❶ 初二英语下册语法重点
下册主要就是被动语态啦被动语态的主要用法
一.定义
语态是动词的一种形式,它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者,或者是说动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的,则用被动语态。
■当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,常用被动语态,这时往往不用by短语。
The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天,教室的前窗被打破了。(不知谁打破的)
They have been poorly paid. 他们的工资太低。(没必要指出工资是谁付的)
■突出或强调动作的承受者,如果需要说出动作的执行者,用by短语。
The time-table has been changed. 时间表已变动了。(要突出的是“时间”)
These books are written especially for children. 这些书是专门为孩子们写的。(强调的是“”这些书)
■为了使语言得体或圆滑等不愿意说出动作的执行者。如:
You are requested to make a speech at next meeting. 请您在下次会议上作个发言。
It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 据说她要嫁给一个外国人。
■出于修辞的原因,或是说为了更好地安排句子。如:
The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area. 这个提议特别遭到了那些在本地区投资很大的人的反对。(因those的定语太长了,若用它作主语,主语与谓语就相距太远而显得句子松散。)
8种常用时态的被动语态
由“助动词be + 动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be 有时态、人称和数的变化。
(1) 一般现在时:am/is/are +过去分词。如:
Rice is grown in south China. 华南种植水稻。
(2) 一般过去时:was/were+过去分词。如:
The glass was broken yesterday. 这块玻璃是昨天打烂的。
(3) 现在进行时:am/is/are being +过去分词。如:
The project is being carried out. 这个计划正在执行中。
(4) 过去进行时:was/were/being +过去分词。如:
This road was being built this time last year. 这条路去年这个时候还在修建。
(5) 一般将来时:will be +过去分词。如:
The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 这些汽车将由水路运往国外。
(6) 过去将来时:would be +过去分词。如:
The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 经理说这个工程在年底前将会完成。
(7) 现在完成时:have/has been +过去分词。如:
This novel has been translated into several languages. 这本小说已被译成了几种语言。
(8) 过去完在时:had been +过去分词。如:
When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 我到达剧院时,发现票已卖完了。
❷ 初二下册英语(人教版)的语法
一、被动语态概述
语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般说来,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。
如:
Heopenedthedoor.他打开了这扇门。(主动语态)
Thedoorwasopened.这扇门被打开了。(被动语态)
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。
1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种,现以动词clean为例列表说明:
2、被动语态的句式变化:
以一般现在时和动词invite为例,列表说明被动语态的句式变化:
3、含有情态动词的被动语态
情态动词的被动语态结构为:情态动词+be+过去分词;其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成,"be+过去分词"部分不变。如:
Tablescanbemadeofstone.桌子可由石头制造。
.那时桌子可由石头制造。(一般过去时)
Cantablesbemadeofstone?桌子能用石头制造吗?(疑问句)
三、主动语态变为被动语态
转换图示:
1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤:
(1)将主动句的宾语变为主语:
注意:如果主动句的宾语是代词,需将其由宾格变为主格。如:
Tomkilledhim.→HewaskilledbyTom.
(2)将动词改为"be+过去分词"。
注意:Theyheldameetingyesterday.→.他们昨天开会了。
(3)将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。
注意:如果原主语是代词,则应由主格变为宾格。
Hesangasong.→Asongwassungbyhim.
2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项:
含有双宾语,即直接宾语(常指事物)和间接宾语(常指人)的句子,每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语,即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。
Jacktolsthetruth.杰克告诉了我们真相。
WeweretoldthetruthbyJack.
Thetruthwastold(to)usbyJack.
四、动词的主动形式表示被动之意
系动词无被动语态:以主动形式表示被动之意
常见的系动词有:
①be动词
②……起来(7个):look/seem/appear,feel(感觉,摸起来),sound,smell,taste
e.g.Sheseems/appearshappy.Itsmellsterrible.
③(逐渐)变得/变成:become,grow,get,turn,come,go
e.g.Hiswishhascometrue.
.
Thetreeisgrowingtall.
④保持:keep,stay
e.g..
五、下列动词(词组)没有被动式:
1、happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,take
2、不及物动词sell,wash,read,write,open,close,shut,lock,wear等,常用主动形式表示被动意义。
○1、.(×)昨天发生了一起事故。
Anaccidenthappenedyesterday.
○2、Theflowersmellssweet.这花闻起来很香。
○3、Thewatchlooksgood.这表看起来很好。
○4、Thisbooksellswell.这本书畅销。
○5、Thekindofclothwasheswell.这种布很容易洗。
○6、Thearticlereadswell.这篇文章读起来很好。
○7、Thesupermarketopensat8:00inthemorning.超市在早上八点钟营业。
○8、Thedoorwon'tclose/shut.这门关不上。
○9、Thedoorlockseasily.这门容易锁。
○10、Thismaterialwearswell(won'twear).这种材料耐久(不耐久)
望采纳!!谢谢!!!
❸ 八年级下册英语语法大全
a pair of一双,一对
ask for 请求
ask sb (not) to do sth叫某人干
agree with赞同
all year round一年到头,全年
all kinds of各种,各样
all the time一直
argue with与争吵
around the world在世界各地
arrive in/at到达
at least至少
at a meeting在开会
at first首先
as…as possible尽可能
as…as象一样
be able to能够
be angry with 生气
be mad at对感到气愤
be good at擅长于
be careful小心
be allowed被允许
be surprised惊讶
be supposed to被期望/被要求
be interested in对感兴趣
break the rule打破规则
by the way顺便
complain about抱怨
come along出现,发生
come true实现,达到
come in进来
cut in line插队
call sb. up打电话给
do/wash the dishes洗碗
drop litter乱扔垃圾
do well in在方面做得好
enjoy /finish doing sth喜欢/完成某事
end up结束
fall in love with爱上
fall asleep入睡
far from远离
first of all首先
fly to飞向
find out找到
…find it adj. to do sth
keep…down压低声音
keep out不让进入
look for寻找
look smart 看起来精干
look after照顾
look through浏览
let (sb) in让进
let sbget along相处
get over克服
get annoyed生气
get bored厌烦
get an ecation受教育
get on (well) with与相处(好)
get injured受伤
give sb sth/give sth to sb给某人某物
give away赠送
go skating去溜冰
go out of从出去/来
have a fight with与打架/争吵
have a surprise party举行惊讶聚会
have a great/good time玩得愉快
have been to曾到过
hear about/of听说
hundreds of好几百
had better (not) do sth最好做
in a minute一会儿
in 100 years100年后
in good health身体健康
in front of 在前面
in the future 未来,将来
in the front of在前面
in the playground在操场
in/out of style时髦/过时
in silence默默地
in order to目的
in (Russian) style具有俄国风格
in public places在公共场合
It take sb some time to do sth.花费某人时间干某事
the same as与相同
try (not) to do sth尽力(不)干
three quarters四分之三
turn on/off打开/关掉
turn up/down开大/关小
talk to/with与谈话
take care of照顾
take part in参加
take off起飞take away拿走
take place发生
take an interest in对感兴趣
take care (not) to do小心(不)做
thanks for (doing)谢谢(做)
wait in line排队等候
want to do sth/would like to do sth 想干
make sb do sth使某人干
make a living (doing sth)谋生
make money赚钱
make friends with与交友
more than多于
need to do sth 需要干
not…anymore不再
not…until直到为止
not at all一点也不
on (my tenth) birthday在(我十岁)生日
on the phone在通话
on the one/other hand在一(另)方面
open up打开
put out熄灭
pick…up捡起
pass (sth) on (to sb)传递
pay for 付款
part-time job兼职工作
run out of用尽
run away逃跑
rather than胜于
right away立刻,马上
spend…on/(in) doing sth花费
seem to do sth好象干
sleep late睡懒觉
see sb do/doing sth看某人做/在做
start/begin to do/doing sth 开始干某事
adj.(special) enough够(特别
There will be fewer/less…
--What should I do?
