㈠ 初二下学期英语语法重点
一．定义
语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。
■当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。
The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天，教室的前窗被打破了。(不知谁打破的)
They have been poorly paid. 他们的工资太低。(没必要指出工资是谁付的)
■突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。
The time-table has been changed. 时间表已变动了。(要突出的是“时间”)
These books are written especially for children. 这些书是专门为孩子们写的。(强调的是“”这些书)
■为了使语言得体或圆滑等不愿意说出动作的执行者。如：
You are requested to make a speech at next meeting. 请您在下次会议上作个发言。
It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 据说她要嫁给一个外国人。
■出于修辞的原因，或是说为了更好地安排句子。如：
The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area. 这个提议特别遭到了那些在本地区投资很大的人的反对。(因those的定语太长了，若用它作主语，主语与谓语就相距太远而显得句子松散。)
8种常用时态的被动语态
由“助动词be + 动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be 有时态、人称和数的变化。
(1) 一般现在时：am/is/are +过去分词。如：
Rice is grown in south China. 华南种植水稻。
(2) 一般过去时：was/were+过去分词。如：
The glass was broken yesterday. 这块玻璃是昨天打烂的。
(3) 现在进行时：am/is/are being +过去分词。如：
The project is being carried out. 这个计划正在执行中。
(4) 过去进行时：was/were/being +过去分词。如：
This road was being built this time last year. 这条路去年这个时候还在修建。
(5) 一般将来时：will be +过去分词。如：
The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 这些汽车将由水路运往国外。
(6) 过去将来时：would be +过去分词。如：
The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 经理说这个工程在年底前将会完成。
(7) 现在完成时：have/has been +过去分词。如：
This novel has been translated into several languages. 这本小说已被译成了几种语言。
(8) 过去完在时：had been +过去分词。如：
When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 我到达剧院时，发现票已卖完了。 给分哦，
㈡ 初二下册英语第四单元重点词组句子
是什么版本的？我有外研版的，英汉都全，希望能帮到你，记得采纳，谢谢~~版
Mole 4
1. lend sb sth=lend sth to sb
把某物借给权某人（借出）
borrow sth from sb
从某人处借某物（借入）
2. turn on 打开
turn off 关闭
turn up 开大/高一点
turn down 关小/低一点
3. play back (录音等) 回放
4. come on (灯)亮
5. by email 通过邮件
6. connect …to …
把…和…连接起来
7. video camera 录像机
8. take a photo with…用…拍照
take a photo of …拍…的照片
9. the surpring advice
令人惊讶的建议
10.pick up 捡起…
pick+水果 摘（果）…
11. bite sb on the hand
咬伤某人的手
12. climb out of 爬出…
13. land in…落在…里
14. stay cool 保持凉爽
15. save one’s life 救某人的命
㈢ 初二下英语1到4单元语法重点总结！！！
http://wenku..com/view/90e18d2c0066f5335a812139.html
㈣ 初二英语上册第四单元语法、重点
1.If 引导的条件状语从句，because 引导的原因状语从句和because of 引导的原因状语。
2. 条件状语从句里，回要注意if后的句子多用答一般现在时，而主句多用将来时。
3because引导的原因状语从句有时候侯可以和because of + 词组进行转换。
如： He was late because It rained heavily.
换成He was late because of the heavy rain.
