Ⅰ 初中英语的语法总结
1.名词：单复数复，所有格制，可数与不可数
2.人称代词：名词性物主代词、形容词性物主代词，人称代词主格和宾格的用法
3.指示代词用法
4.系动词用法
5.时态用法
6.to do 和 doing 用法
7.there be 句型
Ⅱ 初中英语语法总结，要全啊
我是转载的 看看吧：
11. 动词的时态
11.1 一般现在时的用法
1） 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如：
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3） 表示格言或警句。例如：
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
4） 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：
I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。
比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。
第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.2 一般过去时的用法
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如：
Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。
3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ，例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
would （had） rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。例如：I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含义：她已不在人间。）
Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含义：她现在还活着）
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）
注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：
Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗？
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。
2）情态动词 could, would。例如：
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗？
返回动词的时态目录
11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如：
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。
be used to + doing： 对……已感到习惯，或"习惯于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。例如：
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。
典型例题
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.4 一般将来时
1） shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如：
Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？
2） be going to +不定式，表示将来。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？
b. 计划，安排要发生的事。例如：The play is going to be proced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。
3） be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如：
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4） be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。例如：
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
返回动词的时态目录
11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时，be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如：
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
返回动词的时态目录
11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如：
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排）
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排）
返回动词的时态目录
11.7 一般现在时表将来
1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。
2）以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如：
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
3）在时间或条件句中。例如：
When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。
4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如：
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.8 用现在进行时表示将来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如：
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？
返回动词的时态目录
11.9 现在完成时
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have （has） +过去分词。
返回动词的时态目录
11.10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时
1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。
共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如：
I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）
Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）
Who hasn't handed in his paper? （强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争）
He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续）
He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续）
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
返回动词的时态目录
11.11 用于现在完成时的句型
1）It is the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如：
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。
This is the first time （that） I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2）This is +形容词最高级+that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。例如：
This is the best film that I've （ever） seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
典型例题
（1） ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
（2） ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。
注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
（错）I have received his letter for a month.
（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
返回动词的时态目录
11.12 比较since和for
Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如：
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。
注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. （我现在已不在这里工作。）
I have worked here for many years.（现在我仍在这里工作。）
注意：用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。
1）（对） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2）（错） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
返回动词的时态目录
11.13 since的四种用法
1） since +过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six）。例如：
I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在这儿。
2） since +一段时间+ ago。例如：
I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿，已经有五个月了。
3） since +从句。例如：
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，变化可大了。
Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后，变化可大了。
4） It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如：
It is two years since I became a postgraate student. 我考上研究生有两年了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.14 延续动词与瞬间动词
1） 用于完成时的区别
延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如：
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 （表结果）
I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。（表经历）
2） 用于till / until从句的差异
延续动词用于肯定句，表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示"到……，才……"。例如：
He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来。
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。
典型例题
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.15 过去完成时
1） 概念：表示过去的过去
----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2） 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如：
She said （that）she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如：
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"。例如：
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。
3） 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如：
He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年，爱迪生开始自己谋生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
汤姆失望了，因为他到达晚会时，大部分客人已经走了。
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。
注意： had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如：
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门，他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如：
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.16 用一般过去时代替过去完成时
1） 两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。例如：
When she saw the mouse，she screamed. 她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。
2 ） 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。例如：
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3） 叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。例如：
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
返回动词的时态目录
11.17 将来完成时
1） 构成will have done
2） 概念
a. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如：
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。
b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如：
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此时，你已经到达上海了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.18 现在进行时
现在进行时的基本用法：
a. 表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。例如：
We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。
b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）
c. 表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：
The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。
d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。
典型例题
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.19 不用进行时的动词
1）表示事实状态的动词，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如：I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。
2）表示心理状态的动词，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如：I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。
He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。
3）瞬间动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如：
I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。
4）系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如：
You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。
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11.20 过去进行时
1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。
3） 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如：
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。
It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。
典型例题
1） Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
2） As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read；was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell（fall的过去时），是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
Ⅲ 初中英语句子的类型 与语法知识总结
采纳我就给你答案
Ⅳ 寻初中英语常见句子（语法要正确！）及语法！
英语日常用语一
▲Potluck Party ：一种聚餐方式，主人准备场地和餐具，叁加的人必须带一道菜准备饮料，最好事先问问主人的意思。
▲Pull over!把车子开到旁边。
▲Drop me a line!写封信给我。
▲Give me a ring. = Call me!来个电话吧！
▲For here or to go？堂食或外卖。
▲cool; That's cool! 等于国内年轻人常用的囗语“酷！”，表示不赖嘛！用于人或事均可。
▲What's up? = What's happening? = What's new? 见面时随囗问候的话“最近在忙什么？有什么新鲜事吗？一般的回答是“Nothing much!” 或“Nothing new!”
