❶ 初三英语语法要点有哪些请详细点,谢谢!
展开全部
第1章
名词
中考预测
真题解析
语法脉络
考点精讲
考点1
可数名词的单数如何考查?
考点2
可数名词复数要注意哪些用法?
考点3
运用不可数名词要注意什么?
考点4
名词前如何加数量词?
考点5
名词所有格有哪些特别用法?
考点6
名词充当不同的句子成分时要注意什么?
考点7
易混名词辨析
考点专练
提高练习
综合测试
第2章
代词
中考预测
真题解析
语法脉络
考点精讲
考点1
如何判断人称代词的“格”与“性别”?
考点2
多个人称代词并列使用时,如何排列顺序?
考点3
代词it有哪些特殊用法?
考点4
如何区分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词?
考点5
反身代词有哪些固定词组?
考点6
指示代词有哪些特殊用法?
考点7
such和the
same如何用作指示代词?
考点8
如何区分wh0,whom,whose以及what和which?
考点9
区分几组不定代词
考点10
怎样运用复合不定代词?
考点11
如何运用关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which?
考点专练
提高练习
综合测试
第3章
数词
中考预测
真题解析
语法脉络
考点精讲
考点1
记忆基数词有什么规律?
考点2
记忆序数词有什么规律?
考点3
如何运用hundred,thousand,million,billion?
考点4
如何用英语表示分数?
考点6
序数词前什么时候不用the修饰?
考点7
如何表达时刻和日期?
考点8
“扎十岁”和“年代”怎么表达?
考点专练
提高练习
综合测试
第4章
冠词
中考预测
真题解析
语法脉络
考点精讲
考点1
a,an如何区分?
考点2
不定冠词a,an有哪些特殊用法?
考点3
如何区别a/an和one?
考点4
初中阶段有哪些含有a/an的固定词组?
考点5
定冠词the有哪些特殊用法?
考点6
初中阶段有哪些含有the的固定短语?
考点7
什么时候不用冠词?
考点8
初中阶段有哪些不加冠词的固定短语?
考点9
某些词组,用不用冠词,意思不同
考点10
冠词在句中处于什么位置?
考点11
如何用冠词表示类别?
考点专练
提高练习
综合测试
第5章
介词
中考预测
真题解析
语法脉络
考点精讲
考点1
如何用at,in,on表示时间?
考点2
如何使用till/until和by表示间?
考点3
since和for有什么区别?
考点4
表示一段时间的介词有哪些?
考点5
地点介词有什么用法?
考点6
表示范围的介词in,Oil,to如巾区别使用?
考点7
表示方式的介词有哪些?怎么使用?
考点8
in和after,of和t0,except和besides有什么区别?
考点9
初中阶段有哪些介词短语?
考点专练
提高练习
综合测试
第6章
形容词
中考预测
真题解析
语法脉络
考点精讲
考点1
形容词可作主语或宾语吗?
考点2
哪些形容词只能用作表语?哪些只能作定语?
考点3
在哪些情况下形容词作后置定语?
……
第7章
副词
第8章
连词
第9章
动词分类
第10章
情态动词及虚拟语气
第11章
动词时态及语态
第12章
非谓语动词
第13章
简单句
第14章
并列句和复合句
第15章
There
be
句型及直接引语
第16章
主谓一致
参考答案
后记
“不考语法的时代”如何学语法
❷ 初三英语语法
呵呵 希望对你有所帮助 祝楼主进步哈 记得采纳O(∩_∩)O哈!
九年级英语复习---语法讲解(1-7单元)
Unit1
By是个很常用的介词(有时也用作副词),在初中英语中的用法有以下几种: 1.意为“在……旁”、“靠近”。如: Some are singing and dancing under a big tree . Some are drawing by the lake. 有的在大树下唱歌跳舞,有的在湖边画画儿。 2.意为“不迟于”、“到……时为止”。如: Your son will be all right by supper time. 你的儿子在晚饭前会好的。 How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? 到上个学期末你们已经学了多少首英语歌曲? 3.表示方法、手段,可译作“靠”、“用”、“凭借”、“通过”、“乘坐”等。如: The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.
猴子用尾巴吊在树上哈哈大笑。 The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph.
孩子的父亲是那么的感激,于是他教爱迪生怎样通过铁路电报来传达信息。 4.表示“逐个”、“逐批”的意思。如: One by one they went past the table in the dark.
他们一个一个得在黑暗中经过这张桌子。5.表示“根据”、“按照”的意思。如:What time is it by your watch? 你的表几点了? 6.和take , hold等动词连用,说明接触身体的某一部分。如: I took him by the hand. 我拉住了它的手。 7.用于被动句中,表示行为主体,常译作“被”、“由”等。如: English is spoken by many people. 英语被许多人所说。(即“许多人讲英语。”) 8.组成其它短语。 1) by the way : 意为“顺便说”、“顺便问一下”,常做插入语。如: By the way , where’s Li Ping , do you know?
