『壹』 高考英语虚拟语气语法总结
虚拟语气,对过去虚拟,从句用过去完成时
虚拟语气是一种动词形式,表示说话人的一种愿望,假设,怀疑,猜测, 建议等含义,虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。
If I were you, I'd take them away.
如果我是你的话,我就会带走他们。
If I had met Li Hua, I could had told him.
如果我碰见了李华,我就告诉了他了。
If I had time. I could come to help you.
如果我有时间,我会来帮助你的。
He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups.
他建议说我们的班应该分成五个小组。
He speaks to us as if he had been there.
他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。
虚拟语气的用法
1) 虚拟语气用在简单句中,表示祝愿,命令。
May you be happy.
祝你幸福。
May you have a good time.
祝愿你玩的痛快。
May the friendship between us last long.
祝愿我们的友情天长地久。
Have a good journey!
祝愿你旅途愉快!
You go out!
你出去!
2) 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中。动词 wish, suggest,order,insist, propose,等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气, 宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望,要求。
I wish she would be on my side.
我希望她能站在我一边。
I wish I could help him.
我希望我能帮助他。
He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.
他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。
动词 demand, suggest, order, insist, propose 后面的从句中,"should" 可以省略。
The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.
老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。
He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.
他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。
3) 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。
在句型 "It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... " 中,that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用: should + 动词原形
It's necessary that we should have a walk now.
我们有必要出去散散步。
It's natural that she should do so.
她这样做是很自然的。
It's important that we should take good care of the patient.
重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
4) 虚拟语气用在状语从句中。
虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的主句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时,动词有三种时态形式,即现在,过去和将来。
与现在事实相反的:
条件从句 结果从句
If I (we,you,he,they)+ 动词过去式.. if I (he,she) were... I (we) should + 动词原形。 He (you,they) would + 动词原形。
与过去事实相反的:
条件从句 结果从句
If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 过去分词 I(we)should + have+ 过去分词。He (you,they) would + have + 过去分词。
If I were you, I should buy it.
如果我是你,我就买了它。
If I had time, I would study French.
如果我有时间,我会学习法语的。
If she knew English,she would not ask me for help.
如果她懂英语的话,她不会找我帮忙的。
If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.
如果你早一点起床,就会赶上火车的。
If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping.
如果明天天气好,我就去买东西。
有关虚拟语气的几个问题:
1) 有时if引导的状语从句可以省略 if,而把从句中的动词 were, had 或 should 移到主语前面。
Were she younger, she would do it .
如果她年青点, 她就会干的。
Had he known her address, he would had gone to visite her.
如果他知道她的地址,他会去看她的。
2) 有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略,而只剩下一个主句或者一个条件从句。
I could help you.
我本来可以帮助你。
If I had time.
我要有时间该多好啊。
She should have come to the party.
她应该来参加聚会。
If he had much more money.
如果他有更多的钱就能...。
3) 虚拟语气中,条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致。
If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.
如果他们以前努力学习的话,现在干的就会容易些。
If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this.
如果他不听取我的建议,他就不会干得这样好。
『贰』 英语虚拟语气语法讲解越详细越好
虚拟语气
一. 概念:用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。
二.真实条件句用陈述语气
1.真实条件句表示的假想是真实的或有可能性
2.句型:条件从句(一般现在时)+主句(shall/will+动词原形)
3.注意:当表示真理时,主句谓语动词不用shall/will+动词原形,而直接用一般现在时
三.虚拟语气用于非真实条件句中
1.表示同现在事实相反的假想,可以表示现在,过去或将来的情况
2.表示同过去事实相反的假想
句型:条件从句(过去完成时had done)+主句(should/would have+过去分词)
3.表示对将来的假想
句型:①条件从句为一般过去式;主句为should+动词原形
②条件从句为were+动词原形;主句为would
③条件从句为should+动词原形; 主句为would
4.表示错综复杂的条件
有时,主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,一个发生在过去,一个发生在现在。
5.虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should, 或had时, 可省略if,再把were, should或had 移到从句的句首,实行倒装。
6.特殊的虚拟语气词should
1)在主语从句中的应用
It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…等结构的主语从句,谓语动词用should 加动词原形,should 可省略。
It is 可用的词有三类 that (should)do
suggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted等
important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange等
a pity, a shame, no wonder等
2)在宾语从句中的应用
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中,像order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do等。例如:
I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 我建议下周召开个会议。
He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.他要求被派到那儿去。
注意:如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时",即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时,宾语从句用陈述语气。
3)在表语从句,同位语从句中的应用
suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。
wish的用法
1)wish后面的从句,表示与事实相反的情况,或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为:
主句 从句
从句动作先于主句动词动作(be的过去式为 were) 现在时 过去时
从句动作与主句动作同时发生(had + 过去分词) 过去时 过去完成时
将来不大可能实现的愿望 将来时 would/could +动词原形
8. 比较if only与only if
only if表示"只有";if only则表示"如果……就好了"。If only也可用于陈述语气。
9.It is (high) time that
It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形,但should不可省略。
10.need "不必做"和"本不必做"
didn't need to do表示过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。
needn't have done表示过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。
相关练习题
1.(B)The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A. will rain
B. rains
C. rained
D. is rained
考点:真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。
注意:
1)在真实条件句中,主句不能用be going to表示将来,该用shall, will.
