A. 人教版初二英语第二单元知识点和语法
Unit 2 What's the matter?
重点语法：询问别人如何感觉
了解人体器官和部位的英文名称
了解一些常见病的英文名称
告诉别人应该怎样做和不应该怎样做
例句：A: What's the matter?(怎么了？)
B: I'm not feeling well.(我感觉不舒服。)I have a cold.(我感冒了。)
A: When did it start?(什么时候开始的？)
B: About two days ago.(大约两天前开始的。)
A: Oh, that's too bad.(哦，这很糟糕。)You should lie down and rest.(你应该躺下休息。)
B: Yes, I think so.(是的，我是这么认为的。)
A: I hope you feel better soon.(祝你早日康复。)
重点短语： have a cold 患感冒
shouldn't = should not
be stressed out 紧张的；有压力的
a few 有些；几个（针对可数名词）
a little [bit] 有些；几个（针对不可数名词）
at the moment 此刻；现在
What's the matter? = What's wrong? = What's the problem? 怎么了？
lie down and rest 躺下休息
see a doctor 看病
hope to do sth. 希望做某事
listen to 听
for example 举个例子
be good for 对……有益
it's + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事（对某人来说）……（加形容词）
get tired 感到疲倦
stay healthy 保持健康
give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人
need to do sth. 需要做某事
B. 八下英语二单元语法
Unit 2 What should I do?
重点语法：过去将来时态（将来时态的委婉说法）
do/does 的过去将来时态形式：(should/would) do
do/does 的过去将来时态的被动语态：(should/would) be done
过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式：
肯定句例句：You should write a letter to him.
否定句例句：You shouldn't write a letter to him.
一般疑问句例句：Should I write a letter to him?
特殊疑问句例句：What should I do?
重点短语：keep sb. out 不让某人进入
What's wrong? = What's the matter? = What's the problem? 怎么了？
out of style 不时髦的；过时的
call sb. up 给某人打电话
pay for sth. 为某事付款
part-time job 兼职工作
the same as = be same (to/with) 与……同样
in style 时髦的；流行的
get on [well] with sb. = get along [well] with sb. 与某人相处（好）
didn't = did not
couldn't = could not
as ... as possible 尽可能……(eg/ as soon as possible 尽快)
all kinds of 各种；许多
on the one hand 一方面
on the other hand 另一方面
ask sb. for sth. = ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事
ask sb. not to do sth. 请求某人不要做某事
spend (money) on sth. = spend (money) [in] doing sth. 花钱做某事
sth. cost sb. (money) 某人花钱为了某事
take sb. sometime to do sth. 花某人时间做某事
find out 查明
find sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事
be angry with sb. 生某人的气
be angry at sth. 生某事的气
the same age as = as old as 与某人年龄一样
have fight with sb. 与某人打架
learn to do sth. 学会做某事
not ... until ... 直到……才……
compare sth.(A) with sth.(B) 把某事(A)与某事(B)作比较
it's time for sth. = it's time to do sth. 到该做某事的时间了
maybe adv. 或许
may be （情态动词 + 动词原形）可能是
shall → should 情态动词 shall 的原形和过去式
pay → paid → paid 动词 pay 的原形、过去式和过去分词
Reading Strategy(阅读方法)
You will learn to use new words better if you use a learner's dictionary. (时刻学着应用新单词来学习比时刻使用字典这种途径方法更好。)A bilingual dictionary sometimes gives the wrong meaning for the situation you want. (在某些你需要的场合下，一本双语字典有时会给你错误的解释。)
希望能帮到你啊！
C. 八年级下册英语Unit2语法
1. 简单句、并列句和复合句
句子类型(Types of sentences)可以分为简单句、并列句和复合句三种。
（1） 简单句（The Simple Sentence）:由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。
e.g. ①I often get up at six in the morning. (一个主语、一个谓语)
② My mother and I often go shopping. （并列主语、一个谓语）
③Some students walk or ride bikes to school. （一个主语、并列谓语）
（2） 并列句（The Compound Sentence）:由并列连词（and, so, but, or等）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。
e.g. ①She doesn’t like science, and she thinks it’s boring.
②Ed has a great sports collection, but he doesn’t play sports.
③School starts at eight, so I get up at six thirty.
④Hurry up, or you’ll be late.
（3） 复合句(The Complex Sentence)：由一个主语和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。包括宾语从句、状语从句等。
e.g. ①Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.(when引导的时间状语从句)
② I think (that) Screen City has the most comfortable seats. （ that引导的宾语从句）
2. 关于语序
（1） 所谓语序就是指语言表达顺序。英语语序可分陈述语序和疑问语序。
（2） 所谓陈述语序，又称主谓语序，就是按“主语+谓语+其他”的先后顺序表达的语序。
（3） 所谓疑问语序，就是一般疑问句、特殊疑问句的表达顺序。通常在主语前有助动词、情态动词等。
e.g. What does Mary do on weekends? (疑问语序)
→I don’t know what Mary does on weekends. (陈述语序，去掉了原句的助动词does,谓语动词do还原成一般现在时三人称单数does.)
(4)主从复合句常要用陈述语序。
I don’t know what did I do wrong? ( ×)
→I don’t know what I did wrong. (√ )
3. 关于后缀“ful”
（1）很多名词后加后缀ful就成了形容词。 e.g. care→ careful; beauty → beautiful; color → colorful; use → useful; help → helpful; 等。
（2）有后缀ful的形容词的反义词通常是以less为后缀的形容词。
e.g. Careful → careless; useful → useless等。
4. 关于表示“关联，联系”的介词“to”
（1）英语中表示“A 的B”含义，除了名词所有格和 “B of A” 外，还可以用 “B to A”。
（2）在“B to A”结构中，B常是以下词：answer, key, bridge, way, entrance, exit, ticket等。
（3）可用顺口溜记住这些单词：答案钥匙桥和路，入出口连着介词to。
e.g. ①the answer to the question 这个问题的答案 ;
②the way to the park 去公园的路 ;
③the entrance to the museum 博物馆的入口
④the key to our classroom 我们教室门的钥匙
⑤a ticket to a ball game 一张比赛球票
5. 关于疑问词连用动词不定式
(1)疑问词when, where, what, how等可以和动词不定式连用，构成特殊结构。
（2）此结构常与含情态动词can/could, should, be able to， will/would等的宾语从句转换。
e.g. ①I don’t know what I should do next. →I don’t know what to do next.
我不知道接下来该做什么。
②Could you please tell me where you will do on vacation?
→Could you please tell me where to go on vacation?
能告诉我你讲去哪儿度假吗？
③He forgot when they would start. →He forgot when to start.
他忘了何时要出发。
④Please let us know how we can do it well. →Please let us know how to do it well.