--You should do…
--what were you doing when…?
--I was (doing)…when…
While he was (doing)…,a girl called the police.
If you wear jeans to the party, the teachers won’t let you in.
--How long have you been skating?
--I’ve been skating since nine o’clock/for five hours.
Would you mind (not) doing sth?
Could you please (not) do sth?
Why don’t you /not (do sth)?
How/What about sth/doingsth?
do sth 让某人干
❹ 八年级下册英语学过的所有语法总结!
人教版新目标8年级下英语语法重点
Unit
1
Will
people
have
robots?
重点语法:一般将来时态的应用
Unit
2
What
should
I
do?
重点语法:过去将来时态(将来时态的委婉说法)
Unit
3
What
were
you
doing
when
the
UFO
arrived?
重点语法:过去进行时态
Unit
4
He
said
I
was
hard-working.
重点语法:宾语从句
Unit
5
If
you
go
to
the
party,
you'll
have
a
great
time!
重点语法:if
引导的条件状语从句
Unit
6
How
long
have
you
been
collecting
shells?
重点语法:现在完成进行时态
Unit
7
Would
you
mind
turning
down
the
music?
重点语法:mind
[one's]
doing
sth.
介意(某人)做某事
Unit
8
Why
don't
you
get
her
a
scarf?
重点语法:询问别人为什么要做或者不做某事
Unit
9
Have
you
ever
been
to
an
amusement?
重点语法:现在完成时态
Unit
10
It's
a
nice
day,
isn't
it?
重点语法:反意疑问句
http://wenku..com/view/49fd2ffff705cc1755270929.html
❺ 初二英语下册语法
去年整理的,是这个吧?
Unit 1
1. 在人们家中 in people's home
2. 在家通过电脑学习 study at home on computers
3. 将来 in the future
4. 免费的 be free
5. 活到200岁 live to be 200 years old
6. 一百年之后 in 100 years
7. 一张纸 a piece of paper
8. 更多/更少的树 more / few trees
9. 更多/更少的污染 more / less pollution
10. 更少使用地铁 use the subway less
11. 更多使用…… use sth. a lot
12. 同意某人的意见 agree with sb.
13. 与……谈话 talk to / with sb.
14. 使用某物做某事 use sth. to do
15. 在上小学 be in elementary school
16. 住在一间公寓 live in an apartment
17. 乘坐火箭到月球 fly rockets to the moon
18. 爱上…… fall in love with …
19. 独自居住 live alone easye.2000y.net
20. 能够做某事 be able to do sth.
21. 去香港度假 go to Hong Kong on vacation
22. 世界杯 the World Cup
23. 飞到月球度假 fly to the moon for vacation
24. 有朝一日 one day
25. 为某人工作 work for sb.
26. 看起来精神 look smart
27. 实现 come trueeasye.2000y.net
28. 预言未来 predict the future
29. 看见某人做某事 see sb. do / doing
30. 数以百计的 hundreds of
31. 在太空 in space
32. 拥有某人自己的机器人 have one's own robot
33. 科幻小说 science fiction movies
34. 帮助某人做家务 help with the housework
35. 与……做同样的事 do the same things as sb.
36. 叫醒某人 wake upeasye.2000y.net
37. 与……交朋友 make friends with sb.
38. 某地有某人在做某事 there be sb. / sth doing sth.
39. 看起来更像 look more like
40. 一遍又一遍地 over and over again
41. 有更少的工作去做 have less work to do
42. 做某事有趣 be fun to do
43. 在25年到50年之后 in 25 to 50 years
Unit 2
1. 挡住;阻止……进入 keep out
2. 与……某人就某事争吵 argue with sb. about sth.
3. 与……争吵 have an argument with sb. = argue with sb.
4. 告诉某人(不要)做某事 tell sb. (not ) to do sth.
5. 得到一份兼职的工作 get a part-time job
6. 打开 turn oneasye.2000y.net
7. 把……声音放得太大 play … too loud
8. 给……写信 write sb. a letter
9. 给……打电话 call sb. up
10. 一场球赛的票 a ticket to a ball game
11. 使……惊讶 surprise sb.
12. 支付…… pay for
13. 从……借…… borrow sth. from sb.
14. 为某人买某物 buy sb. sth.
15. 不知道 have no ideaeasye.2000y.net
16. 有同样的发型 have the same haircut
17. 查明 find outeasye.2000y.net
18. 请家教 get a tutor
19. 需要去做 need to do
20. 邀请某人去做某事 invite sb. to do sth.
21. 把某物落在家里 leave sth at home
22. 做某事失败 fail (in) sth.
23. 与……相处融洽 get on well with sb.
24. 与……相同的 be the same as
25. 归还某物 return sth.
26. 在字典中查找…… look up … in a dictionary
27. 与……打架 have a fight with sb.
28. 与……比较 compare with
29. 向……抱怨某事 complain to sb. about sth.
30. 感觉处于(太多的)压力之下 be / feel under (too much) pressure
31. 买不同的衣服 get different clothes
32. 把……从一个地方带到另一个地方 take sb from 名词 to 名词
33. 直到……才…… not … until …
34. 尽可能多地充实到孩子们的生活中来 fit as much as possible into their kids lives
35. 屡见不鲜 nothing neweasye.2000y.net
36. 厉害地强迫某人 push sb. hard
37. 总是在做某事 be always doing
38. 计划做某事 plan to do
39. 一方面 on the one hand
40. 另一方面 on the other hand
41. 从很小的年龄开始 start from a very young age
Unit 3
1. 到达 arrive at / get to / reach
2. 在……前面 in front of
3. 在……的前部 in the front of
4. 在理发师的椅子上 in / on the barber's chair
5. 睡懒觉 sleep lateeasye.2000y.net
6. 在电话中交谈 talk on the phone
7. 航天博物馆 the Museum of Flight
8. 降落在中央大街上 land on Center Street
9. 报警 call the police
10. 沿着街道走 walk down / along the street
11. 起飞/脱下 take off
12. 有一次不寻常的经历 have an unusual experience
13. 大约在10点钟 at around ten o'clock
14. 跟着某人做某事/去某地 follow sb. to do / 地点
15. 对……感到惊讶 be surprised / amazed at
16. 在树上 in the tree / on the tree
17. 朝……喊叫 shout to sb. / shout at sb.
18. 在火车站 at the train station
19. 逃跑 run awayeasye.2000y.net
20. 沿着……走 walk around
21. 纽约市 New York City / the city of the New York
22. 对……说 say to sb.
23. 飞往纽约的航班 the flight to New York
24. 在医生的诊所 at the doctor's
25. 看望住院的姨妈 visit aunt in hospital
26. 2008年奥运会 the 2008 Olympics
27. 记得做过/去做某事 remember doing / to do sth.
