㈠ 六年级英语的语法
一、词类:
动词、名词和形容词不太容易区分,如不能一眼看出,可用如下方法:
先用“一(量词)”(如:一个、一张等)和这个词连起来说,如说得通,一般认为是名词;说不通再用“很”去判断,就是把“很”和这个词连起来说,说得通一般就是形容词;都说不通就是动词。(目前我们学过的,以后可能不同)(另外一些很明显的,如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道)
1、 动词
这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称,其中包括行为动词(就是我们平时总说的那种动词)、be动词、情态动词。
(1)行为动词
就是我们平时上课时说的动词,表示某一动作或行为。如:sweep、live等。
行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式:
原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing,具体判断方法如下:
↗有,就加ing
读句子→读该单词→认识该单词→理解意思→看有无be动词 (若是be going to 就用原形)
↘没有,再看情态动词
↗有,就用原形
↗有,就加ed
↘没有,再看有无表示过去的时间状语 ↗是第三人称单数就加s或es
↘没有,再看主语
↘不是第三人称单数就用原形
(2)be动词
a、Am--was Is --was Are--were 口诀:我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它,所有复数全用are。
b、肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small.
c、 一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
我们现在学过的be动词大致分两类:is、am、are为一类,一般用于一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时中,was和were为另一类,一般用于一般过去时。
判断步骤: ↗第一、三人称单数,就用was
↗有,再看人称
↘第二人称单数和所有复数,就用were
看有无表示过去的时间状语
↗第一人称单数,就用am
↘没有,再看人称→第三人称单数,就有is
↘第二人称单数和所有复数,就用are
(3)情态动词
情态动词也是一类特殊的动词,平时我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。
我们现在学过的情态动词有:can、must、should、would、may。接触最多的是can。
情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条件影响)
2、 名词
表示某一事物,有具体的和抽象的之分。判断的关键词往往是be动词,be动词如果是am、is或was,名词就用原形;be动词如果是are或were,名词就加s或es。
这里强调两点:不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用is或者was;最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判断,以免受误导。
如何加后缀:
a.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
b.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
d.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
e.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet ,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
f. 不可数名词(没有复数形式) bread, rice, water, juice,etc.
g. 缩略形式
I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is /he has(got)
it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not etc
didn’t=did not weren’t=were not wasn’t=was not let’s=let us
判断步骤:
↗如是am、is或was→原形
读句子→读该单词→认识该单词→理解意思→看be动词
↘如是are或were→加s或es
3、 形容词(包括副词)
形容词表示某一事物的特征,副词表示某一动作的特征。形容词修饰名词,副词修饰动词
1.beautiful—beautifully 2.careful—carefully 3.quiet—quietly 4. usual—usually
5.real—really 6.loud—loudly 7.fast—fast 8.high—high 9.good—well
形容词和副词只有两种形式:原形和+er。
未作比较的情况下就用原形,比较时就+er。修饰比较级用much (much faster\louder)
两个重要特征:as……as中间一定用原形,有than的时候一定+er。(not as …as不如)
4、 人称代词和物主代词
㈡ 人教pep版英语六年级下册第一单元语法知识
how tall/have be 人称
㈢ 人教版六年级下册英语语法知识点
http://wenku..com/view/415a52e79b89680203d825c6.html
㈣ 小学六年级英语下册语法、句型
pep8六年级英语下册重点句型 单词 Unit 1
1、 How do you go to school? Sometimes I go by bike.
2、 How can I get to the zoo? You can go by subway.
3、 How can I get to the nature park? You can go by the No. 12 bus.
4、 How do you go to Canada? I go by bike.
5、 How do you go to the USA? I go by plane.
6、 My home is near. Usually I go to school by bike, because it's fast.
7、 Usually I go on foot. Because it is a good exercise.
8、 Which floor do you live? I live on the 2nd floor.
9、 Which bus can I take? ( Which bus can I go by?)
10、 How does Zhang Peng go to work? He goes by bus.
11、 How does Zhang Peng go to work? They go by school bus.
12、 Where is Zhang Peng's home? His home is near the post office.
13、 Where is Sarah's home? Her home is far.
14、 Look at the traffic lights. Remember the traffic rules.
15、 Stop at a red light. Wait at a yellow light. Go at a green light.
16、 Can I go on foot? Sure, if you like. It's not far.
17、 The traffic lights are the same in every county, but the traffic rules are different.
18、 Red means"Stop". Yellow means"Wait", and green means"Go".
19、 In China, drives drive on the right side of the road. In the US, drivers drive on the right side, too. In England and Australia, however, drivers drive on the left side of the road. If you go by car, by bike or on foot, you must know the traffic rules.
Unit 2
1、 There is a hospital in the middle. The post office is near the hospital on the right. The bookstore is on the left.
2、 Where is the supermarket? Go straight ahead.
3、 First, go straight. Next, turn left at the post office. Then , turn left at the school.
4、 Where's the museum? It's in front of the shoestore.
5、 Is the zoom far from here? No, it is not far.
6、 Thank you. You are welcome.
7、 What are you going to do after school? I want to buy a pair of shoes.
8、 Walk straight for three minutes.
9、 Get on the No. 301 bus. Get off at the cinema.
10、 Go next to the shoe store.
11、 Today is my birthday. Thank you all for coming.
12、 Happy birthday to you! Thank you.
13、 Let me tell you how to come. Start from the bus stop in front of our school.Find the white building on the left.Look for me near the door.