请告诉我们怎样才能把它做得更好。
D. 八下英语书第二单元的2d和语法框翻译
2d 分角色表演对话。
海伦:你好，汤姆。我在制订计划,今年夏天要在养老工作。
汤姆：真的吗？我去年夏天在那里工作了！
海伦:哦，他们叫你帮忙做什么了？
汤姆：嗯……像为老人读报纸，或只是跟他们谈话之类的事情。他们给我讲一些有关过去的故事和以前的情况。
海伦：那听起来很有趣。
汤姆：是的，很多老人很孤独。我们应该倾听他们并关心他们。
海伦：你说得对。我的意思是，有一天我们也都会变老的。
语法聚焦
我想帮助无家可归的人。
你可以请求医院让你去看望孩子们，让他们振作起来。
她自愿一去周去那里一次帮助孩子们学习阅读。
她决定尝试参加一个志愿者课外阅读项目。
马里奥认为，这可以帮助他得到未来梦想的工作。
我在制作-些标牌 张贴在学校周围。
E. 八年级英语第二单元语法
你说清楚点行吗？你这么提问没人看的懂 白白浪费30分
F. 英语人教新目标八下第二单元reading知识点
Unit 2 What should I do?
【单元目标】
1．单词与短语
stereo, loud, argue, original, serious, style, wrong, argument, either, teen, talk, family, tutor, haircut, caller, except, upset
1.want sb. to do sth.
2.play one’s stereo
3 stay at home
4.argue with sb / have an argument with sb.
5.be out of style
6.write sb a letter/write to
7.talk about
8.on the phone
9. surprise sb.
10.pay for
11.get a part-time job
12.borrow sth. from sb.
13.ask sb. for…
14. have a bake sale
15.find out
16.be upset
17. call… up
18.the same as
19. get on well with sb.
20. return sth.
21.have a fight with sb.
22.from…to…
23. drop off
24.prepare for
25.after-school clubs
26.be used to
27.fill up
28.take the middle road
2．目标句型：
1. What should I do? 2. Why don’t you…? 3. You could …
4. You should… 5. You shouldn’t…
3．语法
情态动词的用法 Ⅰ
【重难点分析】
情态动词(Modal Verbs )Ⅰ
* 情态动词也可称为“情态助动词 (Modal Auxiliaries)”，因为它和基本助动词(be,do, have)都属于助动词类。
* 情态动词和其他动词连用，可表示说话人的语气。
* 情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。
* 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
* 常用的情态动词有：can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would这九大情态动词；其他的还有ought to, need, dare 等。
一、九大情态动词的时态关系：
1. 现在式 can -- 过去式 could
2. 现在式 may -- 过去式 might
3. 现在式 shall -- 过去式 should
4. 现在式 will -- 过去式 would
5. 现在式 must -- 过去式 must （常用had to来代替）
二、情态动词表示“可能”或“预测”
(can, could, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to)
（1）can 和 could 用于表示“可能”或“预测”：
1. He can't be at home. (否定句)
他不可能在家。
2. Can the news be true? (将情态动词 can 置于主语 the news 前就成疑问句)
这消息可能是真的吗?
3. Anybody can make mistake. (只表示理论上的可能性) 任何人都可能犯错误。
（2）may 和 might 用于表示“事实上的可能性”或“预测”：
1. It may rain tomorrow. (表示可能会发生) 明天可能会下雨。
2. It may snow later this afternoon. (表示预测) 今天下午可能会下雪。
3. You might be right. (表示有可能) 你可能是对的。
（3）will 和 would 用于表示“预测”或“习惯性”：
1. I think he will be all right now. (will be 表示一定会) 我想他现在一定好了。
2. That would be his mother.(would be 表示肯定是) 那肯定是他母亲。
3. He will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.(will 表示经常的)
他经常一连几个小时坐在那儿看着河水。
（4）shall 和 should 用于表示“必定”：
1. I shall be rich one day. (shall be ) 总有一天我会发达的。
2. That should be Sam and his mother. (should be) 那准是Sam 和他的母亲。
（5）must 用于表示“必定”，“必会”：
1. This must be good for you.(must be 肯定) 这肯定对你是有益的。
2. All mankind must die.(表示必然会发生的事) 所有的人一定会死的。
3. Mustn't there be a mistake? (mustn't 多用于疑问句) 那肯定会有错误吗？
三、情态动词表示“许可”、“请求”
(can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must)
（1）can 和 could 用于表示“许可”、“请求”：
1. Can I go with you? (请求) 我能跟你一起走吗？
2. Father said I could go to cinema. (表示过去的许可) 爸爸说我可以去看电影。
3. Could I ask you something ? (请求,用 could 比 can 更婉转) 我可以问你一件事吗？
（2）will 和 would 用于表示“请求”
1. Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office? (表示客气请求)
请问到邮局怎么走？
2. Would you give me your address? (用 would 比 will 表示更客气)
请你告诉我你的地址，好吗？
（3）shall 和 should 用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意见
1. Shall we talk? 我们谈谈好吗？
2. What should we do next? (用should 比 shall 表示更客气) 下一步我们该怎么做？
3. Shall he come to see you? (用于第三人称疑问句) 要不要他来看你？
（4）may 和 might 用于表示“许可”(口语中多用 can )
1. You may take a walk. (表示给予许可) 你可以散散步。
2. You might read the story for me. (比may更婉转) 是否请给我读一读这故事。
3.May I make a suggestion? 我可以提个建议吗？
4. Might I take a look of your work? 我看看您的大作行吗？
5. Students may not make noise in the library. (may not 表示不许可或禁止)
学生不得在图书馆里吵闹。
6. If I may say so, you are not right. (用于条件句，表示请求)
你是不对的，如果我可以这么说的话。
（5）must 用于表示“禁止”，“不准”：
1. Cars must not be parked here. (must not表示不许可) 此地不准停车。
2. All of you mustn't fishing in the pool. (must not 语气方面比 may not 更强)
你们不准在池里钓鱼。
四、重要短语和表达法(Key Words)
1．argue v．争论；争吵 argue with sb．与某人吵架
I argued with my best friend．我和我的好朋友吵架了。
Don’t argue with him. 别和他争吵了。
2．① either adv.（用于否定句）也
He doesn’t have any money, and I don’t, either．他没有钱，我也没有。
I can’t play chess. She can’t, either.我不会下国际象棋，她也不会。
② too 也（用于肯定或疑问句）
I’m a teacher．He is a teacher, too．我是老师，他也是老师。
We are going hiking. Are they going hiking,too?我们要去徒步旅行,他们也要去吗？
3．ask （sb．）for sth．向某人寻求某物；要……
Don't ask for food every day．Go and find some work． 别天天要饭，找点儿工作做。
I don’t think you should ask your parents for some money.我想你不应向父母要钱。
If you have any problems, you can ask the policeman for help. 如果你有困难，可以向警察求助。
He didn't want to ask his teacher for his book back． 他不想向老师要回他的书了。
4．the same as... 与……相同
The clothes are the same as my friends'．这些衣服与我朋友的一样。
Tom is the same age as Anna．＝ Tom is as old as Anna．汤姆和安娜一样大。
Her backpack is the same as mine. 她的背包与我的一样。
5．except 除……以外；（不包括……在内）
My class has been invited except me．＝ Only I haven't been invited．
除我以外，我的同学都被邀请了。
All the students went to the park except him．＝ Only he didn't get to the park．
They all toured America except her.
除了他以外，所有的学生都去美国旅行过。
besides 除……以外（包括在内）
We all went there besides him．＝ He went there．We went there, too．除他去以外，我们也都去了。
There are five more visitors besides me.除了我之外还有5倍访客
6．wrong adj．错误的；有毛病的；不合适的
Is there anything wrong with you? 你哪儿不舒服？
— What's wrong with you? 你怎么了?(你哪里不舒服?)