28. 在历史上 in history
29. 在现代美国历史上 in modern American history
30. 最重要的事件之一 one of the most important events
31. 听说 hear about / of
32. 多于;超过 more than
33. 玩得高兴 have fun / have a good time / enjoy oneself
34. 沉默地做某事 do sth. in silence
35. 在当今时代 in recent times
36. 被……毁坏 be destroyed by
37. 对……有意义 have meaning to
38. 在太空 in spaceeasye.2000y.net
39. 与(不与)……一样 … as … as / not as / so … as
40. 环绕地球 around the world
41. 一个民族英雄 a national hero
42. 全世界 all over the world / around the world
43. 因/作为……而著名 be famous for / as
44. 第一次做某事 do sth. for the first time
45. 日常活动 everyday activities
Unit 4
1. 看肥皂剧 watch soap operas
2. 举行一次惊喜晚会 have a surprise party
3. 在周五晚上 on Friday night
4. 生某人的气 be mad at sb.
5. 首先 first of alleasye.2000y.net
6. 做课外家庭作业 do a homework project
7. 递给某人某物 pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb.
= pass on sth. to sb. = pass sth. on to sb.
8. 在公共汽车站 at the bus stop
9. 理应做某事 be supposed to do
10. 擅长be good at = do well in
11. 很抱歉做某事 be sorry to do sth.
12. 感冒 have / catch a cold
13. 身体健康 be in good health
14. 一次期末考试 an end-of-year exam
15. 在某事方面感到费劲 have a hard time with
16. 做某事很吃惊 be surprised to do
17. 捎去某人的问候 send one's love
18. 到现在为止 for noweasye.2000y.net
19. 抄袭别人的家庭作业 others' homework
20. 传些口信 pass on some messages
21. 大打一架 have a big fight
22. 忘记去做某事 forget to do
23. 养成一个坏习惯 start a bad habit
24. 克服 get overeasye.2000y.net
25. 改变某人的生活 change one's life = change the life of sb.
26. 在一个贫困的山村 in a poor mountain village
27. 听起来像 sound like
28. 一个北京大学的毕业生 a Peking University graate
29. 一个为期一年的计划 a one-year program
30. 由……发起 be started by
31. 教育部 the Ministry of Ecation
32. 派人去做某事 send sb. to do
33. 对某人来说是一个新的经历 be a new experience for sb.
34. 海拔2000米 2000 meters above sea level
35. 使某人觉得恶心 make sb. feel sick
36. 经历不同的事 experience different things
37. 打开某人对外面世界的视野 open up one's eyes to the outside world
38. 给某人生活一个好的开始 give sb. a good start in life
39. 在某人的生活中有一个好的影响 be a good influence in one's life
40. 关爱地球母亲 care for“Mother Earth”
41. 无国界医生 Doctors Without Borders
42. 濒危野生动物 wild animals in danger
43. 处于危险之中 be in danger
44. 脱离危险 be out of danger
Unit 5
1. 去参加晚会 go to the party
2. 玩得高兴 have a great time
3. 让某人进 let ineasye.2000y.net
4. 备考 study for one's test
5. 一半的同学 half the class
6. 岁末晚会 end of year party
7. 穿牛仔裤 wear jeans
8. 把……拿走 take away
9. 在晚会期间 ring the party
10. 校大扫除 school clean-up
11. 儿童医院探视 Children's Hospital visit
12. 环球旅行 travel around the world
13. 获得教育 get an ecation
14. 足球代理人 professional soccer player
15. 谋生 make a living
16. 似乎 seem like sth. / doing sth.
17. 梦想的职业 dream job
18. 捐给慈善机构 give … to charity
19. 一直 all the time
20. 受伤 get injured
21. 很难做某事 have a difficult / hard time
22. 实际上 in facteasye.2000y.net
23. 能够 be able to/can
24. 手机 mobile phone
25. 与某人度过时光 spend time with sb.
Unit 6
1. 收集贝壳 collect shells
2. 滑冰马拉松 skating marathon
3. 你第一双滑冰鞋 your first pair of skates
4. 募捐 raise moneyeasye.2000y.net
5. 整整五小时 the whole five hours
6. 三年半 three and a half years
7. 填充动物玩具 stuffed animals
8. 妖怪雪球 snow glob of the monster
9. 用光 run out ofeasye.2000y.net
10. 在我十七岁生日时 on my seventeenth birthday
11. 顺便说一下 by the way
12. 最常见的 the most common
13. 送某人某物 send sb. sth.
14. 才艺表演 a talent show
15. 额外的英语课 extra English class
16. 古币 old coinseasye.2000y.net
17. 自由话题 free topic
18. 想起 think of
19. 著名人物 famous characters
20. 黑龙江省会 the capital of Heilongjiang Province
21. 具有丰富多彩的历史 with a colorful history
22. 欧洲的影响 European influence
23. 苏联风格 in Russian style
24. 家史 family history
25. 惊奇 be surprised
26. 受到……的欢迎 be welcomed by
27. 宋朝皇帝 the Song Emperor
28. 西方历史 western history
29. 越……越 the +比较级 … the +比较级
30. 确信 be certain that / to do
Unit 7
1. 介意做某事 mind doing sth.
2. 调小/大 turn down / up
3. 洗餐具 do the dishes
4. 从……里出来 get out of
5. 立即 right away / at once
6. 一会儿 in a minute
7. 在开会 be at the meeting
8. 完成这些工作 finish these tasks
9. 在厨房里 in the kitchen
10. 帮某人做某事 help sb. do / with sth.
11. 抱怨 complain about sth.
12. 商店职员 store clerk
13. 给你拿错了食品 bring you the wrong food
14. 不好使 don't work
15. 恼怒 get annoyed
16. 排队等候 wait in line
17. 长时间的电话聊天 have a long telephone conversation
18. 到处跟着我 follow me around
19. 回到…… go back to
20. 一直 all the timeeasye.2000y.net
21. 碰巧发生在某人身上 happen to sb.
22. 试着不做某事 try not to do sth.
23. 加号 cut in line
24. 有点晚 a bit late
25. 定购食物 order food
26. 压低你的声音 keep your voice down
27. 讲英语的国家 English-speaking country
28. 社会行为 social behavior
29. 与某人站的近 stand close to sb.
30. 亚洲国家 Asian country
31. 在各种条件下 in all situations
32. 即使 even ifeasye.2000y.net
33. 当众 in public
34. 小心 take care to do sth.
35. 熄灭香烟 put out the cigarette
36. 被批评 be criticized
37. 扔垃圾 drop litter
38. 捡起 pick upeasye.2000y.net
39. 表现礼貌 behave politely
40. 依靠 depend on
41. 地方报纸 local newspaper
Unit 8
1. 幸运儿 lucky guy
2. 做一顿特别的饭 make a special meal
3. 你自己的选择 your own choices
4. 大腹便便的猪 a pot-bellied pig
5. 好伙伴 good company
6. 带某人出去 take sb. out to do
7. 睡着 fall asleep
8. 半途中 half wayeasye.2000y.net
9. 树上的一片叶子 a leaf from a tree
10. 赠送 give away
11. 公园长椅 park bench
12. 试着做某事 try to do sth.
13. 通过不同的方式 in different ways
14. 来自于中国各地 from across China
15. 在舞台上 on stage
16. 各种年龄层 all age groups
17. 鼓励某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth.
18. 取得进步 make progress
19. 奥委会 the Olympic Committee
20. 从……中得到乐趣 have fun with sth.