14、 First, walk south for three minutes. Then, take the No.1 bus at the cinema.
Unit 3
1、 What are you going to do this weekend? I'm going to visit my grandparents.
2、 I'm going outside to play.
3、 Where are you going tomorrow? I am going to the bookstore.
4、 I am going to the Great Wall. What are you going to do this afternoon? I'm going to buy a book.
5、 What are we going to do on Saturday morning? We are going to go shopping.
6、 What are they going to do this evening? They are going to the cinema.
7、 I am going to buy an English book in the bookstore.
8、 When are you going? I am going at 3 o'clock.
9、 I'm going to buy a magazine about plants.
10、 I want to be a science teacher one day!
11、 What does Sarah want to be in the future? She wants to be a science teacher one day!
12、 What is Amy going to do on the weekend? She is going to visit her friend.
13、 What are they going to do next week? They are going to the Great Wall.
Unit 4
1、 What does he like to do? He likes diving.
2、 What is his hobby? His hobby is painting.
3、 Does he live in the country? No, he doesn't. He lives in the city.
4、 Can I go with you? Sure.
5、 We look the same, but we don't like the same things.
6、 I live in China with my mom and dad. I don't have a sister or brother.
7、 What is her father's hobby? He likes riding a bike.
8、 Does she teach English? No, she doesn't. She teaches math. Does she teach you math? Yes, she does.
9、 Alice and her sister are twins. They look the same, but they are very different.
10、 Her sister Ann watches cartoons on TV. Alice usually plays at the park on Saturday.
Unit 5
1、 What does she do? She is a teacher.
2、 I teach lessons. I am a teacher.
3、 I clean streets. I am a cleaner.
4、 I sing songs. I am a singer.
5、 I dance. I am a dancer.
6、 I drive cars. I am a driver.
7、 I write stories. I am a writer.
8、 They work hard every day for us.
9、 He works in an air-conditioner company.
10、 What does your father do? He's an actor.
11、 What are you going to be ? I am going to be a dancer.
12、 What is Amy going to be one day? She is going to be a doctor.
13、 What is your brother going to be one day? He is going to be a writer.
14、 Who's he? He is my uncle. Who's she ? She is my aunt.
15、 He is a writer. He writes the TV show for my aunt.
16、 Sometimes my aunt works here in Beijing, but sometimes she works in Hong Kong.
17、 Who is the man? Who is the woman?
18、 She sells things. She is a salesperson.
19、 She helps sick people. She is a doctor.
20、 He teaches lessons. He is a teacher.
21、 She draws pictures. She is an artist.
22、 She cleans streets. She is a cleaner.
23、 Where does she go to work? She works in a car company.
24、 How does your father go to work? He goes by bus.
25、 She designs cars. If you like drawing and math, you can be an engineer.
26、 He likes working with numbers. He is an accountant.
27、 She is a policewoman. She often helps tourists find their way. If you enjoy helping people, you can work for the police.
Unit 6
1、 How do we save water? First, do not waste water.
2、 What should we do then? Use less water.
3、 What can you see in the picture? I can see a nature park.
4、 Where does the rain come from? It comes from the clouds.
5、 Where does the cloud come from? It comes from the vapour.
6、 Where does the vapour come from? It comes from the water in the river.
7、 How can the water become vapour? The sun shines, and the water becomes vapour.
8、 Little Water Drop sleeps in the river. He wakes up. He feels very hot. It may be cooler up in the sky, he thinks. He goes up. He meets Mr Wind.
9、 Where are you going? I am going to the sky.
10、 Little Water Drop goes higher and higher. He meets many other little water drops. They go up together and become a cloud. Little Water Drop becomes very heavy.
11、 Little Water Drop and some of his friends fall down into a lake. The sun comes out. Little Water Drop feels warm again. He sees Mr Wind.
12、 Can you help me go up to the sky again? Sure.
13、 First, put the seeds in the soil. Put it under the sun. Add water often. Next you wait for the sprout. Then you wait for the flower to grow.
14、 Let me tell you how to plant a tree. First, dig the soil. Then put the plant in the soil. Water it. In several days, you can see a big plant.
15、 How do you plant a flower? How do you plant a tree?
16、 What should you do then?
17、 I put some seeds into a pot. I put in some water too. Now it's in the sun.
18、 I am so excited. I can see the sprout. It is so lovely.
19、 My plant has two green leaves. I water it every day and make sure it gets lots of sun.
20、 My plant is one month old. It's tall and strong, but still it has no flowers. Oh, come on! I can hardly wait
21、 What needs water? Fish tree ….