顺便问一下,李平在哪儿。你知道吗? 2) by oneself : 意为“单独”、“自行”。如: I can’t leave her by herself. 我不能把她单独留下。 3) by and by : 意为“不久以后”、“不一会儿”。如: But by and by , more and more people began to study English. 但是不久以后,越来越多的人开始学英语了。
二、动名词的构成动词后加动名词doing,相当于名词,在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语定语等。1)★作主语(这种用法常考)
Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方与北方开战了。2)作宾语Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
请问你介意调小一点收音机的音量吗?3)作表语Babysister’s job is washing,cooking and taking care of the children。保姆的工作是洗衣服,作饭和照看孩子。
Unit2
used to 的用法:(1)肯定句:used这个词没有人称的变化,to后面接动词原形。
否定句是didn’t use to….
When I was a child, I didn’t use to like apples.当我还是孩子的时候我不喜欢苹果.
疑问形式是Did you use to…?Where did you use to live before you came here?当你来这儿之前你住哪儿?
(2)含有used to 的句子的反意疑问句不要usedn’t + 主语,而用didn’t + 主语。He used to smoke, didn’t he? 他过去常常吸烟,是吗?Yes, he did./ No, he didn’t. 是的,他吸。/ 不,他不吸。
(3)used to 表示过去的习惯动作, 而不是现在的。I am used to the weather here. 我已经习惯于这里的天气了。He is used to hard work. 他习惯于艰苦的工作。
(4)used to 可以和be, have 以及其他状态动词连用,描写过去的状态。 I used to be a waiter, but now I’m a taxi-driver.我过去是一个服务员,但现在我是出租车司机。
★ 本单元的许多运用used to 的句子属于描述过去的状态。Mario used to be short.马力奥过去总是很矮。Amy used to be outgoing.爱米过去性格外向。Tina used to have long and straight hair.蒂娜过去有一头直的长头发。He used to wear black shoes. 他过去常穿黑鞋。
Unit3
本单元重点讲到了被动语态的用法英语动词的被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be有时态,人称和数的变化,其变化规则与连系动词be完全一样。
一、被动语态的句式变化: 以一般现在时和动词invite为例,列表说明被动语态的句式变化:
二、各种时态的被动语态结构总结如下: 被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的,be是什么时态,全句就是什么时态,be动词后面的过去分词不变。一般现在时的被动语态为:主+am / is / are (not)+过去分词一般过去时的被动语态为:主+was / were +过去分词
例如:我们学过的was / were born 生于,就是一个被动语态.born是个过去分词(bear)-When were you born ? -I was born in 1989. 现在进行时被动语态的构成为: 主语+is / am / are + being +过去分词
现在完成时被动语态的构成为: 主语+have / has +been +过去分词
情态动词的被动语态: 情态动词+be+过去分词
一般将来时的被动语态: 主语+will +be +过去分词
过去将来时的被动语态: 主语+would / should + be +过去分词
过去进行时的被动语态: 主语+was / were + being +过去分词
过去完成时的被动语态: 主语+had + been +过去分词
三、被动语态的用法:(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁,不用by+动作执行者短语 Football is played widely all over the world. 全世界都广泛地踢足球。
(2)强调动作的承受者,这时应用by短语。The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午这家银行遭到抢劫。
(3)作客观说明时,常采用一种被动语态句型It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA.
据报道美国大约二十名儿童死于流感。
四、主动语态的句子变为被动语态的方法是:(1)把原句中的宾语变为主语(2)动词改为被动形式,即be+过去分词(3)原来的主语,如果需要的话,放在by后面,如果没必要,可省略。请看下表:
主动语态 被动语态
They make trains in Zhuzhou. They use this key for locking the classroom door.Many people speak English.He wrote a letter.They are building a road. Trains are made in Zhuzhou.This key is used for locking the classroom door(by them).English is spoken by many people.A letter was written by him.A road is being built (by them).
Unit4
虚拟语气:如果我们所说的不是事实,也不是要求、命令、劝告等,而只是一种假设、愿望、建议或是一种实现不了的空想就用虚拟语气
注意:条件句分两种,真实条件句和虚拟条件句。只有在虚拟(非真实)条件句中,才用虚拟语气,而在真实条件句中,要用陈述语气。
请比较:
(1)If it is sunny tomorrow , we’ll go to the zoo.
如果明天天气好,我们将会去公园。在这句话中,明天天气好是完全有可能实现的,并非虚拟、幻想,因此是真实条件句。在本句中,适用“主将从现。”
(2)If I were you , I would go at once.
(如果我是你的话,我立刻就走。)在这句话中,条件句,“如果我是你”,但事实上,我不可能成为你,这只是假设的情况,没有实现的可能。当条件实现的可能性很小,甚至可以说没有时,就需要用虚拟语气来表示,动词发生了变化。
也就是说虚拟语气表示和现实的事实相反时,从句用一般过时。
主句用 “should/would/could/ might +动词原形。
1.If I had time, I would go for a walk.
2.If I were invited, I would go to the dinner party.
3.If I won a million dollars in the lottery, I would put it in the bank.
知识点2. He doesn’t know if he should bring a present.
此处if表示“是否”,引导宾语从句。Should此处表示“应该”。不是虚拟语气。
E.g.1. I don’t know if I should go to the party.
2.If I have enough money, I will go to Hainan .
知识点3.If I were you , I’d wear a shirt and tie.
if 引导的条件状语从句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气时,be动词只能用were,而不能用was。
E.g. If he were here, he would not agree with you .