21. 讲本族语的人 native speakers
22. 使某要对某事感兴趣 make sb interested in
Unit 9
1. 太空博物院 space museum
2. 游乐场 amusement park
3. 水上乐园 water park
4. 曾经到过某个地方 have been to
5. 到某个地方去了 have gone to
6. 呆在某个地方 have been in
7. 既不……也不;两者都不 neither … nor …
8. 听说 hear ofeasye.2000y.net
9. 迪斯尼人物 Disney character
10. 主题公园 a theme park
11. 当然 of course
12. 过山车 a roller coaster
13. 以……为主题 be themed by
14. 四处走动 walk around
15. 总是一直 all the time
16. 迪斯尼巡游 Disney Cruise
17. 兜风 take a ride
18. 在船上 on board
19. 走不同的路线 take different routes
20. 结束 end upeasye.2000y.net
21. 空中乘务员 a flight attendant
22. 导游 a tour guide
23. 象……这样的 such as
24. 考虑 think about
25. 胜于,而不是 rather than
26. 在东南亚 in Southeast Asia
27. 度假 take a holiday
28. 在一方面 on the one hand
29. 在另一方面 on the other hand
30. 超过 多余 more than
31. 四分之三 three quarters
32. 三分之一 one third
33. 做某事有困难 have some problem doing
34. 不管 还是 whether or
35. 夜狩 night safari
36. 在白天 ring the daytime
37. 在更自然的环境里 in a more natural environment
38. 全年 all year round
39. 靠近 be close to
Unit 10
1. 闲聊 small talk
2. 祝一天愉快 have a good day
3. 浏览;粗略看一遍 look through
4. 排队等候 wait in line
5. 穿过一条繁忙的街道 cross a busy street
6. 开场白 open questions
7. 感谢函 Thank-you note
8. 想要 feel likeeasye.2000y.net
9. 出现;陪伴 come along
10. 融洽相处 get along
11. 想起 think of
12. 有一个家宴 have a family dinner
13. 交通拥挤 heavy traffic
14. 至少 at least
❻ 初二下册英语知识归纳(语法,短语。。。)
need to do sth需要做某事(人做主语)
need doing sth需要做某事(物做主语)
hear sb do sth听到某人做过某事
hear sb doing sth听到某人正在做某事
hear of +sb/sth听到或知道某人某物
hear about +sth听到关于某事物的消息
hear from sb 收到某人来信
stop to do sth停下来去做某事
stop doing sth停止做某事
go on to do sth接着去做某事
go on doing sth继续做某事
remember to do sth记住去做某事
remember doing sth记住做过某事
forget to do sth忘记去做某事
forget doing sth忘记做过某事
be angry with sb对某人生气
be angry at sth对某事很生气
like to do sth喜欢做某事(强调一次性的动作)
like doing sth喜欢做某事(泛指长期性习惯性地)
hate to do sth讨厌做某事(强调一次性的动作)
hate doing sth讨厌做某事(泛指长期性习惯性地)
refuse to do sth拒绝做某事
try to do sth设法或努力去做某事
try doing sth尝试着做某事
be afraid to do sth害怕做某事
be afraid of (doing) sth害怕(做)某事
warn sb of/about sth警告某人
warn sb (not)to do sth警告某人(不要)做某事
learn to do sth学习做某事
agree to do sth同意做某事
hope/wish to do sth希望做某事
decide to do sth决定做某事
begin/start to do sth开始做某事
in the end=at last=finally最后
sth happen to sb某事发生在某人身上
give an interview接受采访
make sb+adj\do sth使某人……\让某人做某事
be\become interested in sth/doing sth对……感兴趣
win取胜(比赛)
beat打败(人)
interested 有趣的(修饰人)
interesting有趣的(修饰物)
exciting激动人心的(修饰物)
excited激动人心的(修饰人)
relaxing放松的(修饰物)
relaxed放松的(修饰人)
surpised惊奇的(修饰人)
surpising惊奇的(修饰物)
be made from由…制成(看不出原材料)
be made of由…制成(看得出原材料)
see/hear sb do sth 看到/听见某人做某事
want to do sth=would like to do sth想要做某事
would like sth想要某物
would like sb to do sth想要/愿意某人做某事
too much太多
much too非常
be dangerous ……是危险的
be in danger ……处于危险中
in the dangerous陷入困境
in dangerous濒危灭绝
take up占据时间或空间
tidy up收拾 整理
look after=take care of照顾
help sb(to) do/with sth帮助某人做某事
spend…on/doing sth花时间/金钱干某事
as a result of= because of因为 由于
come out出版 发行 发芽 开花 出来
hold the line=hold on for a moment=wait for a moment稍等,别挂电
right now=at the moment=now 现在
right now=right away=at once立刻,马上
invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事
invite sb to sw 邀请某人去某地
good luck with sth祝某事物好运
good luck to sb 祝某人好运
a couple of 几个两个 表示同类的物体但不是成对的
a pair of 表示成双成对的
in fact=actually事实上
by the way 顺便说一声
far away 遥远的
far(away)from 离……远
alone独自一人的(表状态)
lonely寂寞的(表感觉)
after all 毕竟
be afraid to do sth=be afraid of (doing)sth害怕(做)某事
make friends with 与某人交朋友
worry about=be worried about担心 担忧
don't mention it=you're welcome=That'okay=That'all right=Not at all 不客气
look out=be carefully=look out for小心
look out of朝……外看
look for寻找
look like看上去像
look forward to 盼望
look up查找
look after=take care of照顾
look over检查身体
look through浏览
look down on(upon)轻视 看不起
look around/round四处看看
look like …看起来像…(比较的人或物分别放在前后作主语和宾语)
look the same …看起来像(比较的人或物都放在前面作主语)
as if好像(后面接句子)
be on上演
thank you for……=thanks for因…而感谢
ask for job 求职
once a week一周一次
use…for… 用…来做…
take off卸下、起飞、脱下、休假
land in降落
put on穿上
turn off/out 关上
turn on 打开
turn up开大一点
turn down开大一点
pick up 拿起
动词+宾语+身体部位 攻击某人身体部位
stay cool保持冷静
stop talking 停止谈话
be business 出差
rather…than… 宁可…也不…
steal one's sth偷某人某物
steal sth from sb偷某人某物
on one's way to在……路上
take sb around=show sb around带领某人参观某地
join=take part in参加
decide to do sth决定干某事
come this way 这边走
the latest news最新消息
introce …to… 把……介绍给…
too …to… 太…而不能
prefer A to B AB之间更喜欢A
connect A to/with B 把A与B连接
so that为了 表目的
so…that…如此…以至于
neither…or…两者都不
either…or…两者都
not only …but also不但……而且
both …and…不但…而且…
appear出现
disappear消失
weather…or not是否
the end of ……末
the beginning of ……的开头
at the end of 在……结尾
at the beginning of 在……开始
in the end of=at last=finally 最后
pocket momney零花钱
whatever无论什么
whoever无论谁
whichever无论哪个
whenever无论何时
wherever无论何地
动名词表达的是:状态 性质 心境 抽象 经常性 已发生的
不定式表达的是:目的 结果 原因 具体 一次性 将发生的
may引导的疑问句当否定回答时may要变must
must引导的疑问句当否定回答时must要变need
it seem that 好像
an interesting place名胜
all together一起
rather A than B 不是 B而是A
keep doing sth坚持做某事
as a result of=because of 因为 由于
at the age of在……岁时
be late for干…迟到
keep(on) +动词ing
enjoy+动词ing
miss+动词ing
finish+动词ing
consider+动词ing
suggest+动词ing
practice+动词ing
agree with同意
in person亲自
talk about 谈论
be proud of 以…自豪
in the background 在幕后
be able to do能够、会做某事
among 在…中间(三者以上)
between在…中间(两者之间)
in front of 在…前面(物体外)
in the front of在…前面(物体内)
think of sb/sth想起觉得
think about sb/sth考虑
take place发生 (非偶然或有计划的)
happen发生 (偶然或突然性)
awake醒着的--asleep睡着的
have to不得不
hurry up赶快
in a hurry匆忙
hurry to +地点 赶往某地
break up 使粉碎 解散
make a mistake犯错
make sure确认 确保 查明
except 除…以外(表示从整体中减去一部分)
except for 除…以外(把某一点除外)
besides 除…以外(表示并非真正排除)
true to life很逼真
face to face面对面
in one's opinion以某人的观点
come on (灯)亮起来 加油
play a joke on sb 开玩笑在某人身上
play a joke with sb 和某人开玩笑
at the moment用于现在时表示"片刻"的意思,
用于过去时表示"那时"的意思
for a moment常与连续性动词连用表示"一会儿,片刻"
for the moment常用于现在时意味"暂时、目前"
as…as you can尽可能…
find out找到…(通过探索观察而发现事实的真相)
discover找到…(发现的对象本来是存在的只是以前不知道)
not at all一点儿也不
bring sth带来某物
get virus中病毒
go wrong出毛病、坏掉.