22、 It is smaller than a river. (stream)
23、 It is made from water vapour (cloud)
24、 It falls from the clouds. (rain)
25、 He helps people be safe. (policeman)
26、 It warms our plant. (sun)
27、 This person works in a store. (salesperson)
28、 This person reports the news. (reporter)
29、 This person keeps the streets clean. (cleaner)
单词 Name________
1 .by plane by ship by bus by bike by train by subway on foot usually sometimes which floor Light traffic lights traffic rules stop wait go how stop at a red light wait at a yellow light go at a green light drive driver England China Australia however on the right on the left get to must always go to school if mean same country
2. where post office hospital cinema bookstore science museum library park zoo next to excuse me far north south west east turn left turn right go straight birthday please bank take look for supermarket shoe store get off party minute
3. tomorrow tonight this morning this afternoon this evening next week take a trip read a magazine go to the cinema on the weekend post card newspaper comic book dictionary what where when this evening tomorrow morning need theme park the great wall busy together fruit stand pet shop plant else shop
4. hobby dive diving ride riding a bike make makimg kites collecting stamps playing the violin like live goes to work by bus watches at night reads newspapers every day teaches English does does not TV reporter pen pal dear different week excited
Say soon something show twin
5. singer writer actor actress artist engineer accountant policeman salesperson cleaner work tip factory design money tourist way motor cycle police
6. rain cloud vapour sun stream come from shine become little drop wake up feel think meet high other fall down into come out again seed soil sprout plant should then garden easy put several day see pot lovely make sure get month old still come on hardly first second third forth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth twelfth twentieth
㈤ 小学六年级英语语法大全
小学六年级有什么语法啊,把基本单词句型背熟了就行了
㈥ 六年级下册第一单元(人教版) 英语 语法
六年级下册第一单元语法
形容词比较级、最高级的构成
一、 规则变化
1. 单音节词和少数双音节词
(1)一般情况在原级词尾加-er构成比较级,加-est构成最高级。如:high→higher→highest。
(2)以e结尾的词,直接加-r 或-st。如:large→larger→largest。
(3)重读闭音节,末尾只有一个元音字母加一个辅音字母的词,先双写这一辅音字母再加-er或 -est。如:big→bigger→biggest。
(4)以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的词,先变 “y”为 “i”,再加-er 或-est。如:happy→happier→happiest。
2. 大部分双音节词和所有多音节词
在原级前加more构成比较级,加most构成最高级。如:beautiful→more beautiful→the most beautiful。
二、 不规则变化
有一些词的比较级、最高级变化是不规则的,需要特殊记忆。如:
原形 比较级 最高级
好的 good / well →better →best
坏的 bad / ill →worse →worst
很多 many / much →more →most
小的/少的 little →less →least
远的 far →farther →farthest(表示距离)
far →further →furthest (表示程度)老的 old →older / elder →oldest (表示新旧或
年龄) / eldest (表示兄弟姐妹之间的长幼关系)
形容词比较级的用法
1. 两者比较时用形容词比较级,其结构为“A+ be动词+ 比较级 + than+B ”。如:My arms are bigger than yours .
2. 在两者之间选择“哪一个更……”时,用句型 “Which / Who is +比较级, ... or ...?”。
如:Who is taller , Amy or Sarah ?
3. 表示“越……,越……”时,用“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”。如:The more you eat, the fatter you will become.
4. 表示“越来越……”时,用“比较级 + and + 比较级”,多音节词和部分双音节词用“more and more + 形容词原级”。
如:The little water drop goes higher and higher .5. 形容词比较级前可以用下列词修饰:much, a little, 等。
如:You’re much taller than me . 你比我高的多。
六年级下册第一单元重点句子
1、How tall are you ? 你多高?/ How tall is he ?他多高?I’m 164cm tall . 我164厘米高。/ He is 159cm tall .他159厘米高。
2、You’re much shorter than me . 你比我高的多。
3、I’m 160cm . You’re 4 cm taller than me .
我160厘米。你比我高4厘米。
4、I’m 11 years old . 我11岁了。
I’m 12 . I’m one year older than you .
我12岁了. 我比你大一岁。
5、You’re taller than your brother . 你比你的哥哥高。
6、How heavy are you ? 你多重?
I’m 48kg. 我48 公斤。
7、I’m thinner and shorter than you . 我比你更矮、更瘦。
8、I’m bigger and stronger than Mike .
我比Mike更大、更壮。
9、How big are your feet ? 你的脚多大?
I wear size 17 . 我穿17号。
10、How long are your legs ? 你的腿多长?
My legs are 76cm . 我的腿长76厘米。
11、Line up from younger to older . 从小到大站队。
line up 站队 from….to …. 从…到…..
12、Line up from shorter to taller . 从矮到高站队。
13、Which monkey is stronger ? 哪个猴子更强壮?
The brown monkey is stronger . 棕色的猴子更强壮。
14、I like the little monkey . It’s younger and funnier .
我喜欢这只小猴子,它更小更有趣。
15、How long is its tail ? 它的尾巴多长?
its 它的 (形容词性物主代词) it’s= it is 它是
Its tail is about 30cm long . 它的尾巴大约30厘米长。
16、The yellow monkey is taller but the little monkey is funnier . 这只黄色的猴子更高但那只小猴子更有趣。
17、My hands are bigger than yours .我的手比你的手大。
yours(名词性物主代词)= your(形容词性物主代词) + arms(名词)
18、My arms are longer than his / hers .
我的胳膊比他的/她的更长。
19 How large is your room ? 你的房间多大?
My room is 20 square meters . 我的房间20平方米。
希望可以帮到你!
㈦ 人教版六年级下册英语重点句型
小学英语主要句型归类(三年级上册----六年级下册)
I 询问姓名、年龄。
1, ----What’s your name? ----你叫什么名字?
----My name is ________. ----我叫……。
2, ----How old are you? ----你几岁了?
----I’m 12. ----我十二岁。
II 询问颜色。
1, ----What colour is it? ----它是什么颜色的?
----It’s yellow and white. ----黄白相间。
2, ----What colour are they? ----它们是什么颜色的?
----They’re green. ----绿色的。
III 询问数量或价钱。
1, ----How many kites can you see? ----你可以看见几只风筝?