▲Cut it out! = Knock it out!= Stop it! 少来这一套！同学之间开玩笑的话。
▲Don't give me a hard time! 别跟我过不去好不好！
▲Get yourself together! 振作点行不行！
▲Do you have "the" time? 现在几点钟？可别误以为人家要约你出去。
▲Hang in there. = Don't give up. = Keep trying. 再撑一下。
▲Give me a break ! 你饶了我吧！（开玩笑的话）
▲Hang on. 请稍候。
▲Blow it. = Screw up. 搞砸了。
▲What a big hassle. 真是个麻烦事。
▲What a crummy day. 多倒霉的一天。
▲Go for it. 加油
▲You bet. = Of course. 当然；看我的！
▲Wishful thinking. 一厢情愿的想法。
▲Don't be so fussy! 别那么挑剔好不好。
▲It's a long story. 唉！说来话长。
▲How have you been? = How are you doing? 你过得如何？近来可好？
▲Take things for granted. 自以为理所当然。
▲Don't put on airs. 别摆架子。
▲Wishful thinking.一厢情愿的想法。
▲Don't be so fussy! 别那么挑剔好不好！
▲Give me a lift! = Give me a ride! 送我一程吧！
▲Have a crush on someone. 迷恋某人。
▲What's the catch? 有什么内幕？
▲Party animal. 开Party狂的人（喜欢叁加舞会的人）。
▲Pain in the neck. =Pain in the ass.讨厌的东西、人或事。
▲Skeleton in the closet.家丑
▲Don't get on my nerve! 别把我惹毛了！
▲Afat chance. =A poor chance. 机会很小。
▲Don't put on airs! 别摆架子！
▲I am racking my brains. 我正在绞尽脑汁。
▲She's a real drag. 她真有点碍手碍脚。
▲Spacingout.=daydreaming. 做白日梦。
▲I am so fed up. 我受够了！
▲It doesn't go with your dress. 跟你的衣服不配。
▲What's the point? = What are you trying to say? 你的重点是什么？
▲By all means.=Definitely. 一定是。
▲ steam 蒸 poach 水煮 boil 煮 toast 烤（面包）grill 烤、煎 roast（ck） 烘烤、红烧、（烤鸭） braise 油炸过用温火炖 pure 煮成浓汤 broil 烧、烤 season 加调味料 panbroil 用浅锅烧烤 seasoning 调味料 fry 炸、炒 dressing 沙拉酱 bake 烤 gravy 肉 saute' 用温火慢炒 appetizer 饭前菜、小菜 stew 炖、焖、红烧 entree 主菜 simmer 慢炖、煨 snack 点心、小点 stir fry 快炒、大火炒 marinate 腌、用卤泡，卤 smoke 熏
▲Let's get a bite. = Let's go eat. 去吃点东西吧！
▲I'll buy you a lunch （a drink; a dinner）. = It's on me. =My treat. 我请客
▲Let's go tch. 各付各的
▲My stomach is upset. 我的胃不舒服
▲diarrhea [dai r'i ] 拉肚子
▲吃牛排时，waitor 会问 "How would you like it ?" 就是问“要几分熟？”的意思，可以选择 rare，medium 或 well-done。
▲I am under the weather. =I am not feeling well. 我不太舒服!
▲May I take a rain check? 可不可改到下次？（例如有人请你吃饭，你未能赴约，只好请他改到下一次。）
▲I am not myself today. 我今天什么都不对劲!