㈤ 人教版新目标初二英语上第四单元的语法要点
far+from depend+onmust+V原ill为表语形容词近义词sickso mucha number of相当于many 许多的意思a small number of一少部分a large number of 一大部分the number of ....的数量around the word=all over the word全世界重点语句1.can I help you？2.how far is it from here?3.how long does it take?4.thank you very much 5.you are welcome6.how do you get to school重点语法1.by+交通工具名词2.by+交通路线位置3.in+交通工具名词4.on+限定词+交通工具名词5.take a、the+交通工具名词6.ride+限定词+交通工具名词7.fly+to表示乘飞机；飞往8.表示步行去某地可用go to+某地+on foot，也可用walk to+某地9.not all译为不都相当于all..not...10.leave for意为动身去...11.leave..for...意为离开去...12.It takes +一段时间+to do sth以为做某事花费某人多长时间
㈥ 八年级下学期英语每单元重点语法列出来
1. 一般将来时 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。例如：He will come to see you next month.他下个月将会来看你。Will people use money in five hundred years?500年后人们用钱吗？2. 委婉建议用should should作为情态动词，可用于各种人称，意为“应该”，用于表示劝告、建议等，其否定形式为shouldn’t。例如：You should write a letter to your mother.你应该给你妈妈写封信。He shouldn’t drink and drive.他不应该酒后驾车。3. 过去进行时 表示在过去某个时间正在进行的动作或过去某一阶段一直进行的动作。例如：—What were you doing when your mother came in? 你妈妈进来时你正在干什么？—I was playing computer games. 我正在玩电脑游戏。4. 直接引语与间接引语 直接引语指直接引述别人的原话，而间接引语则指用自己的话转述别人的话。直接引语变间接引语时，要注意在人称和时态上作适当的调整。例如：He said, “I will fly to Paris tomorrow.”→ He said that he would fly to Paris tomorrow / the next day.Mr.81 回答采纳率:20.1% 2010-06-06 14:23 楼主，您好Unit 11. Words &phrases: how often , hardly , twice , once , difference , look after , although ,etc .2. Learn to talk about how often do you do things .3. 一些表示频率的副词: always , usually , often , never , hardly ever , sometimes .4. 句子结构: What do you usually do on weekends ?How often ··· ?及回答. how often引起的特殊疑问句及回答.2. “be good for” means :有益于…，对…有好处.Unit 2Unit 31. Words & phrases: babysit ,get back , fishing , rent , think about , decide(on) , tourist etc.2. How to talk about future plans .3. 现在进行时表示将来计划或行动.4. 特殊疑问句（where , when , how long引导）Important and difficult points :Drills :What are you doing for vacation ?I’m watching TV .When are you going ?I’m going … .How long are you staying ?We’re staying for five days .Unit 41. Words & phrases: get to , how far , bicycle , subway , minute , mile , bus stop .2. Talk about how to get to places (谈论出行方式)take the bus /subway /train /taxi , ride a bike /walk .3. how引导的特殊疑问句，表示乘坐何种交通工具的方式.how far ,how long 引导的特殊疑问句.4. 基数词及时间的表示方法.how /how far /how long 引导的特殊疑问句.乘坐交通工具的表示方法.It takes /will take/took sb some time to do sth .使用how many 和how much 分别对可数名词和不可数名词的量提问.情感目标:培养学生热爱劳动的习惯.掌握由there be 结构和行为动词构成的一般过去时.掌握规则和不规则动词的过去时.掌握一般过去时态的以how long , when , where 等疑问词开头的特殊疑问句.掌握一般将来时的用法. be going to 的用法.Could you please + do sth ?Could you + do sth ?有礼貌地提出请求.掌握一些形容词的比较级和最高级.特殊形容词的比较级和最高级：一、比较级的定义：大多数的形容词都有三个级别：原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示“更……”，用于两者之间的比较，用来说明“前者比后者更……”，比较级前面一般用much, even, a little修饰，其中even, much 只能修饰比较级。二、比较级的构成：（1）规则变化：①单音节和部分双音节的形容词一般在词尾加-erEg: calm---calmer tall---taller smart---smarter②以字母e结尾的直接在词尾加-rEg: nice---nicer fine---finer large---larger③以“辅音+y 结尾的词，变y为 i，再加-er”Eg: early---earlier happy---happier busy---busier④以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词，双写辅音字母，再加-erEg: big---bigger thin---thinner hot---hotter⑤多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加moreEg: popular---more popular important---more important（2）不规则变化：少数形容词的比较级变化是不规则的：good---better bad/ill---worse many/much---morelittle---less far---farther/further old---older/elder三、比较级的用法:(一)当两个人或事物（A和B）进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词（副词）的原级或者比较级1． 表达“A和B一样”，用as…as的结构。公式: A+be动词+as+形容词原级+as…+BA+实义动词+as+副词原级+as…+BEg I am as tall as you.我和你一样高。He runs as fast as I. 他跑得和我一样快。2．表达“A不如B”用not as…as的结构。公式: A+be动词的否定形式+as+形容词原级+as…+BA+助词的否定形式+动词+as+形容词原级+as…+BEg I am not as tall as you.我没有你高。