----I can see 12. ----我可以看见十二只风筝。
2, ----How many crayons do you have? ----你有多少支彩笔?
----I have 16. ----我有十六支。
3, ----How many people are there in your family? ----你家有几口人?
----Three. ----三口人。
4, ----How much is this dress? ----这条连衣裙多少钱?
----It’s ninety-nine yuan. ----九十九元。
5, ----How much are these apples? ----这些苹果多少钱?
----They’re thirty-five yuan. ----三十五元。
IV 询问时间或日期。
1, ----What time is it now? ----现在几点钟?
----It’s nine o’clock.. It’s time for English class. ----九点。该上英语课了。
(----It’s eight o’clock. It’s time to go to bed.) (----八点。该上床睡觉了。)
2, ----What day is it today? ----今天星期几?
----It’s Monday. ----星期一。
(----What do we have on Mondays? (----我们星期一上哪些课?
----We have Chinese, English, math …) ----语文、英语、数学……)
3, ----When is your birthday? ----你的生日是什么时候?
----It’s October 1st, our National Day. ----十月一日,国庆节。
4, ----When do you do morning exercises? ----你们什么时候做早锻炼?
----I usually do morning exercises at 8:30. ----我们通常8:30做早锻炼。
V 询问方位或地方。
1, ----Where is my toy car? ----我的玩具汽车在哪儿?
----It’s here, under the chair. ----在这儿,在椅子下面。
2, ----Where is the canteen? ----餐厅在哪儿?
----It’s on the first floor. ----在一楼。
3, ----Where are the keys? ----钥匙在哪儿?
----They’re in the door. ----在门上。
4, ----Excuse me. Where is the library, please? ----对不起,请问图书馆在哪儿?
----It’s near the post office. ----在邮局附近。
5, ----Where are you from? ----你从哪儿来?
----I’m from China. ----我从中国来。
6, ----Where does the rain come from? ----雨是从哪儿来的?
----It comes from the clouds. ----它是从云层里来的。
VI 询问想吃的东西。
1, ----What would you like for breakfast / lunch / dinner ? ----你早餐/中餐/晚餐想吃点什么?
----I’d like some bread and milk / rice and soup. ----我想吃面包和牛奶/米饭和汤。
2, ----What’s for breakfast / lunch / dinner? ----早餐/中餐/晚餐吃什么?
----Hamburgers and orange juice. ----汉堡包和橙汁。
VII 询问天气状况。
1, ----What’s the weather like in Beijing? ----北京的天气如何?
----It’s rainy today. How about New York? ----今天是雨天。纽约呢?
----It’s sunny and hot. ----今天是晴天,天气很热。
VIII 询问身体状况或情绪。
1, ----How do you feel? ----你感觉如何?
----I feel sick. ----我觉得不舒服。
2, ----What’s the matter? ----怎么了?
----My throat is sore. / I have a sore throat. ----我的喉咙疼。
3, ----How are you, Sarah? You look so happy. ----你好吗,莎拉?你看起来这么伤心。
----I failed the math test. ----我的数学考试没有通过。
IX 询问职业、身份或人物。
1, ----What’s your father / mother? ----你的父亲 / 母亲是做什么的?
----He’s a doctor. / She’s a teacher. ----他是一名医生。/ 她是一名教师。
2, ----What does you mother / father do? ----你的母亲 / 父亲是做什么的?
----She’s a TV reporter. / He’s a teacher. He teaches English.
----她是一名电视台记者。/他是一名教师。他教英语。
3, ----Who’s that man / woman? ----那位男士 / 女士是谁?
----He’s my father. / She’s my mother. ----他是我父亲。 / 她是我母亲。
4, ----Who’s this boy / girl? ----那个男孩儿 / 女孩儿是谁?
----He’s my brother. / She’s my sister. ----他是我兄弟。 / 她是我姐妹。
5, ----Who’s your art teacher? ----你们的美术老师是谁?
----Miss Wang. ----王老师。
----What’s she like? ----她长什么样儿?
----She’s young and thin. ----她很年轻、苗条。
X 询问兴趣、喜好。
1, ----What’s your favourite food / drink? ----你最喜欢的食物 / 饮料是什么?
----Fish / orange juice. ----鱼。 / 橙汁。
2, ----What’s your favourite season? ----你最喜欢的季节是什么?
----Winter. ----冬天。
(----Which season do you like best? (----你最喜欢哪个季节?
----Winter.) ----冬天。)
----Why do you like winter? ----你为什么喜欢冬天?
----Because I can make a snowman. ----因为可以堆雪人。
3, ----What’s your hobby? ----你的爱好是什么?
----I like collecting stamps. ----我喜欢集邮。
----What’s his hobby? ----他的爱好是什么?
----He likes riding a bike. ----他喜欢骑自行车。
4, ----Do you like peaches? ----你喜欢吃桃子吗?
----Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. ----喜欢。/ 不喜欢。
XI 询问平时一般或通常做的事情。
1, ----What do you do on Saturdays / on the weekends? ----你星期六 / 周末一般做什么?
----I usually do my homework. Sometimes I play football. ----我通常做作业,有时候踢足球。
XII 询问正在做的事情。
1, ----What are you doing? ----你在做什么?
----I’m doing the dishes. ----我在洗盘子。
2, ----What’s your father doing? ----你父亲正在做什么?
