1. 英语语法与句型
英语基本句型:
1.存在句
There be +名词短语+介词短语
There is a television tower in the centre of the city.
There be +名词短语+定语从句
There is a boy at the door who is holding a bunch of flowers.
There be +名词短语+非谓语动词短语
There were ten residents killed in the earthquake.
There are still a lot of problems to be settled.
There is a woman waiting for you in the office.
2.祈使句
Don’t laugh at him.
Never be late for school.
Let’s hold a party tonight.
3.强调句
It is +人+who/that+其他
It’s my sister who bought me this nice shirt.
It was my sister that you met yesterday.
It is +时间/地点/原因/方式+that+其他
It was because of overwork that she got ill.
4.主系表句(主+系动词+表语)
He remained weak.
Silk feels smooth.
She is a talented musician as well as a photographer.
5.主谓宾句
词组宾语
Everybody longs for success and happiness.
宾语从句
I wonder whether you can spare me a few minutes.
不定式宾语
The students pretended to be reading when the teacher came in.
6.主谓宾补句
形容词补语
You shouldn’t have kicked the door open.
Don’t you think it wrong to cheat in exams? (it 为形式宾语,不定式为真正的宾语)
名词补语
Jack has made Jane an excellent wife.
分词补语
I heard him singing when I passed by his study.
7.方式状语从句
I have changed it as you suggested.
8.结果状语从句
He was so careless that he made many spelling mistakes in his writing.
It is such a popular song that everybody can sing it.
9.目的状语从句
I have been saving money so that I can have a house of my own.
They talked in a low voice in order that they might not disturb us.
He hid in the grass for fear that he might be found.
Better take more clothes in case the weather (should常省略) get cold.
10.比较句
He lives farther from school than I do.
He is as energetic as a young man.
I made as many mistakes as she did.
The more time you spend on English, the better you will learn it.
His house is twice as big as mine.
I prefer coffee to tea.
11.It形式主语句
It difficult for a beginner to read such scientific materials.
It is no use /no good/fun quarrelling with such people.
It is high time that+从句(谓语动词用过去式表示虚拟)(表示该……的时候了。)
It is high time that we began our job application.
12.主句+as if/as though+虚拟语气
He talked as if he ha
2. 关于英语的语法句式【较简单】
Thank you for the love you are giving me. 是正确的,
1. thank sb for sth,为某物/某事感谢某人
本句句意:感谢你(现在)给我的爱。
也可以用 thank sb for doing sth 的结构,即:
Thank you for giving me your love. 感谢你给我你的爱,不过原句更多突出了正在进行的状态。
2. 定语从句
本句主干为Thank you for the love.
后面的 "you are giving me" 是定语从句修饰love,省略了关系代词that
实际是Thank you for the love that you are giving me. 因为that在从句中作宾语所以可省。
【Thanks for you give me the love.】这个句子的问题是 thanks for 后面要求的是一个宾语,可作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,名词化的形容词,不定式或动词ing形式,以及名词性从句,而"you give me the love"是一个独立完整的句子,是不可以做宾语的。
另外用thanks不是不可以,但是要注意比较随意,没有thank you正式。
listen and number the questions you hear. 是祈使句,所以listen和number都是动词原形,
the questions是宾语,
you hear 也是省略了关系代词的定语从句,修饰the questions,加上关系代词就是:
Listen and number the question that you hear.
因为that在从句里作宾语,所以可省。
3. 关于英语的语法句式【较简单】
1.
Thank you for the love you are giving me.这是正确的吧,那用了关于什么什么的语法知识----------thank you for sth(the love)--为某事而答谢感谢内你。后面youare giving me用来修饰the love.这个爱容是你给予我的。全句翻译:感谢你给我的爱。
【Thanks for you give me the love.】---错误。thank表示感谢有2种形式:thank you for sth & thanks for your sth.---所以你的句子可以改为 thanks for your giving me the love。 giving 在这是动名词(名词性)
2.
listen and number the questions you hear.--------其实这里是个祈使句引导的宾语从句。动词原形在句首,一般视为祈使句。you hear 其实前面省略了that 引导,但是that在这作hear的宾语所以即可省略不写。
希望能帮助你-----------------------
4. 请问英语里的句型与语法有什么区别
语法是研究按确定用法来运用词类、词的屈折变化或表示相互关系的其他手段以及词在句中的功能和关系.
