⑴ 我想要初中的英语的语法总结~~~~要详细的
1. 形容词的位置：
代名形容词＋数量形容词＋性状形容词＋名词
再细分如下：
1放在冠词前的形容词(all, both, such...)＋2冠词、指示形容词、所有形容词、不定形容词(the, a, an, this, that, your, some, any...)＋3序数(first, second...)＋4基数(one, two...)＋5性质、状态(kind, fine, good...)＋6大小、长短、形状(large, small, big...)＋7新旧、温度(old, new, hot...)＋8颜色(red, blue...)＋9国籍(Chinese, English, Japanese...)＋10材料(iron, brick, stone...)＋11名词、动名词(boy, house...)
2. some和any的用法：
（1）两者修饰可数单数名词，表某一个；任何一个； 修饰可数复数名词和不可数名词，表一些；有些。
〔2）一般的用法：some用于肯定句；any用于疑问句，否定句或条件句。
I am looking for some matches.
Do you have any matches? I do not have any matches.
〔3）特殊的用法：
(A) 在期望对方肯定的回答时，问句也用some。
Will you lend me some money? (=Please lend me some money.)
(B) any表任何或任何一个时，也可用于肯定句。
Come any day you like.
（4）some和any后没有名词时，当做代名词， 此外两者也可做副词。
Some of them are my students.〔代名词）
Is your mother any better?（副词）
3. many和much的用法：
〔1）many修饰复数可数名词，表许多； much修饰不可数名词，表量或程度。
He has many friends, but few true ones.
There hasn't been much good weather recently.
（2）many a:
many a和many同义，但语气比较强，并且要与单数名词及单数形动词连用。
Many a prisoner has been set free. (=Many prisoners have been set free.)
〔3〕as many和so many均等于the same number of。 前有as, like时, 只用so many。
These are not all the books I have. These are as many more upstairs.
They worked like so many ants.
（4）as much等于the same amount of, 表同量和同一事情。
He bought two pounds of sugar and as much tea. 〔同量）
I was not in the least surprised, for I had fully expected as much. 〔同一事情）
（5）many和much之后不接名词时，作为代名词；另外much也可用副词。
Many of them were very tired.
I don't eat much for lunch. 〔代名词）
He is much taller than I. （副词〕
4. (a) few和(a) little的用法：
(1) (a) few用在复数可数名词之前，(a) little用在不可数名词之前。
He took a few biscuits. (=several)
He took few biscuits(=not many)
He took a little butter. (=some)
He took little butter. (=not much)
(2) few可由bardly any或almost no所取代，含否定的意味。
The composition is well written; it has few (=hardly any) mistakes.
Few (=Almost no) men can solve it.
(3) a few相当于some, several, 含肯定的意味。
He has a few (=some or several) friends.
(4) a little和little之间的差别，就和a few和few的差别一样，只是(a) little须修饰不可数名词，表量或程度。
He grows worse; there is little hope of his recovery.
He is not much better, but there is a little hope.
5. 其他的数量形容词：
(1) plenty of, a lot of, lots of均表许多，修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词。
The room contained plenty of (or a lot of or lots of) students.（复数名词）
The room contained plenty of (or a lot of or lots of) furniture.（不可数名词）
(2) a great (or a good) deal of, a large (or a small) quantity of, a large (or a small) amount of, 均表（量）， 修饰不可数名词。
The room contained a great deal of furniture. （不可数名词）
The room contained a good deal of furniture. （不可数名词）
The room contained a large quantity of furniture. （不可数名词）
The room contained a large amount of furniture. （不可数名词）
The room contained a small quantity of furniture. （不可数名词）
The room contained a small amount of furniture. （不可数名词）
(3) a number of “许多；一些”；a great (large, good) number of “许多”，修饰复数可数名词，并且要与复数动词连用。
A number of books are missing from the library.
The number of books from the library is large.