He doesn’t run as fast as I. 他没有我跑得快。2． 表达“A大于B”用“比较级+than”的结构。公式: A+be动词+形容词比较级+than+B…A+实义动词+副词比较级+than+B…Eg I am taller than you.我比你高。He runs faster than I. 他跑得比我快。(二)关于形容词、副词比较级的更多用法1．比较级前面可以加上表示“优劣程度”的词或短语，意思是“更…”，“…得…”。常见词有much, a little, even, a lot, a great deal等。Eg He is much taller than I.他比我要高得多。I jump a little higher than he.我跳得比他高一点点。想一想，这些词能修饰形容词或副词的原级吗？2.比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”，“小多少”，“长多少”，“短多少”等。Eg I am two years older than he.我比他大两岁。This building is 20 meters higher than that one.3．“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。 It is getting warmer and warmer．天气越来越暖和。He is running faster and faster．他跑得越来越快。0ur country is becoming more and more beautiful．我们祖国越来越美了。4．“the more…， the more…”表示“越……，就越……”，The more，the better.多多益善。The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.你越细心，犯错就越少。5．“the more…of the two…”表示“两个当中较。。。的一个”The taller of the two boys is my brother.四、当三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词（副词）的最高级1．表达“…是…中最…的”,用“the+形容词（副词）的最高级”的结构。后面可以加上表示范围的介词短语或从句。公式：主语+be动词+the +形容词最高级+（名词）+表示范围的介词短语或从句主语+实义动词+（the） +形容词最高级+表示范围的介词短语或从句Eg He is the tallest (student) in our class. He jumps the highest of the three boys.This is the best book that I have ever read.2．表示“最…的…中一个”，用“one of +the +最高级+复数名词”的结构来表达。Eg He is one of the best students in our class.他是我们班最好的学生之一。This is one of the most beautiful flowers in the garden.这是花园里最漂亮的花之。注意：(一) 形容词的最高级前面有定冠词the , 而副词的最高级前面定冠词the可以省略。但在形容词最高级前有物主代词时，不能要定冠词the.（二）常见的用来表示范围的介词有in, of, among五、运用形容词、副词比较级应当注意的问题： (一)、按语法规则，than后面的人称代词应当用主格，但口语当中有时会用宾格代替主格。 Eg He is more careful than I (me).(二)、只有同类的事物才能比较 e.g Her bag is bigger than mine. 不能说 Her bag is bigger than I.The weather of Kunming is much better than that of Shenyang.谢谢采纳！
㈦ 急需 新目标 初二英语 下册 第四单元的所有重点词组！
1:be mad at =be angry with 和某人生气
2:not any more 再也不。。。。
3:reported speech 间接引语
4:pass on the message; 传递消息 pass the message to sb 通知某人
5:be supposed to do 被期望做
6:hard--working 努力工作
7:do well in=be good at 擅长
8:be in good health 身体健康
9:report card 成绩单
10:be nervous about 担心。。。。
11:be lucky to do 幸运地做某事
12:get over （it） 克服
13:graate from 从。。毕业
14:care for=look after=take care of 照顾
15:be in danger 某人正处于危险中
16:get nervous 焦虑
17:end--of--year exams 期末考试
18:be sorry to do 很遗憾。。
19:be surprised to do 对做。。很惊讶
20:have a fight with sb 和某人打架
21:it is + adj for sb to do 做。。。对某人是。。的 EG：It's good for you to eat breakfast.
22:one's own work 某人自己的工作
23:want to be 想要成为
24:in a poor mountain 在一个穷山区
25:as a volunteer 作为一个志愿者
26:open up one's eyes 打开某人的眼界
㈧ 关于八年级（人教版）英语前四单元知识点总结！
资料多,放不下
新目标八年级（上）英语复习提纲(全套)
Unit 1: How often do you exercise?
1. go to the movies 去看电影
2. look after = take care of 照顾
3. surf the internet 上网
4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式
5. go skate boarding 去划板
6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康
7. exercise=take(much)exercise=do sports锻炼
8. eating habits 饮食习惯
9. take more exercise 做更多的运动
10. the same as 与什么相同
11. be different from 不同
12. once a month一月一次
13. twice a week一周两次
14. make a difference to 对什么有影响
15. how often 多久一次
16. although = though虽然
17. most of the students=most students
18. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物
19. as for至于
20. activity survey活动调查
21. do homework做家庭作业
22. do house work做家务事
23. eat less meat吃更少的肉
24. junk food垃圾食物
25. be good for 对什么有益
26. be bad for对什么有害
27. want to do sth 想做某事
28. want sb to do sth想某人做某事
29. try to do sth 尽量做某事
30. come home from school放学回家
31. of course = certainly = sure当然
32. get good grades取得好成绩
33. some advice
34. hardly=not nearly / almost not几乎不
35. keep/be in good health保持健康
36.be stressed紧张的，有压力的
37. take a vacation 去度假
48.get back 回来
Unit 2 What’s the matter?