句型指句子的结构类型。换言之就是根据构成句子的语词的不同类别、序列、搭配方式等形成的常见的句子类型。句型可以分为两大范畴:
A. 按语法要求构成的类型:
1. 英语中有六种主体结构类型:
1)主语 + 不及物动词 + 附加成分 (简称主谓句)
2)主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 附加成分 (简称主谓宾句)
3)主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 + 附加成分 (简称主谓双宾句)
4) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 + 附加成分 (简称主谓复合宾语句)
5)主语 + 系动词 + 表语 + 附加成分 (简称主系表句)
6)There be + 主语 + 附加成分 (简称存在句)
注:
1)六大类型还可以根据不同的词类、词性化出不同的分句型,如:
* 主谓双宾语:
主谓 + 间宾 + 直宾;
主谓 直宾 + 介词to/for/from + 间宾
* 主谓复宾:
主谓 + 间宾 + 名词
主谓 + 间宾 + 副词
主谓 + 间宾 + 形容词
主谓 + 间宾 + 分词
主谓 + 间宾 + 不定式
主谓 + 间宾 + 介词短语
2)附加成分根据需要可有可无,通常指的是各种状语、非限制性定语、同位语等,其位置灵活,可以出现在句首、句中或句尾。
1. 其他多种结构类型,这类举行举不胜举,需要日积月累,如:
* as soon as ... 一...就...
* hardly ... before/when 刚一...就...
* It is high time that + 虚拟语气:早就该做某事了(但是没有做)
* 形式主语:it is ...+ 主语(不定式、动名词或主语从句)
* 强调句:it is + 被强调部分 + that + 其余部分
A. 按根据英语习惯形成类型,这类句型常常不能完全用语法来衡量,需要特殊记忆:如:
* can't ... too much to do sth. 无论怎样...也不过分
* too ... to do sth. 太如何以至于不能做某事
* can't help/stand/bear doing sth. 禁不住/忍不住/受不了做某事。
总而言之,语法是基础,句型是模版,几乎所有的模版都来源于语法,只要把语法学深学透,即使个别来源于语言实践但不符合语法的句型,多数问题都可以迎刃而解。
5. 英语:句式和语法结构的区别是什么
句式:句子的结构表达式。如:there + be (is are was were ,will be hsa been ,.. ) + 名词
+地点。 这个句型表示:某处有(即存在)某物。这内叫做句式。容句式很多,又如:主语 + be + too + adj. + to + 动词原形 (不定式)+ 不定式的宾语 + 其它(时间,地点,方式等等状语) 。 这个句型表示:主语太。。。。了以至于主语不能够作某事。
语法就包含的内容很多。如。词法: 名词(名词的功能作主语,宾语或(介词宾语)),定语,表语,宾语补足语,)
动词:时态(共有16) ,语态(主动和被动),语气(陈述语气,疑问语气,感叹, 强调,虚拟。。。等等)。
形容词:作定语,比较级,最高级,复合形容词的构造规则,。。。。
副词:。。。
时态,人称,数的关系,等等
句法:简单句,复合句,各种从句。
句式严格说不属于语法。
句式是学习单词的另一种形式,----不过不是单独第记忆某个单词而已,而是记住某种习惯句型的表达法。
6. 英语里所有的句型和语法,句式。
时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容,广大初中学生在实际运用时,往往对时态总是倍感棘手,下面我们就归纳复习一下这几种时态。
一、一般现在时:
概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语:
always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
二、一般过去时:
概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。
三、现在进行时:
概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.
基本结构:am/is/are+doing
否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
四、过去进行时:
概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
基本结构:was/were+doing
否定形式:was/were + not + doing.
一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。
五、现在完成时:
概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
基本结构:have/has + done
否定形式:have/has + not +d one.
一般疑问句:have或has。
六、过去完成时:
概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
基本结构:had + done.
否定形式:had + not + done.
一般疑问句:had放于句首。
七、一般将来时:
概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
基本结构:①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.
