Ⅰ 初一上下册英语语法知识点总结
Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from?
一．短语：
1 ．be from = come from 来自于----
2． live in 居住在---
3． on weekends 在周末
4 ．write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信；写信给某人
5 ．in the world 在世界上 in China 在中国
6．pen pal 笔友 14 years old 14岁 favorite subject 最喜欢的科目
7．the United States 美国 the United Kingdom 英国 New York 纽约
8．speak English 讲英语 like and dislike 爱憎
9．go to the movies 去看电影 play sports 做运动
二．重点句式：
1 Where’s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/
2 Where does he live?
3 What language(s) does he speak?
4 I want a pen pal in China.
5 I can speak English and a little French.
6 Please write and tell me about yourself.
7 Can you write to me soon?
8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports.
三．本单元的国家，人民、语言对应。
1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French
2 France------ French------French
3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese 4 Australia----Australian----- English
5 the United States------ American---- English
6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish
Unit 2 Where’s the post office?
一． Asking ways: (问路)
1． Where is (the nearest) ……？ （最近的）……在哪里？
2． Can you tell me the way to ……？ 你能告诉我去……的路吗？
3． How can I get to ……？ 我怎样到达……呢？
4． Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有……吗？
5． Which is the way to ……？ 哪条是去……的路？
二．Showing the ways: （指路）
1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿着这条街一直走。
2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二个路口向左转。
3. You will find it on your right. 你会在你右手边发现它。
4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 离这里大约一百米远。
5. You’d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交车去。（You’d better+动词原形）
三．词组
1. across from …… 在……的对面 across from the bank 在银行的对面
2. next to…… 紧靠…… next to the supermarket 紧靠超市
3. between……and…… 在……和……之间
between the park and the zoo 在公园和动物园之间
among 表示位于三者或三者以上之间
4. in front of…… 在……前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom.
课室前面有棵树。
in the front of…… 在……（内）的前部 There is a desk in the front of the classroom.
课室内的前部有张桌子。
5. behind…… 在……后面 behind my house 在我家后面
6. turn left/ right 向左/右拐
on the left/right of…… 在某物的左/右边 on the left of our school 在我们学校的左边
on one’s left/right 在某人的左/右边 on my left 在我左边
7. go straight 一直走
8. down /along…… 沿着……（街道） down/along Center Street 沿着中央街
9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近
10 welcome to…… 欢迎来到……
11. take /have a walk 散步
12. the beginning of…… ……的开始,前端
at the beginning of…… 在……的开始,前端
in the beginning 起初，一开始
13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得开心，过得愉快
我昨天玩得很开心。 I had fun yesterday.
I had a good time yesterday.
I enjoyed myself yesterday.
14. have a good trip 旅途愉快
15. take a taxi 坐出租车
16. 到达：get to +地方 get here/ there/ home 到这/那/家
arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing.
arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank.
reach +地方
17．go across 从物体表面横过 go across the street 横过马路
go through 从空间穿过 go through the forest 穿过树林
18．on + 街道的名称。 Eg: on Center Street
at + 具体门牌号+街道的名称 Eg: at 6 Center Street
三．重难点解析
1．enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的乐趣，喜爱做某事
I enjoy reading. 我喜爱读书。
到目前为止，我们学了两个特殊的动词finish和enjoy，都是要带 doing.
I finish cleaning the room. 我扫完了这间屋子。
2．hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通过这次考试。
hope +从句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天将会晴朗。
（从句即是一个小句子，这个小句子又放在大句子中，从属于大句子，所以叫从句。如tomorrow will be fine是一个从句，它又放在I hope 的后面，形成句中有句。）
3. if 引导一个表示假设的句子。
If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有许多钱，我就会去月球。
arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing.
arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank.
reach +地方
17．go across 从物体表面横过 go across the street 横过马路
go through 从空间穿过 go through the forest 穿过树林
18．on + 街道的名称。 Eg: on Center Street
at + 具体门牌号+街道的名称 Eg: at 6 Center Street
三．重难点解析
1．enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的乐趣，喜爱做某事
I enjoy reading. 我喜爱读书。
到目前为止，我们学了两个特殊的动词finish和enjoy，都是要带 doing.
2．hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通过这次考试。
hope +从句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天将会晴朗。
（从句即是一个小句子，这个小句子又放在大句子中，从属于大句子，所以叫从句。如tomorrow will be fine是一个从句，它又放在I hope 的后面，形成句中有句。）
3. if 引导一个表示假设的句子。
If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有许多钱，我就会去月球。
三. 重点难点释义
1、kind of 有点，稍微
Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有点害羞。
kind 还有“种类”的意思
如：各种各样的 all kinds of
We have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school.
2、China n. 中国 Africa n. 非洲
China 和Africa都是专有名词，首字母都应该大写，而且和介词in连用。
There are many kinds of tigers in China.
There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa.
3、friendly adj. 友好的，和蔼可亲的
它是名词friend的形容词形式，常常和be动词连用, be friendly。
The people in Cheng are very friendly.
4、with prep. 跟，同，和…在一起
I usually play chess with my father.
注意区别与and的用法，and通常用于连接主语或宾语，连接主语时，
如果有I, I通常放在 and 之后，如：
My father and I usually play chess together.
Play with “和…一起玩耍”“玩…
I often play with my pet dog.
Don’t play with water!
5、day和night 是一对反义词，day 表示白天或一天，night表示夜或夜晚。
通常说in the day, ring the day, at night。
Koala bears often sleep ring the day and eat leaves at night.
6、leaf n. 叶子
复数形式为：leaves, 类似的变化还有：wife—wives, wolf—wolves,
knife—knives等。
7、hour n. 小时；点钟
hour前边通常加上冠词an 表示“一个小时”， 即：an hour。
There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour.
8、be from 来自…
be from = come from
Pandas are from China. = Pandas come form China.
9、meat n. （食用的）肉，为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much来修
饰，即：much meat
He eats much meat every day.
10、grass n. 草，为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much来修饰，即：much grass。
There is much grass on the playground.
四. 语法知识
特殊疑问句通常以“what”、“who”、“which”、“when”、“where”、“how”、“how old”、“how many”等开头，对某一具体问题进行提问。
特殊疑问句的基本构成有两种情况：
1. 疑问句+一般疑问句结构。这是最常见的情况。例如：
What’s your grandfather’s telephone number? 你爷爷的电话号码是多少？
Who is that boy with big eyes? 那个大眼睛的男孩是谁？
Which season do you like best? 你最喜欢哪个季节？
When is he going to play the piano? 他什么时候弹钢琴？
Where does he live? 他住在哪儿？
How are you? 你好吗？
How old are you? 你多大了？
How many brothers and sisters do you have? 你有几个兄弟姐妹？
2. 疑问句+陈述句结构。这时疑问词作主语或修饰主语。例如：
Who is on ty today?
今天谁值日？
Which man is your teacher?
哪位男士是你的老师？
我们学过的What/How about+名词/代词+其他？也是特殊疑问句，它是一种省略结构。
例如：
I like English. What/How about you? 我喜欢英语。你呢？
What about playing basketball? 打篮球怎么样？
Unit 4 I want to be an actor.
一．短语：
1 want to do sth 想要作某事
2 give sb sth = give sth to sb 给某人某物 / 把某物给某人
3 help sb do sth 帮助某人作某事 Eg: I want to help my mother do some housework at home.
4 help sb with sth 帮助某人谋事 Eg: I want to help my mother with some housework at home
二．重点句式及注意事项：
1 询问职业的特殊疑问词是what；有三种主要句式
① What + is / are + sb?
② What + does/ do + sb + do?
③ What + is/ are + 名词所有格/ 形容词性物主代词 + job?