1. Have a cold 感冒
2. sore back 背痛
3. neck and neck 并驾齐驱，齐头并进
4. I have a stomachache 我胃痛
= I have got a stomachache
= There is something wrong with my stomach
= My stomach hurts
= I have (got) a pain in my stomach
5. What’s the matter? 怎么了？
= What’s the trouble (with you)?
= What’s your trouble?
= What’s wrong (with you)?
= What’ the matter (with you)?
=What has happened to you?
= Is there anything wrong (with you)? = what’s up?
6. sore throat 咽喉痛
7. lie down and rest 躺下休息
8. see a dentist 看牙医
9. drink lots of water 多喝水
10. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶
11.That’s a good idea 好主意
12.That’s too bad 太糟糕了
13.I think so 我认为如此
14. I’m not feeling well. 我觉得不太舒服
= I’m not feeling fine/all right.
= I’m feeling ill/sick. =I feel terrible/bad.
= I don’t feel well.
15. get some rest 多休息
16. I have no idea = I don’t know 我不知道
17. stressed out 筋疲力尽
18. I am tired 我累了 He is tired. 他累了
19. a healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式
20. traditional Chinese doctors传统中医
21. a balance of yin and yang阴阳调和
22. you have too much yin.你阴气太盛
23. to eat a balance diet饮食平衡
24. healthy food 健康食品
25. stay healthy 保持健康
=keep healthy=keep in good health
= keep fit
26. enjoy oneself (myself, yourself, herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself
反身代词) 玩得高兴，过得愉快
=have a good time = have a wonderful time
= have fun
27. enjoy sth. =like sth. (名词)喜欢某物,
enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事=like dong sth
practice doing sth.练习做某事，
mind doing sth. 介意做某事，
finish doing sth.完成某事，
give up doing sth.放弃做某事，
can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事，
keep ding sth. 坚持做某事. （keep on doing sth. / keep sb. doing sth. ）
be busy doing sth. 忙着做某事
be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
make a contribution to doing sth.为..做贡献
go on doing sth. 继续做某事
forget doing sth.忘记做某事
remember doing sth. 记得做某事
spend....(in) doing sth. 花（时间）来做某事
prefer doing sth.to doing sth.比起（做...）来更愿意（做...）
28. at the moment = now 此刻
29. Host family 东道家庭
30. Conversation practice会话练习
31. I’m sorry to hear that.听到此事我很难过
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
1. babysit one’s sister 照顾妹妹
2. visit one’s grandmother 看望奶奶
3. spend time with friends 和朋友们一起度过时光
4. visit cousins 看望表弟等
5. go to sports camp 去运动野营
6. o to the beach 去海滩
7. go camping 去野营
8. Go shopping 去买东西
9. go swimming 去游泳
10. go boating去划船
11. go skating 去溜冰
12. go walking去散步
13. go climbing 去登山
14. go dancing去跳舞
15. go hiking 去徒步远足
16. go sightseeing 去观光
17. go house-hunting 去找房子
18. o on a hike 徒步旅行，
go bike riding 骑自行车旅行，
go fishing 去钓鱼
19. do some shopping 买东西
20. do some washing 洗衣服
21. do some cooking 作饭
22. do some reading 读书
23. do some speaking训练口语
24. do some sewing 做缝纫活
25. that sounds nice 那好极了
26. at home 在家
27. how about=what about ……怎么样？
28. how long 多长时间
29. how far 多远
30. how often 多长时间一次
31. how much, how many 多少
32. have a good time
=have fun= have a wonderful time
= enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快
33. show sb. Sth.=show sth. to sb.出示某物给某人看
give me the book=give the book to me 给我书，
pass me the cup=pass the cup to me 把杯子递给我，
sell me the house=sell the house to me 把房子卖给我
buy me a book =buy a book for me 给我买书，
make me a cake = make a cake for me给我做蛋糕
34. get back=come back回来
35. rent videos租借影碟
36. take walks=go for a walk散步
37. think about 考虑
38. decide on= decide upon决定一个计划
39. something different 不同的事情
40．a great vacation 一个愉快的假期
41. I can’t wait 我等不及了
42. the famous movie star 著名的影星
43. an exciting vacation 激动人心的假期
44. Ask her about her plans 向她询问她的计划
ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事
45. forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事
Unit 4 How do you get to school?
