⑴ 一般过去时用法
A say goes 是一般现在时,A say went 是一般过去时。
一般过去时的基本用法:一般过去时表示过专去某个时间属发生的动作或存在的状态,也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last week, last night, in 2003, two days ago等。
例如:I got up at 6:30 yesterday. 我昨天6:30起床。My father was very busy last week. 我父亲上周很忙。
(1)It's said that+句子意思是:据说,俗话说…
(2)As the saying goes 俗话说
(3)There is a saying that有一句俗话说
(4)There is an old saying that.或者There is a proverb that俗话说,有一句谚语/有一句俗话说
⑵ 英语中过去式的语法
1)陈述句:
a.肯定句:主语+动词的过去式+其他.
b.否定句:主语+助动词回didn’t+动词原形+其他.
2) 一般疑问句答:助动词Did+主语+动词原形+其他?
3) 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词What+助动词did+主语+动词原形+其他?
⑶ 英语过去式语法
一般动词直接加-ed,e.g.look-looked;
以e结尾的动词直接加-d,e.g.dance-danced;
辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i再加回ed,e.g.study-studied;
以重读闭音节答结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母(字母w,y,x除外),双写这个辅音字母加-ed,e.g.skip-skipped;
以l结尾的动词,若以非重读音节结尾,则末尾的字母l双写与不双写均可。其中不双写的是美式拼写。e.g.travel-travelled/traveled(U.S.)。
部分以-p结尾的动词同样遵循第5条,这类词多由“前缀+名词”构成。e.g.worship-worshipped/worshiped(U.S.)、handicap-handicapped/handicaped(U.S.)。
⑷ 英语:一般过去时和现在进行时语法知识(包括语法及例句)!!!!!!!!!!!!
现在完成时
过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果
过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态
句型
基本结构:主语+have/has+过去分词(done)
①肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他
②否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他
③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他
④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他)
过去分词
1 、规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则:
(1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。
work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited
(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。
live---lived--- lived ,
(3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将 "y" 变为 "i" ,再加“ ed ”。
study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried ,
play---played---played ,stay---stayed---stayed
(4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。
stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped
2 、不规则动词:
AAA型
原型 过去式 过去分词
burst burst burst
cast cast cast
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
hit hit hit
hurt hurt hurt
put put put
set set set
shut shut shut
spread spread spread
let let let
AAB型
beat beat beaten
ABA型
become became become
run ran run
come came come
特殊情况
read read read
read原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/
ABB型
bring brought brought
buy bought bought
build built built
burn burnt burnt
catch caught caught
dig g g
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
hear heard heard
hold held held
keep kept kept
lay laid laid
lead led led
lose lost lost
make made made
meet met met
sell sold sold
shoot shot shot
sit sat sat
stand stood stood
sweep swept swept
teach taught taught
tell told told
think thought thought
win won won
ABC型
begin began begun
blow blew blown
break broke broken
choose chose chosen
draw drew drawn
drive drove driven
drink drank drunk
fly flew flown
forgive forgave forgiven
forget forgot forgotten
freeze froze frozen
give gave given
grow grew grown
know knew known
ride rode ridden
rise rose risen
ring rang rung
shake shook shaken
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
swim swam swum
throw threw thrown
write wrote written
用法
(1)现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.
I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)
Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)
Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)
He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)
(2)现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用.
Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
注(超重要):瞬间动词(buy,die,join,lose……)不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词
come-be
go out-be out
finish-be over
open-be open
die-be dead
………………
1.have代替buy
My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.
2、用keep或have代替borrow
I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.
3、用be替代become
How long has your sister been a teacher?
4、用have a cold代替catch a cold
Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.
5、用wear代替put on
b)用“be+形容词”代终止性动词
1、be+married代marry 2、be+ill代fall (get) ill
3、be+dead代die 4、be+asleep代fall (get) asleep
5、be+awake代wake/wake up 6、be+gone代lose,die,sell,leave
7、be+open代open 8、be closed代close/shut
9、be+missing(gone,lost)代lose
c)用“be+副词”代终止性动词
1“be+on”代start,begin
2“be+up”代get up
3“be+back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to
4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等
d)用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词
1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to
2.用be in the army 代替join the army
3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to
常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表:
1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.
→have been in sw./at…相应的介词
2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back
3. have come/gone out →have been out
4. have become → have been
5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open
6. have got up → have been up;
7. have died → have been dead;
8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.
9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep;
10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over;
11. havemarried → have been married;
12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ;
13. have begun → have been on
14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had
15. have lost → haven’t had
16. have put on →have worn
17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold;
18. have got to know → have known
19. have/has gone to → have been in
20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army
→have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party’s member/the league member/the soldier…
注意: 1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用,(如表示过去的时间状语)
如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等,除非与for,since连用.
2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用
,如already(肯定), yet(否定,疑问), just, before, recently,still, lately等:
He has already obtained a scholarship.
I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).
We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child yet ?
3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,
如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等:
Have you ever been to Beijing
I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.
I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.
George has met that gentleman on several occasions.
4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,
如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, today, up to present, so far等:
Peter has written six papers so far.
Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.
There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.
The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.
Up to the present everything has been successful.
5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.
We have had four texts this semester.
6.现在完成时的"完成用法"
现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束,但该动作对现在产生了影响,与现在情况具有因果关系。
例如:He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去,但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。)
现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续,因此,该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如:already,yet,before,recently等)、频度时间状语(如:never,ever,once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如:this morning / month /year...,today等)连用。
例如: Have you found your pen yet?你已找到你的钢笔了吗?
7.现在完成时的"未完成用法"
现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去。
例如:He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。)
I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去。)
此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导),或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如:up to now,so far)等。
例如:I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。
注意:(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词,不可用于终止性动词,即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如:come,go,arrive,leave,join,become,die等。
8.一段时间+has passed+since从句
9. 现在完成时常和短语 "up to now /till now", "so far" (意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在.)
Up to/till now he's read many story books. 至今他已读过好多故事书。
I've been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到纽约去过三次。
10 has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别
gone:去了没回
been to :去过
been in:呆了很久
11.不能与when连用
一般过去时和现在完成时
( 1 )、一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式,而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“助动词 have/ has + 过去分词”。
(2) 、一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如: yesterday, last week , two years ago ,just now ,in 2002 等;而现在完成时则常与 just ,already ,ever ,never 等副词和 these days ,this week ,since ......, for ...... 等表示一段时间的状语连用。
试比较以下几组句子,有什么区别:
① A:Have you seen the film ?
B:Did you see the film ?
分析:你看过这部电影吗?( A )句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解;( B )句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过,并不强调是否知道其内容。
② A:How has he done it ?
B:How did he do it ?
分析:他是怎么做的这件事?( A )句强调的是他做这件事的方式对现在产生了某种影响;( B )句单纯的询问做这件事的方式。
③ A:He has lived in Beijing for 8 years .
B:He lived in Beijing for 8 years .
分析:他在北京住了 8 年。( A )句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了 8 年,可能还会继续在北京住下去。( B )句讲的是他在北京住过 8 年,现在已经不在北京了。
(2)现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果,而一般过去时与现在没有联系,只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去。
比:I have washed the car. 我洗过了车。(看上去很漂亮)
I washed the car a moment ago.我刚才洗过车了。
She has watered the flowers.她已经浇了花。(不需要再浇了)
She watered the flowers yesterday.她昨天浇的花。
I have written the letter but I haven't posted it yet. 信我已经写好了,但还没有寄出。
I wrote the letter last week and I posted it three days ago.我上周写的那封信,3天前寄出的。
(3)现在完成时表示的动作或状态延续到现在并可能延续下去,而一般过去时则单纯表示过去某段时间内的经历。
比:It has rained for five hours. 雨已经下了5个小时了。
It rained for five hours yesterday.昨天下了5个小时的雨。
He has waited for her for two hours. 他等她已经两个小时了。
He waited for her two hours and then went home.他等她等了两个小时,然后就回家了。
I have reviewed two lessons this morning.今天上午我已经复习了两课。(说话时还在上午)
I reviewed two lessons this morning.今天上午我复习了两课。(说话时已是下午或晚上)
⑸ 英文过去式的语法怎么用
第一个,因为后边是yesterday
,所以句子要用过去式,do过去式是did,你想表达没有作业,那就内did后边加not就好了容,再有,记住,助动词后边要用动词原形,did,did
not
,
does
,doesn't
……+动词原形
⑹ 关于过去式的语法
一般过去式的用法:
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况,通回常一般过去式带有表示动答作时间状语的词,词组或从句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。
I worked in that factory last year.
去年我在那一家工厂工作。
⑺ 请问英语一般过去时的所有语法问题
一般过去时表现在
1. 在宾语从句中,由于时态呼应的关系,可用一般过去时表示现在。如:
I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。(were实际上指现在)
I didn’t know you were so busy.我没想到你这么忙。(were实际上指现在)
2. 表示客气委婉的现在。如:
I wondered if you were free this evening. 不知您今晚是否有空。
I thought you might like some flowers. 我想您也许想要些花。
【注】能这样有的动词主要限于want, wonder, think, hope, intend等少数动词。
3. 用于某些特殊结构中表示现在
It’s time we started. 我们该动身了。
I wish I knew his name. 要是我知道他的名字就好了。
I’d rather you lived closer to us. 我希望你能住得离我们近点。
【注】该用法主要用于it’s time, I wish, I’d rather, if only, as if, as though 等少数结构后接从句的情形,其中有些结构后面的句子还可用一般过去时表示将来。如:
I’d rather you come next Monday. 我宁愿你下周星期一来。
另外表主观想法的虚拟条件句也用一般过去时表示现在。如:
If I had the money now I’d buy a car. 假若我现在有钱,我就买辆小汽车。
[编辑本段]一般过去式
1.概念:
过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;
2.时间状语:
ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本结构:
be动词;行为动词 的过去式
4.否定形式
:was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:
was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。
6.例句:
She often came to help us in those days.
I didn't know you were so busy.