（the number of ＋复数名词←→单数动词）
The room contained a great (or large or good) number of students.（复数可数名词）
(4) enough的用法：
(A) 可接复数可数名词和不可数名词。
There are enough chairs. （可数）
There is enough furniture. （不可数）
(B) 可放在年修饰名词的前后。
We don't have enough time. =We don't have time enough.
(5) hundreds of, dozens of, thousands of, scores of ＋复数可数名词
冠词或数词(one, two...) ＋ (hundred, dozen, thousand, score) 复数可数名词
(6) the rest of “其余的”， 可接复数可数名词及不可数名词，作主词时，接可数名词则用复数动词，接不可数名词则用单数动词。
The rest of the students are absent. （复数可数名词）
The rest of the water was thrown away. 不可数名词）
注：the rest作代名词， 等于 the others， 和复数动词连用。
6. 不可名词量的表示语：
(1) 不可数名词可加表单位的形容片语，表示数的观念。其公式为：
数词＋单位词＋of＋不可数名词
(2) 各类表单位的形容词片语。
(A) 物质名词：
a piece (suit) of armour;
a piece (slice) of cake;
a piece (an article) of furniture;
a piece of jewelry;
a piece (sheet) of paper;
a cake of soap;
a piece (slice) of bacon;
a piece (stick) of chalk;
a bit (blade) of grass;
a piece (strip) of land;
a bit (grain) of rice;
a bowl of soup;
(B) 抽象名词
a word of abuse;
an item (a bit) of business;
an attack of fever;
a bit (an amount) of interest;
a fit of passion;
a piece (word) of advice;
a piece of evidence;
a piece (an item) of information;
a piece (an item) of news;
(C) 自然现象：
a flash of lightening;
a bolt of thunder;
7. 名词种类的表示语：kind of, sort of, type of,
(1) 三者都可接可数名词及不可数名词，其后的冠词a (an)常被省略。
What kind of (a) pencil did you buy?
I don't like that sort of game.
(2) kind of, sort of, type of之前可加a, the, some, any, etc.
I had a kind of suspicion that he was cheating.
(3) 比较下列用法：（加*表非正式用法）
I don't like this (*those) kind of person.
I don't like many (or these) kinds of roses.
I like this kind of flower.
I like flowers of this kind.
I like *these kind of flowers.
I like this kind of roses.
I like roses of this kind. （置名词后更强调种类）
I like roses of these kinds.（置名词后更强调种类）
8. 数词：
(1) 基数(Cardinal numerals)：one, two, three...
(A) 除one接单数名词外，其余均接复数名词。
He has one sister and three brothers.
(B) hundred的后面须加and（但可以省略）。
12,345 = twelve thousand three hundred (and) forty five;
(2) 序数(Ordinal mumerals)：first, second, third...
(A) 序数前面必须附以定冠词。而a second, a third等，则是another的意思。
(B) 日期多用序数。
It's on Friday, the fifth of October (= October the fifth = October 15th).
(C) 序数的简体。
9th = the ninth; 12th = the twelfth; 16th = the sixteenth;
(3) 分数：
(A) 分数的表示法：第一，分子用基数，分母用序数。第二，分子大于2时，分母须加“s”以形成复数。
1/2 = a (one) half; 1/3 = a (one) third; 2/3 = two-thirds; 1/4 = a (one) quarter;
(B) 分数可接与不可数名词；所接的名词是单数，则与单数动词连用，是复数则与复数动词连用。
A third of the peach was bad.
A third of the bananas were bad.
(4) 倍数词：常用的有half, double, treble（三倍）等。
(A) half a, a half, half the ＋名词，表（一半的）。
He ran a half mile in half an hour.
He ran half a mile in half an hour.
I have read half the book.
(B) half还可作名词，代名词及副词。
Two halves make a whole. （名词）
This is half as much again as that. （副词）
(C) 倍数常用的表达法：
(half; double; treble; twice; two times; three times; four times...) ＋定冠词或所有形容词＋名词或所有代名词
I had to pay double (= twice) the usual fare.
That window is three times the size of this.