climb out of爬出
take medicine吃药
make sure确信、有把握
worry about担心(表动作)
be worried=worry about
be worried about担心(表状态)
be worried about sb/sth担心某人或某物
although虽然----but 但是(两者不能连用)
because因为 ----so所以(两者同样不能连用)
pull sth off 成功做了某事(难事等)
pull down拆毁(建筑)
pull through克服困难、共度难关
pull together控制(自己)感情
pull out 取出、(火车)离站
…day(s) of …天假
whole day整天
put away把……收起来
put out把火熄灭,把灯关上
put off推辞
put on穿上
put up with容忍,忍受
❼ 初二英语下册重点语法、句型归纳总结
下册主要就是被动语态啦被动语态的主要用法
一.定义
语态是动词的一种形式,它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者,或者是说动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的,则用被动语态。
■当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,常用被动语态,这时往往不用by短语。
The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天,教室的前窗被打破了。(不知谁打破的)
They have been poorly paid. 他们的工资太低。(没必要指出工资是谁付的)
■突出或强调动作的承受者,如果需要说出动作的执行者,用by短语。
The time-table has been changed. 时间表已变动了。(要突出的是“时间”)
These books are written especially for children. 这些书是专门为孩子们写的。(强调的是“”这些书)
■为了使语言得体或圆滑等不愿意说出动作的执行者。如:
You are requested to make a speech at next meeting. 请您在下次会议上作个发言。
It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 据说她要嫁给一个外国人。
■出于修辞的原因,或是说为了更好地安排句子。如:
The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area. 这个提议特别遭到了那些在本地区投资很大的人的反对。(因those的定语太长了,若用它作主语,主语与谓语就相距太远而显得句子松散。)
8种常用时态的被动语态
由“助动词be + 动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be 有时态、人称和数的变化。
(1) 一般现在时:am/is/are +过去分词。如:
Rice is grown in south China. 华南种植水稻。
(2) 一般过去时:was/were+过去分词。如:
The glass was broken yesterday. 这块玻璃是昨天打烂的。
(3) 现在进行时:am/is/are being +过去分词。如:
The project is being carried out. 这个计划正在执行中。
(4) 过去进行时:was/were/being +过去分词。如:
This road was being built this time last year. 这条路去年这个时候还在修建。
(5) 一般将来时:will be +过去分词。如:
The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 这些汽车将由水路运往国外。
(6) 过去将来时:would be +过去分词。如:
The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 经理说这个工程在年底前将会完成。
(7) 现在完成时:have/has been +过去分词。如:
This novel has been translated into several languages. 这本小说已被译成了几种语言。
(8) 过去完在时:had been +过去分词。如:
When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 我到达剧院时,发现票已卖完了。
使用被动语态“六注意”
一要注意被动语态的不同时态
被动语态由“be+过去分词”,其中的助动词 be 根据情况可使用各种不同时态。如:
She is respected by everyone. 她受到大家的尊重。(一般现在时)
The book will be reprinted soon. 这本书很快会重印。(一般将来时)
The road is being repaired. 路正在修整。(现在进行时)
They have been given a warning. 他们受到警告。(现在完成时)
二要注意带情态动词的被动语态
该结构的基本形式为“情态动词+be(或be的适当形式)+过去分词”。这类结构非常有可能作为语境题出现在考卷中。如:
The rules must be obeyed. 这些规章制度必须遵守。
They shouldn’t have been told about it. 这事是不应当告诉他们的。
三要注意非谓语动词的被动语态
1. 不定式一般式的被动语态。由“to be+过去分词”构成。如:
She asked to be given some work to do. 她要求给她一些工作做。
2. 不定式完成式的被动语态。由“to have been+过去分词”构成。如:
I should like to have been told the result earlier. 我本想让人把结果早点告诉我的。
3. 现在分词一般式的被动语态。由“being+过去分词”构成。如:
I saw him being taken away. 我看见有人把他带走了。
4. 现在分词完成式的被动语态。由“having been+过去分词”构成。如:
Having been invited to speak, I’ll start making preparations tomorrow. 因为邀请我去讲话,我明天就得做准备。
5. 动名词一般式的被动语态。由“being+过去分词”构成。如:
He hates being made a fool of. 他讨厌被别人愚弄。
6. 动名词完成式的被动语态。由“having been+过去分词”构成。如:
Jenny’s not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret. 杰妮没受过舞蹈的专业训练是她感到遗憾的事。
After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. 在接到把车开出城的指令后,我开始信心十足了。
注:过去分词没有被动式,因为它本身可以表示被动意义。如:
The door remained locked. 门仍然锁着。
四要注意“get+过去分词”构成的被动语态
英语被动语态通常由“助动词be+过去分词”构成,有时也可用“get+过去分词”构成。如:
James got beaten last night. 詹姆斯昨晚被打了。
但总的说来,用get构成的被动语态不如用be构成的被动语态常见,尤其是在含有施动者的by短语时,用get构成被动语态更是少见。不过有时用be+过去分词构成被动语态构成误解时,人们可能会选get+过去分词来避免这种误解:
The window was broken. 窗户破了(表状态)。/ 窗户被打破了(表动作)
The window got broken. 窗户被打破了(表动作)
五要注意哪些动词不用于被动语态
1. 不及物动词没有被动语态。因为不及物动词没有宾语,所以若将其用于被动语态则没有主语,故不能用于被动语态。但是值得注意的是,有些英语中的不及物动词,译成汉语时却可能是“及物”的,很容易出错,这类动词如:take place(发生),happen(发生),come about(发生),break out(爆发),appear(出现),disappear(消失),last(持续),arise(出现,发生)等:
Influenza usually breaks out in winter. 流感通常发生在冬季。
2. 英语中的静态动词(如have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble 等)通常不用于被动语态:
The young man lacks experience. 这个年轻人缺乏经验。
英语不用被动语态几种的情形
1.谓语为连系动词时,不用被动语态。如:He looked fine. 他气色好。The food tastes delicious. 这食物味道很好。
2. 谓语为不及物动词(短语)时,不用被动语态。如:The war broke out in the end. 战争终于爆发了。
3. 宾语为不定式、动词的-ing 形式或从句,表示主语的一些想法、爱好或愿望时,一般不用被动语态。如:
He decided to go with us. 他决定跟我们一起去。4. 宾语是相互代词、反身代词、同源宾语等时,一般不用被动语态。如:
We should help each other. 我们应该相互帮助。He thinks of himself too much. 他对自己想得太多。
5. 宾语是处所、地点时,一般不用被动语态。如:
We will reach the station in two hours. 我们再过两个小时就会到站了。
6. 谓语部分(动词与宾语) 是一个不可分割的动词短语时,一般不用被动语态。如:
The ship set sail this morning. 这艘轮船今天早晨起航了。
通常不用于被动语态的静态动词
那里的人缺乏食物。正:People there lack food. 误:Food is lacked by people there.