----He’s writing an e-mail. ----他正在写电子邮件。
3, ----What’s Mike doing? ----迈克正在干什么?
----He’s watching insects. ----他正在观察昆虫。
4, ----What’s the tiger doing? ----那只老虎在干什么?
----It’s running. ----它在奔跑。
5, ----What are the elephants doing? ----那些大象在干什么?
----They’re drinking. ----它们正在喝水。
XIII 询问将要做的事情。
1, ----What are you going to do? ----你准备做什么?
----I’m going to the cinema. ----我准备去看电影。
----When are you going to do? ----你准备什么时候去?
----This afternoon. ----今天下午。
2, ----Where are you going this afternoon? ----今天下午你准备到哪儿去?
----I’m going to the bookstore. ----我准备到书店去。
----What are you going to buy? ----你打算买点儿什么?
----I’m going to buy a comic book. ----我准备买本漫画书。
㈧ 小学六年级英语语法
基础短语、句式:
sb like(s) doing sth/to do sth 某人喜欢某事
sb can do sth 某人能做某事;sb don't/doesn't need to do sth某人不用做某事
it's time to do sth 该是(做)···的时候了
there is(are) sth on/in/under/behind/in front of sth 有···在···的上面/里面/下面/前面.
六年级英语语法知识汇总
一、词类:
1、 动词:行为动词、be动词、情态动词。
(1)行为动词
原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing,具体判断方法如下:
(2)be动词
a、Am--was Is --was Are--were 口诀:我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它,所有复数全用are。
b、肯定和否定句
I am (not) from London. He /She is(not) a teacher. My hair is(not) long. Her
eyes are(not) small.
c、 一般疑问句 Am I …? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. Are you/they…? Yes,we/ they are.
No,we/ they aren’t. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
is、am、are为一类,一般用于一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时中。
was和were为另一类,一般用于一般过去时。
(3)情态动词
can、must、should、would、may。情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条件影响)
2、 名词
这里强调两点:不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用is或者was。
如何加后缀:
a.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
b.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
d.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
e.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,
mouse-mice child-children foot-feet ,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people,
Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
3、 形容词(包括副词)
形容词表示某一事物或的特征,副词表示某一动作的特征。
形容词和副词只有两种形式:原形和+er。
未作比较的情况下就用原形,比较时就+er。
两个重要特征:as……as中间一定用原形,有than的时候一定+er。
4、 人称代词和物主代词
人称代词物主代词
单数复数单数复数
主格宾格主格宾格形容词性(短)名词性(长)形容词性(短)名词性(
人称代词:
有主格和宾格之分。
一般动词前用主格,动词后用宾格。
物主代词:
有两类:形容词性物主代词(短的)和名词性物主代词(长的)
一般看后面有没有名词,如有,就用形容词性物主代词(短的);如无,就用名词性物主代词(长的)。
5、 数量词
我们学过两类:基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少,而基数词用于表示次序,常在日期中出现。序数词的前面一般都加the。
6、冠词
有a、an、the。a和an的区别:an用于元音音素(一般就是元音字母aeiou)前,a用于辅音音素前。
二、否定句:
be动词(am、is、are、was、were)+not、
情态动词(can、must、should)+ not、
助动词(do、does、did) + not
如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句:
1、看句中有无be动词,如有,直接在be动词后+ not。
2、看句中有无情态动词,如有,直接在情态动词后+ not。
3、如上述二者都没有,就应用助动词+ not。分四个步骤:
(1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的,要加上去,位置在主语(某人或某物)后,动词前。
(2)确定助动词用do、does还是did,根据句中动词,动词是原形的助动词就用do,动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does,动词用过去式的助动词就有did。
(3)在助动词后加not。
(4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。
强调一点,有some的要考虑是否要用any。
三、一般疑问句。
如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句:
1、看句中有无be动词,如有,把be动词提到句首即可。
2、看句中有无情态动词,如有,把情态动词提到句首即可。
3、如上述二者都没有,就应把助动提到句首。分四个步骤:
(1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的,要加上去,位置在主语(某人或某物)后,动词前。
(2)确定助动词用do、does还是did,根据句中动词,动词是原形的助动词就用do,动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does,动词用过去式的助动词就有did。
(3)把助动词后提到句首。
(4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。
强调一点,有some的要考虑是否要用any。
四、特殊疑问句。
表示疑问,有疑问词(在开头),回答有很多种可能。
常用疑问词:
疑问词意思用法
When什么时间问时间
What time 什么时间问具体时间,如几点钟
Who谁问人
Whose 谁的问主人
Where在哪里问地点
Which哪一个问选择
Why 为什么问原因
What 什么问东西、事物
What colour什么颜色问颜色
What about。。。。怎么样问意见
What day星期几问星期几
What date什么日期问日期
What for 为何目的问目的
How 。。。。怎样问情况
How old多大年纪问年纪