9. “数词＋名词”结合而成的形容词：
(1) 数词＋名词＝形容词
a five-dollar bill;
two three-hour periods;
the Three-power Conference(三强会议);
(2) 数词＋名词＋形容词＝形容词
a six-year-old boy;
a three-hundred-year-old tree;
注：上述的复合字是以hyphen(-)连结，而且其中的名词要用单数形式。
(3) 名词（无冠词）＋基数＝the ＋序数＋名词
World War Ⅱ= World War Two or the Second World War;
Vol. Ⅰ= Volume One or the First Volume;
Page 4 = page four or the fourth page;
Lesson 6 = lesson Six or the Sixth Lesson;
Chap. Ⅲ = Chapter Three or the Third Chapter;
Charles Ⅰ= Charles the First;
cf. Napoleon the Great = the Great Napoleon;
（这几种用法，非专有名词，可不用大写，但等号两边须一致。〕
(4) “数词＋复数名词”作主词，虽为复数形，但强调单一性，则用单数动词。若强调一个一个的个别数，则用复数动词。
Thirty minutes is sufficient for a good sermon.
Fifty dollars a month is a large sum in our eyes, but is nothing to him.
cf. Ten years have passed since I saw you last.
10. 各种数字的读法：
(1) 年号的读法：
1979←→nineteen seventy-nine or nineteen hundred (and) seventy-nine;
(2) 电话号码；货币的读法：
1023←→one o two three; 1227←→one double two (or two two) seven; $4.25←→four dollars (and) twenty-five (cents);
(3) 小数点的读法：
13.91←→thirteen decimal (point) nine one; 0.23 = nought demical two three;
(4) 算术式的读法：
2+3=5 Two plus three is (equals, is equal to) five.
5-3=2 Five minus three is equal to two.
3×2=6 Three times two is six. or Three by two are six.
9÷3=3 Nine divided by three makes three.
形容词（二〕：
1. 限定用法：形容词紧靠着〔代）名词，直接修饰该〔代）名词。
(1) 前位修饰：
(A) 字尾为en或表比较的形容词，大多只能作限定用法，放在名词的前面。
a wooden leg; earthen ware; his elder sister; the upper room, etc.
(B) 下列这些形容词只有限定用法，没有叙述用法。
upper; former; latter; outer; inner; utmost; mere; only; utter; main; certain; very; live; spare;
(C) 形容词前有so; no; too; how等字时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后。
He could not do it in so short a time.
He is no less remarkable a man than his elder brother (is).
(2) 后位修饰：
(A) 名词之后的数词＋名词＋old; long; high; wide; deep; etc.
a man eighty-five years old; a river two hundred miles long;
(B) 为加强语气或音调美，而将限定形容词放在后面。
He had a face thin and worn, but eager and resolute.
(C) something; anything; everyone; anybody... ＋ 形容词。
I'll tell you something very important.
That's nothing new.
(D) 由形容词子句省略主词和动词而不的过去（或现在）分词或形容词片语。
I have answered all the letters (which were) received (by me).
Alfred was a king anxious for his people's welfare.
2. 叙述用法：形容词作补语，间接地修饰〔代）名词。
He was awake all the night. 〔主词补语）
The noise kept me awake. 〔受词补语）
注：可作限定用法和叙述用法的形容词。
I have many trustworthy friends. 和 All of my friends are trustworthy.
It was a hot and sultry day. 和 The weather became hot and sultry.
3. 作补语的形容词：
(1) be＋形容词＋介系词：由此结合而成的片语，有些等于及物动词。
I am fond of skiing. = I like skiing.
He is afraid of it. = He fears it.
注：其他如：be capable of; be concerned with; be (un)familiar with (to); be late for; be subject to; be worthy of; etc.
(2) 某些已转化为形容词的过去分词，其后通常接at; about; with; in; of等介词。
John is interested in English grammar.
He was surprised at her behaviour.
(3) be＋形容词＋介系词：可接〔代）名词，动名词，或名词子句，但名词子句若是hat子句须省略介词，因that子句不可直接作介词的受词。
She was not aware of the facts.