否定形式:①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。
八、过去将来时:
概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
基本结构:①was/were/going to + do;②would/should + do.
否定形式:①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do.
一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②would/should 提到句首。
Ⅱ. 几种常见时态的相互转换
英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换,以下是几种常见的转换形式:
一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换
在现在完成时中,延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用,瞬间动词却不能。但是,可用别的表达方式:①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中;②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间连用;③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中,表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思,主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看:
A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换
在一般现在时中,at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”,如at work(在工作), at school(上学、上课)等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看:
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换
在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来,妈妈!”请看:
The train is leaving soon.
The train will leave soon.
四、“be going to+动词原形”与“will(shall)+动词原形”结构的转换
“be going to+动词原形”、表示打算、计划要做的事;将来时“will(shall)+动词原形”结构在书面语中,当主语为第一人称时,常用助动词shall。在口语中,所有人称都可以用will。请看:
We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
Ⅲ. 中考动词时态考点分析
一、 根据时间状语确定时态的原则
1. Hurry up! The play for ten minutes. (2002辽宁)
A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began
[析] 1. C。since后接时间的起点,for后接时间段,主句动词用现在完成时,应注意瞬间动词与延续性动词的使用。
二、 在复合句根据时态呼应确定时态的原则
2. Do you know if back next week? If he back, please let me know. (2002黑龙江 )
A. he comes; will come B. will he come; comes
C. he will come; comes D. will he come; will come
[析] 2. C。if既可引导宾语从句,也可引导状语从句。充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether,词义是“是否”。充当状语从句的连接词时,词义是“如果”。从时态看,if引导宾语从句时谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化;引导表示将来动作或状态的条件句时,若主句用一般将来时,则从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。
三、 根据上下文已有时态信息点确定时态的原则
3. –When this kind of computer ?
--Last year. (2002天津)
A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used
[析] 3. B。此例由下句的时间状语推断出一般过去时态,并且要考虑到被动语态。
四、 利用上下文语意确定时态的原则
4. –Hi! Lin Tao. I didn’t see you at the party.
--Oh, I ready for the maths exam. (2002江西)
A. am getting B. was getting C. got D. have got
[析] 4. B。此例由didn’t, at the party推断出应用过去进行时。
五、 时态中的“特殊”对策的原则
5. The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 Christmas Day. (2002辽宁)
A. is B. was C. has been D. will be
[析] 5. A。 有些动词其动词的时态是“违背常理”的。如宾语从句表示的是一个客观事实或客观真理时,其时态不受主句限制而用一般现在时表示。
The formations of the passive voices of different tenses(A):
7. 怎样学英语的语法和句型
最重要是大声朗读英语词组。根据相关单词来进行词组的记忆,这样学习更方便。(我是英语课代表)
8. 英语的语法和句型有区别吗为什么
stop
to
do停止,中断做某事后去做另一件事。
stop
doing停止做某事。
停下来去做另一件事"。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止,所以stop
doing
sth.不正确。
句型也是种语法
包含在语法当中
9. 英语语法句式
where引导一个定语从句you throw away your vehicle once you've reached your destination。先行词是form of transportation。用where是因为这个词在后面的从句中做地点状语用,它版引导的整个句子(一直到句末)作权为form of transportation的定语,说明火箭作为一种运输形式的某一个特点,就是一到达目的地就扔掉了。全句的意思是:火箭是一种你一到达目的地就扔掉的运输形式。其中“你一到达目的地就扔掉的”就是定语从句。
10. 英语语法的句式
英语基本句式小结
英语中的句式有很多种,从英语的句子结构上说,总体可以归纳为五个基本句式。一般地说,某些动词用在某一特定句式中。那么,哪些动词常用于哪些句式,我们把这些句型和常用的动词进行归类,每一大类都分出详细的条目,同学们可以在理解记忆各大类的基础上记忆相关动词,并继续归纳总结。
1.S(主)+ Vi(不及物动词)(谓)
1)S + V + adverbial(状语)
Birds sing beautifully.
2)S + Vi+ prep Phrase(介词短语)
He went on holiday.
3)S + Vi+ Infinitive (不定式)
We stopped to have a rest.
