英语表语从句语法

❶ 英语中 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 重点是 定语从句 还有 各种状语从句 的语法及例句

Buy a grammar book

❷ 英语各种语法的英文名称，例如名词性从句怎么说

1、句式

从句clause

从属句 subordinate clause

并列句 coordinate clause

名词从句 nominal clause

定语从句 attributive clause

状语从句adverbial clause

宾语从句 object clause

主语从句 subject lause

同位语从句appositive clause

时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time

地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place

方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner

让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession

原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause

结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result

目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose

条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition

真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of real condition

非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of unreal condition

含蓄条件句 adverbial clause of implied condition

错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition

句子 sentence

简单句simple sentence

并列句compound sentence

复合句 complex sentence

并列复合句 compound complex sentence

陈述句 declarative sentence

疑问句interrogative sentence

2、时态

时态tense

过去将来时past future tense

过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense

过去将来完成时 past future perfect tense

一般现在时 present simple tense

一般过去时past simple tense

一般将来时future simple tense

现在完成时 past perfect tense

过去完成时present perfect tense

将来完成时 future perfect tense

现在进行时 present continuous tense

过去进行时past continuous tense

将来进行时 future continuous tense

过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense

现在完成进行时 present perfect continuous tense

过去完成进行时 past perfect continuous tense

(2)英语表语从句语法扩展阅读

句型结构

句子按其结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。

1、简单句

基本形式：简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。其它各种句子形式都是由此句型发展而来，如五大基本句型：

（1）主语+谓语（s.+predicate）

这种句型简称为主谓结构，其谓语一般都是不及物动词，例：Things change.事物是变化的。Nobody went.没有人去。

（2）主语+系动词+表语（s.+link v.+predicative）

这种句型称为主系表结构，其实联系动词在形式上也是一种谓语动词，系动词与表语一起构成了复合谓语，例：Mr. Turner is an artist.特纳先生是位画家。

（3）主语+谓语+宾语（s.+predicate+o.）

这种句型可称为主谓宾结构，它的谓语一般多是及物动词，例：We never beat children.我们从来不打孩子。

（4）主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（s.+predicate+oi.+od.）

这种句型可称为主谓宾宾结构，其谓语应是可有双宾语的及物动词，两个宾语一个是间接宾语，一个是直接宾语，例：He gave the book to his sister.他把这本书给了他的妹妹。

（5）主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（s.+predicate+o.+o.c.）

这种句型可简称为主谓宾补结构，其补语是宾语补语，与宾语一起即构成复合宾语，例：I found the book easy.我发现这本书不难。（形容词easy作补语）

注意：有时两个或更多的并列主语拥有一个共同的谓语，甚至并列有两个主语和两个谓语，这样的句子仍然是简单句，例：China and other countries in the east Asia are developing rapidly.

中国和东亚其它国家正在迅速地发展。（China and other countries并列主语）

2、It引导结构

It 既是代词又是引词。作代词时，它可做人称代词、指示代词、非人称代词，用于前指、非确指或习语中。作引词时，它本身无实义，只起先行引导的作用。

可作形式主语（it is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth.）或形式宾语（it + adj. + to do sth.），真实的主语或宾语是不定式、动名词或名词从句，它们则放在后面。

It 也用于强调句结构。如想强调某个词或部分，可用it is (was) + 强调部分（主语、宾语或状语） + that(who）…的强调结构。本章要求了解代词it 和引词it 的各种用法，重点掌握it 用于前指或后指；引导词it 用于强调结构。

3、并列句

两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子，叫做并列句，其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。

并列连词有：and, but, or, so等。并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。

4、复合句

复杂句（Complex Sentence）由一个主句（Principal Clause）和一个或一个以上的从句（Subordinate Clause）构成。

主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在；从句则是一个句子成分，不能独立存在。

从句不能单独成句，但它也有主语部分和谓语部分，就像一个句子一样。所不同在于，从句须由一个关联词（connective）引导。

❸ 关于英语的语法结构

太多了，你慢慢看吧
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语等。

顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。

1、主语
主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当。
Helikeswatch'ingTV.他喜欢看电视。
2、谓语
谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。
一般可分为两类：
1)，简单谓语
由动词(或短语动词)构成。
可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。
Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我们为人民学习。
2)，复合谓语：情态动词＋不定式
Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以说一点英语。
3、表语
表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语等充当。
Mysis'terisanurse.我姐姐是护士。
4、宾语
宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。
WelikeEng'lish.我们喜欢英语。
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。
Hegavemesom'eink.他给了我一点墨水。
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如：
Wemakehimourmon'itor.我们选他当班长。
5、定语
在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。
用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。
Heisanewstu'dent.他是个新生。
但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。
Thebikeintheroomismine.房间里的自行车是我的。
6、状语
修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词，介词短语，不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。
HelivesinLon'don.他住在伦敦。
7.补语
用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作，因为英语中有些动词加宾语后意思仍然不完整，如：make(使...),ask(请)等等。如果我们说：我们使我们的祖国。这不是一句完整的话。应该说：我们使我们的祖国更美丽。这是的“美丽的（beautiful)”为形容词做补语，说明祖国的状态。英语句子为:We will make our country more beautiful.作补语的词或词组为：形容词，副词，名词，不定式，ing形式，数词等。
8.宾补