She was not aware (of) how much her husband earned.
She was not aware that there is danger.
(4) It+ be ＋形容词＋that子句
It is true that she never came.
此类形容词有：certain; likely; obvious; plain; possible; true; etc.
(A) that子句中的假设法。
It is appropriate that he (should) get the post. （should可省略〕
(B) 人称形容词亦可接其他连接词引导的子句。
I'm not sure why he came.
I'm not clear where she went.
4. 有关worth; worth while; worthy的句型 如下:
(A) 主词(含it) + be worth + (动)名词
(B) It(虚主词) + be worth while + 不定词或动名词
(C) 主词 + be worthy + of + (动)名词
主词 + be worthy + 不定词
This book is worth reading. (= It is worth while to read this book. = This book is worthy of reading. = This book is worthy to be read.)
5. like和as: like只能作介词不能作连接词; as则两者都可。
I hoped to succeed as you have (succeeded).
I hoped to succeed like you.
I hope to succeed *like you have. (like作连词是非正式的用法)
冠词 (三)
1. 不定冠词的用法:
(1) a用在子音前; an用在母音前。
An hour
(2) 表同种类的全体, 此时a带有any的意味。
A dog is a faithful animal. (=Dogs are faithful animals.)
(3) 等于one。
I have a sister and two brothers.
(4) 等于the same.
Birds of a feather flock together.
(5) 等于per“每一......”。
We work eight hours a day. Ninety miles an hour;
(6) a = a certain, 表说话者不认识此人。
Do you know a Mr. Smith?
(7) 物质名词或抽象名词加a (an)即成普通名词，
Asparagus is a grass. (a = a kind of) ;
This is a good cloth for summer.
(8) “have (or take) + a + 抽象名词”，与抽象名词的动词形同义。
Let us take a swim. = Let us swim.
2. 定冠词的用法：
(1) 由于上下文的关系, 某名词所指的东西已非常明显, 或已有一定的范围, 该名词应加the。
Shut the door.
Please pass me the caster.
(2) 表该名词的总称。
The cow is a useful animal. (= Cows are useful animals.)
(3) 前面已提过的名词，再度提到时前面加the。
Once upon a time there was a little boy who lived in a cottage.
The cottage was in the country, and the boy lived there all his life.
(4) 用于为片语或子句所修饰的名词之前。
This is the book that I promised to lend you.
(5) 用在宇宙（独一无二）的天体名词之前。
The sun; the moon; the sky; the earth;
(6) 用在方位，方向等名词之前。
The sun rises in the east and set in the west.
(7) 乐器的名称前要加the。
To play the piano (violin, guitar, flute, etc.)
(8) 表示单位的名词前要加the。
Gasoline is sold by the gallon.
Meat is sold by the catty.
(9) 在最高级的形容词或序数(the first...)之前要加the。
Taiwan is the best place to live in.
(10)专有名词在下列情况可加the。
（A）海、河、运河的名称：The Thames; the Bahamas;
(B) 复数形的专有名词: The West Indies; the Bahamas;
（C）船泊的名称: The Queen Mary; the Flying Scotsman; the Comet;
(D) 书报、杂志、经典的名称： the Times; the Central Daily News; the Koran;
(E) 公共建筑、机关的名称: The Ritz Hotel; the Ministry of Ecation;
(F) 国民的总称: the French; the Japanese; the Chinese;
(G) 用在姓氏的复数前指其全家人: The Chens will move to the country.
3. 冠词的省略:
(1) 称呼语之前不加冠词。
Waiter, bring my bill, please.
(2) 家庭称谓如父母兄弟前不加冠词，甚至佣人也都不需加冠词。
Father is out, but Mother is at home.
Cook has made mince-pies for Christmas.
(3) 三餐名称前不加冠词。
Come to dinner (breakfast, lunch) with me.
(4) 运动、游戏、颜色、感官的名词前不加冠词。
He likes basketball.