(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2)表示真理时,主句谓语动词不用shall (will) +动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式
1.(C)_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I
B. I were
C. Were I
D. Was I
考点:在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do, 而不能说 Weren't I to do。
2.(D)There was plenty of time. She ___.
A. mustn't have hurried
B. couldn't have hurried
C. must not hurry
D. needn't have hurried
考点:needn't have done. 意为"本不必",即已经做了某事,而时实际上不必要。
Mustn't have done 用法不正确,对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn't have done, "不可能已经"。 must not do 不可以(用于一般现在时)。
『叁』 英语中的虚拟语气语法
虚拟语气
一、考点聚焦
1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中
(1)表示与现在事实相反的假设,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be动词的过去式用were)”,而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。如:
If I were a boy, I would join the army.
If the had time, she should go with you.
(2)表示与过去的事实相反,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时,主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。如:
If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.
(3)表示与将来事实相反,条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形,而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/
could might + 动词原形。如;
If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.
(4)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如:
If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在)
以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时,主句和从句谓语动词的形式:
条件状语从句 主 句
与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词
与现在事实相反 一般过去时(be用were) would/should/could/might + 动词原形
与将来事实相反 一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形 Would/should/cold/might + 动词原形
有时侯在使用时可省略if,句子则可换成下列形式,即“were / had / should +主语”。如:
Were I a boy, I would join the army.
Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.
Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.
2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句
(1)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。
①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望,译为“要是……就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时;表示将来不能实现的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”;表示过去不能实现的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。如:
I wish it were spring all the year round.
I wish I had known the answer.
I wish I could fly like a bird.
②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用should + 动词原形或是动词原形。如:
She suggested we (should)leave here at once.
The doctor ordered she should be operated.
(2)虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。
作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句,从句中的谓语动词用“(should) + 动词原形”。如:
His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.
My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars.
(3)虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。
在主语从句中,谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”的结构,表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如:
It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day.
It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.
It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.
注意:这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感,就可用虚拟语气。反之,如果不表示惊奇等情感,that从句也可用陈述句语气。如:
It is pity that you can’t swim.
3、虚拟语气在其他场合的运用
(1)虚拟语气在as if/as though、even if/even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中,如果从句表示的动作发生在过去,用过去完成时;指现在状况,则用一般过去时;指将来状况则用过去将来时。如:
He did it as if he were an expert.
Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.
(2)虚拟语气用于定语从句中。
这种从句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that) … ”中,定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或should + 动词原形,意思是“(现在)该……”。如:
It’s time that I picked up my daughter.
It’s high time we were going.
(3)虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中。如:
If only I were a bird.
If only I had taken his advice.
(4)虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。
①情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉,常出现在日常会话中。如:
It would be better for you not to stay up too late.
Would you be kind enough to close the door?
②用于一些习惯表达法中。如:
Would you like a cup of tea?
I would rather not tell you.
『肆』 英语语法虚拟语气
虚拟语气应该是必修3第一、二单元的知识点。
常规下虚拟语气的考查点分两个:
一是名词性从句中should do结构,should可以省略。在名词性从句中,如果出现表示“命令,建议,请求、计划”的词,不管它用于什么名词性从句,都要求使用虚拟语气。如:
He suggested that we (should) finish the task on time.这是宾语从句,suggest是“建议”的意思。又如这词用于表语从句:
His suggestion was that we (should) finish the task on time.
在这种从句中,要注意一点就是:如果从句的主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系,那么就要用(should) be done结构,就和情态动词的被动形式一样。如:
He ordered that the task (should) be finished on time.
二是条件状语从句中的虚拟语气。从句和主句的谓语动词有严格规定,如下:
从句, 主句
和现在相反: did/ were would/could/ should/ might do
和过去相反: had done would/could/ should/ might have doe
和将来相反: did/ were to do/ should do would/could/ should/ might do
如:如果当时你没帮助我们,我们不可能完成这工程。
If you had not helped us then, we couldn't have completed the project.(与过去相反)。
如果我是你的话,我会用另一种方法。
If i were you, I would use another way to do it.(与现在相反),这句中,要注意到我用的是were.尽管主语是单数,虚拟语气中的一般过去式,不能用was.