知识点4. I don’t have a present. What if everyone else brings a present?
What if… “如果……怎么办?”相当于 what would happen if…
E.g. What shall I do if it snows?
知识点5.Well, dogs can be a lot of trouble.
Trouble 麻烦事 ,名词
常用搭配 :get (sb)into trouble get out of trouble what’s the trouble
“if”引导的条件句。
Unit5
It must be--- (肯定是,100%)
It might/could be… (有可能,20-80%)
It can’t be… (肯定不是,0%)
程度 肯定句 否定句 疑问句
must ★ ★ ★ ★ √
may ★ ★ ★ √ √
might
/could ★ ★ √
√
√
√
can’t
can ★ √
√
1. --- Whose book is this?
--- It must be Mary’s. (肯定; 一定)
It must belong to Mary.
2. --- Whose French book is this?
--- It could be Ali’s. She studies French. (可能)
3. The hair band might belong to Linda.
might be Linda’s. (可能)
4. The T-shirt can’t be John’s. (不可能)
It’s much too small for him.
练习:1. --- Whose pen is this?
--- It ____ Liu Mei because I saw her use it the other day.
A. can’t be B. might be C. must belong to
2. That’s a piece of good news. They ___ glad to hear that.
A. can be B. might be C. must be D. can’t be
3. Mary ______ be in Paris. I saw her in town only a few minutes ago.
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. may not
Unit6
定语从句
1. who 指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略)
The man who I talked with is our teacher.
A person who steals things is called a thief.
2. whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)
The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.
3. which 指物,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省)
These are the trees which were planted last year.
This recorder (which) he is using is made in Japan.
Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?
Is this the library from which you borrow books?
4. that 指人/物,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略)
A plane is a machine. It can fly.→A plane is a machine that can fly.
He is the man. I told you about him. →He is the man (that) I told you about.
The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.
↓
The scientist Ø we met yesterday is very famous in the world.
who
whom
that
The dress is new. She is wearing it.
↓
The dress that she is wearing is new.
which
Ø
(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him.
↓
He is the kind person that I have ever worked with.
who
whom
Ø
This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.
↓
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
Ø
在选择引导定语从句的关系代词时,有如下要点:
1 由于关系代词在主句与从句间既起到联系作用,又在从句中充当一个成分,因此, 要正确判断关系代词在从句中的功能,如作主语还是宾语等。
2 当先行词指人时,关系代词可用who(做主语,宾语),that(做主语,宾语),whom(作宾语),whose(作定语)
3 当先行词指物时,关系代词可用that(做主语,宾语),which(做主语,宾语)
4 再定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词长可省略,但在介词后面的关系代词不能省略。指人时,介词后只用whom,指物时,介词后只用which。
5 在非限制性定语从句中,指人时,只用who,指物时,只用which。
1.定语从句中that与who、which的区别
2.定语从句中关系词的省略
典型例题
1. The first job ________I found was to be a cleaner.
A. where B. why C. which D. that
解析:指事物的先行词前有序数词修饰时,只能用关系代词that。故本题的正确答案是D。
2. I don’t think history is as interesting as English.(改为同义词)
I think history is ___________ interesting _________ English.
解析:答案是:less; than。意思是“我认为历史不如英语有趣”。
3. The woman who is wearing the hat is my mother.(改为同义句)
The woman ________ the hat is my mother.
解析:读题后可知:上句含义是“戴帽子的那个妇女旭我的妈妈”,对应下句,可知空格处应填“戴”,故正确答案是in。
选择填空
1. The poor boy ________ lost both his parents last year is called Mike.
A.which B.what C.who D./
2. The bridge ________ has been there for nearly fifty years still looks nice.
A.which B.what C./ D.who
3. I’m one of the students _______well in English in my class.
A.who does B.who do C.which does D.who did
4. Is this factory ________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?
A.that B.where C.which D.the one
5. All______ they have done is good for us.
A.what B.which C.why D.that
Unit7
表达意愿的几个基本句子
a. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
b. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
c. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
d. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
答案:a. I hope to b. I’d like to c. I’d love to d. I want to
She would like to go to New York. (对划线部分提问)
答案:Where would she like to go?
注意:where在本句中为副词,go后面不能再加to,而Which city would she like to go to? 中which为代词。
九年级英语复习---语法讲解(Units8-15)
Unit8
1、短语动词小结
常见短语动词结构有下面几种:
1.动词+副词 如:give up 放弃 turn off 关掉 stay up 熬夜
这种结构有时相当于及物动词,如果其宾语是代词,就必须放在动词和副词之间,如果是名词,则既可插在动词和副词之间,也可放 在短语动词后。
2. 动词+介词 如:listen of 听 look at 看 belong to 属于
这种结构相当于及物动词,后面跟宾语。
3. 动词+副词+介词 如:come up with 提出,想出 run out of 用完,耗尽
4. 动词+名词(介词) 如:take part in参加 catch hold of 抓住
2、倒装句
not only … but (also) … 不但… 而且… 用来连接两个并列的成分
(1)引导以 not only …but (also)… 开头的句子往往引起部分倒装。
因此 ⑴Not only do I feel good but (also)…. 是倒装句。也是说得要
把前面的句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面。如:
①Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best. 我不仅能做到而且做得最好。
⑵Not only…but (also)… 接两主语时,谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化 也就是就近原则 如:
①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。
②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。
常见的就近原则的结构有:
Neither… nor…即不…也不… (两者都不)
Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜欢他。
Either… or… 不是…就是… (两者中的一个)
Either Lily or you are a student.
