选修八英语第一单元语法

1. 人教版英语选修8第一单元课文原文

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CALIFORNIA
California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.

NATIVE AMERCANS
Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, the native people suffered greatly. Thousands were killed or forced into slavery. In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state.

THE SPANISH
In the 18th century California was ruled by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land. Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. In 1821, the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain. California then became part of Mexico. In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA. However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state. That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.

RUSSIANS
In the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling in California. Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco.

GOLD MINERS
In 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California. The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world. The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States. Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon followed. In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich. Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. They settled in the new towns or on farms. By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.

LATER A RRIVALS
Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive ring the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of
the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. Today, Chinese-Americans live in all parts of California, although a large percentage have chosen to stay in the "Chinatowns" of Los Angeles and San Francisco.
Other immigrants such as Italians, mainly fishermen but also wine makers, arrived in California in the late 19th century. In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps up their Danish culture. By the 1920s the film instry was well established in Hollywood, California. The instry boom attracted Europeans including many Jewish people. Today California has the second largest Jewish population in the United States.
Japanese farmers began arriving in California at the beginning of the 20th century, and since the 1980s a lot more have settled there. People from Africa have been living in California since the 1800s, when they moved north from Mexico. However, even more arrived between 1942 and 1945 to work in the ship and aircraft instries.

MOST RECENT ARRIVALS
In more recent decades, California has become home to more people from Asia, including Koreans, Cambodians, Vietnamese and Laotians. Since its beginning in the 1970s, the computer instry has attracted Indians and Pakistanis to California.

THE FUTURE
People from different parts of the world, attracted by the climate and the lifestyle, still immigrate to California. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.
美国加州
加州是美国第三大州，但人口最多。它也有被在美国最多元文化的国家的区别，有吸引了来自世界各地的人们。海关和移民的语言活在他们的新家园。这种文化的多样性是不奇怪当你知道美国加州的历史。

母语吴磊，阿拉伯
究竟当第一人抵达我们现在的加州所知，没有人真正知道。但是，很可能是在加利福尼亚州印第安人生活在至少1.5万年以前。科学家认为，这些定居者在越过白令海峡的北极通过大陆桥的存在意味着在史前时期到美国。在16世纪之后，欧洲人的到来，当地人民深受其害。数以千计的人死亡或奴役。此外，许多人死于由欧洲人带来的疾病。然而，一些幸存下来这些可怕的时代，今天有更多的印第安人居住在加州的比任何其他国家。

西班牙
在18世纪由西班牙统治加州。西班牙士兵首次抵达南美洲在16世纪初，当他们又打了当地人民对他们的土地了。两个世纪后，西班牙已经定居在南美洲的大部分地区和沿我们现在呼吁美国西北海岸。第一届西班牙语到加州，大部分是宗教的男子，其部是教天主教的本地人。 1821年，墨西哥人民从西班牙获得独立。加州则成为墨西哥的一部分。在1846年，美国宣布对墨西哥的战争，战争结束后由美国获胜，墨西哥不得不放弃到美国加利福尼亚州。但是，仍然有一个强大的国家西班牙的影响力。这就是为什么今天超过40％的加州发言作为第一或第二语言的西班牙语。

俄罗斯
在19世纪初，俄罗斯猎人，谁原本去阿拉斯加，开始在加利福尼亚州定居。今天，大约有2.5万俄罗斯和美国在旧金山附近居住。

淘金者
1848年，不久之后，美国与墨西哥战争，是在加利福尼亚州发现金矿。发展成为从世界各地吸引了人们快速致富的梦想。最近的，因此，第一个到达，是南美和美国人民。来自欧洲和亚洲然后冒险家紧随其后。事实上，很少有达到了他们的致富梦想。有些死亡或回家，但多数仍留在加州，尽管困难很大，使自己的生活。他们定居在新市镇或农场。由加州当选成为1850年的第三十一次的美国联邦州时，已经是一个多元文化的社会。