How many多少数量(可数名词)问数量
How much多少钱;多少数量(不可数名词)问多少钱或数量(不可数)
How about。。。。怎么样问意见
How often多久问频率
How long多长时间问时间长度
How far 多远问多远;多长距离
五、祈使句
表示请求或命令别人做某事或不要做某事。
肯定祈使句一定是以动词原形开头(有时有please),否定的祈使句一定是don’t加动词原形开头(有时有please)。
把祈使句改为否定句只需在动词前加don’t即可。
六、时态
1、一般现在时
(1)一般现在时中的be动词:
一般用原形:am is are
am用于第一人称单数(I);is用于第三人称单数(he she it和其他人名或称谓,如:Ben his
sister等);are用于第二人称单数(you)和所有复数(包括第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you;第三人称复数they和其他复数,如the
children 、 his parents等)。
(2)一般现在时中的动词:
第一种情况:主语是第三人称单数(he she it 和其他,如Helen 、her cousin 等),动词后一般加s或es。
第二种情况:主语不是第三人称单数,动词都用原形。
(4)一般现在时判断依据(如何判断一个句子是一般现在时):
△be动词是am、is、are
△动词用原形或加s、es
△没有时间状语或有usually、often、everyday、sometimes等不是具体的时间
2、一般过去时
(1)一般过去时中的be动词:
一般用过去式:was were
was用于第一人称单数(I)和第三人称单数(he she it和其他人名或称谓,如:Ben 、 his
sister等);were用于第二人称单数(you)和所有复数(包括第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you;第三人称复数they和其他复数,如the
children 、 his parents等)。
(2)一般过去时中的动词:
一般只有一种情况:+ed
这里强调一点,和一般现在时不同的是这里不管主语是第几人称,也不管是单数和复数都加ed。
(4)一般过去时判断依据(如何判断一个句子是一般过去时):
△be动词是was、were △动词加ed
△有表示过去的时间状语
现在学过的常用的表示过去的时间状语有:
just now a moment ago yesterday last week last night
last weekend last year last month three days ago two weeks
ago
five years ago this morning
3、一般将来时
(1)构成形式:
Be going to +动词原形, will + 动词原形
(2)一般将来时表示动作即将发生或某人打算做某事。
(3)句中往往有tomorrow、soon、next week等词。
4、现在进行时
(1)构成形式:
Be动词+动词的ing形式
这里强调一点,两者缺少其中任何一种都不可以构成现在进行时。
(2)现在进行时表示动作正在进行或事情正在发生。
(3)有用的依据:
一个句子中既有be动词,又有动词,且动词加了ing ←→ 该句是现在进行时
(4)句中往往有now、look、listen等词。
动词过去式、现在分词的不规则变化:
be 是——was, were——being
begin 开始——began——beginning
build 建筑——built——building
buy 买——bought——buying
can 能——could——无
come 来——came——coming
拷贝——copied——ing
do 做——did——doing
draw 画——drew——drawing
drink 喝——drank——drinking
drive 驾车——drove——driving
eat 吃——ate——eating
feel 感觉——felt——feeling
find 找寻——found——finding
fly飞——flew——flying
forget 忘记——forgot——forgetting
get 得到——got——getting
give 给予——gave——giving
go 去——went——going
grow 成长——grew——growing
have 有——had——having
hear 听——heard——hearing
keep 保持——kept——keeping
know 知道——knew——knowing
learn学习—learnt, learned——learning
let 让——let——letting
make 做——made——making
may 可以——might——无
mean 意思——meant-meaning
meet 见面——met——meeting
must 必须——must——无
put 放——put——putting
read 读——read——reading
ride 骑——rode——riding
ring 响——rang——ringing
run 跑——ran——running
say 说——said——saying
see 看见——saw——seeing
sing 唱歌——sang——singing
sit 坐——sat——sitting
sleep 睡觉——slept——sleeping
speak 讲话——spoke——speaking
spend 花钱——spent——spending
stand 站立——stood——standing
sweep 打扫——swept——sweeping
swim 游泳——swam——swimming
take 拿到——took——taking
teach 教——taught——teaching
tell 讲述——told——telling
think 思考——thought——thinking
will 意愿——would——无
write 写——wrote——writi
㈨ 六年级下册英语语法点(新加坡)
话题语
与汉语、日语相似,新加坡英语非常重视话题语。所谓话题语,就是句子中的已知部分,同时定义句子的意义范畴。汉语和新加坡英语都趋向于把话题语放在句首,如以下例句中加重部份就是话题语:
This country weather very hot, one. — 这个国家天气很热。(话题语为地点)
Yesterday got so many people! — 昨天人真多!(话题语为时间)
Play soccer he very good. — 踢足球他拿手。(话题语为范围)
That person there cannot trust. — 那边那个人信不过。(话题语为宾语)
以上的话题语虽然在句子中的角色不同,句型却完全相同。在英美英语中,话题语就没有这种特殊地位,使用的句型也不一样:
In this country, the weather is very hot. — 在这个国家,天气很热。(加介词)
Yesterday, there were so many people! — 昨天,人真多!(加停顿)
As for playing soccer, he's very good. — 在踢足球方面,他拿手。(为现在分词,并加介词)
That person there cannot be trusted. — 那边那个人不能被信过。(宾语做主语,需使用被动语态)
和汉语一样,新加坡英语的话题语可以省略,而英美英语则不行:
Not good one lah. — (这个)不好的啦。
Cannot liddat go one lah. — (你)不能这么去的啦。
How come never show up? — (他)怎么没来?
I like badminton, dat's why go play every weekend. — 我喜欢羽毛球,所以(我)每个周末都去打。
He not feeling well, so decide to stay home and sleep. — 他觉得不舒服,所以(他)决定呆在家里睡觉。
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名词
受汉语影响,名词不需要加复数后缀,也不需要加冠词:
He can play piano. — 他会弹钢琴。
I like to read storybook. — 我喜欢看故事书。
Your computer got virus one, is it? — 你的电脑是不是有病毒?