三． 本单元中的名词复数。
1 policeman--- policemen 2 woman doctor----- women doctors 3 thief-----thieves 21 |
七年级下册英语语法点总结(1) 七年级下册英语语法点总结(1) 分类：英语学习
Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from? 一．短语：
1 ．be from = come from 来自于---- 2． live in 居住在---
3． on weekends 在周末
4 ．write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信；写信给某人 5 ．in the world 在世界上 in China 在中国
6．pen pal 笔友 14 years old 14岁 favorite subject 最喜欢的科目 7．the United States 美国 the United Kingdom 英国 New York 纽约 8．speak English 讲英语 like and dislike 爱憎 9．go to the movies 去看电影 play sports 做运动 二．重点句式：
1 Where’s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/ 2 Where does he live?
3 What language(s) does he speak?
三．本单元的国家，人民、语言对应。
1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French 2 France------ French------French 3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese
三． 本单元中的名词复数。
1 policeman--- policemen 2 woman doctor----- women doctors 3 thief-----thieves 21 |
七年级下册英语语法点总结(1) 七年级下册英语语法点总结(1) 分类：英语学习
Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from? 一．短语：
1 ．be from = come from 来自于---- 2． live in 居住在---
3． on weekends 在周末
4 ．write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信；写信给某人 5 ．in the world 在世界上 in China 在中国
6．pen pal 笔友 14 years old 14岁 favorite subject 最喜欢的科目 7．the United States 美国 the United Kingdom 英国 New York 纽约 8．speak English 讲英语 like and dislike 爱憎 9．go to the movies 去看电影 play sports 做运动 二．重点句式：
1 Where’s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from
三．本单元的国家，人民、语言对应。
1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French 2 France------ French------French 3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese 4 Australia----Australian----- English
我昨天玩得很开心。 I had fun yesterday. I had a good time yesterday. I enjoyed myself yesterday. 14. have a good trip 旅途愉快 15. take a taxi 坐出租车
16. 到达：get to +地方 get here/ there/ home 到这/那/家 arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing. arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank. reach +地方
17．go across 从物体表面横过 go across the street 横过马路 go through 从空间穿过 go through the forest 穿过树林 18．on + 街道的名称。 Eg: on Center Street
at + 具体门牌号+街道的名称 Eg: at 6 Center Street 三．重难点解析
1．enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的乐趣，喜爱做某事 I enjoy reading. 我喜爱读书。
到目前为止，我们学了两个特殊的动词finish和enjoy，都是要带 doing. I finish cleaning the room. 我扫完了这间屋子。
2．hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通过这次考试。 hope +从句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天将会晴朗。
（从句即是一个小句子，这个小句子又放在大句子中，从属于大句子，所以叫从句。如tomorrow will be fine是一个从句，它又放在I hope 的后面，形成句中有句。）
3. if 引导一个表示假设的句子。
If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有许多钱，我就会去月球。 If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket. 如果你饿了的话，你可以在超市买一些食物。 四．本单元的反义词、近义词配对
1new—old 2 quiet--- busy 3 dirty--- clean 4 big---- small
Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears? 一．重点词组
eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shy very smart very cute play with her friends kind of South Africa other animals at night in the day every day ring the day 二. 交际用语
1. Why do you like pandas? Because they’re very clever.
2. Why does he like koalas? Because they’re kind of interesting. 3. Where are lions from? They are from South Africa. 4. What other animals do you like? I like dogs, too
Ⅱ 新目标英语七年级下册的知识点
你好！
七年级英语（下）
Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from?
一．短语：
1 ．be from = come from 来自于---- 2． live in
居住在--- 3． on weekends 在周末
4 ．write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信；写信给某人
5 ．in the world 在世界上 6.in China 在中国 7．pen pal 笔友
8. 14 years old 14岁 9.favorite subject
最喜欢的科目 10．the United States 美国
the United Kingdom 英国New York 纽11．speak English 讲英语like and dislike 爱憎
9．go to the movies 去看电影play sports 做运动
二．重点句式：
1 Where’s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/
2 Where does he live? 3 What language(s) does
he speak? 4 I want a pen pal in China.
5 I can speak English and a little
French. 6 Please write and tell me about yourself.
7 Can you write to me soon? 8 I like going to the
movies with my friends and playing sports.
三．本单元的国家，人民、语言对应。
1 Canada---- Canadian---- English /
French 2 France------
French------French
3
Japan------Japanese----Japanese 4 Australia----Australian----- English
5 the United States------ American---- English 6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish
Unit 2 Where’s the post office?
一． Asking ways: (问路)
1． Where is (the nearest)
……？ （最近的）……在哪里？
2． Can you tell me the way to
……？ 你能告诉我去……的路吗？
3． How can I get to
……？ 我怎样到达……呢？
4． Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有……吗？
5． Which is the way to
……？ 哪条是去……的路？
二．Showing the ways: （指路）
1. Go straight down / along this
street. 沿着这条街一直走。
2. Turn left at the second
turning. 在第二个路口向左转。
3. You will find it on your
right. 你会在你右手边发现它。
4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 离这里大约一百米远。
5. You’d better take a
bus. 你最好坐公交车去。（You’d better+动词原形）
三．词组
1. across from …… 在……的对面 across from the bank 在银行的对面
2. next to…… 紧靠…… next to the
supermarket 紧靠超市
3. between……and…… 在……和……之间
between the park and the zoo 在公园和动物园之间
among 表示位于三者或三者以上之间
4. in front of…… 在……前面 There is a tree in front of
the classroom. 课室前面有棵树。
in the front of…… 在……（内）的前部 There is a desk in
the front of the classroom.
课室内的前部有张桌子。
5. behind……
在……后面 behind my house 在我家后面
6. turn left/ right 向左/右拐
on the left/right of……在某物的左/右边 on the
left of our school 在我们学校的左边
on one’s left/right 在某人的左/右边 on my
left在我左边
7. go straight 一直走
8. down /along……沿着……（街道 down/along Center Street 沿着中央街
9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近 10 welcome to…… 欢迎来到……
11. take /have a walk
散步 12. the beginning of…… ……的开始,前端
at the beginning of……
在……的开始,前端 in the beginning
起初，一开始
13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得开心，过得愉快
我昨天玩得很开心。
I had fun yesterday. I had a
good time yesterday. I enjoyed myself
yesterday.
14. have a good trip 旅途愉快 15. take a taxi
坐出租车
16. 到达：get to +地方get here/ there/ home 到这/那/家
arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing. arrive at +小地方I arrive at the
bank. reach
+地方
17．go across 从物体表面横过 go across the
street横过马路
go through 从空间穿过 go
through the forest穿过树林
18．on +
街道的名称。 Eg: on
Center Street
at + 具体门牌号+街道的名称 Eg: at 6 Center Street
三．重难点解析
1．enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的乐趣，喜爱做某事 I
enjoy reading. 我喜爱读书。
到目前为止，我们学了两个特殊的动词finish和enjoy，都是要带 doing.
I finish cleaning the room. 我扫完了这间屋子。
2．hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通过这次考试。
hope
+从句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天将会晴朗。
（从句即是一个小句子，这个小句子又放在大句子中，从属于大句子，所以叫从句。如tomorrow will be fine是一个从句，它又放在I hope
的后面，形成句中有句。）
3. if 引导一个表示假设的句子。
If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有许多钱，我就会去月球。
If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket.
如果你饿了的话，你可以在超市买一些食物。
四．本单元的反义词、近义词配对
1、new—old 2、 quiet--- busy 3 、dirty---
clean 4 、big---- small
Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears?
一．重点词组
eat grass eat
leaves be quiet very shy very smart very
cute
play with her friends kind of South Africa other
animals
at nightin the day every day
ring the day
二. 交际用语
1. Why do you like pandas? Because they’re very clever.
2. Why does he like koalas? Because they’re kind of
interesting.
3. Where are lions from? They are from South
Africa.
4. What other animals do you like? I like dogs, too. Why? Because
they’re friendly and clever.
5. Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass.
6. She’s very
shy. 7. He is from Australia.
8．He sleeps ring the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.
9．He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.
10．Let’s see the pandas
first. 11．They’re kind of
interesting.
12．What other animals do you like? 13．Why do you want
to see the lions?