后来，一位RRIVALS
虽然中国移民开始在到达淘金时期，这是建设
从西到东的铁路网络沿岸，在19世纪60年代带来更大的编号，以加利福尼亚州。今天，中国的美国人居住在加州各地，虽然很大一部分选择了留在“唐人街”，洛杉矶和旧金山。
其他如意大利移民，主要是渔民，但也葡萄酒生产商，在加利福尼亚州来到了19世纪后期。 1911年从丹麦建立了一个移民城市自己，今天仍然保持了他们的丹麦文化。到1920年的电影业和好莱坞，加州成立。该行业的繁荣吸引了包括许多犹太人的欧洲人。今天，加利福尼亚州的美国第二大犹太居民。
日本农民开始在加利福尼亚州到达20世纪初，80年代以来，很多有在那里定居。来自非洲人民一直生活在加利福尼亚州自19世纪初，当他们从墨西哥北部。然而，更抵达1945年至1942年之间工作的船舶和飞机产业。

近来港的移民
在最近数十年来，加州有更多的人成为家来自亚洲，包括韩国，柬埔寨，越南和老挝。自20世纪70年代初，计算机行业吸引印度人和巴基斯坦人加州。

的未来
来自世界各地的人，受气候和生活方式所吸引，但移民到美国加州。可以相信，不久的民族组合将是如此之大，不会有明显的主要种族或文化团体，而是一个多种族和文化的交融。

2. 高中英语必修一到选修八每单元的语法

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3. 英语选修八的重点语法

否定、倒装、省略、强调

4. 高中英语课文选修八第一单元第一篇文章中的名词性从句有哪些

一， 主语从句

主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语，常用it作形式主语。引导主语从句的词：that， whether， who, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever, when, why, where, how等。

It suddenly occurred to him that he hadn’t finished his assignment.

It doesn’t matter whether you hand in your homework this week or next week.

五， 表语从句

引导表语从句的词有that， whether， who, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever, when, why, where, how，because等。

China is no longer what she used to be in the old society.

One reason for her preference for the city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.

六， 同位语从句

同位语从句常放在fact， news， doubt, problem, promise, idea等名词后面，常用引导词有that，who， whether， why， when, where等。

I made a promise to myself that this year , I will make a big difference to myself.

希望我能帮助你解疑释惑。

5. 牛津英语选修八第一单元Reading翻译

把课文拍照发上来，大家都可以翻译了

6. 高二英语选修8单词.前两单元;第一单元第一个是"极地的";第二单元第一个是"文艺复兴"

选修八Mole1

1.polaradj.极地的(SH8M1P1)

2.penguinn.企鹅(SH8M1P1)

3.explorern.探险者(SH8M1P1)

4.Antarctican.南极洲(SH8M1P2)

5.annualadj.每年的(SH8M1P2)

6.rainfalln.降水量；降雨量(SH8M1P2)

7.staten.状态；状况(SH8M1P2)

8.depthn.深度(SH8M1P2)

9.gravityn.重力，地心引力(SH8M1P2)

10.inhospitableadj.荒凉的，不适宜居住的(SH8M1P2)

11.extremeadj.极端的，极度的(SH8M1P2)

12.flowerv.开花(SH8M1P2)

13.mossn.藓；苔藓(SH8M1P2)

14.algaen.藻类（植物）(SH8M1P2)

15.lichenn.地衣(SH8M1P2)

16.adaptto（使）适应(SH8M1P2)

17.trapv.储存，留存(SH8M1P2)

18.meteoriten.陨石(SH8M1P2)

19.extraterrestrialadj.天外的，地球外的(SH8M1P2)

20.massn.块，堆，团(SH8M1P3)

21.balancev.使平衡(SH8M1P3)

22.explorationn.（对某地区的）勘查(SH8M1P3)

23.setfooton进入，到达(SH8M1P3)

24.rivalryn.（不断的）竞争(SH8M1P3)

25.treatyn.（国家或政府间的）条约，公约(SH8M1P3)

26.commercialadj.商业的(SH8M1P3)

27.nuclearadj.核的，核能的(SH8M1P3)

28.testn.试验(SH8M1P3)

29.radioactiveadj.（具有）放射性的(SH8M1P3)

30.promotev.促进，增进(SH8M1P3)