句子中有其他表示复数的形容词(如several、both等)时,一般上会加复数后缀:
He got several apples. — 他有好几个苹果。
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动词“To be”
新加坡英语副词 very、so、not等代替to be、not to be的用法,与汉语用法相仿:
This house very nice. — 这个房子很好看。
You so stupid! – 你真笨!
That car not worth the money. — 那辆车不值。
-ing 可以独立作进行体,不需加to be,相当于汉语“在”、“正在”:
How come so late in the night you still playing music, ar? — 怎么这么晚了你还在放音乐啊?
You looking for trouble, is it? — 你是不是在找岔儿啊?
其他省略to be的用法,如直接加介词:
His house in Ang Mo Kio. — 他家在宏茂桥。
一般来说,to be在名词、人称代词后省略(I、he、she除外),在从句或指事代词(this、that)后保留。
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过去时
不规则动词、以t、d结尾的动词,一般都加过去时:
I went to Orchard Road yesterday. — 昨天我去了乌节路。
He accepted in the end. — 他最后还是接受了。
其他辅音结尾的规则动词,一般不加过去时:
He talk for so long, even I ask him stop also never stop. — 他讲了那么久,连我叫他停,都不停。
若动词所表示的动作有持续性,一般不加过去时:
When I was young, ar, I go to school every day. — 我小的时候啊,每天都上学。
When he was in school, he always get good marks one. — 他上学的时候,成绩一直都不错。
Last night I mug so much, so sian already. — 昨天晚上我复习了那么半天,都快烦死了。
新加坡英语可以用助词already或liao(后者读低调,相当与闽南语中「料」,即「用尽」之意) 以表示状态的改变,但是不能表示持续或重复的状态,和汉语的句尾助词“了”和“过”基本一样:
He throw it liao. — 他扔掉了。
Aiyah, cannot wait any more, must go oreddy. — 哎呀,不能再等了,得走了!
I eat liao. — 我吃过了。
Yesterday, dey go there oreddy. — 昨天他们已经去过了。
This new game, you play liao or not? — 这个新游戏你玩过了没有?
Ah Song kena sai oreddy, then how? — 阿松惹麻烦了,怎么办?
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否定句
否定句和英美英语一致,即在助动词后加not,在其他动词前加don't(或其他形式)。
但由于复韵尾的部分脱落,don't中的/t/一般不发音,/n/甚至在造成韵腹/o/鼻化之后也跟着脱落,最后/o/的鼻化成为否定句的标志:
I do (/dõ/) want. — 我不要。(没听清楚鼻化/o/的话,就容易听成:“我当然要!”)
同样因为韵尾/t/的脱落,can(会、能)的肯定和否定形式之间的区别完全在元音上:
I can /kɛn/ do this lah. — 我会做啦。
I can't /kɑn/ do this lah. — 我不会做啦。
Never在英美英语中是“永不”的意思,但在新加坡英语中有一个特别的用法,和汉语中的“没”(即完成体否定式)相同:
How come today you never hand in homework? — 怎么今天你没交作业?
How come he never pay? — 怎么他没付钱?
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疑问句
除了英美英语中倒转主语和动词的疑问句形式以外,新加坡英语还有两个和汉语相似的疑问句句型:
Or not相当于汉语动词的“X不X”疑问句形式,但必须加在句尾,而且不能用于否定句:
This book you want or not? — 这本书你要不要?
Can or not? — 行不行?
You want watch movie or not? — 你想不想看电影?
“Is it?”(是吗?)和英美英语不同,可以加在任何句子之后以表示疑问,和句子中的动词无关,主要表示说话者已经认为答案是肯定的,只是想确认而已:
They never study, is it? — 他们不学习是吗?(怪不得不及格)
You don't like that, is it? — 你不喜欢是吗?(怪不得你做鬼脸)
Alamak, you guys never read newspaper is it? — 我的妈呀,你们从来不看报的是吗?(怪不得这么孤陋寡闻!)
除此以外,新加坡英语有许多可以表示或加强疑问的语气助词,如hah、hor、meh、ar等,在“助词”一节中另有详述。
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重复式
另一个和汉语和马来语都极其相似的用法就是动词的重复式。新加坡英语主要重复动词,且用法和普通话不太一样。新加坡英语中,动词重复两遍表示的是短时间的尝试,三遍则表示长时间的重复:
You go tink tink a little bit, maybe den you will get answer. — 你去想想看,可能就会得出答案来的。
So what I do was, I sit down and I tink tink tink, until I get answer lor. — 我当时呢,就坐下来想了想,最后就得出答案了咯。
名词也可以重复以表示亲密,重复的名词必须指人,必须是单音节,这一点和汉语一样:
My boy-boy is going to Primary One already. — 我的儿子(仔仔)都上一年级了。
单音节或者双音节的形容词也可以重复,以表示程度的加深,这一点和汉语也颇雷同:
You go take the small-small one. — 你去拿小小的那个。
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Kena
Kena是新加坡英语独有的被动语态助词,可以用来取代英语英语中以to be或to get所构成的被动语态。Kena只能用来表示对主语有伤害的动作:
He was scolded. = He got scolded. = He kena scolded. = He kena scold. — 他被骂了。
但不能说:
*He kena praised. — 他被表扬了。
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One
One作助词时,和英美英语中的one(一)相差甚远。新加坡英语的one相当于南方汉语中语气助词“的”(即粤语的“嘅”、闽南语的“e”等),一般表示事态的长时间延续,并加以强调。这里的“的”,发音较强,和普通话中“的”的用法不太一样:
Walau! So stupid one! — 哇!好笨的!