三. 重点难点释义
1、kind of 有点，稍微 Koala bears
are kind of shy. 考拉有点害羞。
kind 还有“种类”的意思
如：各种各样的 all kinds of We have all kinds of beautiful flowers
in our school.
2、China n. 中国 Africa n. 非洲
China 和Africa都是专有名词，首字母都应该大写，而且和介词in连用。
There are many kinds of tigers in China. There are many kinds of scary
animals in Africa.
3、friendly adj. 友好的，和蔼可亲的
它是名词friend的形容词形式，常常和be动词连用, be friendly。
The people in Cheng are very friendly.
4、with prep. 跟，同，和…在一起
I usually play chess with my father.
注意区别与and的用法，and通常用于连接主语或宾语，连接主语时，
如果有I, I通常放在 and 之后，如：
My father and I usually play chess together.
Play with “和…一起玩耍”“玩…”
I often play with my pet
dog. Don’t play with
water!
5、day和night 是一对反义词，day 表示白天或一天，night表示夜或夜晚。
通常说in the day, ring the day, at night。
Koala bears often sleep ring the day and eat leaves at
night.
6、leaf n. 叶子
复数形式为：leaves, 类似的变化还有：wife—wives, wolf—wolves,
knife—knives，scarf---scarfs(scarves)等。
7、hour n. 小时；点钟 hour前边通常加上冠词an 表示“一个小时”， 即：an hour。
There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour.
8、be from 来自… be from =
come from
Pandas are from China. = Pandas come form China.
9、meat n. （食用的）肉，为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much来修饰，即：much
meat He eats much meat every day.
10、grass n. 草， 为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much来修饰，即：much grass。
There is much grass on the playground.
四. 语法知识
特殊疑问句通常以“what”、“who”、“which”、“when”、“where”、“how”、“how old”、“how
many”等开头，对某一具体问题进行提问。
特殊疑问句的基本构成有两种情况：
1. 疑问句+一般疑问句结构。这是最常见的情况。例如：
What’s your grandfather’s telephone number?你爷爷的电话号码是多少？
Who is that boy with big eyes?那个大眼睛的男孩是谁？
Which season do you like best? 你最喜欢哪个季节？
When is he going to play the piano?他什么时候弹钢琴？
Where does he live?他住在哪儿？
How are you?你好吗？ How old are you?你多大了？
How many brothers and sisters do you have?你有几个兄弟姐妹？
2. 疑问句+陈述句结构。这时疑问词作主语或修饰主语。例如：
Who is on ty today? 今天谁值日？
Which man is your teacher? 哪位男士是你的老师？
我们学过的What/How about+名词/代词+其他？也是特殊疑问句，它是一种省略结构。
例如：
I like English. What/How about you?我喜欢英语。你呢？
What about playing basketball?打篮球怎么样？
字数不允许，无法发完语法
Ⅲ 初一下册新目标英语语法
= =我刚回答了个。
enjoy doing sth 享受或喜欢做某事
be busy doing sth 忙于做某事
It`s+adj +to do sth . 做......是.....的
try doing 试着做某事
ask sb.to do 叫某人做某事
forget doing 忘记已经做过的事
forget to do 忘记要做某事
remember to do 记得要做某事(还没做过)
remember doing 记得做过的事
let sb do 让某人做某事
make sb do 使某人做某事
like doing sth 喜欢做某事(习惯上的)
start to do sth 开始做某事
start doing sth 开始做某事
finish doing sth 完成....
(一般现在时态）be doing 正在做...
would like to do (表示意愿)
spend......(in) doing sth 花费....做...
look forward to doing sth 期待做某事
want to do sth 想要做某事
decide to do sth 决定...
It takes sb sometime to do sth 花费某人多少时间做...
be going to do sth/will do（一般将来时态）将要做某事
Thank for doing sth 感谢做某事
practice doing sth/sth 练习做某事/某事
make sb do sth
let sb do sth
ask sb sth
ask sb for help
stop doing sth
stop to do sth
be interest in sth
be surprised at sth
be surprised that+从句
Ⅳ 初一下期中考试英语复习知识点，新目标的
七年级下册英语语法点总结(1)
分类：英语学习
Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from?
一．短语：
1 ．be from = come from 来自于----
2． live in 居住在---
3． on weekends 在周末
4 ．write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信；写信给某人
5 ．in the world 在世界上 in China 在中国
6．pen pal 笔友 14 years old 14岁 favorite subject 最喜欢的科目
7．the United States 美国 the United Kingdom 英国 New York 纽约
8．speak English 讲英语 like and dislike 爱憎
9．go to the movies 去看电影 play sports 做运动
二．重点句式：
1 Where’s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/
2 Where does he live?
3 What language(s) does he speak?
4 I want a pen pal in China.
5 I can speak English and a little French.
6 Please write and tell me about yourself.
7 Can you write to me soon?
8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports.
三．本单元的国家，人民、语言对应。
1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French
2 France------ French------French
3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese
4 Australia----Australian----- English
5 the United States------ American---- English
6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish
Unit 2 Where’s the post office?
一． Asking ways: (问路)
1． Where is (the nearest) ……？ （最近的）……在哪里？
2． Can you tell me the way to ……？ 你能告诉我去……的路吗？
3． How can I get to ……？ 我怎样到达……呢？
4． Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有……吗？
5． Which is the way to ……？ 哪条是去……的路？
二．Showing the ways: （指路）
1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿着这条街一直走。
2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二个路口向左转。
3. You will find it on your right. 你会在你右手边发现它。
4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 离这里大约一百米远。
5. You’d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交车去。（You’d better+动词原形）
三．词组
1. across from …… 在……的对面 across from the bank 在银行的对面
2. next to…… 紧靠…… next to the supermarket 紧靠超市
3. between……and…… 在……和……之间
between the park and the zoo 在公园和动物园之间
among 表示位于三者或三者以上之间
4. in front of…… 在……前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom.
课室前面有棵树。
in the front of…… 在……（内）的前部 There is a desk in the front of the classroom.
课室内的前部有张桌子。
5. behind…… 在……后面 behind my house 在我家后面
6. turn left/ right 向左/右拐
on the left/right of…… 在某物的左/右边 on the left of our school 在我们学校的左边
on one’s left/right 在某人的左/右边 on my left 在我左边
7. go straight 一直走
8. down /along…… 沿着……（街道） down/along Center Street 沿着中央街
9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近
10 welcome to…… 欢迎来到……
11. take /have a walk 散步
12. the beginning of…… ……的开始,前端
at the beginning of…… 在……的开始,前端
in the beginning 起初，一开始
13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得开心，过得愉快
我昨天玩得很开心。 I had fun yesterday.
I had a good time yesterday.
I enjoyed myself yesterday.
14. have a good trip 旅途愉快
15. take a taxi 坐出租车
16. 到达：get to +地方 get here/ there/ home 到这/那/家
arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing.
arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank.
reach +地方
17．go across 从物体表面横过 go across the street 横过马路
go through 从空间穿过 go through the forest 穿过树林
18．on + 街道的名称。 Eg: on Center Street
at + 具体门牌号+街道的名称 Eg: at 6 Center Street
三．重难点解析
1．enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的乐趣，喜爱做某事
I enjoy reading. 我喜爱读书。
到目前为止，我们学了两个特殊的动词finish和enjoy，都是要带 doing.
I finish cleaning the room. 我扫完了这间屋子。
2．hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通过这次考试。
hope +从句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天将会晴朗。
（从句即是一个小句子，这个小句子又放在大句子中，从属于大句子，所以叫从句。如tomorrow will be fine是一个从句，它又放在I hope 的后面，形成句中有句。）
3. if 引导一个表示假设的句子。
If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有许多钱，我就会去月球。
If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket.
如果你饿了的话，你可以在超市买一些食物。
四．本单元的反义词、近义词配对
1new—old 2 quiet--- busy 3 dirty--- clean 4 big---- small
Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears?