1. get to school 到校
2. get home 到家
3. how about=what about …….怎么样？
4. take the subway 乘地铁
5. ride a bike 骑自行车
6. take the bus乘公共汽车
7. take the train乘火车
8. take a taxi乘坐出租车
9. go in a parent’s car 坐父母的车
10. by bike, bike bus, by subway, by taxi, by car, by train
(乘坐……车，放在句尾)
11. have a quick breakfast 迅速吃早饭
12. the early bus 早班车 13. how far多远
14. take sb. to sp.带某人到某处
15. doing sth. takes sb. Some time/ money
=It takes sb. some time/money to do sth.
=sb. spends some time/money (on sth.)
=sb. spends some time/money (in) doing sth.
=sth. costs sb. some time/money
=sb. pay some money for sth.
花费某人多少时间/金钱做某事/某人花费多少金钱/时间做某事
16. bus stop公共汽车站，train station火车站，
subway station地铁站，bus station客运站
17. want to do sth.想做某事
18. walk to school 步行上学
19. in North America 在北美
20. in other parts of the world 在世界的其他地区
21. depend on=depend upon 依靠，靠……决定
22. not all 不是所有的
23. need to do sth.需要做某事
24. number of students学生数
25. a number of=many 许多
number前可用large, great, small修饰其谓语是复数
26. the number of….的数量，谓语是单数
27. don’t worry(about sth./sb.)别着急(为某人/事担心
28. around the world= all over the world世界各地，全世界
㈨ 初二英语下册第一到四单元课堂笔记
Unit 1 Will people have robot ?
Section A
be free 免费
live to be ...year(s) old 活到多少岁
will + 动词原形（不一定会实现的行为）
be going to +动词原形（一定会实现的行为）
in + 一段时间 在一段时间后
more +可数或不可数名词
less/fewer +不可数名词
free time 空闲时间
on computer 通过电脑
Section B
space station 太空站
fly rockets 乘宇宙飞船
fall in love with 爱上。。。
be in love with 与。。。相爱
have pets=keep pets 养宠物
might even 甚至可能
be able to do sth=probably do sth 有能力做某事
dress 表动作，状态
put on 强调动作
wear=have on 表状态
be in +衣服颜色
come true 实现
one of +复数 。。。当中之一
predicte =make predictions 下语言
will want 会
be used 被使用
science fiction movies 科幻片
hundreds of 成千上万
it be +adj +sb+to do sth 对某人来说干某事。。。
wake (sb) up 唤醒（某人）
over and over again 反复多次的
some ... others...一些。。。另一些。。。
electric toothbrashes 电子牙刷
There seem to be... 似乎有。。。
先给你第一单元的哦！
㈩ 初二英语下册语法重点
下册主要就是被动语态啦被动语态的主要用法
一．定义
语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。
■当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。
The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天，教室的前窗被打破了。(不知谁打破的)
They have been poorly paid. 他们的工资太低。(没必要指出工资是谁付的)
■突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。
The time-table has been changed. 时间表已变动了。(要突出的是“时间”)
These books are written especially for children. 这些书是专门为孩子们写的。(强调的是“”这些书)
■为了使语言得体或圆滑等不愿意说出动作的执行者。如：
You are requested to make a speech at next meeting. 请您在下次会议上作个发言。
It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 据说她要嫁给一个外国人。
■出于修辞的原因，或是说为了更好地安排句子。如：
The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area. 这个提议特别遭到了那些在本地区投资很大的人的反对。(因those的定语太长了，若用它作主语，主语与谓语就相距太远而显得句子松散。)
8种常用时态的被动语态
由“助动词be + 动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be 有时态、人称和数的变化。
(1) 一般现在时：am/is/are +过去分词。如：
Rice is grown in south China. 华南种植水稻。
(2) 一般过去时：was/were+过去分词。如：
The glass was broken yesterday. 这块玻璃是昨天打烂的。
(3) 现在进行时：am/is/are being +过去分词。如：
The project is being carried out. 这个计划正在执行中。
(4) 过去进行时：was/were/being +过去分词。如：
This road was being built this time last year. 这条路去年这个时候还在修建。
(5) 一般将来时：will be +过去分词。如：
The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 这些汽车将由水路运往国外。
(6) 过去将来时：would be +过去分词。如：
The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 经理说这个工程在年底前将会完成。
(7) 现在完成时：have/has been +过去分词。如：
This novel has been translated into several languages. 这本小说已被译成了几种语言。
(8) 过去完在时：had been +过去分词。如：
When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 我到达剧院时，发现票已卖完了。