White is a beautiful color.
Do you play bridge?
Sight is one of the five senses.
(5) 表官职、身份或亲属关系的名词当补语，或作同位语时不加冠词。
He was elected president.
George Ⅵ, King of England.
(6) School; church; hospital等字，指原有的用途时不加冠词，若指建筑物本身或场所时，则要加冠词。
School begins at eight. （school作抽象名词用）
The school stands on the hill. （school指建筑物）
(7) 两个相对的名词并用时不加冠词。
Arm in arm; day by day; man to man; young and old;
副词 (四)(Red修饰Blue)
1. 副词的用法:
(1) 修饰动词: He works hard. He speaks slowly.
(2) 修饰形容词: The flower is very beautiful.
(3) 修饰其他副词: He works very hard.
(4) 修饰名词: Even a child (or Even he) can do it.
(5) 修饰全句: Probably he will come back.
(6) 修饰副词片语: He came exactly at two o’clock.
(7) 修饰副词子句: He started soon after we came.
2. 副词的位置
(1) 副词修饰形容词、副词（片语或子句）时，通常放在前面。
The mountain is very beautiful.
He came long before the appointed time.
(2) 修饰动词的副词
不及物动词 + 副词 She speaks well.
及物动词 + 受词 + 副词 She speaks English well.
(3) 表确定时间或场所的副词, 通常放在句首或句末, 放在句首时语气较强。
She was born in Taipei in 1948.
(4) always, never, often, sometimes, usually等频率副词的位置。
(A) 在一般动词前: They always say so.
(B) 有动词be时,在be动词后: I am always busy.
(C) 有助动词时, 在助动词和本动词间: This job will never be finished.
(5) 置于句首修饰全句: Fortunately he succeeded in the examination.
(6) 同类两个以上的副词须依 (单位较小者 + 单位较大者) 的顺序排列。
He lives at Taichung, in Taiwan, Republic of China.
(7) 有两个以上不同种类的副词修饰语时, 其顺序为: 地点+状态+次数+时间。
She arrived there safely the other day.
3. 时间副词
(1) Time“时候”: 可以用作when的答语, 如: late ( = at a late time), now ( = at this time), presently (= at the present time), then ( = at that time), just, nowadays, today, etc.
I’ve just heard that you are leaving us. ( = at this very moment)
Nowadays, many teenagers have long hair. ( = at the present time)
注: 两个以上表时间的副词须依“单位小的时间＋单位大的时间”排列。
I’ll see you at nine on Monday.
(2) Duration“期间” : 用来作how long的答语，如：
momentarily, temporarily, for many weeks, long, from May till August, etc.
Has he been ill long? Yes, he has been ill since the end of May.
He was away from school (for) four or five weeks.
(3) Frequency“频率”: 用来作how often的答语，可分两种：
(A) 非限定频率：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, ever, etc.
The sun always rises in the east. My brother rarely writes to me.
(B) 限定频率：daily, hourly, monthly, annually, twice, everyday, once, etc.
I have been in Singapore once.
We have English lessons every other day.
注：以上三种时间副词在一起时，其顺序为“期间＋频率＋时间”。
I was there for a day or so every year ring my childhood.
注： Seldom, rarely, never等有否定意义的频率副词置于句首，要将助动词或be动词放在主词之前。
Seldom do we hear such fine singing from school choirs.
4.地方副词: 表示where？的副词，也包括“动态方向”的副词，如：
below, by, down, elsewhere, far, here, home, in, locally, near, off, opposite, out, around, away, back, outward(s), right, sideway(s), upward(s), etc.
(1) 地方副词通常置于句尾，加强语气时可放在句首。
He lives in a small village. They are not there.
(2) 两个地放副词并列时，地方确定的副词在后面，地方不确定的副词在前面。
The children running around upstairs.
(3) 两个以上的地方副词须依“小地方＋大地方”的顺序排列。
Many people eat in restaurants in London.