一．重点词组
eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shy very smart very cute
play with her friends kind of South Africa other animals
at night in the day every day ring the day
二. 交际用语
1. Why do you like pandas? Because they’re very clever.
2. Why does he like koalas? Because they’re kind of interesting.
3. Where are lions from? They are from South Africa.
4. What other animals do you like?
I like dogs, too.
Why?
Because they’re friendly and clever.
5. Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass.
6. She’s very shy.
7. He is from Australia.
8．He sleeps ring the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.
9．He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.
10．Let’s see the pandas first.
11．They’re kind of interesting.
12．What other animals do you like?
13．Why do you want to see the lions?
三. 重点难点释义
1、kind of 有点，稍微
Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有点害羞。
kind 还有“种类”的意思
如：各种各样的 all kinds of
We have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school.
2、China n. 中国 Africa n. 非洲
China 和Africa都是专有名词，首字母都应该大写，而且和介词in连用。
There are many kinds of tigers in China.
There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa.
3、friendly adj. 友好的，和蔼可亲的
它是名词friend的形容词形式，常常和be动词连用, be friendly。
The people in Cheng are very friendly.
4、with prep. 跟，同，和…在一起
I usually play chess with my father.
注意区别与and的用法，and通常用于连接主语或宾语，连接主语时，
如果有I, I通常放在 and 之后，如：
My father and I usually play chess together.
Play with “和…一起玩耍”“玩…”
I often play with my pet dog.
Don’t play with water!
5、day和night 是一对反义词，day 表示白天或一天，night表示夜或夜晚。
通常说in the day, ring the day, at night。
Koala bears often sleep ring the day and eat leaves at night.
6、leaf n. 叶子
复数形式为：leaves, 类似的变化还有：wife—wives, wolf—wolves,
knife—knives等。
7、hour n. 小时；点钟
hour前边通常加上冠词an 表示“一个小时”， 即：an hour。
There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour.
8、be from 来自…
be from = come from
Pandas are from China. = Pandas come form China.
9、meat n. （食用的）肉，为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much来修
饰，即：much meat
He eats much meat every day.
10、grass n. 草，为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much来修饰，即：much grass。
There is much grass on the playground.
四. 语法知识
特殊疑问句通常以“what”、“who”、“which”、“when”、“where”、“how”、“how old”、“how many”等开头，对某一具体问题进行提问。
特殊疑问句的基本构成有两种情况：
1. 疑问句+一般疑问句结构。这是最常见的情况。例如：
What’s your grandfather’s telephone number? 你爷爷的电话号码是多少？
Who is that boy with big eyes? 那个大眼睛的男孩是谁？
Which season do you like best? 你最喜欢哪个季节？
When is he going to play the piano? 他什么时候弹钢琴？
Where does he live? 他住在哪儿？
How are you? 你好吗？
How old are you? 你多大了？
How many brothers and sisters do you have? 你有几个兄弟姐妹？
2. 疑问句+陈述句结构。这时疑问词作主语或修饰主语。例如：
Who is on ty today?
今天谁值日？
Which man is your teacher?
哪位男士是你的老师？
我们学过的What/How about+名词/代词+其他？也是特殊疑问句，它是一种省略结构。
例如：
I like English. What/How about you? 我喜欢英语。你呢？
What about playing basketball? 打篮球怎么样？
Unit 4 I want to be an actor.
一．短语：
1 want to do sth 想要作某事
2 give sb sth = give sth to sb 给某人某物 / 把某物给某人
3 help sb do sth 帮助某人作某事 Eg: I want to help my mother do some housework at home.
4 help sb with sth 帮助某人谋事 Eg: I want to help my mother with some housework at home
5 in the day 在白天
6 at night 在晚上
7 talk with/ to sb 和----谈话
8 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 Eg: He is busy listening to the teacher.
9 in a hospital 在医院l
10 work/ study hard 努力工作
11 Evening Newspaper 晚报
二．重点句式及注意事项：
1 询问职业的特殊疑问词是what；有三种主要句式
① What + is / are + sb?
② What + does/ do + sb + do?
③ What + is/ are + 名词所有格/ 形容词性物主代词 + job?
2 People give me their money or get their money from me.
3 Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night.
4 I like talking to people.
5 I work late. I’m very busy when people go out to dinners.
6 Where does your sister work?
7 then we have a job for you as a waiter.
8 Do you want to work for a magazine? Then come and work for us as a reporter.
9 Do you like to work evenings and weekends?
10 We are an international school for children of 5-12.
Ⅳ 初一下册英语新目标所有语法！！！！！急！！！！！！
一、词法
1、名词
A）、名词的数
我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：
一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, ty-ties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯
五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员
九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡
十一） 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如：Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B）名词的格
当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：
一）单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s
二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节
三）由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个’s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间（共住一间），Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）
2、代词
3、动词
A） 第三人称单数
当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：
一）一般在词后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes
三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
四）以o结尾加es。如：does, goes
五）特殊的有：are-is, have-has
B） 现在分词
当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：
一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于
4、形容词的级
我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：
一） 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
二）以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母＋1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
三） 以辅音字母＋y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
四）特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)
good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst
little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest
5、数词 (基变序，有规则；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾，变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
Ⅵ 新目标英语初一下学期7~12单元复习提纲
Unit 10 Where did you go on vacation?
一．短语
1.go on vacationgo to summer camp stay at home
study for examsCentral Parkshow sth to sb
.help him find his fatherwalk back to…go shopping
the Palace Museumthink ofhave fun doing sth
.bus tripthe Great WallTian’an Men Square
.a Beijing Hutongmake sb do sth
.decide to do sthall day
二．重点句子和注意事项
1．Where did you go on vacation? I went to summer camp.
Where did they go on vacation? They went to New York City.
Where did he go on vacation? He stayed at home.
Where did she go on vacation? She visited her uncle.
2． Did you/he/she/they go to Central Park?
Yes, I/he/she/they did. No, I/he/she/they didn’t.
3． How were the movies? They were fantastic
4． have fun doing something干某事有乐趣 ＝enjoy oneself doing something
We have fun learning and speaking English .
We enjoy ourselves learning and speaking English . 我们学英语有很多乐趣．
5． find sb. doing sth. 发现某人在干某事find sb. do sth. 发现某人干过某事
I find him reading the novel (小说）. I found him go into the room .
6． corner角落，角，拐角处
in the corner 在角落里（指在建筑物里面）
at the corner 在拐角处（指在建筑物外面或道路的拐角）
My bike is at the corner .
7． be lost 迷路了＝get lost , lost (adj.) The girl was lost in the big city .
8． help sb. (to) do sth.＝help sb for sth 帮助某人干某事
He always helps us learn English
9. make sb. do sth. 让／使某人干某事 let / have sb. do sth. do前不带to
The movie makes me relaxing . Let the boy do his homework alone .
10. feel+ adj. 感到．．． I feel hungry / tired /happy / excited
11. decide to do sth. 决定干某事 They decided to go to Hainan on vacation .
Uint 11 What do you think of game shows?
一． 词组
1．. TV shows（电视节目）
soap opera sitcom a comedy an action movie a documentarya thriller cartoonBeijing Opera
Animal WorldTell it like it isLaw Todaygame show CCTV NewsNews in 30 MinutesMan and Nature nese CookingAround Chinatalk show Lucky52 rts newssports show Culture China
2． write an article for the school magazine.给学校杂志写一篇文章
3． a thirteen - year - old boy.一个十三岁的男孩 4． wear colorful clothes.穿着颜色鲜艳的衣服
5． interview sb. 采访某人 in fact. 实际上6. wear scarves. 戴着围巾 7 .think of 想起，考虑到
二．重点句型
1. What do you think of soap operas? I can't stand them.
2. What do you think of sports shows? I don't mind them.
3. What does she think of "Hilltop High"? She doesn't like it.
4. What does Tony think of Tommy? He likes him.
5. What do they think of Amanda? They love her.
三．重难点解析
1. wear (v. 动词) "穿，戴，佩"。根据不同宾语，翻译不同的汉语意思。
wear earrings 戴耳环 wear a dress 穿连衣裙 wear a watch 戴手表
wear a beard 蓄胡子 wear long hair 留长发
2. think "想，考虑，思索"（v. 动词）可以和许多介词搭配，组成新的意思。
A：think of "考虑"；"有...的看法"， 有时等于think about.