一般过去时表示(1)过去某个特定时间发生,并且一下子就完成了的动作(即:非持续性动作),也可以表示(2)过去习惯性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响,只说明过去。
句式:主语+过去动词+其他
I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨,我跟朱丽亚说了几句话。(1)
He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子,
抽烟抽得可凶了。(2)
一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用,如:yesterday, last week, in 1993, at that time, once, ring the war, before, a few days ago, when 等等。
句子中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时,取决于动作是否对现在有影响。
Have you had your lunch? 你吃过午饭了吗?(意思是说你现在不饿吗?)
Yes, I have. 是的,我已经吃过了。(意思是说已经吃饱了,不想再吃了。)
When did you have it? 你是什么时候吃的?(关心的是吃的动作发生在何时。)
I had it about ten minutes ago. 我是大约十分钟以前吃的。
Used to do something 表示过去常做而现在已经停止了的习惯动作。
I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。
I ate it at 6:45。我在六点四十五分吃了。
一般过去时的基本用法
1 带有确定的过去时间状语时,要用过去时
如:yesterday(昨天)、two days ago…(两天前…… )、last year…(去年…)、the other day(前几天)、once upon a time(过去曾经)、 just now(刚才)、in the old days(过去的日子里)、before liberation(解放前…)、 When I was 8 years old(当我八岁时…)、at+一个时间点
Did you have a party the other day?
前几天,你们开了晚会了吗?
Lei Feng was a good soldier.
雷锋是个好战士。
注意
在谈到已死去的人的情况时,多用过去时。
2 表示过去连续发生的动作时,要用过去时
这种情况下,往往没有表示过去的时间状语,而通过上下文来表示。
The boy opened his eyes for a moment,looked at the captain,and then died.
那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿,看看船长,然后就去世了。
3 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作
常与always,never等连用。
Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.
彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。
(只是说明她过去的动作,不表明她现在是否常带着伞。)
比较
Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.
彼得太太老是带着伞。
(说明这是她的习惯,表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞)
I never drank wine.我以前从不喝酒。
(不涉及到现在,不说明现在是否喝酒)
4 如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用used to do
He used to drink.
他过去喝酒。
(意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了)
I used to take a walk in the morning.
我过去是在早晨散步。
(意味着现在不在早晨散步了)
比较:
I took a walk in the morning.
我曾经在早晨散过步。
(只是说明过去这一动作)
5 有些句子,虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语,但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话,也要用过去时,这一点,我们中国学生往往出错,要特别注意!
I didn''t know you were in Paris.
我不知道你在巴黎。
(因为在说话时,我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用过去时表示。实际上,这句话暗指:But now I know you are here.)
I thought you were ill.
我以为你病了呢。
(这句话应是在说话之前,我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病)
辨别正误
Li Ming studied English this morning.
(把此句变为一般疑问句)
(×)1.Did Li Ming studied English this morning?
(动词应该用原形)
(×) 2. Does Li ming Study English this morning?
(时态应该用原句子的时态)
(×) 3.Was Li Ming studied English this morning?
(应该用一般动词,而不是be动词)
(О) 4.Did Li Ming study Enghish this morning?
一过:在过去发生的动作。
主动:
肯定① be 分为was,were ② v+ed
否定① was/were not ② didn’t+v
疑问① was/were+ 主 ② did+主+V
时状:
1. yesterday (morning,afternoon,evening)
2. the day before yesterday
3. last night (week,Sunday,weekend,month,winter,year,centeury 世纪)
4. ago
5.in 1980 (过去年份)
6.this morning/afternoon/evening
7.when引导的状语从句 (过去)
8.in the past
9.just now
10.the other day -- a few days ago
11.at the age of 10 (过去年龄段)
12.in the old days
......(未完待续)
动词过去式规则变化
1 直接加ed
2 以不发音的e结尾的,+d
3 以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i加ed
4 以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最后的辅音字母+ed
不规则变化
例如相等 eg:cut cut
read read<注:read和read读音不同!>
sit sat
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句型结构
1.一般句子
I watched TV last night.
2.一般疑问句
Did you watch TV last night?
3.there be 句型
There was an apple on the table last night.
Was there an apple on the table last night?
一般过去时口诀
一般过去时并不难,表示过去动作、状态记心间。
动词要用过去式,时间状语句末站。
否定句很简单,didn't 站在动词原形前,其它部分不要变。
一般疑问句也好变,did放在句子前,主语、动词原形、其它部分依次站。
特殊疑问句也简单,疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。
最后一条请注意,动词过去式要牢记。
O(∩_∩)O~,希望对你有帮助,不懂得还可以继续追问
⑻ 英语语法!过去式
to后面必须是动词原形啊
had已经表示过去了 study不用变,原形就好
⑼ 一般过去式的语法问题
地点状语可以暗示过去或包括特定的时间。如你人在上海
你说
我在北京过得愉快
这就暗示过去
其实一般过去时是英语中最保险的时态
用一般过去时
犯错较少。
不但地点状语可以暗示过去
不少动词本身也暗示过去。
总之,除了过去时间状语外,还要根据特定语境
上下文
判定是否是一般过去时。