▲Let's get it straight. 咱们把事情弄清楚!
▲What's the rush! 急什么!
▲Such a fruitcake! 神经病！
▲I'll swing by later. =I'll stop by later. 待会儿，我会来转一下。
▲I got the tip straight from the horse's mouth. 这个消息是千真万确的（tip指消息）!
英语日常用语二
▲easy as pie = very easy = piece of cake 很容易。
▲flunk out 被当掉。
▲take french leave 不告而别。
▲I don't get the picture. =I don't understand. 我不明白。
▲You should give him a piece of your mind. 你应该向他表达你的不满。
▲hit the road = take off = get on one's way 离开。
▲Now he is in the driver's seat =He is in control now.
▲Keep a low profile （or low key）. 采取低姿态。
▲Kinky =bizarre =wacky =weird 古怪的。
▲klutz （=clutz） =idiot 白痴、笨蛋。
▲know one's way around 识途老马。
▲lion's share 大部份。
▲tailgate 尾随（尤其跟车跟得太近）。
▲take a back seat. 让步。
▲take a hike =leave me alone =get lost 滚开。
▲hit the hay =go to bed 睡觉。
▲Can you give me a lift? =Can you give me a ride? 载我一程好吗？
▲green hand 生手、没有经验的人。
▲moonshine = mountain dew 指私酿的烈酒（威士忌）或走私的酒。胡说八道也可用moonshine。His story is plain moonshine.
▲chill out =calm down =relax（来自黑人英语）
▲rip off =steal;I was ripped off.我被偷了；rip off 也常被用为“剥夺”My right was ripped off. 权利被剥夺（来自黑人英语）。
▲我们称美国大兵为G.I. （Government Issue） or GI Joe, 德国兵或德国佬为
Fritzor Kraut，称英国佬为John Bull，日本人为Jap.或Nip，犹太人为Jew都是
很不礼貌的称呼。
▲mess around （with）瞎混；Get to work. Don't mess around.赶快工作，别瞎搅和。
▲snob 势利眼。
▲sneak in,sneak out 偷偷溜进去，溜出来。sneakers 运动鞋。
▲She is such a brown-noser. 她是个马屁精。
▲This is in way over my head. 对我而言这实在太难了。
▲I am an exam jitter and I always get a cramp in my stomach. 我是个考试紧张大师，一考试胃就抽筋。
▲Keep your study （work） on track. 请按进度读书（工作）。
▲Did you come up with any ideas? 有没有想到什么新的意见？
▲Don't get uptight !Take it easy. 别紧张，慢慢来！
▲Cheese ! It tastes like cardboard. Cheese吃起来味如嚼腊！
▲Get one's feet wet. 与中文里的“涉足”或“下海”，寓意相同，表示初尝某事。I am going to try dancing for the very first time. Just to get my feet wet.
▲美国总统到底是比尔·柯林顿还是威廉·柯林顿？吉米·卡特和詹姆斯·卡特是否同一人？根据语言学家William Safire的分析，美国多数政客都喜欢使用昵名代替他们原来的名字，如Bill就是 William的昵称，Jimmy等于James等，好造成一种平易近人的形象。
▲选课、课程
Add/Drop Course
Audit
Bulletin
College Catalog
Core Curriculum
Credit/Unit
Elective
Handout
Independent Study
Lecture
Prerequisite
Practical Training
Registration
Syllabus
Withdraw
▲考试、作业
Assignment
Blue Book
Cram
Dissertation
Final
Mid-term
Multiple-choice Exam
Open-book Exam
Oral Exam
Placement Test
Preliminary Test
Quiz
Research Paper
Take-home Exam
Presentation
▲学位、成绩
A.A./A.S
B.A./B.S.