就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的
例：I know you are student good at maths
在这个句子中，good at maths 就是补语。
宾语补语也可以是句子，所以这个句子也可以是：
I know you are student who is good at maths
还可以是-ing 形式
I see you crossing the street
简单说就是补充和说明主语和宾语的成分.因此,就出现了主语补足语和宾语补足语.上面两位举的例子都不错.只是热雪冰冷的宾补的句子例子不是很恰当哦.他的例子是定语从句 啊 还有 主语补足语可以是表语 例如:Tom is a student.student是对Tom的解释与说明. 另外,Tom was seen playing on the playground.这个句子中playing是对Tom的解释说明 是主补

定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。

一、 限定性定语从句

1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置

2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢

3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略

4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语

5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句

6. when引导定语从句表示时间

〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导

By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.

I still remember the first time I met her.

Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.

7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格

8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导

二、非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立

1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分

2. 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which

Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。

I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。

We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。

3. 有时as也可用作关系代词

4. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物

状语从句

§ 1状语从句的种类

用来修饰谓语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可分为：

1.时间状语从句；(adverbial clause of time)

2.地点状语从句；(adverbial clause of place)

3.原因状语从句；(adverbial clause of cause)

4.条件状语从句；(adverbial clause of condition)

5.目的状语从句；(adverbial clause of purpose)

6.让步状语从句；(adverbial clause of concession)

7.比较状语从句；(adverbial clause of comparison)

8.程度状语从句；(adverbial clause of degree)

9.方式状语从句；(adverbial clause of manner)

10.结果状语从句。(adverbial clause of result)

§2状语从句的时态特点

一般情况下，时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”，用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。例如：

I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我一到北京就给你打电话。（这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句，从句中的谓语动词arrive是一般现在时，表示一般将来时，决不可用will arrive）

As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home. 我一完成此工作，就回家。（从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时have finished，表示将来完成时,决不可用will have finished）

If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回来了，请通知我。（从句中的谓语动词用comes back,表示一般将来时，决不可用will come back）

二 时间状语从句

§3时间状语从句（adverbial clause of time）

1.由when, while, as引导的时间状语从句。例如：

When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.当你以为自己一无所知的时候，你就是在开始知道一些事物了。

When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out , it blows up everything with it.当真理被埋在地下的时候，它在生长，它感到压抑，它蓄存着这么一种爆炸性力量，一旦冒出，它就会炸破一切！

Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。

Will you watch my clothes while I have a swim. 我游泳的时候，请你照看一下我的衣服。

You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it. 当你的手在空气中挥动的时候，你就能感觉到空气在流动。

Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.我们的校长边谈边笑。

【区别】when, while和as的区别：when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。例如：

When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我在吃饭。(瞬时动词)

When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当的住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词）

We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。

While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如：

While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生)

I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。（对比）

As表示“一边……一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后。例如：

We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。（as表示“一边……一边”）

As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）

2.由before和after引导的时间状语从句。注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。例如：

It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。

Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。

My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。

They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。

After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。

After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后，我们回家了。（从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时）

3.由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。例如：

I didn't go to bed until（till） my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。

It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。

I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。

I didn't work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。

Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。

4.由since引导的时间状语从句。 since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is ＋时间＋since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。例如：

I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。

Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了？

It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。

It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。

5.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引导的时间状语从句。这些连词都表示“一……就”。例如：

I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭，我立即到那里去。

The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息，马上赶到了出事地点。

As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。

【注意】hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。例如：

He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到家，就被邀请开始另一旅程。

No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起，他就起床劳动去了。

Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下，他就进来了。

He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。

6.由by the time引导的时间状语从句。注意时态的变化：在一般情况下，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。例如：

By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时，我已经写完这本书了。

By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候，我将已经完成此工作了。

7.由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句。例如：

Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次来哈尔滨，总是来看我。

Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候，我猜想他就要说谎了。

You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你，见你更年轻了。

8.由as long as和so long as引导的时间状语从句。这两个连词表示“有多久……就多久”。例如：

You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. 你可以随意到哪里去，只要在天黑以前回来就行。

I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body! 只要我一息尚存，我就要反对这种境况。

三 地点状语从句

§4地点状语从句 (adverbial clause of place)

地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导，已经形成了固定的句型，例如：

句型1：Where＋地点从句，（there）＋主句。

【注意】此句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”；主句在从句后面时，there可用可不用；如果主句在从句的前面时，一般都不用there。例如：

Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的，或根本不可能的。

They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed. 他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。

You should have put the book where you found it. 你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。

Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中国共产党，哪里人民得解放。

句型2：Anywhere/ wherever＋地点从句，＋主句。

【注意】anywhere本身是个副词，但是，常可以引导从句，相当于连词，意思相似于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。 而wherever本身就是个连词，表示“在何处，无论何处”。例如：

Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海员。

❹ 英语语法英语从句

主要是宾语从句和状语从句，如果说考的稍微难一些的话就是定语从句以及名词性从句，一般考的话后两者的难度不会很大。
宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语，从句放在主句之后，前后不用逗号分开。

宾语从句：
引导宾语从句的词有：

连词that(在口语中that常可省略)，if, whether,如：

He knows that Jim will work hard.