What does he think of Beijing Opera?他对京剧有什么看法？
My mother always thinks of everything!我妈妈总是想到所有的东西。
think highly of sb. /sth. 对某人或某物评价甚高
Mr Black thinks highly of his son. 布莱克先生对他儿子评价甚高。
B：think about "考虑"（指计划，观念，看它是否相宜、可行）
He is thinking about going to China.他正在考虑去中国。
3. too与either的区别
too"也"，表示肯定意义，与肯定的表达方法连用；而either"也不"，表示否定意义，与否定的表达方法连用。
（1）—My brother likes to play soccer.我哥哥喜欢踢足球。—I do, too.我也是（喜欢）。
（2）—My brother doesn't like to play soccer.我哥哥不喜欢踢足球。—I don't, either.
我也不喜欢。
also也可以表示"也"，但一般情况下，too和either放在句子之后，also放在动词之前。
We also love talk shows.我们也喜欢访谈节目。
4. a thirteen - year - old boy 一个十三岁的男孩
此结构中，year用单数形式，且用连字符，这种结构用作定语。
a five - month - old baby 一个五个月大的婴儿
5. enjoy (v. 喜爱，享受)
enjoy后面接名词、代词或动名词，注意与like/ love用法的区别。like/ love还可以接动词不定式（to do）。
I enjoy the soap operas.我喜爱肥皂剧。
I enjoy watching the soap operas.我喜爱看肥皂剧。
但我们不能说：I enjoy to watch the soap operas.
只能说：I like / love to watch the soap operas.
6. mind 表示"介意，反对"的意思时，通常用在疑问句、否定句中。
Would you mind opening the window?请你打开窗子好不好？
He doesn't mind the cold weather at all.他一点都不在乎寒冷的天气。
多用于以下句型：（表示请求或征求意见）后接动名词/名词/代词。
Would you mind (doing) ...? Do you mind (doing) ...?
7. stand 表示忍受（多用于否定句、疑问句）
He can't stand the hot weather.他忍受不了炎热的天气。Can you stand the pain?你忍受得了疼吗？
9. What do you think of ...? 你认为...怎么样？（谈论对某事物的喜好程度）可选择的回答有：
（1）I like it. （2）I don't mind it.（3）I don't like it. （4）I can't stand it.
（5）I like it very much.（6）I love it. （7）It's beautiful. （8）They're fantastic
Unit 12 Don't eat in class.
一．短语．
1. in class 在课上2. on school nights 在上学的晚上 3. school rules 校规
4. no talking 禁止交谈5. listen to music 听音乐6. have to 不得不
7. take my dog for a walk 带狗去散步8. eat outside 在外面吃饭 9. in the hallway 在走廊上10. wear a uniform 穿制服11. arrive late for class 上学迟到12. after school 放学后17. be in bed 在床上 13. practice the guitar 练习弹吉它 14. in the cafeteria 在自助食堂里15. meet my friends 和我朋友见面16. by ten o'clock.十点之前18. the Children's Palace 少年宫19. help my mom make dinner 帮助我妈做饭
二．重点句型
1.Don’t arrive late for school＝Don’t be late for school
2.Don’t fight ＝
3.Don’t listen to music in the classroom. 4.Don’t run in the hallways
5.Don’t smoke .It’s bad for your health. 6.Don’t play cards in school
7.Don’t talk in class 8.Don’t watch TV on school nights.
9.Don’t sleep in class. 10.Don’t play sports in the classrooms.
11.Don’t sing songs at night. 12.Don’t talk when you eat.
13.Don’t wear hats in class. 14.Do homework by 10:00.
15.Clean your house! 16.Make the bed.
17.Can we ……? Yes ,we can . No, we can’t.
Eg:Can we arrive late for class ? No, we can’t. We can’t arrive late for class.
18.Do you have to wash your clothes? Yes, I do./No, I don’t.
三． 重难点解析：
1. 情态动词have to 的用法，意思是"必须、不得不"，它侧重于客观上的必要和外界的权威。（1）结构：主语＋have to＋动词原形＋其他
（一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数时，用has to；句子是过去时，用had to.）如：We have to wear sneakers for gym class. 在体育课上，我们必须穿运动鞋。Tom has to practice the guitar every day. 汤姆每天必须练习弹吉它。I had to get up at 5:00 am last Monday. 上周一，我不得不早上5点起床。
（2）否定形式：主语＋don't have to＋动词原形＋其他
（一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数时，用doesn't have to. 句子是过去时，用didn't have to）
如：Nick doesn't have to wear a uniform. 尼克不必穿制服。We didn't have to do our homework at once. 我们不必马上完成作业。
（3）疑问句：Do （Does或Did）＋主语＋have to ＋动词原形＋其他
如：Do you have to stay at home on weekends? 周末你必须呆在家里吗？Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
是的，我必须。不，我不必。Did he have to go to bed by 11:00 last night? 昨晚，他不得不11点前上床睡觉吗？
2. 情态动词can的用法
（1）表示能力，"会""能"（在第一册中已经学习这种用法）
Can you play the guitar? 你会弹吉它吗？Judy can speak a little Chinese. 朱蒂会说一点中文。I can dance and sing. 我能唱歌又能跳舞。
（2）表示允许、许可，"可以"、"能"（在这一课中新学的词义）
Can the students run in the hallways? 学生们可以在走廊上跑吗？We can eat outside. 我们可以在外面吃东西。Can I come in? 我能进来吗？
注意 同样是情态动词，can 和have to 的用法是有区别的，和大部分情态动词一样，can在否定句中，直接在can后加上not，在疑问句中，把can放到主语前面，并且没有人称和数的变化。
3. hear，listen和sound都有"听"的意思，但三者是有区别的。
（1）hear"听说"，侧重于"听"的内容
I'm sorry to hear that you are ill. 听说你生病了，我很难过。
I never heard such an interesting story. 我从来没听过这么有趣的一个故事。
（2）listen"听"侧重于"听"这一动作。Listen to me carefully. 认真听我说。
The children like to listen to music. 孩子们喜欢听音乐。
（3）sound"听起来"，它是系动词，后面接形容词等。That sounds great. 那听起来真不错。
It sounds like fun. 听起来挺有趣。
4. be in bed "在床上、卧床"in 和bed之间不能用冠词，bed也不用复数。
He is in bed for 10 years. 他卧床10年了。Dave has to be in bed early every night.大卫每晚必须很早睡觉。
5. arrive late for 与be late for 意思相近，"迟到"Don't arrive （be）late for school. 上学别迟到。I arrived （was）late for the meeting yesterday. 我昨天开会迟到了。
6. No talking ! "禁止交谈！"no后面加上名词或动名词（doing）也表示不要做某事。与don't +do的用法相似。No wet umbrellas! / Don't put wet umbrellas here! 禁止放湿雨伞！
No food! Don't eat food here! 禁止吃食物！No smoking! Don't smoke here! 禁止吸烟！
7．语法（祈使句）
祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、号召或者劝告等的句子，这类句子的主语常是第二人称you，也就是听话者，因而you常省去了。祈使句的开头是动词原形。
如：Look out! 小心！Wait here for me! 在这等我！
Be sure to come here on time! 务必准时来到这里！
祈使句的否定形式多以do not（常缩写成don't）开头，再加上动词原形。
Don't arrive late for school. 上学别迟到。
Don't fight! 别打架！
Don't look out of the window. 不要向窗外看。
Ⅶ 新目标七年级英语单元知识点、短语及句型总结
非谓语动词是中学语法中的重要内容，也是高考重要考点之一。考点主要分布在以下几方面：1、不定式和动名词作主语和宾语；2、分词和不定式作宾补，状语和定语；3、非谓语动词的各种形式；4、动名词的复合结构；5、“疑问词+不定式”结构；6、不定式的省略；7、现在分词与过去分词的区别。考点分析如下：
考点一：不定式和分词作状语（其逻辑主 语必须和句子的主语一致）
1.分词作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、方式，伴随状况等。
Hearing the news , they got excited .(时间)
Having been bitten by a snake , she was frightened of it . (原因)
Given a chance , I can surprise the world .(条件)
Having been told many times , he still repeated the same mistakes (让步)
The cup dropped to the ground , breaking into pieces .(结果)
The teacher came into the lab , followed by some students .(伴随状况)
注意：独立成分作状语，有些分词短语，其形式不受上下文的影响，称其独立成分，常见的有：
generally speaking …一般来说
frankly speaking … 坦白地说
strictly speaking … 严格地讲
judging from/ by … 根据…来
considering , … 考虑到 …
to be honest 老实说
taken as a whole , … 总的来说
to tell the truth .说真的
to be honest 老实说
to make things worse 使事情更糟的是
given … 考虑到
2.不定式作状语。表示“目的，结果，原因”。
①下列作表语用的形容词，后可接不定式作状语。
happy, lucky, fortunate, glad, pleased, afraid, surprised, proud, disappointed, sure, able, sorry, free, willing, eager, ready, anxious, likely, patient, easy, difficult, fit, comfortable 等。
其句型结构如下：
②跟在动词之后作状语
The doctor did all he could to save the boy.