Doctorate
Dropout
Grade Point Average
Incomplete
Major
Master's Degree
Minor
Pass/Fail Grading System
Probation
▲学校行政
Academic Advisor
Academic Year
Alumna/Alumus
Bursar/Treasurer
College
Community College
Dean
Department
Faculty
Foreign Student Advisor
Professor Emeritus
Quarter
Registrar
Registry
Semester
Session
Stipend
Trimester
Vocational School
Ⅳ 初中英语语法总结
语法项目 构 成 用 法 象 征 词 规则变化 不规则变化 例 句
一般现在时 动词用原形
三人称单数-s / es 表示经常性的
动作或状态 Every often always on 天 in月、季、节、年。 一般-s –es 辅音＋y---ies have----has
He goes to school every day.
I often have lunch at home.
一般过去时 动词用过去时
Be—was/ were 表过去某个、段时间内动作及状态 ago/just now /In1998 last/yesterday 等 一般/去e 双写/辅＋y结尾－ied go-went come-came
do-did leave-left等 He wrote a letter yesterday.
I studied hard last year.
一般将来时 be going to＋V原
will / shall + V原 在将来某个时间或
某段时要做的事 tomorrow / after
next / tonight in 2010
Go come leave stay
fly等用进行表将来 Are you going to read ?
He is coming tomorrow .
现在进行时 be＋doing 表此时此刻正进行的动作或状态 listen look now
all the time Don’t… 一般去e 双写
+ing tie die lie –
变ie为y加ing Tom is writing now .
They are lying on the bed .
现在完成时
现在完成进行 have / has +PP
have/has been+doing 发生在过去影响在现在的动作或状态等 含糊的频率副词 already just never ever 分词规则的同过去式是一样的 不规则的动词的过去分词需逐个记忆 I have been teaching for 8 years.
He has slept for two days.
.过去进行时 was / were +doing
多用于复合句中 表在过去某时间正在进行的动作 at this time yesterday
last Sunday evening 一般去e 双写
+ing tie die lie –
变ie为y加ing He was reading at that time
last Friday
过去完成时 had+动过去分词
多用于复合句中 该动作发生在过去的过去 by the time＋过去时
when after before 规则的分词构成与过去时一样的 需要逐个记忆
详见不规则动词表 We had learnt 2000 words
by the end of last year.
过去将来时 would + V 原形
多用宾语从句中 过去看来将要发生的动作或状态 He said that he… the next day . He said that he would come here the next day .
比较级形式
形容副词名词 后--er 前加more
名词比较用more 表示两个人、物
之间进行比较时 than /much/ a little
far / in the two 等 一般/去e 双写/辅＋y结尾－ier good/well —better
much/many—more She is the tall in the two.
He runs faster than Tom .
最高级形式
形容副词名词 后-est 前加most
名词比较用most 大于等于三个人、物之间进行比较 in the ＋比较范围
of the 具体的数字 一般/去e 双写/辅＋y结尾－iest bad/ill/badly-worst
far-farther-farthest She is the most beautiful
in her class.(最高级加the)
动词不定式
to do没有人称和数的变化 作主语
To read is helpful for anybody now . 作宾语
He wants to buy a dictionary. 作宾补
I hear him sing yesterday
Tom told me to open it. 作表语
His job is to take care of children . 作状语
He’ll go to see a doctor tomorrow . 作定语
He has much homework
to do every day .
主从复合句 状语从句
句子作状语 （时间地点原因条件让步比较）
He was writing a letter when I came in。 宾语从句
句子作宾语（语序、时态、引导词、客观事实）
He asked me if I had been to Beijing before. 定语从句
句子作定语（修饰名词或代词的句子、注意先行词）
I saw the man who was stealing my bike yesterday
主动结构
与
被动结构
主动语态：主语（人、物）+ 谓语 + 宾语
动作执行者 + 及物动词 + 动作承受者
被动语态：主语（人、物）+be PP + by宾语
动作承受者 + be PP + by动作执行者
在被动语态中没有可以省to 的不定式 We speak English .
主语 谓语 宾语
English is spoken by us
宾改主 谓语动词 be PP 主by 宾 主动变被动，先找主、谓、宾，宾改主、主by宾，代词变格要细心，谓语动词be pp,时态随主、数随被
PP 是及物动词的过去分词加ed 或不规则详见表
被动句的时态（be）随主动句的时态（do）人称和数应随被动句的主语(am、is、are、was、were等 )