— I've got a headache．我头痛。
What’s wrong with your watch? It doesn't work.你的手表怎么了？它不走了。
adv．错误地；不正确地；不对地
He answered wrong．他答错了。
They knew they did wrong. 他们知道他们做错了。
7．get on well with sb．与某人相处融洽
The students will get on well with the teacher．学生会和老师相处得非常好。
We get on well with each other．我们彼此相处融洽。
Can she get on well with all the other students in her class?
她能与她班里所有的同学相处得好吗?
8．have a fight with sb．＝ fight with sb．与某人打架
I don‘t want to have a fight with my cousin． 我不想和我的堂兄打架。
They never fight with each other.They are really good friends.
他们从不打架，他们的确是好朋友。
五、主要句型(Key Sentences Structures)
What should I do? You could write him a letter．
What should he do? Maybe he should say sorry to him
What should they do? They shouldn't argue．
六、词语辨析
1. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人处借进某物
lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人
borrow sth. from sb. 是指该句的主语从别人处(往里)借进某物
例:He borrowed the dictionary from Lucy yesterday. 他昨天从露西处借了那本字典.
lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth.
是指该句的主语把某物（往外）借给别人用
例如：Could you lend me your car? 请你借给我你的车用一下好吗？
2. ①get sb. to do… 使……做（以人为对象时，有“说服……使做……”的含义）
He could get a tutor to come to his home. 他可以请一位家庭教师来他家。
You’ll never get her to agree. 你决不可能使她同意。
②ask sb. to do… 邀请（人）做……
We asked her to come to our party.我们请她来参加聚会
③ tell sb. to do…让某人做某事 例如：
The teacher told him to finish the work that day. 老师那天让他完成那项工作。
3、be in style 时髦的，流行的
be out of style 过时的，不时髦的
例： Look! Her new dress is in style.她的新裙子很时髦。
Those clothes are out of style. 那些衣服过时了。
七、课文解释
1、I don’t want to surprise him. 我不想让他感到意外。
此处surprise是及物动词 surprise sb. 使某人感到吃惊
eg. My friend always surprises me.
2、talk about it on the phone 用电话就此事进行交流
eg. Call Jim on the phone. 找吉姆听电话。
Lily, you are wanted on the phone. 莉莉，你的电话
3、call sb. (up) =give sb. a call 给某人打电话
He called me (up) from New York. 他从纽约给我打来电话
=He gave me a call from New York.
4、write sb. a letter = write a letter to sb. 给某人写信
5、give him a ticket to a ball game.给他一张观看球赛的入场券
eg. They got two tickets to tonight’s show.他们搞了两张今晚表演的入场券。
6、She has the same haircut as I do. 她和我有相同的发型。
eg. Tim has the same clothes as his brother does.提姆和他的弟弟有相同的衣服。
7、find out （研究、努力的结果）发现，查出，找出
You should find out (the answer) for yourself.你应该自己去找答案。
8、Everyone else in my class was invited except me.
除了我以外，我们班其他别的人都接到了邀请（信）
此句中else一词不能单独使用它必须跟在不定代词像“someone, anyone nobody”等词的后面，或跟在特殊疑问词像“what, where”等词的后面使用意思是“别的”
eg. What else do you know about it? 关于此事你还知道什么别的方面
9、I can’t think what I did wrong. 我真想不出我做错了什么。
此句中 what I did wrong是宾语从句，作think的宾语应用陈述语序。
10、I’m very upset and don’t know what to do.我很沮丧，不知该干什么。
此句中 what to do是不定式作know的宾语，可用宾语从句来代替。可以说成“I don’t know what I should do.”
11、There are a lot of things you could do. 有许多你能做的事。
此句中 you could do是定语从句，修饰前面的名词“things”
12、You left your homework at home.你把你的作业落在家里了。
Leave sth. +介词短语，是“把……忘在，落在（某处）的意思。
eg. He left his umbrella on the bus.他把伞忘在公交车上。
13、You should try to be funny. 你应该试着幽默一些。
Try to do…努力做，试着做，尽量做
而try not to do 是尽量不做……
eg. Please try not to be late again. 请尽量不要再迟到。
14、Their school days are busy enough. 他们的学校生活是够忙的。
enough必须放在形容词/副词的后面,表示“足够……的”
eg. He is tall enough to reach that apple. 他足够高的可以够着那个苹果。
15、be under too much pressure. 在太多的压力下
16、see other children doing a lot of things 看别的孩子在做许多事
see sb. doing 看见某人正在干某事
eg. We saw them playing basketball at that time.那时我们看见他们在打篮球
17、find it hard to do sth. 发现做……（事）很难
He found it hard to learn math well. 他发现学好数学很难
祝你学习进步，更上一层楼！请记得采纳，谢谢！(*^__^*)
G. 八年级英语下册第二单元重要知识点有哪些！急！！！
Unit 2 What should I do?
【单元目标】
1．单词与短语
stereo, loud, argue, original, serious, style, wrong, argument, either, teen, talk, family, tutor, haircut, caller, except, upset
1.want sb. to do sth. 2.play one’s stereo 3 stay at home
4.argue with sb / have an argument with sb. 5.be out of style
6.write sb a letter/write to 7.talk about 8.on the phone
9. surprise sb. 10.pay for 11.get a part-time job 12.borrow sth. from sb.
13.ask sb. for… 14. have a bake sale 15.find out 16.be upset
17. call… up 18.the same as 19. get on well with sb. 20. return sth.
21.have a fight with sb. 22.from…to… 23. drop off 24.prepare for
25.after-school clubs 26.be used to 27.fill up 28.take the middle road
2．目标句型：
1. What should I do? 2. Why don’t you…? 3. You could …
4. You should… 5. You shouldn’t…
3．语法
情态动词的用法 Ⅰ
【重难点分析】
情态动词(Modal Verbs )Ⅰ
* 情态动词也可称为“情态助动词 (Modal Auxiliaries)”，因为它和基本助动词(be,do, have)都属于助动词类。
* 情态动词和其他动词连用，可表示说话人的语气。
* 情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。
* 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
* 常用的情态动词有：can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would这九大情态动词；其他的还有ought to, need, dare 等。
一、九大情态动词的时态关系：
1. 现在式 can -- 过去式 could
2. 现在式 may -- 过去式 might
3. 现在式 shall -- 过去式 should
4. 现在式 will -- 过去式 would
5. 现在式 must -- 过去式 must （常用had to来代替）
二、情态动词表示“可能”或“预测”
(can, could, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to)
（1）can 和 could 用于表示“可能”或“预测”：
1. He can't be at home. (否定句)
他不可能在家。
2. Can the news be true? (将情态动词 can 置于主语 the news 前就成疑问句)
这消息可能是真的吗?