③常见的结构中的不定式作状语
in order to do（为了...） so as to do（以便...）
so adj/adv as to do（如此…以致于...）
too adj/adv to do（太...而不能...）
adj/adv enough to do（足够...以致于...）
only to do （结果…）
考点二：不定式和动名词作宾语
1.下列动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语，常见的动词有：agree, seek（寻找） , fail , decide, refuse , offer , afford , learn , dare , demand , hope , desire , manage , prepare , pretend, promise , ask , want , expect , intend（打算，想要），wish , choose , determine , would like , set out (着手，开始) attempt（尝试，试图，企图） , make up one's mind , try one's best 等.
2.有些动词不能直接跟不定式作宾语，需用it 代替不定式。常见的动词有：find , make , feel , think , consider , suppose 等。
其句型结构如下：
主+ V( make , find … ) it + adi /n + 不定式
This has made it necessary for agriculture and instry to develop quickly .
3.下列动词及短语等后面只接动名词作宾语
①admit , advise , avoid , appreciate , enjoy , escape , excuse , delay , miss , risk , fancy , resist , include , finish , imagine , keep (on ) , mind , practise , suggest , allow , permit , stand （忍受） ，consider（考虑），forbid 等词。
②be / get used to , give up , feel like , insist on , put off, stick to , be busy , look forward to , object to 等词组。
③ sb have difficulty / trouble ( in ) doing.
sb have great fun doing
sb have a hard ( good ) time ( in ) doing
sb spend / waste time /money( in ) doing
sb be busy doing 或sb keep sb busy doing
sb/ sth stop / prevent / keep sb from doing
What / How about doing …？
sth be worth doing ;
sb prefer doing to doing .等句型
4.下列动词后可接不定式和动名词作宾语，但意义不一样。
forget to do 忘记去做
doing 忘记已经做过
remember to do 记住去做
doing 记得曾经做过
regret to do 后悔（遗憾）去做
doing 后悔做过某事
stop to do 停下来接着做另一件事
doing 停止做一件事
try to do 努力（试图）做某事
doing 尝试着做
go on to do （做完某事）接着做另一件事
doing 连续做同一件事
can't help to do 不能帮助做
doing 情不自禁地做
mean to do 意欲（想，企图）做
doing 意味着（意思是）做
5.allow , advise , forbid , permit 之后用动名词作宾语，但要用不定式作宾补。
The manager doesn't allow smoking in this office.
The manger doesn't allow anybody to smoke in his office.
6.下列动词接不定式或动名词作宾语均可。
①like ( love , prefer ) +doing 常表示经常性的行为
like ( love , prefer) + to do 常表示暂时的行为
I like talking very much but I don't like to talk with this stranger.
②如果like , love , prefer 前有would / should , 后面则应接动词不定式。
We'd like to go swimming this weekend if it is fine.
③need , require , want 当“需要”解时，其后可接动名词doing，也可接不定式to be done作宾语。
考点三：作宾补（其逻辑主语就是句子的宾语）
1．不定式作宾补
①可带to 的不定式作宾补的动词有：
ask, tell, want, expect, wish, order, advise, invite, beg, force, oblige, allow, , forbid, get , warn, encourage, prefer, persuade, cause 等。
②不带to 的不定式作宾补的动词有：
have, make, let, see, hear, watch, notice, observe, feel,listen to, look at 等。
但在被动语态中，不定式必须带上to。
We often hear him sing this song.
He is often heard to sing this song.
③可以用to be 作宾补的动词有：
think, consider, believe, imagine, feel, declare , find, suppose 等。
We all believe him to be fit for this position.
Ⅷ 新目标七年级英语下册总复习【语法、知识点】
七年级下词组和重点句型练习
Unit 1 & Unit 2 重点词组
笔友 ______ ______ 来自______ _______ / ______ ______
在美国________ __________ ___________ ____________
她最喜爱的学科__________ ____________ ____________
说英语 ________ ________ 太难 ________ ________
给某人写信 ______ ______ somebody 寻求笔友 ______ ______ ______
我最喜爱的运动 ______ ______ ______ 在十一月________ _________
在周末_________ ____________
喜欢的和不喜欢的事物________ _________ _________
在附近_________ _________ 在中心大街上_________ Center Street
在……的对面_______ ______ 挨着 _______ _______
在…前面 ______ ______ ______ 在…和…之间 ______ … ______
在图书馆后面_________ ________ _________ 在附近活动区内
邮局 ________ ________ 投币式公用电话 ________ _________
直向前走________ _________ 向左拐 ________ ________
步行穿过公园 ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______
一个享乐的好地方______ ______ _______ ________ _______ _______
一家旧旅店 ______ ______ ______ 一条繁忙的街道 ______ ______ ______
来我家的路______ ________ ________ ________ _________
在你的右边__________ __________ ___________
Unit 1 重点句子
1. Where ________ your ________ ＿＿＿＿＿＿(笔友) from?
He ________ ________ ________ (来自澳大利亚)
Where ________ he ________ (live)? He ________(live) in Sydney.
What ________ (语言) ________ he ________ (说)？ He ________ ________ (说英语).
2. ______ she ______ ______ ______ _____ _______ ?(她有兄弟姐妹吗？)
3. I think _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____. (中国是个非常令人感兴趣的国家)
4. I ______ ______ _____ (会说英语) and ______ _____ ______ (一点法语).
5. I like _____(go) to the movies _____(和) my friends and _____ _____ (做运动).
6. The Long Weekend is ________ ________ ________(一部动作片).
7. Please write and ______ ______ ______ ______.(告诉我关于你的情况)
Unit 2 重点句子
1. Is there ________ _________ (银行) near here?
Yes, ______ ______. It’s ______ ______ _______ (在中心大街上).
2. Where’s ___ ____ (图书馆)？ It’s ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ (在饭店和超市之间).
3. Is there a hotel ________ ________ ________(在附近).
4. Just ________ ________(直向前走) and _____ _________(向左拐). It’s _______(沿着) Bridge Street ______ ______ ______(在右边). It’s _______ ________(挨着) a supermarket.
5. ----________ ________ ________ _______(非常感谢) OR _______ ________ ________.
----________ ________（不客气）OR __________ __________ __________.
6. ________ ________ ________ ________ （挨着旅店） is a small house ________ ________ ________ ________ (带有一个有趣的花园的)
7. This is the ________(begin) of the ________ ________ (花园观光).
8. Bridge Street is _____ ______ ______ ______ _______ _______(令人玩得开心的好去处).
9. Write ________ ________ ________ (一则旅游指南) for your neighborhood.
10. Turn left on First Avenue and ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ and ________ ________ (分享城市宁静的街道和小公园)
11. ______ ______ ________（如果你饿了）, you can buy some food in the ________(超市).