Not only …but (also)…
There be
❸ 初三英语学了什么语法
could
you
tell
me
where
the
bus
stop
is?
宾语从句的语序应该是陈述句语序。因此is应该在主语the
bus
stop的后面。
❹ 初三中考或者初中英语考试的所有语法。
你买本初中语法不就都有了 这玩意儿怎么可能几句话说得完。三大从句、非谓语动词、虚拟倒装、交际用语、特殊句式,还有名词的、冠词的、形容词副词、动词、连词...不都要考么
❺ 初三英语语法总结,能有多详细就有多详细
句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语
1、主语:
(1)由名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、
动名词等充当,说明动作是“谁”发出的,主语是句子陈述的对象,说明是谁或什么,表示句子说的是“什么人”,或”什么事“,如“我写字”中的“我”,做出
写字这个动作.“写”则是谓语,“字”是宾语,是接受谓语“写”这个动作的对象,因此是宾语.如:The painter painted a very
nice picture. (画家画了一幅漂亮的画.) / They fought against SARS bravely.
(他们勇敢地与非典搏斗.) / To see is to believe. (耳听为虚眼见为实). / Helping animals is
to help people. (帮助动物就是帮助人类.)
(2)动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替,而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语之
后.如:It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat ring the long
journey. (在长途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了.) / Eating too much is bad for your
health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.)
(吃得太多对你的身体不利.)(比较好看,避免头重脚轻)
(3)口语中常见主语或“主--系”省略:(It is) nothing. ((那)没有什么.)/ (It) doesn’t matter. ((那)没有关系.) / (I) thank you. ((我)谢谢你.)
(4)
反意问句的附加问句,主语必须是代词:The man looks worried, doesn’t he? (这个人看上去很着急不是吗?) /
Tigers are dangerous animals, aren’t they? (老虎是危险的动物不是吗?)
(5)祈使句一般省略主
语.加主语时往往用来指定某个人.Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子们请保持键盘的清洁.)
(省略了主语) / You go there and fetch me a glass of water. (你去给我弄一杯水来.)
(6)
主语一般在句首,但在问句中会处于第二位和句尾;倒装句及there be句型主语在动词之后.如:Computers are made in
this factory. (计算机生产于这家工厂.) / Where are they? (他们在哪儿?) / Does the boy
like staying home? (这个男孩喜欢呆在家里吗?)
(7)主语与谓语必须保持单、复数的一致,
而谓语与表语或宾语之间没有这一要求.Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam.
(Jim和Rose都没有通过考试.) / The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave
people. (中华民族是一个勤劳勇敢的民族.)
(8)主语可以由从句充当,详见“主语从句”.
2、谓语:是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”,“是什么”或“怎么样”,在主语后接宾语,又称受词,是一个动作的接受者.
(1)由“不及物动词”、“及物动词+宾语”或“系动词+表语”等构成,说明主语所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么样”.如:
He travelled in space for the first time .(他首次在太空旅行.) / Who teaches
you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语?) / The pizza has gone bad.
(那块烤馅饼已经变坏.) /
(2)谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息,谓语动词往往由下列词语依序排列构成:[情态动词]+[时
态助动词](现在完成时)+[语态助动词](如被动语态)+[主要动词](不一定全部出现).(见动词的时态和语态构成表)记住:谓语部分第一个动词往
往是变形动词.如:
I am sorry I am making so much noise but I have to.
(对不起我发出了太大的声音但是只能这样.) / He can’t have finished reading the
800-page-long novel. (他不可能读完了那本长达800页的小说.) / Something must be done to
stop the fowl flu from spreading out. (该采取措施防止禽流感蔓延.)
(3)谓语动词切忌用“行为动词1 + 原形动词”、“be + 原形动词”.
记住使用下列正确形式:
①情态动词+原形动词.如:You’d better go over the lesson.(你最好复习这一课.)
②shall/ will/ would+原形动词.如:They should have been there once.(他们应该去过那儿.)
③be+
现在分词或者过去分词.如:What are you doing this evening?(今晚你打算做什么?)---表示一般将来时/ Many
trees have been cut down since 1970s.(自从20世纪70年代大批树木被砍伐.)
④have+过去分词.如:Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.(意思同上)
⑤一般时问句和否定句中:do/does/did+原形动词.如:He does not enjoy himself very much.(他日子过的不好.)/ Did any of you see dinosaur eggs?(你们当中有谁见过恐龙蛋吗?)
⑥
行为动词1+行为动词2 (不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词等形式).如:He made up his mind to be a
vet.(他拿定主意要做个兽医.)/ Feeling good about yourself is essential to feeling
good about life.(自尊自爱是享受生活的根本.)/ They wake up the other family members,
calling,“Merry Christmas!”(他们叫醒家庭的其他成员,呼喊着:圣诞快乐!)/ The kings of ancient
Egypt had strong tombs built for themselves.(古代的埃及国王让人给他们自己修建坚固的坟墓.)