从形式上看,第2句是第1句的相应的被动形式,既然第1句为正句,那么第2句从理论上说应该是成立的。而事实上第2句却是个错句。
在英语中,并不是所有的及物动词都可以用于被动语态的,有些动词(尤其是那些静态动词)尽管它们可以带宾语,但却不用于被动语态,这种动词考生容易弄错,其中主要的有:have,lack,fit,suit,cost,let,like等:
他有一台电脑。正:He has a computer.误:A computer is had by him.
他当时正在洗澡。正:He was taking a bath. 误:A bath was being had by him.
我的鞋不适合。正:My shoes don’t fit me. 误:I am not fitted by my shoes.
这架钢琴花了她6000美元。正:The piano cost her 6000 dollars.
六要注意两类被动句型的相互转换
英语中有一种主动句可以转换成两种被动句型,它们通常是一些表示客观说明的句子。如:
People believed that she is honest. 大家相信她是诚实的。
It’s believed that she is honest. 大家相信她是诚实的。
She is believed to be honest. 大家相信她是诚实的。
比较上面两类被动句型可以发现,一类是“it+be+过去分词+that从句”,另一类则是“主语+be+过去分词+不定式”(其中的“主语”为前一类句型中that从句中的主语),通常可用于这两类被动句型的动词有assume, believe, expect, fear, feel, know, presume, report, say, suppose, think, understand等,比较(同时注意其中时态和动词形式的变化):
It’s known that he was a good singer. / He is known to have been a good singer. 大家知道他曾是位优秀的歌手。
表示“据说”的三类被动句型
❽ 急求初二下册英语所有语法,短语
All
all by oneself 独立,单独
above all 首先,特别是,最重要的是
after all 到底,毕竟
first of all 首先
in all 总共
most of all 最最
all at once 突然,同时,马上
all of a sudden 突然
all over (the world) 遍及(全世界)
all right 好吧,行,情况不错
all sorts of 各种各样的
all kinds of 各种各样的
all (just) the same 尽管如此,仍旧(照样)
all the year round 一年到头
all the way 从远处;自始至终
all the while = all the time = always始终
AS(conj., adv.& pron.)
as…as…与….一样
as a matter of fact 事实上
as a rule 通常
as a result 结果
as a whole 总的来说
as if(as though) 好象
as follows 如下
as for 就….而言
as(so) long as 只要
as soon as 一…就…
as soon as possible 尽快
as usual 象往常一样
as well 也,还
as well as 同。。。。。。一样
might(may) as well 不妨
so as to 以便
At (prep.)
at a time 一次,每次
at breakfast 早餐时,正在吃早饭
at first 最初
at home 在家
at last最后,终于
at least 至少
at (the) most至多,不超过
at one time 以前,曾经
at once 立刻,马上
at night 在夜里,在晚上
at midnight 在半夜
at present 目前,现在
at times =from time to time
=once in a while 有时候
at sea在大海上,在航行
at one’s own expense 自费
at sb’s service 听侯某人的吩咐
at table 在进餐
at the table 在桌旁
at the bottom 在底端
at the end (of) 最后,尽头
at the latest 最迟
at the mercy of 在……的支配下
at the head of 在……的前头
at the moment 此刻
at the same time 同时
at work 在工作
laugh at 嘲笑
throw at向……扔去
come / run / jump at 扑向…
work hard at 努力工作(学习)
By (prep.)
by accident偶然地
by air(sea, bus…)乘飞机(乘船,乘车……)
by chance = by accident 碰巧,偶然地
by day(night) 在白天(夜晚)
day by day 一天天地
by and by 不久
by far得多,最最
learn (know)…by heart 记熟,背诵
by mistake 错误地,由于疏忽所致
by all means
=by any means无论如何,
以任何手段
by oneself 独自地
one by one 一个一个地
by the way 顺便说(问)
by way of …途径…
by turns 轮流
side by side 肩并肩,并排,一起
by the side of 在……附近
Break (v.)
break away from 摆(逃)脱,脱离,破除
break down (机器、车辆等)坏了,(身体)垮了,中断,压倒,分解
break forth 迸发,突然
break in 强行进入,插嘴,打岔,使习惯
break into破门而入,打断,占用
break into tears / laughter 突然大哭 / 大笑
break off突然停止(中断),打断,折断
break out爆发,突然发生
break through 突破,打破
break up分解,驱散,停课,腐蚀,散会,
break the ice = break silence打破沉默/僵局
break the law / rules 违反法律/规则
break a promise 违背诺言
break a record 打破纪录
Bring (v.)
bring about 引起= cause,实现,使发生
bring down 使倒下,使下降,击落,推翻
bring forth 引起,使产生
bring in 收(庄稼),提出,(使)得到(收入),引入,增加,
bring on 使发生,引起
bring out 说明,阐明,出版
bring to an end 结束
bring up抚养,培养,呕吐,提出
Call(v.)
call at (a place) 访问(某地)
call back 回电话
call for要求,需要; 邀约(同往)接,取
call in 来访,召来,召集,请来,收回
call on(upon) 拜访/看望(某人),号召,要求
call up 给…打电话,征召(入伍),叫….起床,使想起(往事)
call off 取消,把…叫开
Catch
1.catch a bad cold
2.catch a bus/train
3.catch fire
4.be caught in the rain/the traffic jam
5.catch hold of
6.catch one’s breath (由于吃惊,害怕等而)屏息, 暂时停止呼吸;缓口气, 歇口气
catch one’s eye 引起注意
catch sight of 看见
catch up with 赶上(某人), 在功课等方面赶上来
catch sb. doing
Come(v.)
in the years to come
come into use 开始被使用
come into view 出现在眼前, 进入视线
come true
how come…? = how does/did it happen?怎么发生的?(某事)怎么解释?
come about 发生,造成
come across /upon(无意中)
碰到,找到,想到,越过
come along 跟去,一道去,赶快,进展
come down 下降,下落,传下来
come into power(office) 执政,就职
come out 出来,出版,发行
come into being/ existence 产生,建立
come to 来到(某地),共计,来参加(活动),谈到,恢复知觉 = come to onself
come to a conclusion 得出结论
come to an end 结束
come to nothing(no good) 没有结果(没有好处)
die
die away (尤指声音、风、光)渐渐消失
die down (物质特性和感情的)逐渐减弱,逐渐平息
die off (一群生物)相继死去
die out (家族, 种族) 灭绝, 死绝 (做法, 观念) 完全消失, 绝迹, 废除
die for sth. / to do sth. 迫切想得到某物/想做某事
Do (v.)
do sb.justice 公道的对待
do without 不用,不吃,不要
That will do!那就行了!
do a good deed 做好事,干得好,搞好工作
do away with 消灭,清除,取消,破除
do good (to sb.) 有好处,有用处,做好事
do harm (to sb.) 有害处,不利
do sb. a favour 帮个忙
do sb. good/ harm 对某人有好处/坏处
do / try one’s best 尽力,竭力
do the deed 付诸行动,生效
do one’s ty 履行职责
do up 收拾,整理,修理,打扮,包,捆
do with 处理,对付,想,将就用
do wonders 创造奇迹
do experiment/ research
do wrong (right) 做错(对)
have sth (nothing)to do with和…有(无)关
Down(adv. Prep.)
