① 英语的语法知识,如什么是状语等等
句子成分;简单句、并列句和复合句
一、句子成分
(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。一句话语法: 主语由名词性的词来充当. 例如:
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)
We often speak English in class.(代词)
One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)
Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)
The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)
It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)
(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。一句话语法: 谓语由动词充当. 有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么乱用be动词,要么句子没有谓语动词. 谓语的构成如下:
1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。注意:这里面的动词原形非常重要. 如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students.
(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。一句话语法: 表语使用形容词,不用副词! 例如:
Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)
Is it yours?(代词)
The weather has turned cold.(形容词)
The speech is exciting.(分词)
Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)
His job is to teach English.(不定式)
His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)
The machine must be out of order.(介词短语)
Time is up. The class is over.(副词)注意: 副词可以做表语的只有几个,非常简单,考试不考,所以上面说:表语使用形容词,不用副词! 我们所复习的语法直接针对高考,不是搞语法研究,这点请大家一定要记住.
The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)
(五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。一句话语法:宾语由名词性的词充当,宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构,这点非常重要,务必要牢记.例如:
They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代词)
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)
He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语)
I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)
I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)
宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.如果同学搞不清楚什么是双宾语,记下下面这个句子: give me a book.一人一物做宾语就是双宾语.说得白一点,双就是两个的意思.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor.
(六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。一句话语法: 宾语补足语使用形容词,不用副词.例如:
His father named him Dongming.(名词)
They painted their boat white.(形容词)
Let the fresh air in.(副词)
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语)
We saw her entering the room.(现在分词)
We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语)
We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句)
(七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。一句话语法:定语使用形容词 定语可由以下等成分表示:
Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词)
There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名词)
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词)
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词)
He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语)
(八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子(这个就叫状语,一句话语法: 状语用副词,不用形容词),说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:
Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组)
He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语)
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短语)
He is in the room making a model plane.(分词短语)
Wait a minute.(名词)
Once you begin, you must continue.(状语从句)
状语种类如下:
How about meeting again at six?(时间状语)(表示时间就是时间状语,那表示原因的呢? 对喽,就是原因状语)
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因状语)
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.(条件状语)
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地点状语)
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式状语)
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴随状语)
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的状语)
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(结果状语)
She works very hard though she is old.(让步状语)
I am taller than he is.(比较状语)
从句是指用于复合句中担当某个句子成分的主谓结构。虽说从句自身的句子结构是完整的, 但是它不能视为独立的句子,因为它离开了主语就无法独立、完整地表达意思。按其所能表达的意义而言,它相当于一个词或是一个词组.例如: 1) Because they talk at home while the television is on , many people think they can talk at movies as well . (状语从句)许多人在家里是边看电视边谈话,所以他们认为在电影院也可以如此。 2) Whether he comes or not doesn‘t make any difference to me . (主语从句) 他来与不来对我都一样。 3)There is disagreement among economists about what money is and how money is measured(宾语从句)什么是货币以及怎样计量货币经济学家之间存有分歧。 4) China is not what it used to be . (表语从句)中国不是它过去的样子了。 5) Is there any proof that the food of plant differs from that of animals ? (同位语从句)有没有什么证据说明植物性食品不同于动物性食品? 6) Taxes consist of money that people pay to support their government . (定语从句) 税款是人们支持政府而交的钱。
词汇:
实义动词 (vt. vi.)
及物动词跟宾语
须跟宾语一起才能表达完整的意思
I have a book..
不及物动词不能直接接宾语
能独立作谓语
She always comes late.
系动词(link-v)
跟表语 不能独立做谓语,跟表语构成完整意思
包括:
1)状态系动词
用来表示主语状态,只有be一词(am is are was were),例如:
He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)
2)持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如: This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
3)表像系动词
用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:
He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
4)感官系动词
感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:This kind of cloth feels very soft.
5)变化系动词 (这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. )如: He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。 6)终止系动词 (表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, trun out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,)例如:The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。
助动词(aux. v.)
跟动词原形或分词(无词汇意义)
不能独立做谓语,跟主要动词构成谓语,表示疑问,否定及各种时态
He doesn’t speak Chinese.
I am watching TV.
情态动词 (mod. v.)
跟动词原形(有自己的词汇意思)
不能独立做谓语。表示说话人语气、情态,无人称和数的变化
We can do it by ourselves.
That would be better.
② 英语语法,状语是什么
同学,你复好状语其制实很简单,类比我们的母语就很好理解状语是修饰整个句子的,比如像时间地点方式条件等等用汉语来理解吧学校明天举行运动会。亚运会在广州举行。通过学习,他掌握了这项技能。如果天下雨,我就不来了。
③ 学英语最基础的语法是什么句式有什么类型
英语基906
④ 英语中状语是什么
什么叫状语?就是动词的八个状态:时间、地点、原因、状态、目的、结果、方式、程度.