3. Anybody can make mistake. (只表示理论上的可能性) 任何人都可能犯错误。
（2）may 和 might 用于表示“事实上的可能性”或“预测”：
1. It may rain tomorrow. (表示可能会发生) 明天可能会下雨。
2. It may snow later this afternoon. (表示预测) 今天下午可能会下雪。
3. You might be right. (表示有可能) 你可能是对的。
（3）will 和 would 用于表示“预测”或“习惯性”：
1. I think he will be all right now. (will be 表示一定会) 我想他现在一定好了。
2. That would be his mother.(would be 表示肯定是) 那肯定是他母亲。
3. He will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.(will 表示经常的)
他经常一连几个小时坐在那儿看着河水。
（4）shall 和 should 用于表示“必定”：
1. I shall be rich one day. (shall be ) 总有一天我会发达的。
2. That should be Sam and his mother. (should be) 那准是Sam 和他的母亲。
（5）must 用于表示“必定”，“必会”：
1. This must be good for you.(must be 肯定) 这肯定对你是有益的。
2. All mankind must die.(表示必然会发生的事) 所有的人一定会死的。
3. Mustn't there be a mistake? (mustn't 多用于疑问句) 那肯定会有错误吗？
三、情态动词表示“许可”、“请求”
(can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must)
（1）can 和 could 用于表示“许可”、“请求”：
1. Can I go with you? (请求) 我能跟你一起走吗？
2. Father said I could go to cinema. (表示过去的许可) 爸爸说我可以去看电影。
3. Could I ask you something ? (请求,用 could 比 can 更婉转) 我可以问你一件事吗？
（2）will 和 would 用于表示“请求”
1. Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office? (表示客气请求)
请问到邮局怎么走？
2. Would you give me your address? (用 would 比 will 表示更客气)
请你告诉我你的地址，好吗？
（3）shall 和 should 用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意见
1. Shall we talk? 我们谈谈好吗？
2. What should we do next? (用should 比 shall 表示更客气) 下一步我们该怎么做？
3. Shall he come to see you? (用于第三人称疑问句) 要不要他来看你？
（4）may 和 might 用于表示“许可”(口语中多用 can )
1. You may take a walk. (表示给予许可) 你可以散散步。
2. You might read the story for me. (比may更婉转) 是否请给我读一读这故事。
3.May I make a suggestion? 我可以提个建议吗？
4. Might I take a look of your work? 我看看您的大作行吗？
5. Students may not make noise in the library. (may not 表示不许可或禁止)
学生不得在图书馆里吵闹。
6. If I may say so, you are not right. (用于条件句，表示请求)
你是不对的，如果我可以这么说的话。
（5）must 用于表示“禁止”，“不准”：
1. Cars must not be parked here. (must not表示不许可) 此地不准停车。
2. All of you mustn't fishing in the pool. (must not 语气方面比 may not 更强)
你们不准在池里钓鱼。
四、重要短语和表达法(Key Words)
1．argue v．争论；争吵 argue with sb．与某人吵架
I argued with my best friend．我和我的好朋友吵架了。
Don’t argue with him. 别和他争吵了。
2．① either adv.（用于否定句）也
He doesn’t have any money, and I don’t, either．他没有钱，我也没有。
I can’t play chess. She can’t, either.我不会下国际象棋，她也不会。
② too 也（用于肯定或疑问句）
I’m a teacher．He is a teacher, too．我是老师，他也是老师。
We are going hiking. Are they going hiking,too?我们要去徒步旅行,他们也要去吗？
3．ask （sb．）for sth．向某人寻求某物；要……
Don't ask for food every day．Go and find some work． 别天天要饭，找点儿工作做。
I don’t think you should ask your parents for some money.我想你不应向父母要钱。
If you have any problems, you can ask the policeman for help. 如果你有困难，可以向警察求助。
He didn't want to ask his teacher for his book back． 他不想向老师要回他的书了。
4．the same as... 与……相同
The clothes are the same as my friends'．这些衣服与我朋友的一样。
Tom is the same age as Anna．＝ Tom is as old as Anna．汤姆和安娜一样大。
Her backpack is the same as mine. 她的背包与我的一样。
5．except 除……以外；（不包括……在内）
My class has been invited except me．＝ Only I haven't been invited．
除我以外，我的同学都被邀请了。
All the students went to the park except him．＝ Only he didn't get to the park．
They all toured America except her.
除了他以外，所有的学生都去美国旅行过。
besides 除……以外（包括在内）
We all went there besides him．＝ He went there．We went there, too．除他去以外，我们也都去了。
There are five more visitors besides me.除了我之外还有5倍访客
6．wrong adj．错误的；有毛病的；不合适的
Is there anything wrong with you? 你哪儿不舒服？
— What's wrong with you? 你怎么了?(你哪里不舒服?)
— I've got a headache．我头痛。
What’s wrong with your watch? It doesn't work.你的手表怎么了？它不走了。
adv．错误地；不正确地；不对地
He answered wrong．他答错了。
They knew they did wrong. 他们知道他们做错了。
7．get on well with sb．与某人相处融洽
The students will get on well with the teacher．学生会和老师相处得非常好。
We get on well with each other．我们彼此相处融洽。
Can she get on well with all the other students in her class?
她能与她班里所有的同学相处得好吗?
8．have a fight with sb．＝ fight with sb．与某人打架
I don‘t want to have a fight with my cousin． 我不想和我的堂兄打架。
They never fight with each other.They are really good friends.
他们从不打架，他们的确是好朋友。
五、主要句型(Key Sentences Structures)
What should I do? You could write him a letter．
What should he do? Maybe he should say sorry to him
What should they do? They shouldn't argue．
六、词语辨析
1. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人处借进某物
lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人
borrow sth. from sb. 是指该句的主语从别人处(往里)借进某物
例:He borrowed the dictionary from Lucy yesterday. 他昨天从露西处借了那本字典.
lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth.
是指该句的主语把某物（往外）借给别人用
例如：Could you lend me your car? 请你借给我你的车用一下好吗？
2. ①get sb. to do… 使……做（以人为对象时，有“说服……使做……”的含义）
He could get a tutor to come to his home. 他可以请一位家庭教师来他家。
You’ll never get her to agree. 你决不可能使她同意。
②ask sb. to do… 邀请（人）做……
We asked her to come to our party.我们请她来参加聚会
③ tell sb. to do…让某人做某事 例如：
The teacher told him to finish the work that day. 老师那天让他完成那项工作。
3、be in style 时髦的，流行的
be out of style 过时的，不时髦的
例： Look! Her new dress is in style.她的新裙子很时髦。
Those clothes are out of style. 那些衣服过时了。
七、课文解释
1、I don’t want to surprise him. 我不想让他感到意外。
此处surprise是及物动词 surprise sb. 使某人感到吃惊
eg. My friend always surprises me.
2、talk about it on the phone 用电话就此事进行交流
eg. Call Jim on the phone. 找吉姆听电话。
Lily, you are wanted on the phone. 莉莉，你的电话
3、call sb. (up) =give sb. a call 给某人打电话
He called me (up) from New York. 他从纽约给我打来电话
=He gave me a call from New York.
4、write sb. a letter = write a letter to sb. 给某人写信
5、give him a ticket to a ball game.给他一张观看球赛的入场券
eg. They got two tickets to tonight’s show.他们搞了两张今晚表演的入场券。
6、She has the same haircut as I do. 她和我有相同的发型。
eg. Tim has the same clothes as his brother does.提姆和他的弟弟有相同的衣服。
7、find out （研究、努力的结果）发现，查出，找出
You should find out (the answer) for yourself.你应该自己去找答案。
8、Everyone else in my class was invited except me.