bring down 使倒下,击落
break down 分解
burn down把……烧成平地,烧光
get down to sth/ doing sth.开始认真(做某事)
hand down 把……传下来
put down记下,镇压
tear down 拆毁,拆除
turn down 关小,调低,拒绝
down the road /street 沿这条街
For (prep.)
for a while 暂时,一时
for ever 永远
for free免费
for the moment暂时
for one thing, for another (thing)首先,其次
answer for 为…负责
have a gift for 对……有天赋
make a plan for 为……作计划
pay for sth. 付给…的钱
stand for 代表,象征
as for / to…至于,说到
care for 喜欢,想要
change… for用……换
fix a date for 约定……的日期
make / head for…朝…方向走去
leave / set out / start for…动身前往…
send for 派人去叫、请
search for
From (prep.)
date from = date back to 始于,追溯到
come from
be made from
die from / of
suffer from 患…病,受…之苦
prevent sb. from doing
stop / keep sb. from doing
tell…from..把…与…区别开
tell right from wrong 辨别是非
free …from ...使…免受
separate …from 把…与…分开
protect sth / sb. from 保护…是不受…
from beginning to end
from side to side
from place to place
from door to door
from west to east
from time to time = sometimes
Give (v.)
give away捐赠, 让掉, 分发, 分送;泄露(机密), 暴露(自己的情况)
give back还给, 归还;恢复(健康等)
give on/upon 俯瞰, 对着
give over to移交给, 移作…之用
give place to / give way to
让位给, 转而成为
give rise to 引起
give a talk 作报告,作演讲
give birth to 生,产生
give in 让步,屈服,妥协,投降,交上来
give off (散)发出
give one’s life 献出自己的生命
give sb a hand 帮某人忙
give one’s regards(greetings) to向…问好
give out 散发,分发
give up sth/ doing sth. 放弃,交出,投降
Get (v.)
get about (消息)传开,到处走动
get along 进行,过活,相处,走开
get away 逃掉,逃跑
get away from 避免,摆脱,离开
get back 回来,收回
get close to 接近
get down 记下来,打下来,落下
get down on one’s knees 屈膝下跪
get down to 开始认真(做某事)
get into the habit of 染上。。。。。。的习惯
get hold of 拿到,找到,抓住
get in 进站,进去,回来,收进去,请来
get in touch with sb. 与某人取得联系
get off 起飞,(动身)离开,脱下(衣服等)
get on (某方面)进行情况,相处,上车, get on well with 与……相处融洽
get over 克服,忍受,摆脱(疾病等)
get rid of 消灭,摆脱,除掉
get round 传开,绕过,回避
get through 做完,结束,通过(电话)接通
get together 聚会,联欢
get up 起床,站起来,举办
get along with sb. 与某人相处
get around/round to sth. 找到时间做某事, 来得及做某事
get into the habit / hobby of.. 养成…习惯/爱好
get off/on the bus/plane/train
Go (v.)
go ahead开始(做某事), 开始(讲话);
往前走, 走在前面, 先走
go around (疾病)流传, (谣言)传开;满足人人的需要, 足够分配
go back to 可追溯到
go down下降, (价格, 价值, 水平, 质量等) 降低;下沉, 沉没;载入(史册), 传下去
go down with 因…病倒(多指突发病) 无被动
go Dutch 各付各的钱
go fifty-fifty 均分摊, 平分, 合力(做某事)
go from bad to worse 越来越糟, 每况愈下
go halfway (to meet sb.) 作一些妥协让步
go into 调查, 了解, 研究;从事(某一行业);讨论, 细谈;进入(某种状态)
go to extremes/the other extreme 走极端/走到另一个极端
go with 相配
go without 不吃, 没有(供享用) (常指被迫如此)
go for (无被动)攻击, 抨击, 批评;去找(某人), 想法得到(某物)
go after 追求,设法得到
go away 走开,离开
go against 违反,违背
go ahead 进行,进展,用吧,说吧,先走
go all out 全力以赴
go bad(食物等)变坏,坏掉
go by 走过,经过
go in for 爱好,从事(某种事业或活动)
go on 发生,进行,进展,继续下去
go off 走开
go out 出去,熄灭,过时
go over 温习,审阅,检查,研究
go through审阅,学习,练习,经历,经过
go up上涨,上升
In (prep.,adv.)
in a flash 一刹那间
in a word总之,简言之
in a hurry 匆忙地,很快地
in (actual) fact 事实上
in a sense 从某种意义上说
in a short while 不久,一会而后
in advance 事先,提前
in all 总共,总的来说
in any case不管怎样
in battle 在战斗中
in case 如果,以防(有某种情况)
in chains上着镣铐,在囚禁中
in charge of 主管,负责
in the charge of 被……掌管(负责)
in common 共同,共用
in danger 在危险中
in debt 负债,欠帐
in front 前方,正面对
in front of在……前面
in the front of 在 (某物体内部)的前面
in full 全文地,全部地
in general = generally speaking一般地说
in honour of 为了纪念…,为向…表示敬意
in high / low / poor spirits兴高采烈/情绪低落
in love (with sb.) (和某人)恋爱,热爱
in modern / ancient times 现代,近代/在古代
in one’s opinion 据(某人的)看法
in order to(that) 为了, 以便
in other words 换句话说
in a word = in short 总之,简而言之
in peace 平静地,安宁地
in place of = instead of 代替
in public 在公众面前,公开地
in search of 寻找
in (one’s) search for 寻找,寻求
in return 作为报答
in silence 沉默地,无声地
in short(=in a word ) 总之
in space 在宇宙空间,在太空
in the air 在空中
in the sky 在天空
in spite of 尽管
in that case 假如那样的话
in /ring the course of 在……过程中
in the day = in the day time在白天
in the future 将来,以后
in future 今后,日后
in the end 最后
in the meantime 与此同时
in the middle (of)在……中间
in the direction of 朝着….的方向
in all directions =in every direction朝四面八方
in time 及时地
in good time / season 及时地,适时地
in turn 轮流
in return(作为)回报
believe in 相信,信任
bring in 引进,引来,吸收
call in 召来,召集
hand in 上交,递交
hand in hand 并进,联合,手牵手
drop in 顺便走访
drop in on sb. / drop in at a place
join in 参加/加入(某项活动)
once in a while 偶尔,间或
play a part / role in 在…起作用 / 扮演角色
stand in line 站在队伍里
succeed in sth. / doing sth. (在…方面)成功
take part in参加
Keep (v.)
keep a promise 遵守诺言
keep a secret 守秘密
keep watch 注意,警惕,提防
keep back 扣下,隐瞒,忍住(眼泪)
keep body and soul together 维持生活
keep / bear in mind记住,想着
keep off 避开,挡住,不接近
keep one’s balance 保持平衡
keep on doing继续(干)
keep out 遮挡,使不入内
keep silence 保持沉默(安静)
keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事
keep up 保持,维持,继续(某活动)
keep up with 跟上,及时了解(情况)
Let
let alone (用于表示接着提到的事更不可能) 更不用说, 更谈不上
let sb./sth. alone 对某人/某事放任不管/置之不理
let sb./sth. be 不打搅/不干涉某人/某事
let down 把(衣服)加长,放大; 使某人失望, 失约于某人
let in 把某人/某物放入, 允许进入容许, 许可
let sb./sth. off宽恕,从轻处理;免除(责任,处分等);放(枪, 炮等), 使爆炸
let out放出, 释放;泄露, 使知道
let sb. go 放某人走, 让某人逃走
Look(v.)
look about/around环顾四周,四周寻找
look up to 尊敬
look on 观望, 旁观
look after 照顾 ,照管
look as if 看起来似乎
look back(upon)回想,回顾
6 高中英语常用词组归纳
come on 来吧,赶快
congratulate …on 祝贺
depend on = rely on依靠,相信, 取决于
from then(now) on 从那时(现在)起
feed on以……为主食
have…on穿着,戴着
have an effect on 对……产生作用
insist on doing sth 坚持要做…
live on 靠…为生
look down on(upon) 轻视,看不起
keep on (doing sth) 继续(做某事)
move on 继续前进,
pass on 传递,转移到
play a joke / trick on 戏弄(某人)
spend / waste money / time on sth.