12. I know you ________ ________(arrive) next Sunday.
13. ______ _____ ______ ______ ____ ____ ______ ____ ______ (让我告诉你来我家的路).
14. You __________(经过) a bank ___________ ___________ ____________(在你右边) and then __________ __________(沿着走) Long Street.
15. I hope you ________ ________ ________ ________ (旅途愉快)
Units 3 – 4 重点词句
有几分，挺……的___________ 吃草________ _________
和她的朋友玩________ ________ _________ _________
安静些 be _________ 在白天________ _________ __________
在晚上________ _________ 吃树叶________ __________
其他的动物________ ________ 银行职员 _______ ________
店员 ________ ________ 努力工作 ________ _______
其他年轻人 ______ ______ ______ 校园剧 _____ ______
为杂志社工作_______ _______ _______ _______
一份忙碌的工作__________ ____________ ___________
一名报社记者 ________ ________ ________
Unit 3 重点句子
1. _______ do you like pandas? Because they’re ______ _______(很聪明)
2. Why ______ he ______(like) koalas? ______ they’re ______ ______ ______ (几分有趣).
3. Where ______ lions ______(来自于…)? They ______ ______ ______ ______ (来自南非).
4. What ________ ________ (其他的动物)do you like?
I like ________(狗) ________? (为什么)
Because they’re ________ ________ ________.(友好而且聪明)
5. Molly likes to ________ ________ _____ ______ (和朋友玩)and _______ _______(吃草).
6. She’s ________ ________(很害羞).
7. He ______ ______ ______(来澳大利亚 ). He ______ ______ ______ ______ (白天睡觉)， but ______ ______ (在晚上) he ______ ______ ______ ________ ________ (起来吃叶子).
8. He usually _______(睡觉) and _____ _____ _______ ______ ____ (每天休息20个小时)
Unit 4 重点句子
1. ________ ________ ________ ________? (她是做什么的？)
同义句： ______ ______ _______ ______? = ______ ______ ______?
2. My uncle ________ _______ ________ __________(在那家饭店工作).
3. ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________? (你想从事什么工作)
I want ________ ________ ________ ________(当演员)
4. I ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(和人、钱打交道). People ________ ________ ________ ________(把他们的钱给我) or get their money from me.
5. I wear ________ ________ ________(白色制服) and I help doctors. Sometimes I ________ ________ ________ ________(白天工作) and sometimes ________ ________ (在晚上).
6. My work is interesting but _____ ____ ____(有点危险). ____ ____ ____ ____(贼不喜欢我).
7. I like ________ ________ ________(和人们谈话)。 I meet interesting people every day and ________ ___________ ________(问他们问题).
8. I ________ ________ (工作到很晚). I ________ _________ ________(很忙) when people ________ ________ ________ ________ (出去吃饭).
9. Where does your sister ________(work)? She _______ _____ _______ ______(在医院工作).
10. We have a job for you ________ ________ ________(当服务员)
11. We are ____ ____ ____ ____ ______ _____ _____(为5~12岁孩子开办的一所国际学校).
12. We want a P.E. teacher _____ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______(教足球、排球、网球).
13. We also want ________ ________ ________(一名音乐教师) ________ ________ ________ ________ and ________(来教吉它、钢琴、小提琴).
Units 5-6 重点词组
做作业________ ________ 看电视________ __________
吃饭________ _______ 在电话上说话_______ ________ ________ ________
去看电影______ ______ ______ ______ 写信______ _______ _______
等候______ _______ 和某人说话_______ _______/______ somebody
看书________ ________ 为．．．．．．感谢_______ _________ …
在第一幅照片里_______ ________ ________ ________
打篮球________ ________ 在游泳池________ ________ _________
在最后一幅照片里_______ ________ ________ ________
和某人在一起__________ __________ somebody
一幅我家的照片a _________ _________ _________ _________
踢足球_______ _______ 玩电子游戏_______ _______ ________
打篮球_______ _______ 为．．．．．．感谢某人______ somebody ______ …
度假________ ________ 拍照_______ _________
在沙滩上________ _______ ________ 看________ _________
这群_________ _________ of 惊奇________ __________
在这么热的天里_________ __________ ___________
一个有趣的地方__________ __________ __________
在法国_______ _______ 玩得高兴_______ ______ ______ _______
Unit 5 重点句子
1. ----What _______ you ________(do)? ----I’m ________(watch) TV.
2. ----What’s he _______(do)? ----He _______ ________ _________(做作业).
3. ----What’s she _________(do)? ----She ________ _________(看书).
4. ----Do you want ________ __________ _________ _________ _________（去看电影）?
----_________（当然）, this TV show is _________（没意思）.
----_________（什么时间）do you want to go?
----_________ __________（让我们去）at six o’clock.
5. Who’s he _________ _________(等待)? 6. What’s he __________(读)?
7. Who are they _______ _________(谈话)? 8. What are they _______ _________(谈论)?
9. _________ _________(感谢) your letter and the photos.
10. Here are _________ _________ __________ __________(我的一些照片).
11. In the _________(第一) photo, I’m __________ __________(打篮球) at school.
12. In the second photo, I’m __________(游泳) at the pool.
13. In the next photo, you can see my family at home. We ________ _______ _______(吃晚饭).
14. In the _________(最后的) photo, I’m _________(在一起) my sister-Gina. She’s _________ _________(做作业)-I’m ________ _________(看电视).
15. ----Are you __________(游泳)? ----No, ________ _________.
Unit 6 重点句子
1. ----______ _____ ____(天气怎么样) today? / _____ _____ _____ ____(天气怎么样) today?
----It’s ________ _________ _________(热而且潮湿).
2. ----_________ _________ _________(近来情况怎么样)?
----_____(好极了)! / Pretty good. / Not bad. / Very bad. / _____(糟糕透了)!
3. _________ _________ ________ ________(谢谢参加) CCTV’s Around the World show.
4. It’s a _________, __________(美丽的，晴朗的) day!
5. There are __________ __________(许多人) here __________ ___________(度假).
6. _________(有些人) are _________ _________(拍照), __________ _________ __________(另一些人躺着) on the beach.
7. _________ ________(看) this __________(群) of people playing beach volleyball.
8. I’m _________(惊讶) they can play in this heat.
9. This is ________ __________ __________ __________(一个非常有意思的地方).
10. The people are _________ ________ __________(的确非常放松).
11. _________ __________(这是冬天) in France.
12. Everyone is ________ __________ _________ __________(玩得高兴).
13. Friends are __________(喝东西) in restaurants.
14. What do you do _________ __________ _________(当天下雨的时候)?
Units 7-8 重点词组
看起来像_______ ________ 短发______ ______ 长发_____ _____ 卷发_____ ______
直发__________ ___________ 中等身高___________ __________
中等身材___________ ____________ 戴眼镜___________ ____________
短的直发__________ ________ ___________ 非常受欢迎___________ _____________
有点儿__________ ___________ ____________
有点儿沉默____________ ___________ ___________ ___________
说笑话___________ ___________ 喜爱做某事_________ to do something
黑色长发__________ ____________ ____________ 停止做某事_________ doing something
喜欢做某事__________ doing something 流行歌手_________ __________
带着眼镜__________ ___________ 一幅新面孔________ _________ ________
去购物___________ ____________ 哪种__________ __________ _________
牛肉西红柿面条_________ _________ __________ __________
桔子汁______ ________ 绿茶______ ________ 饺子馆__________ of ___________
一大碗面条_________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________
Unit 7重点句子
1. ----What __________ your friend ___________ ____________?
----She is ____________ _____________(中等身材), and she ___________ long hair.
2. I think I ________(认识) her. I _____ _______ _______ ________(觉得不认识) her.
3. She ___________(总是) __________ a red dress and white shoes.
4. Wang Lin is the __________(队长) of the basketball team.
5. He is very ___________(受欢迎).
6. She’s ________(模样好看) but she’s ________ _________ _______ ________(有点沉默)..
7. Xu Qian loves ___________ ___________ _____________(说笑话).
8. She’s short and ___________ ____________ _____________ ____________(有点胖)..
9. She ________ __________ ___________(从不停止说话).
10. He likes __________(读书) and ___________ ___________(下棋).
11. He is ________ _________ _________ __________ ________(一个戴眼镜的高个子男人)..
12. ___________ ___________(有些人) don’t like his __________ ___________(新容貌).