连接代词who, whom, which等，如：

Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?

连接副词when, where, how, why等，如：Could you tell me how we can get to the station?

3.whether和if都有“是否”的意思，一般情况下两者可以换用，但在介词之后，

不定式之前，与or not连用，在句首或在引导表语从句，同位语从句时，只能用whether,如：I want to know if/whether the news is true. He doesn't know whether to stay or not?

4.宾语从句要用陈述句语序。

5.宾语从句一定要注意时态呼应，即：当主句谓语动词是过去式时，从句中谓语动

词也要用过去范畴的时态，但若从句陈述的是真理或客观规律，其谓语的时态仍用一般现在时，如：

He asked who could answer the question.

My father told me that the earth goes around the sun.

6.一个宾语从句只能用一个连词。

7.当主句谓语动词是think, believe等动词时，宾语从句的否定意义要放到主句中。另外，当主句主语为第一人称时，后面若接附加疑问句，那么附加疑问句的主语、谓语应与从句中的主谓语保持一致。如：

I don't think he looks like his father, does he?

8.直接引语和间接引语也是宾语从句，直接引语是引述别人的原话，放在引号内，

不用连词联接；间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话，通常用连接词与主句联接。

(1)陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句，如：

He said,“I'm happy.”[FY()[FY]]He said that he was happy.

(2)一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句，如：

He asked me,“Does his father know Mr Green?”

---He asked me if his father knew Mr Green.

(3)特殊疑问句变为由who, what, where, how等疑问词(连接代词或连接副词)引导的宾语从句，如：

He asked me,“Where is Mr Wang?”

---He asked me where Mr Wang was.

注意上述例句中连词、时态、语序等变化

❺ 英语语法，表语从句that与which的区别，最好能引出出处。

表语从句表示陈述意义用that,which在这样从句的疑问意义，哪一个/一些

❻ 英语语法，表语从句改分词短语

很高兴为你解答！

这里know改成knowing不是现在分词短语，而是动名词短语，因而前面的人称代词主格we要改成形容词性物主代词our，用来修饰限定后面的动名词短语。

❼ 英语语法问题：I am sure that 这算宾语从句还是表语从句

I am sure 是系表结构，后面的从句是表语补足语。

❽ 英语中从句的语法大全

英语中六大从句用法总结
1.主语从句
1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有：
*It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that...
*It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that...
*It is clear\important\likely\possible that...
*It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that...
It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.
It seems that the performance is very useful.
2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。
What we lack is experience.
3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。
How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.
I did know why I felt like crying.
2.宾语从句
1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。
*I promised that I would change the situation.
*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.
*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.
*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.
2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。
He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.
3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。
He didn't think that the money was well spent.
3.表语从句
表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.
Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.
The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.
It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.
4.同位语从句
同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。
She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.
I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.
The news came that their team had won the championship.
5.定语从句
定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。
*限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of which；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。
The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.
Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.
The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.
1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。
That is all that I've heard from him.
He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.
2)关系代词的省略
在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。
This is one of those things with which we have to put up.
This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with.
3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。
Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.
No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.
5.定语从句
*非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。
Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.
*“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句
“介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。
This is the computer on which he spent all his savings
It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.
*as引导的定语从句
as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。
These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems)
As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语)
6.状语从句
*时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：
1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。
We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.
2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every) time,the moment,immediately(that)等。
As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses.
The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.
*地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.
Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her.
*原因、结果和目的状语从句
1）引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等。
Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.
2)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that,such...that
,so that,that,so等。
Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.
3)引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等，从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词。
We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.
*条件和让步状语从句
1）引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等。
As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.
2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。though,even if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”。
No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.
Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)
Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)
*方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的连词有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。
The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.
Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.

❾ 英语语法问题，简单举例同位语和表语从句的区别

同位语抄从句是放在一个名词/代词之后袭，用于解释说明前者具体内容。
比如：I have got the news that you failed the exam.

表语从句则是放在主句的系动词之后，和前者一起构成系表结构。
比如：The news is that you failed the exam.

❿ 英语语法中表语从句的位置\含义及判断方法,和全倒装句与部分倒装之间的差别与判定.

表语一般放在主语之后，如He is (a boy).表语从句当然也是放在表语的位置，例：回He always does (what he thinks).表语是用来说答明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的。部分倒装中，只有谓语倒装，主语正常，例如：Only it is shining can we go out.全倒装句中，当然主语、谓语、宾语也都是倒装，例如：Here comes he.正常语句为，he comes here.