Out(adv.,prep)
break out 爆发,突然发生
carry out 开展,执行,实现
check out 查明,结帐
die out 消失,灭亡
find out 找出,查出
give out 分发,散发,用完
hand out分发
help…out 帮某人从困境中解脱
hold out 伸出
look out 留神,当心
pick out 挑出
point out 指出
put out 扑灭,关熄
run out of 用完
send out 发出,派遣
set out发出,开始
show…out 领……出去
try out 实验
work out 算出,解决,制定出
be tired / worn out 精疲力竭
out of 从……向(往)外
out of breath 上气不接下气
out of work 失业,没工作
out of one’s reach 够不着
out of question 没问题
out of the question 不可能
Put(v.)
put sb./sth. through to sb 为某人接通电话
put sb. up 向某人提供食宿
put up with sb./sth 忍受或容忍某人/某事
put away 存起来,收拾起来
put back 推迟,放回(原处),拨回(时钟)
put down 写下来,镇压
put forward 提出,提前
put in order 整理
put into practice 付诸实施
put off 推迟,延期,关上(开关等)
put on 穿(戴)上,上演,打开(开关等)
put on weight 增加体重
put out 熄灭,生产,出版
put up 举(架)起,修建,张贴,留宿
send
send away/off for sth. 写信索取, 邮购
send back 退还不要, 退货, 发送回来
send down = cause to go down 使下降
send for 派人去请/取, 叫; 去信索取, 邮购
send in (向上级等) 提出, 交上去, 寄去(投稿等)
send off发(信, 包裹), 发送(信息);(给…送行
send on 转寄(信件)到新地址, 转送(信件)
send out发出, 发;发出(光亮等), 长出(嫩芽等)
send out for 派人出去买/取
send to 让上(学等)
send to one’s death 使…送命
send up发射, 发出
Set (v.)
set aside 储存
set back阻碍…的进展,使受挫,延缓
set about doing 开始(着手)做
set an example 作出榜样
set down 放下,写(记)下
set fire to=set…on fire 放火,烧着
set off 使爆炸,引起,起程
set out 出发,动身,开始,着手,列举,
set sail 起航
set to work (使)开始做……
set up 立(支)起来,成(建)立
Take(v.)
take sth. seriously 认真对待某事
take sth. into consideration 考虑某事
take sth. lying down承认失败
take a(one’s)seat 就座,坐下
take a look at 看一下
take a photograph (of)照一张(…的)相
take aim 瞄准
take an action 采取行动
take an interest in 对……感兴趣
take along 随身带着
take away拿走,拿开,使离开
take back 收回,让退(货)
take…by surprise 使…吃惊,出奇兵攻占
take care 注意,当心
take care of 照顾,负责
take charge of 负责
take exercise 做运动
take…for granted 视为当然,想必是
take hold of 抓住,握住
take in 订阅,使上当,收留,吸收
take…in one’s arm (拥)抱
take it easy 别紧张,放松些
take note(notice)of 注意,理会
take notes 记录,作笔记
take off 脱掉,起飞,减(去)掉
take (a day)off休假(一天)
take office 就职,上任
take on 雇用,招收,具有(……的意思),take on a new look呈现一片新面貌
takeone’s defeat(things)lying down甘心失败
take (an active) part in(积极)参加
take one’s place 就座,代替某人的职务
take place 发生,举行
take the place of 代替,取代
take possession of 占有,拥有
take pride in 为……感到骄傲
take turns ( to do…)轮流 (做)
take up 开始学习,开始(某活动,空间)
take up arms 拿起武器
Turn(v.)
turn a deaf ear (blind eye)to不听(不理睬)
turn down 拒绝,关小点
turn in 上交,交进去,上床睡觉
turn on(off) 打开(关)
turn out 结果,原来(情况是),产生,制造
turn over 移交,打翻,翻耕,翻阅,考虑
turn to 求助于,翻到,转到
turn up 出席,出现,开大点,查找
turn around/round 转过身
turn away 不理睬
turn back 折回, 往回走
turn into 变为, 使变为; 翻译, 译为(另种文体)
turn over a new leaf 翻开新的一页, 重新开始, 改过自新
turn a blind eye to 视而不见, 故意不理turn a deaf ear to 充耳不闻
Up(adv.)
break up 分解,腐蚀
bring up 教育,培养,提出,呕吐
build up 逐步实现
clear up 整理,弄清,晴(开)朗起来
come up 抬头,上来,上升
cut up 切碎,齐根切断
divide up 分配
eat up 吃完,吃光
use up 用光
fix up 安顿,修理好
give up (doing) 放弃,投降,献出
go up 上涨,上升
grow up 生长,长大
hold up 抬起,阻挡,使停顿
join up 把…连接(联合)起来
make up 编出,构成,弥补
open up 开创,开辟
pick up 接收,拾起,捡起
put up 举(架)起,张贴,留宿
round up 赶拢,使集拢
speed up 加快速度
set up 建立,创立
stay up 不睡,挺住,站立
take up 占去,占据
throw up 呕吐,吐出
turn up 到达,出现
wake up 醒来
Way(n.)
all the way从远处, 全程,一直地
ask the way 问路
by the way 顺便说(问)
by way of 取道,经由
have a long way to go 还有很长的路
in a(one) way 在某种程度上
in a bad way 身体状况不好,情况不妙
in any way 在任何(哪)方面
in every way 在各方面,以各种方式
in many ways 在很多方面
in no way 怎样也不,决不
in the (a) family way 怀孕了
in the way / in one’s way 碍事,妨碍
lead the way 带路
make one’s way to 向……走去
lose one’s way 迷路
make way for 给……让路
on the way (to) 在(去)……路上
With(prep.)
agree with sb. / what-clause
(但:agree to sth. / a plan, suggestion…)
compare …with…把…与…相比较
be rich / high in 盛产,…含量丰富
❾ 初二下册英语语法总结。
初二下册大概就是这么几点....
Mole 1是基本句型
Mole 2是宾语从句
Mole 3是to+v. 与 v.-ing作宾语
Mole 4是if从句(回1)
Mole 5是if从句(2)
Mole 6是直接引语和间接答引语(1)
Mole 7是直接引语和间接引语(2)
Mole 8是状语从句(1)
Mole 9是状语从句(2)
Mole 10是would与状语从句(3)
你把这些到网络上搜一下....再认真看就行了
如果你是外研版的更简单..从第146页看就行了~
❿ 初二英语下册每单元语法讲解和语法练习
http://wenku..com/view/fe085cc08bd63186bcebbcd6.html?st=1
自己去下载吧,如果没有网络文库的账号,写个邮箱,我发邮件给你~