除了我以外，我们班其他别的人都接到了邀请（信）
此句中else一词不能单独使用它必须跟在不定代词像“someone, anyone nobody”等词的后面，或跟在特殊疑问词像“what, where”等词的后面使用意思是“别的”
eg. What else do you know about it? 关于此事你还知道什么别的方面
9、I can’t think what I did wrong. 我真想不出我做错了什么。
此句中 what I did wrong是宾语从句，作think的宾语应用陈述语序。
10、I’m very upset and don’t know what to do.我很沮丧，不知该干什么。
此句中 what to do是不定式作know的宾语，可用宾语从句来代替。可以说成“I don’t know what I should do.”
11、There are a lot of things you could do. 有许多你能做的事。
此句中 you could do是定语从句，修饰前面的名词“things”
12、You left your homework at home.你把你的作业落在家里了。
Leave sth. +介词短语，是“把……忘在，落在（某处）的意思。
eg. He left his umbrella on the bus.他把伞忘在公交车上。
13、You should try to be funny. 你应该试着幽默一些。
Try to do…努力做，试着做，尽量做
而try not to do 是尽量不做……
eg. Please try not to be late again. 请尽量不要再迟到。
14、Their school days are busy enough. 他们的学校生活是够忙的。
enough必须放在形容词/副词的后面,表示“足够……的”
eg. He is tall enough to reach that apple. 他足够高的可以够着那个苹果。
15、be under too much pressure. 在太多的压力下
16、see other children doing a lot of things 看别的孩子在做许多事
see sb. doing 看见某人正在干某事
eg. We saw them playing basketball at that time.那时我们看见他们在打篮球
17、find it hard to do sth. 发现做……（事）很难
He found it hard to learn math well. 他发现学好数学很难
H. 八年级下册第二单元英语复习重点
Unit 2 What should I do?
【单元目标】
1．单词与短语
stereo, loud, argue, original, serious, style, wrong, argument, either, teen, talk, family, tutor, haircut, caller, except, upset
1.want sb. to do sth. 2.play one’s stereo 3 stay at home
4.argue with sb / have an argument with sb. 5.be out of style
6.write sb a letter/write to 7.talk about 8.on the phone
9. surprise sb. 10.pay for 11.get a part-time job 12.borrow sth. from sb.
13.ask sb. for… 14. have a bake sale 15.find out 16.be upset
17. call… up 18.the same as 19. get on well with sb. 20. return sth.
21.have a fight with sb. 22.from…to… 23. drop off 24.prepare for
25.after-school clubs 26.be used to 27.fill up 28.take the middle road
2．目标句型：
1. What should I do? 2. Why don’t you…? 3. You could …
4. You should… 5. You shouldn’t…
3．语法
情态动词的用法 Ⅰ
【重难点分析】
情态动词(Modal Verbs )Ⅰ
* 情态动词也可称为“情态助动词 (Modal Auxiliaries)”，因为它和基本助动词(be,do, have)都属于助动词类。
* 情态动词和其他动词连用，可表示说话人的语气。
* 情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。
* 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
* 常用的情态动词有：can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would这九大情态动词；其他的还有ought to, need, dare 等。
一、九大情态动词的时态关系：
1. 现在式 can -- 过去式 could
2. 现在式 may -- 过去式 might
3. 现在式 shall -- 过去式 should
4. 现在式 will -- 过去式 would
5. 现在式 must -- 过去式 must （常用had to来代替）
二、情态动词表示“可能”或“预测”
(can, could, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to)
（1）can 和 could 用于表示“可能”或“预测”：
1. He can't be at home. (否定句)
他不可能在家。
2. Can the news be true? (将情态动词 can 置于主语 the news 前就成疑问句)
这消息可能是真的吗?
3. Anybody can make mistake. (只表示理论上的可能性) 任何人都可能犯错误。
（2）may 和 might 用于表示“事实上的可能性”或“预测”：
1. It may rain tomorrow. (表示可能会发生) 明天可能会下雨。
2. It may snow later this afternoon. (表示预测) 今天下午可能会下雪。
3. You might be right. (表示有可能) 你可能是对的。
（3）will 和 would 用于表示“预测”或“习惯性”：
1. I think he will be all right now. (will be 表示一定会) 我想他现在一定好了。
2. That would be his mother.(would be 表示肯定是) 那肯定是他母亲。
3. He will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.(will 表示经常的)
他经常一连几个小时坐在那儿看着河水。
（4）shall 和 should 用于表示“必定”：
1. I shall be rich one day. (shall be ) 总有一天我会发达的。
2. That should be Sam and his mother. (should be) 那准是Sam 和他的母亲。
（5）must 用于表示“必定”，“必会”：
1. This must be good for you.(must be 肯定) 这肯定对你是有益的。
2. All mankind must die.(表示必然会发生的事) 所有的人一定会死的。
3. Mustn't there be a mistake? (mustn't 多用于疑问句) 那肯定会有错误吗？
三、情态动词表示“许可”、“请求”
(can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must)
（1）can 和 could 用于表示“许可”、“请求”：
1. Can I go with you? (请求) 我能跟你一起走吗？
2. Father said I could go to cinema. (表示过去的许可) 爸爸说我可以去看电影。
3. Could I ask you something ? (请求,用 could 比 can 更婉转) 我可以问你一件事吗？
（2）will 和 would 用于表示“请求”
1. Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office? (表示客气请求)
请问到邮局怎么走？
2. Would you give me your address? (用 would 比 will 表示更客气)
请你告诉我你的地址，好吗？
（3）shall 和 should 用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意见
1. Shall we talk? 我们谈谈好吗？
2. What should we do next? (用should 比 shall 表示更客气) 下一步我们该怎么做？
3. Shall he come to see you? (用于第三人称疑问句) 要不要他来看你？
（4）may 和 might 用于表示“许可”(口语中多用 can )
1. You may take a walk. (表示给予许可) 你可以散散步。
2. You might read the story for me. (比may更婉转) 是否请给我读一读这故事。
3.May I make a suggestion? 我可以提个建议吗？
4. Might I take a look of your work? 我看看您的大作行吗？
5. Students may not make noise in the library. (may not 表示不许可或禁止)
学生不得在图书馆里吵闹。
6. If I may say so, you are not right. (用于条件句，表示请求)
你是不对的，如果我可以这么说的话。
（5）must 用于表示“禁止”，“不准”：
1. Cars must not be parked here. (must not表示不许可) 此地不准停车。
2. All of you mustn't fishing in the pool. (must not 语气方面比 may not 更强)
你们不准在池里钓鱼。
四、重要短语和表达法(Key Words)
1．argue v．争论；争吵 argue with sb．与某人吵架
I argued with my best friend．我和我的好朋友吵架了。
Don’t argue with him. 别和他争吵了。
2．① either adv.（用于否定句）也
He doesn’t have any money, and I don’t, either．他没有钱，我也没有。
I can’t play chess. She can’t, either.我不会下国际象棋，她也不会。
② too 也（用于肯定或疑问句）
I’m a teacher．He is a teacher, too．我是老师，他也是老师。
We are going hiking. Are they going hiking,too?我们要去徒步旅行,他们也要去吗？
3．ask （sb．）for sth．向某人寻求某物；要……
Don't ask for food every day．Go and find some work． 别天天要饭，找点儿工作做。
I don’t think you should ask your parents for some money.我想你不应向父母要钱。
If you have any problems, you can ask the policeman for help. 如果你有困难，可以向警察求助。
He didn't want to ask his teacher for his book back． 他不想向老师要回他的书了。
4．the same as... 与……相同
The clothes are the same as my friends'．这些衣服与我朋友的一样。
Tom is the same age as Anna．＝ Tom is as old as Anna．汤姆和安娜一样大。
Her backpack is the same as mine. 她的背包与我的一样。
5．except 除……以外；（不包括……在内）
My class has been invited except me．＝ Only I haven't been invited．
除我以外，我的同学都被邀请了。
All the students went to the park except him．＝ Only he didn't get to the park．
They all toured America except her.