修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成份叫状语。例如:
My parents often tell us about their bitter life in the past.我父母经常给我们讲他们过去的苦难生活。
She studies hard.她努力学习。
I am very tired.我非常疲倦。
二、什么可以作状语?
1.副词:Say again.再说一遍。
Suddenly it began to rain.天突然下雨了。
2.介词短语:
Please come here in the evening.请晚上来这儿。
He wrote with a red pencil.他用红铅笔写的。
3.动词不定式(或不定式短语):
He went to see a film.他看电影去了。
My father was surprised to hear the news.
我父亲听到这个消息,感到惊奇。
4.分词(或分词短语):
He sat there reading a novel.他坐在那儿看小说。
The students went away laughing.学生们笑着走开了。
5.名词:
Wait a moment.等一会儿。
It can go all day and all night.它能整日整夜地走。
6.状语从句:
I’ll write to you as soon as I get there.
我一到那儿就给你写信。
He didn’t come because he had to stay at home to finish his home work.他没来,因为他不得不留在家里完成家庭作业。
三、状语的分类:
状语按用途可分为:地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等几类。
1.地点状语:
The students are doing their homework in the classroom.学生们正在教室里做作业。
2.时间状语:
I learned a lot from the peasants when I lived in the countryside.我在农村生活时,向农民学到很多东西。
3.目的状语:
They set out early so that they might arrive on time.他们早点动身,以便准时到达。
4.原因状语:
She will not go home because she has to attend a meeting.因为要开会,所以她不能回家了。
5.结果状语:
Li Ming studied so hard that he caught up with the others very quickly.李明学习如此努力,结果很快赶上了其他人。
6.程度状语:
I nearly forgot what he had promised.
我几乎忘记了他答应的事。
7.方式状语:
He came singing and dancing.他唱着跳着走过来。
8.条件状语:
If you work hard at English,you will do well in English.如果你努力学习英语,你的英语成绩就会好。
9.让步状语:
He went to school yesterday though he was ill.
昨天他尽管有病,仍上学去了。
10.比较状语:
Lesson Two is not so difficult as Lesson One.
第二课不像第一课那样难。
四、状语的位置:
一般说来状语在句中的位置比较灵活,它可以处于句首、句中或句末。
1.状语位于句首:为了强调状语或者为了使它与上下文紧密衔接,通常把状语放于句首。
Tomorrow I am going swimming.明天我要去游泳。
Here in the cinema house,smoking is not allowed.
在电影院这里不准吸烟的。
2.状语位于句中:状语在句中的位置是:
(1)如果没有助动词,状语就位于动词前面。
I often go to see a film.我经常看电影。
(2)如果动词前有一个或几个助动词,状语位于第一个助动词之后。
He has already had his lunch.他已吃过午饭了。
(3)如果动词是be,状语就放在be动词之后。
⑤ 学英语入门 英语语法 定语和状语的区别英语
学英语入门最好不要学英语语法,更不要理会定语和状语的区别,英语很直接又简单,但学了这些障碍物,很难脱离困境;
⑥ 学英语入门 英语语法 英语中的状语有哪些
时间,比较,目的,地点,条件,原因,方式,结果
⑦ 在英语里什么是状语
状语(adverbial,简称adv.)是句子的一个重要修饰成分。是谓语里的另一个附加成分,从情况、时间、处所、方式、条件、对象、肯定、否定、范围和程度等方面对谓语中心词进行修饰、限制。英语状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。
1、副词一般在句子中做状语
He speaks English very well. 他英语说得非常好。
其中的“very”是程度副词,用来修饰“well”。“very well”是修饰“speak”的程度状语。
2、不定式在句子中可以作目的状语
I come specially to see you. 我专门来看你。
3、介词短语
Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian.
从十年以前开始,她开始住在了大连。
4、从句作状语
When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian.
她12岁的那一年开始居住于大连。
5、动词ing形式作状语
①表示时间
Seeing its mother, the baby smiled. (see和smile同时发生)
看到它的母亲,婴儿笑了。
②表示原因
Not knowing anything about the accident, he went to work as usual.
(=Because he didn't know anything about the...)
③表示结果
It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country.
大雨滂沱,造成了那个国家洪水泛滥。
④表示方式
He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠开卡车谋取生计。
⑤表示伴随
She sat at the desk reading a newspaper.(reading是伴随着sat进行的)
她坐在书桌前看报纸。
6、名词作状语
We must get together again some day.
将来某天我们必能再相聚。
(7)学英语入门英语语法状语是什么扩展阅读:
状语的作用:状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、名词、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中。
参考资料来源:网络-状语