4)S + Vi+ Participle (分词)
I’ll go swimming
2. S (主)+ Vt (及物动词)(谓)+ O(宾)
1) S + VT + N/Pron
I like music.
2) S + VT + infinitive(不定式)
I want to help him.
常用于这句型的动词有:attempt,dare,decide,desire,expect,hope,learn,need,offer,refuse,want,wish等。
3) S + VT + Wh-Word + Infinitive
I don’t know what to do.
常用于这句型的动词有:ask,consider,decide,discover,explain,find
out,forget,guess,know,learn,observe,remember,see,settle,tell,think,understand,wonder等。
4) S + VT + Gerund
I enjoy living here.
常用于这句型的动词有:admit,advise,avoid,consider,defend,enjoy,excuse,finish,mind,miss,practise,risk,suggest,give
up,can't help等。
5) S + VT + That-clause
I don’t think (that) he is right.
常用于这句型的动词有:Admit,believe,declare,demand,deny,doubt,expect,explain,feel(觉得),hear(听说),hope,imagine,intend,know,mean,mind(当心),notice,request,report,say,see(看出),show,suggest,suppose,think,understand,wish,wonder(觉得奇怪)。
3. S (主)+ V(谓)(lv)( 系动词)+ P(表)
1)S + Lv + N/Pron(名词/代词)
He is a boy.
2)S + Lv + Adj(形容词)
She is beautiful.
3)S + Lv + Adv (副词)
Class is over.
4)S + Lv + Prep Phrase
He is in good health.
5)S + Lv + Participle(分词)
The film is interesting.
除了be 系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词:
表感官的动词,feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem
等。表转变变化的动词,become,get,grow,turn,go,等。表延续的动词
remain,keep,seem,hold,stay,rest等。表瞬时的动词
come,fall,set,cut,occur等。其他动词
eat,lie,prove,ring,run,shine,sit,stand,continue,hang等。
英语的基本句型主要有五种,它们是:
1、主语———动词———表语
2、主语———动词
3、主语———动词———宾语
4、主语———动词———宾语———宾语
5、主语———动词———宾语———补语
掌握好这些基本句型,就可以为灵活运用语言打下良好的基础。下面分别讲解这五种句型。
一、主语---动词----表语
在这一句型中,动词是系动词,划线部分为表语。
1.Mr.Brown is an engineer.(名词做表语)
2.Graaly he became silent.(形容词做表语)
3.She remained standing for a hour.(现在分词做表语)
4.The question remained unsolved.(过去分词做表语)
5.The machine is out of order.(介词短语做表语)
6.The television was on.(副词做表语)
7.His plan is to keep the affair secret.(动词不定式做表语)
8.My job is repairing cars.(动名词做表语)
9.The question is what you want to do.(从句做表语,即:表语从句)
注意:在下面的句子中,形容词做表语,在表语的后面常常接不定式结构。
I'm happy to meet you.
They are willing to help.
We are determined to follow his example.
二、主语———动词
在这一句型中,动词为不及物动词及不及物的动词词组。在有的句子中,不及物动词可以有状语修饰。
1.The sun is rising.
2.I'll try.
3.Did you sleep well?(well做状语,修饰不及物动词sleep)
4.The engine broke down.
注意:在此句型中,有少数不及物动词表达被动含义,表达主语本身所具有的特性,不用被动语态。
1.The book sells wel.
2.The window won't shut.
3.The pen writes smoothly.
4.Cheese cuts easily.
三、主语———动词———宾语
在此句型中,动词为及物动词,划线部分为宾语。
1.Do you know these people(them)?(名词或代词做宾语)
2.I can't express myself in English.(反身代词做宾语)
3.He smiled a strange smile.(同源宾语)
4.We can't afford to pay such a price.(不定式做宾语)
5.Would you mind waiting a few minutes?(动名词做宾语)
6.I hope that I have said nothing to pain you.(从句做宾语,即:宾语从句)
注意:并不是所有的及物动词都可以接上述各种情况做宾语,不同的动词有不同的用法,所以,在学习动词时,一定要掌握其用法。
四、主语———动词———宾语———宾语
在此句型中,动词可以称作双宾语动词,在英语中,这样的动词并不多,在学习遇时,要牢记。后面的宾语为间接宾语和直接宾语,其中间接宾语在前,一般表人,直接宾语在后,一般表物。这类句型有三种情况。
第一种情况,间接宾语可以改为to引导的短语。
1.He handed me a letter.