5. 几个特殊副词的用法：
(1) enough, too,
(A) enough放在所修饰的形容词和副词后面; too放在形容词和副词前面。
She’s old enough to do some work.
She’s too old to do any work.
(B) too...to + 动词“太…而不能”, enough to + 动词“足够可以”(= so...that)
I am too poor to afford such extravagance.
= I am so poor that I cannot afford such extravagance.
You are rich enough to keep a maid.
= You are so rich that you can keep a maid.
(2) very, much,
(A) very修饰形容词，副词； much (或very much)修饰动词。
He spoke very carefully.
It is much talked about these days.
(B) Very修饰原级形容词及副词；much修饰比较级，最高级的形容词及副词。
Your work is very good.
This is much better.
This is much (by far) the best.
(3) already, yet, still,
(A) Already用于肯定句，作“已经”解； yet用于否定句，作“还”解，用于疑问句作“已经”解。
I already like him. (= I have by this time come to like him.)
He can’t drive yet. (= He can’t drive up to this time.)
注：Already用在疑问句或否定句时，表惊讶。
Have you already seen him? (= That was quick.)
(B) Still表动作或状态的持续，作“仍然”解。
I still like him. (= I continue to like him.)
注：Still放在动词前后，有时句意不同。
He is still standing. (continue to stand)
He is standing still. (= standing motionless)
(4)only和 also常随句中位置的变动，句意和语气也会改变。
Only John phoned Mary today.
John phoned only Mary today.
John phoned Mary only today (today only).
(5) just, merely, purely, simply等字放在所修饰的词语之前；
⑵ 初中英语语法总结
以我看来学习英语不能一步登天，如果真心要学好英语就应该多一点努力少一点侥回幸，众多高手的方法有很答多我不太认同，初二的英语很重要，比初三还重要，只要初二的学好了，初三的学起来就有希望多了。
学好英语最重要的是培养良好的语感，千万不要错过每一次的早晚读。良好的语感会让我们学起单词和语法很有帮助。阅读理解就更不用说了。
http://groups.tianya.cn/tribe/showArticle.jsp?groupId=411854&articleId=
⑶ 初中英语语法总结
。“语法要精，就用奥风！”你可以试试奥风英语的 中学语法三剑客。中学语版法三剑客分中考版和高考版。中权考/高考语法完全突破 视频教程，记忆大纲，和精编中考/高考语法专项练习，三件一套，可以说是目前公认最好的语法资料了。网络 中考语法完全突破 就能找到视频教程，不妨找来看看。
⑷ 初中英语语法总结，要全啊
我是转载的 看看吧：
11. 动词的时态
11.1 一般现在时的用法
1） 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如：
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3） 表示格言或警句。例如：
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
4） 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：
I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。
比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。
第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.2 一般过去时的用法
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如：
Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。
3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ，例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
would （had） rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。例如：I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含义：她已不在人间。）
Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含义：她现在还活着）
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）
注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：
Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗？
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。
2）情态动词 could, would。例如：
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗？
返回动词的时态目录
11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如：
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。
be used to + doing： 对……已感到习惯，或"习惯于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。例如：
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。
典型例题
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.4 一般将来时
1） shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如：
Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？
2） be going to +不定式，表示将来。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？
b. 计划，安排要发生的事。例如：The play is going to be proced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。
3） be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如：
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4） be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。例如：
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
返回动词的时态目录
11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时，be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如：
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
返回动词的时态目录
11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如：
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排）
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排）
返回动词的时态目录
11.7 一般现在时表将来
1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。
2）以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如：
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
3）在时间或条件句中。例如：
When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。
4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如：
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.8 用现在进行时表示将来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如：
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？
返回动词的时态目录
11.9 现在完成时
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have （has） +过去分词。
返回动词的时态目录
11.10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时
1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。
共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如：
I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）
Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）
Who hasn't handed in his paper? （强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争）
He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续）
He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续）
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
返回动词的时态目录
11.11 用于现在完成时的句型
1）It is the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如：
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。
This is the first time （that） I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2）This is +形容词最高级+that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。例如：
This is the best film that I've （ever） seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
典型例题
（1） ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
（2） ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。
注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
（错）I have received his letter for a month.