除了他以外，所有的学生都去美国旅行过。
besides 除……以外（包括在内）
We all went there besides him．＝ He went there．We went there, too．除他去以外，我们也都去了。
There are five more visitors besides me.除了我之外还有5倍访客
6．wrong adj．错误的；有毛病的；不合适的
Is there anything wrong with you? 你哪儿不舒服？
— What's wrong with you? 你怎么了?(你哪里不舒服?)
— I've got a headache．我头痛。
What’s wrong with your watch? It doesn't work.你的手表怎么了？它不走了。
adv．错误地；不正确地；不对地
He answered wrong．他答错了。
They knew they did wrong. 他们知道他们做错了。
7．get on well with sb．与某人相处融洽
The students will get on well with the teacher．学生会和老师相处得非常好。
We get on well with each other．我们彼此相处融洽。
Can she get on well with all the other students in her class?
她能与她班里所有的同学相处得好吗?
8．have a fight with sb．＝ fight with sb．与某人打架
I don‘t want to have a fight with my cousin． 我不想和我的堂兄打架。
They never fight with each other.They are really good friends.
他们从不打架，他们的确是好朋友。
五、主要句型(Key Sentences Structures)
What should I do? You could write him a letter．
What should he do? Maybe he should say sorry to him
What should they do? They shouldn't argue．
六、词语辨析
1. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人处借进某物
lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人
borrow sth. from sb. 是指该句的主语从别人处(往里)借进某物
例:He borrowed the dictionary from Lucy yesterday. 他昨天从露西处借了那本字典.
lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth.
是指该句的主语把某物（往外）借给别人用
例如：Could you lend me your car? 请你借给我你的车用一下好吗？
2. ①get sb. to do… 使……做（以人为对象时，有“说服……使做……”的含义）
He could get a tutor to come to his home. 他可以请一位家庭教师来他家。
You’ll never get her to agree. 你决不可能使她同意。
②ask sb. to do… 邀请（人）做……
We asked her to come to our party.我们请她来参加聚会
③ tell sb. to do…让某人做某事 例如：
The teacher told him to finish the work that day. 老师那天让他完成那项工作。
3、be in style 时髦的，流行的
be out of style 过时的，不时髦的
例： Look! Her new dress is in style.她的新裙子很时髦。
Those clothes are out of style. 那些衣服过时了。
七、课文解释
1、I don’t want to surprise him. 我不想让他感到意外。
此处surprise是及物动词 surprise sb. 使某人感到吃惊
eg. My friend always surprises me.
2、talk about it on the phone 用电话就此事进行交流
eg. Call Jim on the phone. 找吉姆听电话。
Lily, you are wanted on the phone. 莉莉，你的电话
3、call sb. (up) =give sb. a call 给某人打电话
He called me (up) from New York. 他从纽约给我打来电话
=He gave me a call from New York.
4、write sb. a letter = write a letter to sb. 给某人写信
5、give him a ticket to a ball game.给他一张观看球赛的入场券
eg. They got two tickets to tonight’s show.他们搞了两张今晚表演的入场券。
6、She has the same haircut as I do. 她和我有相同的发型。
eg. Tim has the same clothes as his brother does.提姆和他的弟弟有相同的衣服。
7、find out （研究、努力的结果）发现，查出，找出
You should find out (the answer) for yourself.你应该自己去找答案。
8、Everyone else in my class was invited except me.
除了我以外，我们班其他别的人都接到了邀请（信）
此句中else一词不能单独使用它必须跟在不定代词像“someone, anyone nobody”等词的后面，或跟在特殊疑问词像“what, where”等词的后面使用意思是“别的”
eg. What else do you know about it? 关于此事你还知道什么别的方面
9、I can’t think what I did wrong. 我真想不出我做错了什么。
此句中 what I did wrong是宾语从句，作think的宾语应用陈述语序。
10、I’m very upset and don’t know what to do.我很沮丧，不知该干什么。
此句中 what to do是不定式作know的宾语，可用宾语从句来代替。可以说成“I don’t know what I should do.”
11、There are a lot of things you could do. 有许多你能做的事。
此句中 you could do是定语从句，修饰前面的名词“things”
12、You left your homework at home.你把你的作业落在家里了。
Leave sth. +介词短语，是“把……忘在，落在（某处）的意思。
eg. He left his umbrella on the bus.他把伞忘在公交车上。
13、You should try to be funny. 你应该试着幽默一些。
Try to do…努力做，试着做，尽量做
而try not to do 是尽量不做……
eg. Please try not to be late again. 请尽量不要再迟到。
14、Their school days are busy enough. 他们的学校生活是够忙的。
enough必须放在形容词/副词的后面,表示“足够……的”
eg. He is tall enough to reach that apple. 他足够高的可以够着那个苹果。
15、be under too much pressure. 在太多的压力下
16、see other children doing a lot of things 看别的孩子在做许多事
see sb. doing 看见某人正在干某事
eg. We saw them playing basketball at that time.那时我们看见他们在打篮球
17、find it hard to do sth. 发现做……（事）很难
He found it hard to learn math well. 他发现学好数学很难。
祝你学习进步，更上一层楼！请记得采纳，谢谢！(*^__^*)
I. 人教版八年级英语下册第一、二单元语法重点及使用
八年级下学复期第一制单元的重点是“一般将来时”可以用will和be
going
to这两种，一个句子如果它的主句是一般将来时，那么从句要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。第二单元则是请求建议
，要注意except和besides的区别。1173228542
J. 英语书八年级下册书第二单元所有语法内容
Unit 2 What should I do?