He handed a letter to me.
2.She gave me her telephone number.
She gave her telephone number to me.
第二种情况,间接宾语可以改为for引导的短语。
3.She sang us a folk song.
She sang a folk for us.
4.She cooked us a delicious meal.
She cooked a delicious meal for us.
第三种情况,直接宾语可以由宾语从句充当。
5.Tell him I'm out.
6.Can you inform me where Miss Green lives?
五、主语———动词———宾语———宾语补足语
在此句型中的动词,叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词,在英语中,这样的动词也不多。后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的,宾语和宾语补足语一起被称做复合宾语。这个句式是英语中比较复杂的一个句式,因为复合宾语的构成内容较多。下面句子中划线部分为宾语补足语。
1.He found his new job boring.(形容词做宾补)
2.The called their daughter Mary.(名词做宾补)
3.This placed her in a very difficult position.(介词短语做宾补)
4.We went to here house but found her out.(副词做宾补)
5.What do you advise me to do?(不定式做宾补)
6.We thought him to be an honest man.(tobe做宾补)
7.He believed them to have discussed the problem.(不定式的完成式做宾补)
8.He believed her to be telling the truth.(不定式的进行式做宾补)
9.Did you notice him come in?(不带to的不定式做宾补)
10.I saw her chatting with Nancy.(现在分词做宾补)
11.He watched the piano carried upstairs.(过去分词做宾补)
注意:在这个结构中,可以出现用it做形式上的宾语,把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面。在此结构中,宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句。
1.He felt it his ty to mention this to her.
分析:it是形式宾语,histy是宾语补足语,to mention this to her是真正的宾语。
2.I think it best that you should stay with us.
分析:it是形式宾语,best是宾语补足语,that you should stay with us是真正的宾语。
注意:
1.习惯用语的使用
在英语中,有很多动词习惯用语,在学习的过程中,要注意它们的使用,不必分析单独每个词的使用。
例:
We are short of money.(be short of中short做表语)
She is always making trouble for her friends.(trouble做make的宾语)
He has carried out our instructions to the letter.(our instructions做词组carry out的宾语)
We are waiting for the rain to stop.(wait for后面的the rain是宾语,to stop是宾语补足语)
2.在英语中,大多数动词既可以做及物动词又可以做不及物动词,而且还会有一些固定词组,因此一个动词可以用于几种句型。
例:ask
①Did you ask the price?(直接接名词做宾语)
②She asked them their names.(接双宾语)
③I asked James to buy some bread.(接宾语加不定式做宾语补足语)
④I asked to speak to Fred.(接不定式做宾语)
⑤Didn't you ask him in?(在此句中和副词in连用)
⑥He has asked for an interview with the President.(组成固定词组ask for)
3.There be句型是一种特殊的句子,真正的主语在后面,含义为“有…”
①谓语动词和主语保持一致:There is a television in the sitting room.
②有两个或更多的主语时,动词一般和最近的一个保持一致:There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall.
③主语的后面有时有修饰语:There are a lot of difficulties facing us.There were many things to be done(此处也可以使用to do).
④谓语动词be可以有时态的变化:There will be a concert in the park tonight.There was little change in him.
⑤谓语也可以有不定式构成的复合谓语。
There used to be a cinema here.
There seems to be something the matter with her.
Is there going to be any activity tonight?
⑥there be句式变疑问句,把be提前;变翻译疑问句也要借助there。
Is there any hope of getting the job?
There is nothing wrong with your watch,is there?
⑦there be句型中也可以使用诸如:live,follow,come,stand,sit,exist等不及物动词:
Once upon a time,there lived a fisherman on the island.
There came a knock at the door.
At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.
⑧用于非谓语的情况下,有时用不定式的复合结构there to be或动名词的复合结构和独立主格结构there being:
You wouldn't want there to be another war.(不定式的复合结构)
The teacher was satisfied with there being no mistakes in his homework.(动名词的复合结构)
There being nothing else to do,we went home.(独立主格结构)