(4)不可用形容词、名词、代词、副词、介词短语等独立作谓语,必须在此之前加连系动词.
(5)谓语动词单复数形式:单数形式的动词有:is,was,has,does以及“动词+s”;复数形式的动词有:are,were,have以及动词原形.其他动词不分单、复数.
谓语部分第一个动词的形式\x09单数形式\x09复数形式
一般现在时be(是)动词;
现在某些时态和语态的助动词be\x09am (单一); are (单二); is (单三); \x09are
一般过去时be(是)动词;
过去某些时态和语态的助动词be\x09was (单一); were (单二); was;(单三)\x09were
一般现在时have(有)动词;
现在完成时态的助动词have\x09have (单一); have (单二); has (单三);\x09have
一般现在时行为动词和助动词do\x09do (单一、单二); does (单三)\x09do
实意动词和连系动词的一般现在时动词(否定和疑问句除外)\x09原形动词(单一、单二); 动词+s /es (单三)\x09原形动词
其他各时态语态的谓语动词\x09单复数形式相同
记住:主语、谓语单复数必须保持一致.(参见“4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题:”) Air and water is necessary to us all.(空气和水对于我们大家是必不可少的.)
(6)
一般问句和反意问句的回答不使用行为动词,应该使用“是”动词、情态动词、助动词(be,will,have,do以及变形).如:The
Olympic Games is held every other year, isn’t it? ----Yes, it
is.(奥运会每两年举办一次,是吗?----是的.)
3、宾语:又称受词,是指一个动作(动词)的接受者.宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语两大类,
其中直接宾语(经常指被做的人)指动作的直接对象,间接宾语说明动作的非直接,但受动作影响的对象.一般而言,及物动词后面最少要有一个宾语,而该宾语通
常为直接宾语,有些及物动词要求两个宾语,则这两个宾语通常一个为直接宾语,另一个为间接宾语.
(1)
由名词、代词(人称代词要用宾格)、不定式、动名词、(宾语)从句充当,表示动作的承受者是“谁”或者是“何物”.如: The angel also
came to Joseph and told him the same
thing.(那个天使同样来到约瑟夫面前并且告诉他同样的事情.)(代词和名词充当两个宾语) / He told me that the
company could not afford to pay him so much money.(他告诉我说公司付不起他那么多的钱.)
(不定式作宾语) / They enjoy watching football games so much that they often
forget their lessons. (他们如此喜爱看足球以至于常常忘记了他们的功课.) (动名词作宾语) / I think to be
a children’s doctor is very rewarding.(我认为当个儿童医生是很值得的.) (从句作宾语)
(2) 只有及物动词或介词才有宾语,不及物动词没有宾语,如果涉及到事物,则必须在不及物动词后面加合适的介词.Listen to the
radio. (listen不是及物动词,故加to.) / Can you hear anything
exciting?(你能听到什么令人兴奋的消息吗?)
(3)
宾语一般放在及物动词或介词的后面,但是在疑问句中,如果宾语是疑问词,则宾语要放在句首.介词的宾语如果是疑问词,则可以放在介词后或句首.
如:What did he see? (他看见了什么?) / What does he write a letter with?
(他用什么写的信?) / With what does he write a letter? (他用什么写的信?)
(4)“动词+副词+宾
语”结构中,如果宾语是代词,则代词必须放在“动”“副”之间.如:Please put the shoes away. (请把鞋子收起来.) /
Please put away the shoes. (请把鞋子收起来.) / Please put them away. (请把它们收起来.)
(5) 动词后面跟双宾语时可以采用两种结构:
①动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物).如:He often gives me some help. (他常常帮我.)
②动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语.注意,一般情况介词用to,但动词是make, buy, borrow时,介词用for.如: Please make me a kite. (请给我做个风筝.)或Please make a kite for me.
(6) 在“动词+宾语+宾补”结构中,如果宾语是不定式、动名词、宾语从句,则常用it做形式宾语,而将实际的宾语移到补语后面去.如:I
found the job rather difficult. (我发觉这个工作相当难做.) / I found it rather
difficult to do the job.
(7) 宾语可以由从句充当,详见“宾语从句”.
4、表语:
(1)
说明主语的身份、性质、状况等含义的成分,通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、代词等充当.如:He became a doctor after
he left high school.(高中毕业他当上了医生.) / The rubber wheels are over
there.(橡胶轮子在那边.) / He does not feel like eating anything today because
he has caught a bad cold.(他今天不想吃任何东西因为他得了重感冒.) / Who is it?(谁呀?)
(2) 表语只能放在连系动词(如:be,look,become,turn get,grow,feel,seem) 之后,对表语进行提问的句子除外.
(3) 代词做表语一般用主格,口语中常用宾.如:It’s I. (It’s me.)是我.
(4)
只能作表语的形容词有:sorry,afraid,alone,asleep,awake,ill,well,sure,interested等等.He
was terribly sorry for his carelessness.(他很为他的粗心而歉疚.) / Please make no
noise here; the baby is asleep.(请不要发出响动,婴儿正熟睡呢.) / I am only interested
in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!(我只是对独坐孤舟无所事事感兴趣.) / I am
not alone in thinking so.(并非只有我才这样想的.)