重点词汇：play v. 播放
loud adj. 高声的；大声的
argue v. 争论，争吵wrong adj. 错误的；有毛病的；不适合的could v. can的过去式ticket n. 票，入场券 v. 使惊奇；使意外other adj. 其他的；另外的except prep. 除；把……除外fail v. 失败 football n. 足球 until prep. 到……为止
fit v. 适合，适应 include v. 包括；包含send v. 发送，寄 themselves pron. 他们自己（反身代词）freedom n. 自由
重点词组及句型：
1. argue with sb. 与某人争论/辩论
2. have an argument with sb. 与某人发生争论
3. out of style 不时髦的
4. in style 时髦的
5. keep out 不让……进入
6. call sb. up 打电话给……
7. on the phone 用电话交谈
8. pay for 付款
9. part-time job 兼职工作
10. Teen Talk 青少年论坛
11. the same as 与……同样的12. get on well with... 与……相处地好13. as much as possible 尽可能多14. all kinds of 各种各样的15. on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面16. borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物17. find out 找出18. be popular at school 在学校受欢迎19. except me 除了我20. have a quick supper 很快地吃晚餐21. not…until 直到……才22. try to do 尽力去做23. complain about doing sth. 抱怨做某事24. seem to do… 好像……25. comparing…with… 把……与……做比较26. think for 为……着想27. find it + adj.+ to do sth. 发现做某事很……28. learn to do 学会做某事 29. have a fight with 与……打架
30. write sb. a letter 给某人写信 31. a ticket to a ball game 一场球赛的票
32. surprise sb. 使……惊讶 33. buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物
34. have no idea 不知道 35. have the same haircut 有同样的发型
36. get a tutor 请家教 37. need to do 需要去做
38. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人去做某事 39. leave sth. at home 把某物落在家里
40. fail (in) sth. 做某事失败 41. be the same as 与……相同的
42. return sth. 归还某物 43. look up…in a dictionary 在字典中查找……
44. be/feel under (too much) pressure 感觉处于(太多的)压力之下
45. take sb. from 名词 to 名词 把某人从一个地方带到另一个地方
46. fit as much as possible into their kids lives 尽可能多地充实到孩子们的生活中来
47. nothing new 屡见不鲜 48. push sb hard 厉害地强迫某人
49. be always doing 总是在做某事
50. plan to do 计划做某事
51. start from a very young age 从很小的年龄开始
日常用语：学习用于表达建议的句子结构：1. ---What should I do? ---You could write him a letter.2. --- What should he do? --- Maybe he should say he's sorry.3. --- What should they do? --- They shouldn't argue.4. What’s the matter? / What’s wrong?5. Why don’t you talk to him about it?
词组短语详解：
1. Keep out! 禁止入内
祈使句，意为：“不准入内！”指“关在门外，不准入内。”
Keep sth. adj.
2. My brother plays his CDs too loud. 我哥哥把他的唱片声音放得太大。
Play：
播放。 e.g. Please play the tape again. 请再放一边磁带。
演奏，弹奏 e.g. I can play the violin, too. 我也会拉小提琴。
玩，打，踢 e.g. play football/bolleyball…
剧本，n. e.g. TV play 电视剧 watch the play 看戏
3. I don’t have enough money. 我没有足够的钱
Enough修饰n.放在前面 e.g. enough money
Enough修饰adj.放在后面 e.g. good enough
【考例】He is old ______ to go to school. A. much B. many C. enough D. more
【答案与解析】C。本题中old enough 表示年龄足够大。故本题选C。
4. I argue with my best friend. 我与我最好的朋友发生了争执。
Argue v. 争辩，争论，辩论
Argue with sb. 与某人辩论
Argue on/about sth. 争论，辩论某事
e.g. They are arguing about playing computer games.
【拓展】argue about sth. 意为“为某事而争论”。argument 是argue的名词形式，have an argument with sb.相当于argue with sb.。e.g. I don't want to argue about the houtse with you. 我不想和你为房子的事争论。 You shouldn't have an argument with your parents about the bike. 你不应该为了自行车的事和你父母争吵。【考例】I _______my parents about my hairstyle yesterday evening.A. play B. argue with C. argued with D. to argue with 【答案与解析】C。本题中argue with sb.意为“与……争吵，争论”。又因为时间状语是yesterday evening，表示过去的时间，要用一般过去时态，故本题选C。
5. My clothes are out of style. 我的衣服过时了。
Out of style
In style
【考例】I don’t think my clothes are______. A. be out of style B. out of style C. out fashion D. to out of style 【答案与解析】B。本题中be out of style / fashion表示“过时”、“不合乎时尚”。因句中已有are，故本题选B。
6. Maybe you should buy some new clothes. 也许你应当买一些新衣服。
Maybe 与 may be
e.g. Maybe you put it there. 也许你把它放在那里了。
It may be a hat. = May be it is a hat. 它也许是顶帽子。
7. You could write him a letter. 你可以给他写封信。
Write sb. A letter = write to sb. 给某人写一封信
写信给某人：write to sb.
收到某人的来信：hear from sb. = get/receive a letter from sb.
8. Maybe you should call him up. 也许你应当给他打电话。
Call sb. Up = ring sb. Up = make a telephone call to sb. = give sb. A call/ring给某人打电话
【拓展】maybe 不同于 may be。 maybe 是一个词，是副词，may be 是情态动词may加上动词原形be，意为“或许”，后接形容词、名词、代词等。例如：It may be true. He may be the man we are looking for.（2）call sb. up 打电话给某人可以与名词、代词连用。连接代词时，把代词放在 call 与 up 之间。例如：Please call me up. Don’t forget to call up your uncle. I'll call her up this afternoon.【考例】_______you are right. A. Maybe B. Might C. May be D. Might to
【答案与解析】A。本题中maybe不同于may be。 maybe 是一个词，是副词，may be是情态动词may加上动词原形be，意为“或许”，后接形容词、名词、代词等。故本题选A。
9. A ticket to a ball game 一张球赛的票
A key to a door
An answer to a question
10. I don’t want to surprise him. 我不想使他吃惊。
Surprise v. 使惊奇；使差异；使感到意外。其后可接名词或代词作宾语。
e.g. You surprise me! 你吓了我一跳！
His words surprised my mother a lot. 他的话使我母亲大吃一惊。
Be surprised at… 对……感到吃惊
e.g. We are very surprised at the news. 听到这个消息，我们非常吃惊。
【拓展】surprised adj. 惊讶的 surprising adj. 令人惊讶的例如：I'm surprised to hear the news. It's a surprising gift, and I love it.【考例】I was__________ when I saw her.A. surprising B. surprised C. surprise D. to surprise
【答案与解析】B。本题中surprised adj.惊讶的；surprising adj.令人惊讶的。故本题选B。
11. I need to get some money to pay for summer camp. 我需要得到一些钱以支付夏令营的费用。
（1）need是个情态动词，也可以是行为动词。▲当它是情态动词时，后边直接加行为动词，表示“需要”，但need作情态动词时一般不用于肯定句。它一般用于否定句和疑问句中，例如：① You need repeat it. 你需要重复它。② Need I repeat it? 我有必要重复它吗？简略回答为：Yes, you need. No, you needn't.