I do everything by habit one. — 我做事都是照习惯的。
He never go to school one. — 他从来不上学的。
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提顿助词和语气助词
新加坡英语中的提顿助词和语气助词在英美英语中基本上没有相似的词类,和汉语中的同类词汇却非常相似,其中的许多助词更是直接借自闽南话或粤语。
新加坡英语中的提顿助词和语气助词的声调非常固定,不能改动,这一点也和汉语相似:
Lah 高平调或低降调
Lah 作助词及其常见,基本上可以加在任何句子的末尾(疑问句除外)。Lah不但有强调的作用,还能增加说话人和听话人之间的亲近感。“lah”在马来语中就用于祈使句(如“喝水”在马来语中是minuman,但当要求别人“喝水!”时,就成了“minumlah”)。在新加坡英语中,lah也有这个用法:
Drink, lah! — 喝吧!(粤语:饮啦!)
Lah也可用来表示安慰的语气:
Dun worry, he can one lah. — 别担心,他能行的。
It's okay lah. — 没事了。
但Lah也用于不耐烦的,带反面色彩的答复,如:
Dun have, lah! — 没有!(粤语:冇啫!)
You n know one, lah! — 我看你根本不知道!(粤语:你唔知啫!)
What
低平调
用来表示提醒或反驳的语气,通常表示所在的句子为另外一个结论的条件。和英美英语中的what(什么)无关,没有任何疑问的含义:
But he very good at sports what, that's why can play soccer so well. — 他体育不错呀,所以球踢得这么好。
You never give me what! — 可是你没给我呀!(不然我不就收到了吗?)
Mah
高平调
用来表示一句话的内容很明显,和汉语“嘛”相似。过多使用会有不尊敬的含义:
But he very good at sports, that's why can play soccer mah! — 他体育不错,所以球踢得这么好嘛!
Lor
高平调
相当於汉语「罗」,用来强调表示某个事态,同时还带有“事当如此,不可改变”的口气:
If you don't do the work, then you die-die lor! — 你不做工作,那就死定罗!(口气略带调皮)
Leh
高平调
相当於闽南语「咧」,用于软化祈使句、疑问句中过硬的口气:
Give me leh! 给我啊!
How come you don't give me leh? — 你怎么不给我啊?(闽南语:为甚麼不爱与我咧?)
The tix are seriously ex leh. — 票实在很贵啊。
Hor
升调,鼻化
相当於闽南语「乎」,作提顿助词:
Then hor, another person came out of the house. — 然后呢,还有一个人也从房里出来了。
作语气助词,有向对方征求同意的含义:
This shopping center also very nice hor. — 这家购物中心也挺好的是吧。(闽南语:这间购物中心亦真好乎?)
Ar
升调
相当与闽南语「矣」,可作提顿助词,一般不能和有褒义的句子结合:
This boy ar, always so naughty one! — 这个男孩啊,老是这么调皮!
也可作语气助词,加重疑问句的语气:
How come like that one, ar? — 怎么这样啊?(闽南语:为甚麼安呢矣?)
Hah
升调
表示疑问或者怀疑:
Har! He really pon class yesterday ar? - 啊?昨天他真的翘课了啊?
Har? How come like that one? End up kena caning! - 啊?他怎么会这样,结果被鞭?
Meh
高平调
相当于粤语中的“咩”,近似于普通话中的“难道”,用来表示带惊讶语气的疑问:
They never study meh? — 难道他们不学习吗?(粤语:佢地唔学野咩?)
You don't like that meh? — 难道你不喜欢吗?(粤语:你唔钟意咩?)
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其他
Got即汉语的“有”,相当于英美英语中的两套短语:一套为have/has和(have/has) got,指拥有,另一套为there is/are,指存在。新加坡英语和汉语一样,不加区分:
Here got people or not? — 这儿有人吗?(英美:Are there people here?)
Got anything else? — 有别的吗?(英美:Is there anything else?)
Can即汉语的“行”、“可以”,并和汉语一样,可以单独成句。(英美英语中,can只能做助动词):
Go home lah, can? — 回家吧,行吗?
Can! — 行!
Cannot! — 不行!
Liddat (Like that)直译为“那样”,新加坡英语常常直接将其用于句尾,以加强描述的鲜明度:
He so stupid liddat. — 他真是挺笨的。
He acting like a little kid liddat. — 他表现得真像个小孩子。
Like that不一定当助词用,英美英语中like that意为“那样”,新加坡英语中也可以这么用:
Why he liddat? — 他怎么那样儿?
Simple liddat. — 就象那样(简单)。
英美英语中,“也”的意义用also表示时必须放在句中,用too时必须放在句末。新加坡英语中also(发成oso)可以放在句中或句末:
I oso like dis one. (英美:I also like this one.)
I like dis one oso. (英美:I like this one too.) — 我也喜欢这个。
间接问句中,英美英语把动词放在主语之后,有别于直接问句,而新加坡英语则把动词放在主语之前,和直接问句一致:
“Excuse me, do you know where is the shopping centre?”(对不起,请问你知道哪里是购物中心吗?)在英美英语中是“Excuse me, do you know where the shopping centre is?”
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