31.viaprep.经由，取道(SH8M1P7)

32.trapv.使陷入困境(SH8M1P7)

33.lifeboatn.救生船(SH8M1P7)

34.crewn.（全体）船员(SH8M1P7)

35.voyagen.（乘船的）旅行，航行(SH8M1P8)

36.driftv.漂流，漂泊(SH8M1P8)

37.ceremonialadj.正式的(SH8M1P11)

38.glaciern.冰川；冰河(SH8M1P11)

39.magneticadj.磁的，磁性的，磁场的(SH8M1P11)

40.glaren.刺眼的光(SH8M1P11)

41.intenseadj.强烈的(SH8M1P11)

42.sunglassesn.太阳镜；墨镜(SH8M1P11)

43.suncreamn.防晒霜(SH8M1P11)

44.severeadj.艰难的，艰巨的(SH8M1P11)

45.eyesightn.视力；目力(SH8M1P11)

46.sunburntadj.晒伤的(SH8M1P11)

47.minusprep.零下(SH8M1P11)

48.numbadj.麻木的；失去知觉的(SH8M1P11)

49.frostn.霜；霜冻(SH8M1P11)

50.clothingn.衣服；（尤指）某种服装(SH8M1P11)

51.portableadj.轻便的；便携的(SH8M1P11)

52.pureadj.干净的；不含有害物质的(SH8M1P11)

53.millimetren.毫米；千分之一米(SH8M1P11)

54.abnormaladj.不正常的，反常的(SH8M1P11)

55.sunrisen.日出(SH8M1P11)

56.sunsetn.日落(SH8M1P11)

57.absencen.缺乏；没有(SH8M1P11)

58.daylightn.日光；白天(SH8M1P11)

59.tiresomeadj.烦人的，令人讨厌的(SH8M1P11)

60.depressingadj.令人沮丧的；令人抑郁的(SH8M1P11)

61.isolatedadj.孤单的，孤立的(SH8M1P11)

62.aircraftn.飞机；飞行器(SH8M1P11)

63.platformn.平台(SH8M1P11)

64.powdern.粉；粉末(SH8M1P11)

65.minimumadj.最少量；最小数(SH8M1P11)

66.modestadj.不很昂贵的；适中的(SH8M1P11)

67.luxuryn.奢侈品(SH8M1P11)

68.cosyadj.温暖舒适的(SH8M1P11)

69.dormitoryn.宿舍；寝室(SH8M1P11)

70.canteenn.（工厂学校等的）食堂，餐厅(SH8M1P11)

71.stockv.储存，储备(SH8M1P11)

72.laundryn.待洗的衣物(SH8M1P11)

73.discouragev.阻止；打消……的念头(SH8M1P11)

74.incaseof如果；假使(SH8M1P11)

75.emergencyn.紧急情况；突发事情(SH8M1P11)

76.conventionaladj.常规的；普通的(SH8M1P11)

77.drilln.钻；钻机(SH8M1P11)

78.snapv.崩溃，支持不住(SH8M1P11)

79.trickyadj.困难的，棘手的(SH8M1P11)

80.fragileadj.脆弱的；易碎的(SH8M1P11)

81.batteryn.电池(SH8M1P11)

82.ecologyn.生态；生态学(SH8M1P11)

83.delicateadj.娇气的，纤弱的(SH8M1P11)

84.privilegen.荣幸(SH8M1P11)

85.tradern.商人；买卖人；经商者(SH8M1P13)

86.spicen.香料(SH8M1P13)

87.jeweln.宝石(SH8M1P13)

88.befriendv.对待……如朋友(SH8M1P13)

89.talen.传说；故事(SH8M1P13)

90.legendaryadj.传说中的(SH8M1P13)

91.reliabilityn.可靠性(SH8M1P13)

92.obscureadj.难理解的，晦涩的(SH8M1P13)

93.intimateadj.亲密的(SH8M1P13)

94.inhabitv.居住(SH8M1P13)

95.spaghettin.意大利面条(SH8M1P13)

96.insightn.洞察力，眼光(SH8M1P13)

97.inspirationn.鼓舞；启示；灵感(SH8M1P13)