（2）【拓展】（sb.）pay（money）for sth. 为……而付款（sb.）spend（money）on sth. 在……上花多少钱（sth.）cost sb.（money） ……值……钱这三个短语都是表示付款。但pay, spend指的是“人”，主语为人，而cost指的是“物”，主语为“物”。例如说“他昨天花20元买了一本书”。用以上三个短语分别为：① He paid 20 yuan for the book yesterday. 他昨天为这本书付了20元钱。② He spent 20 yuan on the book yesterday. 他昨天花了20元钱（买）这本书。③ The book cost him 20 yuan yesterday. 这本书花了他20元钱。注意以上三个动词的动词过去式为：pay - paid； spend - spent； cost - cost【考例】--- I’ve got a new book. --- How much did you _______it? A. buy B. spend C. pay for D. cost 【答案与解析】C。(sb.）pay（money）for sth. 为……而付款，（sb.）spend（money）on sth. 在……上花多少钱，（sth.）cost sb.（money） ……值多少钱 故本题选C。
12. I have an idea. You could borrow some money from your brother. 我有一个主意，你可以像你哥哥借一些钱。
Idea n. 主意，念头
e.g. He has a good idea. 他有个好主意。
注意：
I have no idea. = I don’t know. 我不知道
Borrow与lend
borrow sth from sb. 从谁那里借什么东西。
Lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. Sth.
borrow 与 lend 的区别： borrow 借来 lend 借给【考例】Han Mei _________ a book from the library a week ago. A. lent B. returned C. borrowedD. wanted
【答案与解析】C。本题考查borrow 与lend 的区别。borrow 借来；lend 借给。本题的意思是从图书馆借书。故本题选C。
13. No, he doesn’t have any money, either. 不，他也没有钱。
Either adv. 用于否定句中，表示“也”
e.g. You haven’t read that book. I haven’t read it, either.
Either, too, also
e.g. My mother hasn’t been to Beijing. My father hasn’t been there, either.
That woman is a teacher, too.
I, too, have been to London.
We also play football.
【考例】He doesn't like swimming, and he doesn't like boating,_____. A. neither B. too C. another D. either
【答案与解析】D。本题中either作副词，用在否定句或否定词组后加强语气，表示“也，而且”。而neither用于肯定句中。too用于三者或三者以上。故本题选D。
14. I think you should ask your parents for some money. 我想你应当向你的父母要一些钱。
Ask… for… 向……要……；
Ask for… 索要，要求得到……
e.g. He asked for time to thind all this over. 他要求给他时间把这一切好好想想。
He asked me for some money. 他想我要了些钱。
Ask sb. (not) to do sth. 要求/请求某人（不要）做某事
Ask for leave 请假
15. Have a bake sale. 卖烧烤
16. I need some money to buy gifts for my family. 我需要一些钱为我的家人买礼物
Buy sb. Sth. = buy sth. to sb.
17. They are original. 它们很新颖
Original adj. 新颖的，独创的，原始的，最早的
e.g. original ideas 新思想
an original edition 原版
the original plan 原计划
He is an original composer. 他是一位富有独创力的作曲家。
18. They are inexpensive. 它们不贵。
Cheap 与 inexpensive
Cheap往往意味着质量差，指价钱便宜的或因质量差而价格低的。
Inexpensive指物美价廉的，价值与价格相比而便宜的，表示“价格公道的，不贵的”
19. But I just found out that my friends were planning a birthday party for my best friend, and they didn’t invite me. 可是我刚刚发现我的朋友们正计划给我最好的朋友举办生日聚会，而他们没有邀请我。
Just adv.
刚才，刚刚
e.g. They have just left there. 他们刚刚离开这。
仅仅，只是
e.g. Don’t scold him. He is just a child. 别责备他，他只是个孩子。
后接名词，名词短语或句子，意为“正好，恰好”
e.g. It was just four o’clock when we got home. 我们到家时刚好4点钟。
注：
just now 刚才，不久以前
e.g. I saw our teacher just now. 刚才我看到我们的老师了。
Just then 正（就）在那时
e.g. Just then he came out of the room. 就在那是他从房间走了出来。
20. Find out 找出，发现，查处（真相等）
e.g. Please find out where they live. 请查处他们住在哪儿。
Find ，look for ，find out
Find 意为“找到，发现”，通常指找到或发现具体的东西，也可指偶然发现某物或某种情况，强调的是“找的结果”
e.g. He didn’t find his bike. 他没找到他的自行车。
Look for 意为“寻找”，是有目的地找，强调“寻找”这一动作
e.g. I can’t find my pen. I’m looking for it everywhere.我的钢笔不见了，我正在到处找。
He is looking for his shoes. 他在找他的鞋子。
Find out 意为“找出，发现，查明”，多指通过调查、询问、打听、研究之后“搞清楚，弄明白”，通常含有“经过困难曲折”的含义，指找出较难找到的、无形的、抽象的东西。
e.g. Please find out when the train leaves. 请查一下火车什么时候离站。
Read this passage, and find out the answer to this question. 读这篇短文，找出这个问题的答案。
21. Everyone else in my class was invited except me. 除了我以外，我们班其他人都被邀请了。
except 是介词，表示“除了……之外”；besides 强调“除了，还有……”例如：Except Lily, there are 42 students in our classroom.除丽丽外我们教室里还有42个人。Besides Lily, there are 42 students in our classroom.表示丽丽也在教室，教室里有42个人。【考例】I looked for my pen everywhere _______ there． A. except B. but C. except for D. besides【答案与解析】A。本题考查 except 与 besides 的区别。except 是介词，表示“除了……”；besides 强调“除了，还有……”。故本题选A。
22. You left your homework at home. 你把作业忘在家里了。
leave 遗忘，留下，忘带 例如：The old man left his pocket on the bus. 那位老人把钱包忘在了公交车上。【考例】I ______ my pen in my classroom. A. left B. leave C. forget D. forgot
【答案与解析】A。本题考查leave sth.+ 地点。这一结构。故本题选A。
23. My cousin is the same age as me. She’s really nice, and we get on well, but she always borrows my things. 我的表妹与我同岁。她确实很好，并且我们相处得很好，可她总是借我的东西。
The same age as…
Get on well 相处得好
Get on well with … 与……相处融洽、相处得好
e.g. We get on well with each other. 我们彼此相处融洽。
How do you get on with your new classmates? 你和你的新同学相处得怎么样？
注：Get on with 还可以表示“在某方面的进展情况”
e.g. How are you getting on with your English studies? 你的英语学习情况如何？
【考例】He wears the same clothes_____I do. A. like B. as C. on D. in
【答案与解析】B。本题考查the same as…… 意思是“与……一样”。这一结构。故本题选B。
【考例】I get on well______ my cousin. A. on B. with C. in D. at
【答案与解析】B。本题考查固定搭配get on well with sb. 与某人相处融洽。故本题选B。
24. I don’t want to have a fight with my cousin, because she is my best friend.
Havea fight with sb. = fight with sb. = fight against sb.
e.g. We can’t have a fight with each other at school. 在学校我们不能相互打架
25. Could you give some advice?
Give sb. Some advice
A piece of advice
e.g. The teacher gave me some advice on how to learn English well.
26. The tired children don’t get home until 7 p.m. 疲惫的孩子们知道晚上7点才到家。
Not … until …
27. The Taylors are like many American and British parents. 泰勒夫妇像许多美国和英国的父母一样。
The taylors泰勒夫妇，泰勒一家人。姓的附属前加定冠词the，表示“***一家人”或“***夫妇二人”
e.g. The Smiths are having dinner. 史密斯一家正在吃饭
28. Linda Miller, a mother of three in London, knows all about such pressure.
Know about… 了解，知道……的情况
e.g. I happened to know about him.