（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
返回动词的时态目录
11.12 比较since和for
Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如：
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。
注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. （我现在已不在这里工作。）
I have worked here for many years.（现在我仍在这里工作。）
注意：用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。
1）（对） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2）（错） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
返回动词的时态目录
11.13 since的四种用法
1） since +过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six）。例如：
I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在这儿。
2） since +一段时间+ ago。例如：
I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿，已经有五个月了。
3） since +从句。例如：
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，变化可大了。
Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后，变化可大了。
4） It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如：
It is two years since I became a postgraate student. 我考上研究生有两年了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.14 延续动词与瞬间动词
1） 用于完成时的区别
延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如：
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 （表结果）
I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。（表经历）
2） 用于till / until从句的差异
延续动词用于肯定句，表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示"到……，才……"。例如：
He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来。
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。
典型例题
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.15 过去完成时
1） 概念：表示过去的过去
----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2） 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如：
She said （that）she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如：
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"。例如：
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。
3） 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如：
He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年，爱迪生开始自己谋生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
汤姆失望了，因为他到达晚会时，大部分客人已经走了。
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。
注意： had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如：
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门，他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如：
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.16 用一般过去时代替过去完成时
1） 两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。例如：
When she saw the mouse，she screamed. 她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。
2 ） 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。例如：
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3） 叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。例如：
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
返回动词的时态目录
11.17 将来完成时
1） 构成will have done
2） 概念
a. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如：
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。
b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如：
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此时，你已经到达上海了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.18 现在进行时
现在进行时的基本用法：
a. 表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。例如：
We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。
b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）
c. 表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：
The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。
d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。
典型例题
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.19 不用进行时的动词
1）表示事实状态的动词，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如：I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。
2）表示心理状态的动词，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如：I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。
He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。
3）瞬间动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如：
I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。
4）系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如：
You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。
返回动词的时态目录
11.20 过去进行时
1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。
3） 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如：
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。
It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。
典型例题
1） Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
2） As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read；was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell（fall的过去时），是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
⑸ 英语初中总结。 帮我总结初中的语法和词语用法（如as…as 等）。
http://wenku..com/view/befc5021a5e9856a561260cc.html
文库来里的初中语源法总结，很全，点进去看看吧
⑹ 初中英语语法总结
语法要精，就用奥风！建议网络 中考语法完全突破 视频教程看看，绝对是最给力的教程专，配有记忆大属纲和精编中考语法专项练习，三件一套，所以又叫中学语法三剑客，学记练习一体而又各自独立，非常棒果。词汇方面可以试试 中考词汇篇章式记忆，采用情景式和篇章式记忆为主导，将单词融入一篇篇优美的短文，并配有MP3。
⑺ 初中英语语法总结
http://wenku..com/view/a74ac2c69ec3d5bbfd0a744a.html
网络文库 有财富值就可以下载 好好看吧~~
个人认为这篇总结的不专错 而且篇幅少一些，属
http://wenku..com/view/93189cc30c22590102029d1d.html
⑻ 初中英语的语法总结
1.名词：单复数复，所有格制，可数与不可数
2.人称代词：名词性物主代词、形容词性物主代词，人称代词主格和宾格的用法
3.指示代词用法
4.系动词用法
5.时态用法
6.to do 和 doing 用法
7.there be 句型
⑼ 谁有 初中 英语 语法总结
现在流行的一句话就是“语法要精，就用奥风！”你可以试试奥风英语的 中学语法三剑内客。中学语容法三剑客分中考版和高考版。中考版包括 中考语法完全突破 视频教程，记忆大纲，和精编中考语法专项练习，三件一套，大纲供背诵记忆，练习供运用巩固，学记练一体，全面系统，配套完善，直节针对中考，可以说是目前公认最好的语法资料了。网络 中考语法完全突破 或进入奥风英语网站即可找到视频，好不好搜来一看便知。