这些是基本规则,当然还有很多其他的。如:
I wish that....这个结构是个名词性从句中的宾语从句,但是它使用的虚拟语气不与我上面讲到的相同。这个句型中,宾语从句的时态要往过去推前一步。即:如果与现在相反,用一般过去时,如果和过去相反,用过去完成时,如果与将来相反,用过去将来时。
如:I wish that i were a bird.与现在相反
I wish that i hadn't wasted a lot of time before.与过去相反。
『伍』 英语语法:虚拟语气
这个sent跟虚拟语气没有什么关系
get that form sent off
这个sent是根据get来的
get something done
done就是指过去分词 表示把是事情做了
『陆』 英语虚拟语气具体语法。谢谢
虚拟语气应该是强制性的知识点三个第一和第二单元。
下的虚拟语气两个常规测试点:
一,名词性从句应该做的结构,应该被忽略。在名词性从句,如果存在“命令,建议,要求,计划”字,无论什么名词性从句时,需要使用虚拟语气的。如:
他建议我们(应)完成任务的时间是宾语从句,提出了“建议”的意思。另一个例子是在表语从句中使用的词:。
他的建议是,我们(应)完成任务的时间
在本节中,关键是要注意:如果句主语和被动动词之间的关系,那么他们会使用(应该)做结构,就像同样的情态动词的被动形式。如:
他下令任务(应该)按时完成
在虚拟语气第二个条件状语从句。子句和主句的动词有严格的要求,具体如下:
子句,则主句
而现在正好相反:没有/被会/可以/应该/可以做
和过去的相反的:做了会/可以/应该/可能有母鹿
和未来的相反:没有/是做/应该做会/可以/应该/可以做
例如:如果当时你不帮我们,我们不能完成它的工作原理。
如果你没有帮我们的话,我们就不能完成该项目。 (相对于过去)。
如果我是你,我会用另一种方法。
如果我是你,我会用另一种方式来做到这一点。 (现在的对面),短语,要注意,我用的是。尽管受试者是单数,一般假设语气过去时,不能使用了。
这些是基本的规则,当然,还有很多其他的。如:
我希望....这种结构是宾语从句在名词性从句,但它使用上述相同的虚拟语气是不是和我在一起。这句话,时态的宾语从句走了一步过去。即:如果相反,与过去时,如果和过去相反,在过去使用时已完成,如果违反了现在和将来与过去的未来。
这样的:我希望我是一只鸟,现在相反
我希望我之前和过去相反..
要将所有没有浪费了很多时间关于具体的,比较难,我建议你看看下面的语法书系统的通话效果会更好。
『柒』 谁有最全的英语虚拟语气的语法
同学,你好!以下讲解供你参考:
虚拟语气是一种动词形式,表示说话人的一种愿望,假设,怀疑,猜测,建议等含义,虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。
If I were you, I'd take them away. 如果我是你的话,我就会带走他们。
If I had met Li Hua, I could had told him. 如果我碰见了李华,我就告诉他了。
If I had time, I could come to help you. 如果我有时间,我会来帮助你的。
He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups. 他建议说我们的班应该分成五个小组。
He speaks to us as if he had been there. 他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。
虚拟语气的形式
虚拟(条件)语气中,主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面四类
假设类型 条件从句谓语
动词形式 主语谓语
动词形式
与现在事实相反 动词的过去式(be用were而不用was) would(第一人称可用should)
+动词原形
与过去事实相反 had+ -ed分词 would(第一人称可用should)
+have + -ed分词
与将来事实相反 were to + 动词原形 would(第一人称可用should)
+动词原形
与将来事实可能相反 should + 动词原形 would(第一人称可用should)
+动词原形
虚拟语气的用法
1) 虚拟语气用在简单句中,表示祝愿,命令。
May you be happy. 祝你幸福。
May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。
May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。
Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快!
You go out! 你出去!
2) 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中。
动词 wish, suggest, order, insist, propose,等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气,宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望、要求。
I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一边。
I wish I could help him. 我希望我能帮助他。
He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。
动词 demand, suggest, order, insist, propose 后面的从句中,"should" 可以省略。
The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。 He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。
3) 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。
在句型 "It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... " 中,that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用: should + 动词原形 It's necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。 It's natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。 It's important that we should take good care of
the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
4) 虚拟语气用在状语从句中。 虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的从句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时,动词有三种时态形式,即现在、过去和将来。
A.与现在事实相反的: If I (we, you, he, they)+ 动词过去式.. if I (he, she) were... I (we) should + 动词原形。 He (you, they) would + 动词原形。
B.与过去事实相反的: If I(we, you ,he, they)+ had + 过去分词 I(we)should + have+ 过去分词。
He (you, they) would + have + 过去分词。
If I were you, I should buy it. 如果我是你,我就买了它。
If I had time, I would study French. 如果我有时间,我会学习法语的。
If she knew English, she would not ask me for help. 如果她懂英语的话,她不会找我帮忙的。
If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果你早一点起床,就会赶上火车的。
If it were fine tomorrow, I would go shopping. 如果明天天气好,我就去买东西。
***有关虚拟语气的几个问题***
1) 有时if引导的状语从句可以省略if,而把从句中的动词 were, had 或 should 移到主语前面。
Were she younger, she would do it . 如果她年青点, 她就会干的。
Had he known her address, he would had gone to visit her. 如果他知道她的地址,他会去看她的。
2) 有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略,而只剩下一个主句或者一个条件从句。
I could help you. 我本来可以帮助你。
If I had time. 我要有时间该多好啊!
She should have come to the party. 她应该来参加聚会。
If he had much more money. 如果他有更多的钱就能...。
3) 虚拟语气中,条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致。
If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话,现在干的就会容易些。 If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议,他就
会干得这样好。
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