(5) 表语也可以由从句充当,详见“表语从句”.
5、定语:
(1)
修饰名词或代词的成分,常由形容词、名词(含所有格)、代词(物主、指示、疑问、不定)、介词短语、不定式(短语)充当,在初三阶段还学习了定语从句做定
语的知识.如:Put it in the top drawer.(把它放在最上层的抽屉里.) / France and Switzerland
are European countries. (法国和瑞士是欧洲国家.) / His mother and father are both
college teachers.(他的父母都是大学教师.) / This is the day that I can never forget
in my life.(这是我一辈子难忘的日子.)
(2) 单词做定语时一般放在被修饰的名词前面,而且有一定的次序:
冠词/
物代\x09年龄/形状/
大小/温度\x09色彩\x09来源\x09质地/
材料\x09目的/
用途\x09被修饰的名词(中心词)
a
the
my
his
…\x09old,young,…\x09red,
yellow,
blue,
…\x09Chinese,
English,
American,
…\x09wooden,
woolen,
glass,
silk,
paper
…\x09meeting,
tennis,
sports,
reading,
swimming,
…\x09box,
shoes,
room,
pig
…
\x09long,short,
round, square…\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09
\x09big, large,
small, little…\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09
\x09hot, cold,
warm, cool…\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09
(3)
时间副词(now,then,today,yesterday,...)、地点副词(here,there,back,in,out,home,...作
定语时放在被修饰的名词后面.如:I could not find my way out, so I stayed there all
along. (我找不到出去的路,所以就一直呆在那儿.)
(4) 介词短语修饰名词时只能放在名词的后面:The monkey in the cage was caught yesterday. (笼子里的猴子是昨天逮着的.)
(5) 形容词修饰复合不定代词时,往往后置.如:He remembered everything unusual. (他记得所有不寻常的事情.)
(6) 定语还可以用从句充当,详见 定语从句.
(7) 注意:由于定语属于修饰性的成分,因此它常归入主语、宾语、表语之中,不作为句子的主要成分.
6、状语:
(1)
说明动作“何时”、“何地”、“如何”发生,或者说明形容词或副词的程度,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式、状语从句等充当.如:I was not
born yesterday.(我又不是昨天才出世的娃娃.)/ For many of these families a college
ecation was something new.(对其中的许多家庭来说,大学教育是件新事物.)/ He woke up to find
his house on fire.(他醒来发现房子着火了.) / You cannot leave until your work is
finished.(在你的工作被完成以前你不能离开)
(2)
副词作状语位置较为灵活,详见《六•2》“副词在句子中的位置以及作用”;介词短语作状语,位置基本固定,详见《七•4》“介词短语在句子中的位置”;不
定式作状语,一般表示目的、结果,详见《八•7》“动词的非谓语形式”;从句作状语,详见《主从复合句》的“状语从句”.
(3)
多个状语相连时,一般先单词、后短语,先地点、后时间,先小概念、后大概念.如:He went ouf of the room at a
quarter to 23:00 last night and then disappeared into the
dark.(他昨夜22点3刻从房间里出来,然后消失在黑暗之中.) /
(4) 状语还可以用从句来充当,有时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句等.详见“状语从句”.
(5) 注意:由于状语属于修饰性的成分,常归入谓语,因此不作为句子的主要成分.
7、宾语补足语:
(1)
补充说明宾语的动作、状态的成分为宾语补足语,常由名词、形容词、动词非谓语形式(不定式、现在分词、过去分词等)、介词短语等充当.如:Call
him Jim, please. (请叫他Jim.) / I tried my best to make him happy.
(我竭尽所能让他开心.) / Ask her to come to dinner tomorrow. (请他明天来.) / He let the
smaller animals bring food to him. (他让小动物们给他带食物来.)
(2) 部分表示位置、方向的副词也可以作宾语补足语.如:Let him in, I tell you! (我跟你说,让他进来!)/ Please put it away. (请把它收起来.)
(3) 不定式或分词作宾语补足语的情况 (略)
❻ 初三英语语法总结
没什么难的地方.