13. “__________ ___________ __________ ____________ ____________ ___________(我觉
得他没那么伟大),” says Ruth from New York. “But my mom __________.”
14. I can _______ _________(去购物), and _________ ________ _________(没有人认识我).
Unit 8重点句子
1. ----_________ ___________ _________ noodles __________ you ___________?
----I’d like beef and tomato noodles, please.
2. What size bowl of noodles ___________ __________ ___________?
He’d like a ______/_________/_______(小/中/大) bowl of noodles.
在餐馆内的对话
----_________ I _________ you?
----I’d like __________ __________, please.
----What kind of noodles would you like?
----What kind of noodles __________ you ___________?
----We have beef, chicken, mutton, cabbage, potato, tomato, …
----OK. I’d like mutton and potato noodles, please.
----Sure. And what size would you like?
----What sizes _________ you __________?
----We have _________, __________ and ___________ bowls.
----Oh, a ___________(中) bowl, please.
----Is that all?
----That’s all right.
4. I like mplings, fish ______ orange juice. 5. I don’t like onions, green tea ______ porridge.
6. At the House of Dumplings, we have _________ _______ ________(一些很棒的特色食品)!
7. Special 1 __________ beef and onions, and is just RMB10 __________ 15.
8. __________(来) and _________(吃) your mplings today!
9. What size of dessert would you like? _____ ______ ______ ______(小的、中等的还是大的)?
10. Would you like __________ ___________? 11. That’ll be thirty-two RMB.
Units 9-10重点词组
在周六早上_________ ________ __________ last weekend_______________________
在下午_______ ________ __________ 有点难____________ ___________ ___________
上个月_______ ______ 整天______ ______ 度假______ ______ 挺……的_______ ______
迷路___________ ____________ 悲伤be ___________
打扫房子__________ ___________ __________ 打扫房间clean the room
为我做饭______ _______ _______ _________ 做作业_________ one’s __________
做阅读_________ ___________ __________
洗东西_________ __________ ___________ 做运动_________ __________
享受周末__________ _________ ___________ 感到高兴_________ _________
发现某人正在做某事________ somebody _________something
回家_________ __________ 出去散步__________ (________) for a walk
去买东西go _____________ 去一个美丽沙滩go to a __________ __________
去夏令营go to __________ ___________ 去图书馆go to __________ ＿＿＿＿＿＿
去电影院go to ＿＿＿＿＿ __________ 去池塘go to ___________ ___________
去大山里go to ________ _________ 度过一个忙碌的周末/一天have a busy weekend/day
开晚会_________ ________ _______ 做事中获得乐趣_______ _______ doing something
帮某人做某事_______ somebody (to) do something 寻找__________ __________
让某人做某事make somebody _________ something 下棋__________ _________
玩电子游戏_________ _________ __________ 踢足球_________ _________
和我的朋友踢足球_________ __________ __________ my friends
做运动________ _________ 打网球__________ ___________
打排球_________ __________ 弹吉他__________ ___________ ___________
和某人玩_________ _________ somebody 练习英语___________ ___________
练习吉他_________ __________ 坐下____________ ___________
呆在家里_________ ________ ______ 为数学考试准备________ ________ the math test
为考试准备_________ __________ ___________ 学习地理___________ __________
拜望朋友__________ ___________ 参观博物馆___________ __________
看电影__________ _________ __________ 看电视___________ ___________
观察某人做某事________ somebody ____ something
Unit 9 重点句子
1. ----How was your weekend?
----It was ________（棒极了）! / It was _______（好）. / It ________（不是）very good.
2. ----What __________ you _________(do) last weekend?
----I _________(stay) at home and _____ ______ ____ ______ _______（为数学考试准备）.
----__________ ____________ your friend, Carol?
----She __________（去看望）her aunt.
3. __________ __________ ___________（在周六晚上）, Lucy went to the movies.
4. __________ __________ ___________（对于大多数孩子）, the weekend was fun.
5. On Saturday afternoon, five kids _______ _______（去购物）, and three went to the library.
6. I _________ __________ __________ ____________（过了一个忙碌的周末）.
7. On Saturday morning, I went to the library. I ______ ______ _____ ______ ________（读了一本关于历史的书）
8. Do you think everyone ___________ ___________ ___________（享受周末）?
Ⅸ 初一下册英语人教版语法知识点 例:be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
be busy doing sth.表示忙于做某事
be busy with sth.也可表示忙于做某事
Ⅹ 初中新目标英语语法知识点
动词时态是英语语法的重点，下面把初中的动词时态给你梳理了一下。希望对你有所帮助。
一般现在时的用法
1） 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如：
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3） 表示格言或警句。例如：
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
4） 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：
I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。
比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。
第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。
11.2 一般过去时的用法
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如：
Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。
3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ，例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
would （had） rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。例如：I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含义：她已不在人间。）
Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含义：她现在还活着）
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）
注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：
Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗？
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。
2）情态动词 could, would。例如：
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗？
11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如：
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。
be used to + doing： 对……已感到习惯，或"习惯于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。例如：
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。
典型例题
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。
11.4 一般将来时
1） shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如：
Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？
2） be going to +不定式，表示将来。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？
b. 计划，安排要发生的事。例如：The play is going to be proced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。
3） be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如：
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4） be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。例如：
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时，be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如：
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如：
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排）
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排）
11.7 一般现在时表将来
1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。
2）以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如：
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
3）在时间或条件句中。例如：
When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。
4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如：
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。
11.8 用现在进行时表示将来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如：
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？
11.9 现在完成时
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have （has） +过去分词。
11.10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时
1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。
共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如：
I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）
Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）
Who hasn't handed in his paper? （强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争）
He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续）
He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续）
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
11.11 用于现在完成时的句型
1）It is the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如：
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。
注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late
2）This is +形容词最高级+that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。例如：
This is the best film that I've （ever） seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
11.12 比较since和for
Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如：
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。
注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. （我现在已不在这里工作。）
I have worked here for many years.（现在我仍在这里工作。）
注意：用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。
1）（对） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2）（错） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
11.13 since的四种用法
1） since +过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six）。例如：
I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在这儿。
2） since +一段时间+ ago。例如：
I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿，已经有五个月了。
3） since +从句。例如：
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，变化可大了。
Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后，变化可大了。
4） It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如：
It is two years since I became a postgraate student. 我考上研究生有两年了。
11.14 延续动词与瞬间动词
1） 用于完成时的区别
延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如：
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 （表结果）
I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。（表经历）
2） 用于till / until从句的差异
延续动词用于肯定句，表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示"到……，才……"。例如：
He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来。
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。
典型例题
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。
11.15 过去完成时
1） 概念：表示过去的过去
----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2） 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如：
She said （that）she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如：
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"。例如：
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。
3） 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如：
He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年，爱迪生开始自己谋生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
汤姆失望了，因为他到达晚会时，大部分客人已经走了。
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。
注意： had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如：
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门，他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如：
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。
11.16 用一般过去时代替过去完成时
1） 两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。例如：
When she saw the mouse，she screamed. 她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。
2 ） 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。例如：
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3） 叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。例如：
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
11.17 将来完成时
1） 构成will have done
2） 概念
a. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如：
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。
b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如：
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此时，你已经到达上海了。
11.18 现在进行时
现在进行时的基本用法：
a. 表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。例如：
We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。
b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）
c. 表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：
The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。
d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。
典型例题
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
11.19 不用进行时的动词
1）表示事实状态的动词，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如：I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。
2）表示心理状态的动词，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如：I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。
He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。
3）瞬间动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如：
I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。
4）系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如：
You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。
11.20 过去进行时
1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。
3） 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如：
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。
It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。
典型例题
1） Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
2） As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read；was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell（fall的过去时），是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。