1.不定代词(some any,all both,either neither,no none,each every,many much,few little的区别与联系)
A复合不定代词12个
Bsome any的用法
2.时态
A一般现在、过去、将来时
B现在、过去完成时
C过去、现在、将来进行时
D现在完成进行时
3.宾语从句(3种)
4.定语从句(以that为主)
5.构词法,主要词缀(un dis bi ab inter tele re ful tion less ese y ing ed ly able al等)
6.主要缩写
7.形容词与副词的比较级,最高级
A特殊变化与一般变化
B用法
8.动词的种类
行为、情态、联系、助动词
9.句子的成分
主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语
10.简单句5大基本句型(顺便掌握及物与不及物动词的区别)
11.动词不定式
A基本结构(to+动词原型,否定式为not to+动词原型)
B用法
C疑问词+不定式
12.被动语态
A主动与被动的概念
B构成
C情态动词被动语态
13.虚拟语气(以“现在不可能发生”为主)
结构为If+主+V-ed,主+would do。
注意从句里面be用were
14.双宾语
15.情态动词
caN could,should,would,would like,might may,have to must,need
特别注意掌握情态动词表推测
16.直接引语,间接引语
注意指示代词、时间与地点词、动词转换的情况
注意不转换的情况
注意主从一致
17.状语从句(特别是IF ,WHEN和UNTIL)
注意主句一般将来时,从句用一般现在表将来。
18.名词
A专有名词与普通名词
B可数与不可数
C可数名词单数与复数
D所有格
19.代词
A人称代词
B物主代词
C指示代词
20.数词
A基数词
B序数词
21.动词缩略形式
22.介词
A时间介词
B地点介词
C其他
23.冠词
24.分词
A现在与过去分词
B现在分词做主语等
C分词做定语
25.倒装
A so+动词+主语
B部分倒装
26.特殊
A季节,星期,月份,年份读法
B报时
C动词+介词,动词+副词的各种特殊意义
D其他(如7大洲,4大洋,扑克花色,电影.音乐的类型,国家与首都等)
{你是老师就很容易看懂上面这些了,如果是学生.那就去查查语法书吧.}
❼ 求初三英语的所有语法,句型。
冠词讲解
冠词是一种虚词,放在名词的前面,对名词进行限定。冠词与名词的关系密不可分,就好像“鱼儿离不开水”一样。冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词两种,它们在英语中使用率极高,也是历年来中考的考查重点。
冠词分为不定冠词a / an和定冠词the,在具体使用时可分为用不定冠词、定冠词和不用冠词三种情况。它的基本用法我们可以用以下口诀来记忆:
泛指用a/ an,单数可数;特指用the,不特不the。
【注】(1)泛指用a / an,单数可数——泛指的可数名词单数前要用a / an。如:I want an apple.
(2)特指用the——如果是特指,那么无论是可数名词单数、复数或不可数名词前均要用the。如:The pencil is mine. / I don’t like the pencils on the desk.
(3)不特不the——不特指则不用the,包括泛指的可数名词单数前用a / an,泛指的可数名词复数前不用冠词,泛指的不可数名词前也不用冠词三种情况。如:I like monkeys. / I don’t like bread.
一、不定冠词的基本用法
1. 第一次提到的人或事物:
I bought _____________(一辆自行车)yesterday.
There is _____________(一块橡皮)on the desk.
2. 表示有某人或某物,但不具体说明是何人或何物:
_____________(一个学生)is looking for you.
3. 表示一类人或事物中的任何一个:
_____________(火车)is faster than _____________(汽车).
_____________(大象)is stronger than _____________(马).
4. 虽然有“一”的含义,但不强调数量:
I have _____________(一个姐姐). Her name is Lily.
5. 用于表示时间、长度、价格等的单位名词前,表“每一”,相当于every:
You should take this medicine _____________________(一天三次).
The apples are three yuan _____________(每公斤).
6. 习惯用法:
a few___________, a little___________, a lot of___________, a number of_____________,
have a rest_____________, take / have a look_____________, make a face_____________,
in a hurry_____________, for a while_____________ …
记忆口诀
不定冠词a或an,表“一”但不强调“一”;人或事物首次提,单位名词前“每一”;
表示有人、有某物,何人何物不具体;强调类别任一个,习惯用法记心里。
二、a和an用法巧记
1. a用于辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前,an用于元音音素开头的单数可数名词前。注意:要看读音是元音开头还是辅音开头,而不是根据字母。如_______________(一个小时),_______________(一把雨伞)等。
如果名词前有修饰语,那么用a还是an取决于该修饰语的第一个音素是辅音还是元音。如:___________________(一本有用的书),___________________(一个诚实的男孩),
___________________(一个不高兴的女孩),__________________(一个不寻常的故事)等。
2. a, e, i, o, 这四个元音字母,以及f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x这八个辅音字母单独使用时,因其发音均以元音开头,所以要用an。我们可以用一句话来概括前面用an的所有字母,Mr. Li has one fox.(李先生有一只狐狸。)举例如下:
This time I got ___________(一个A)in my homework.
There is ___________(一个n)in the word “lend”.
I bought ___________(a / an)MP5 yesterday.
3. 用8, 11, 18, 80, 800等阿拉伯数字组成的短语前要用an,其他用a。如:
That is an eight-meter-wide bridge.
He is only an 11-year-old boy.
I had a talk with an 80-year-old man on the street yesterday.
三、定冠词的基本用法
1. 用在“特指”谈话双方都知道的某个人或某些人或物前。如:
Where is ______________?老师在哪里?
2. 用在上文已提到的人或事物前。如:
I can see a cat. ______________ is Lucy’s. 我能看见一只猫,那只猫是露茜的。
3. 用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如:
______________ goes around ______________. 地球围绕着太阳转。
4. 用在序数词或形容词最高级前。如:
He is always ______________ to get to school. 他总是第一个到校。
Mike is ______________ of the three boys. 迈克是三个男孩中最高的一个。
5. 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:
the Great Wall(长城) the People’s Park(人民公园 )
6. 用在一些习惯用语中或乐器名词前。如:
in the day(在白天) play the piano(弹钢琴)
记忆口诀
特指双熟悉,上文已提及,世上独一无二,序数最高级,某些专有名,习语及乐器。
四、零冠词的用法
1. 名词前已有作定语用的this, that, these, those, my, your, his, her, our, their, some等限定词时,不用冠词。如:this eraser, her pencil-box, some boxes, those women等。
2. 泛指的不可数名词前一般不用冠词。如:meat, rice, water, bread, tea, milk, juice等。
3. 复数名词表示泛指时,不用冠词。如:The people in the room are doctors. 房间里的那些人是医生。
4. 在表示学科的名词前一般不用冠词。如:Chinese, English, maths, physics, history等。5. 在三餐饭和球类运动名词前一般不加冠词。如:have breakfast/ lunch/ supper, play basketball / football等。
6. 在季节、节日、星期、月份前不用冠词。如:autumn, summer, winter, spring, Teachers’ Day, Children’s Day, Sunday, February等。
7. 在表颜色、语种和国家名词前不用冠词。如:white, brown, French, Australia等。
8. 在表示称呼语的名词之前,以及职务、头衔的名词前不用冠词。如:
Doctor Green is a scientist. 格林博士是位科学家。
记忆口诀
代词限定名词前,专有名词不可数,复数名词表泛指,
学科球类三餐饭,季节星期月份前,颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。
五、有无定冠词意思迥异
英语中有些名词,如bed, class, hospital, school, church等,当不强调这次词所表示的场所,只强调它们的专门作用时,前面不带定冠词;否则要加定冠词。如:
1. at table在进餐 at the table在桌旁
2. at desk做读书或做作业 at the desk在书桌旁
3. at school在上学,在求学(是学生) at the school在学校里(不一定是学生)
4. at sea在海上航行 at the sea在海边
5. in class在上课 in the class在班里
6. in prison坐牢 in the prison在监狱
7. in bed卧床,睡觉 in the bed在床上
8. in front of在……的前面 in the front of在……的前部
9. go to bed去睡觉 go to the bed到床边或床前
10. go to hospital入院治疗 go to the hospital去医院(不一定是病人)
11. go to church去教堂做礼拜、做祷告 go to the church去教堂(为了别的目的)
12. go to school去上学(不强调场所) go to the school到学校去(开家长会等)
冠词练习
一、在下列句中空白处填入适当冠词,不需用冠词处划 / 。
1.There is _______ picture of _______ elephant on _______ wall.
2.This is _______ useful book.I've read it for _______ hour.
3._______ elephant is much heavier than _______ horse.
4._______ doctor told him to take _______ medicine three times _______ day.
5.Let's go out for _______ walk.
6.It's too hot.Open _______ door, please.
7.There is _______ woman over there._______ woman is Meimei's mother.
8._______ sun rises in _______ east.
9._______ Changjiang River is _______ longest river in _______ China.
10.This is _______ second time I have been here.
11.Washington is _______ capital of _______ USA.
12._______ Turners are living at the end of _______ Turner Street.
13.He joined the army in _______ spring of _______ 1995.
14._____ old man is _____ teacher.He likes playing _____ basketball after _____ supper.
15.After I had _______ quick breakfast,I hurried to school.
二、选择填空。
( )1.—Does Jim have _______ ruler?
—Yes,he has _______.
A.an;some B.a;one C.a;/ D.any;one
( )2.There is _______ old bike. _______ old bike is Mr. Zhao's.
A.an ;The B.the;An C.a;The D.the;The
( )3._______ apple a day keeps the doctors aw ay.
A.The B.A C.An D.Two
( )4.—How many books do you have?
—I have _______ book.That's _______ English book.
A.a;an B.a;one C.one;an D.one;one
( )5.At that time Tom was _______ one-year-old baby.
A.a B.an C.the D./
( )6._______ tiger is from _______ China.
A.The;a B.A;the C.The;/ D.The;the
( )7.We can't see _______ sun at _______ night.
A.the;the B.the;/ C.a;/ D./;/
( )8._______ useful book it is!
A.What an B.How a C.What a D.What
( )9.One afternoon he found ___ handbag.There was ___ “s” on the corner of __ handbag.
A.a;an;the B.a;a;the C.an;an;an D.the;a;a
( )10._______ old lady with white hair spoke _______ English well at _______ meeting.
A.An;an;a B.The;/;an C.The;/;a D.The;/;the
( )11._______ Great Wall is _______ longest wall in the world.
A.A;a B.The;the C.A;the D.The;a
( )12.Does Tom often play _______ football after _______ school?
A./;/ B./;the C.the;/ D.a;/
( )13.The museum is quite far.It will take you half _____ hour to get there by _____ bus.
A.an;/ B.an;a C.a;/ D./;/
( )14.Beijing is _______ beautiful city.It's _______ capital of China.
A.a;a B.the;the C./;the D.a;the
( )15.She has _______ orange skirt. _______ skirt is nice.
A.a;The B.an;The C.an;A D.the;The
( )26. Cindy is ________ amazing singer. She has lots of fans.(2010 河北省)
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
❽ 求初一到初三所有英语语法
A)、名词的数
我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:
一)在后面加s.如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es.如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, ty-ties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s.如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四)以o结尾加s(外来词).如:radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯
五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s).如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks