❶ 《英语学霸》英语语法精讲
浙大出版社出版的《高中英语语法通霸》 挺不错的,可能是目前最实用的语法书专。该书把复杂属的语法知识详细归纳到一个个考点,先简单讲解,然后给出几个高考真题进行练习。练习题型有单项选择,句子改错,语法填空和句子翻译,对许多考试题型都有帮助。
❷ 求英语书上第28页的语法中文翻译
我过去很矮
我过去在学校不受欢迎
保罗过去真的很文静
她过去不喜欢考试
你过去很矮,不是吗
是/不是
他过去戴眼镜吗
是,他过去戴眼镜/不,他过去不戴眼镜
❸ [高分]求:28种常考英语修辞格的理解方法、例句及练习。
以下是英译,更准确:
Figures of speech (修辞)are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, or to create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. Now we are going to talk about some common forms of figures of speech.
1) Simile:(明喻)It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.
2) Metaphor:(暗喻)It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage.
3) Analogy: (类比)It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.
4) Personification:(拟人)It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees.
5) Hyperbole:(夸张) It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.
6) Understatement:(含蓄陈述) It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.
7) Euphemism:(委婉) It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to "die" as " pass away".
8) Metonymy (转喻) It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces).
9) Synecdoche (提喻) It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or the whole for the part. For instance, they say there's bread and work for all. She was dressed in silks.
10) Antonomasia (换喻)It has also to do with substitution. It is not often mentioned now, though it is still in frequent use. For example, Solomon for a wise man. Daniel for a wise and fair judge. Judas for a traitor.
11) Pun: (双关语) It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. For instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here "arms" has two meanings: a person's body; weapons carried by a soldier.)
12) Syllepsis:(一语双叙) It has two connotations.
In the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a particular form or inflection of a word, refers to two or more words in the same sentence, while properly applying to or agreeing with only on of them in grammar or syntax(句法). For example, He addressed you and me, and desired us to follow him. (Here us is used to refer to you and me.)
In the second case, it a word may refer to two or more words in the same sentence. For example, while he was fighting , and losing limb and mind, and dying, others stayed behind to pursue ecation and career. (Here to losing one's limbs in literal; to lose one's mind is figurative, and means to go mad.)
13) Zeugma: (轭式搭配) It is a single word which is made to modify or to govern two or more words in the same sentence, wither properly applying in sense to only one of them, or applying to them in different senses. For example, The sun shall not burn you by day, nor the moon by night. (Here noon is not strong enough to burn)
14) Irony: (反语) It is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. For instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good.
15) Innuendo:(暗讽) It is a mild form of irony, hinting in a rather roundabout (曲折)way at something disparaging(不一致) or uncomplimentary(不赞美) to the person or subject mentioned. For example, the weatherman said it would be worm. He must take his readings in a bathroom.
16) Sarcasm: (讽刺) It Sarcasm is a strong form of irony. It attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked. For example, laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps break through.
17) Paradox: (似非而是的隽语) It is a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the face of it seems self-contradictory, absurd or contrary to established fact or practice, but which on further thinking and study may prove to be true, well-founded, and even to contain a succinct point. For example more haste, less speed.
18) Oxymoron:(矛盾修饰) It is a compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining(结合) of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous(不协调) terms as in bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos(混乱) and proud humility(侮辱).
19) Antithesis:(对照) It is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve emphasis. For example, speech is silver; silence is golden.
20) Epigram: (警句) It states a simple truth pithily(有利地) and pungently(强烈地). It is usually terse and arouses interest and surprise by its deep insight into certain aspects of human behavior or feeling. For instance, Few, save the poor, feel for the poor.
21) Climax: (渐进) It is derived from the Greek word for "ladder" and implies the progression of thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity, like the steps of a ladder ascending evenly. For example, I came, I saw, I conquered.
22) Anti-climax or bathos:(突降)It is the opposite of Climax. It involves stating one's thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity, from strong to weak, from weighty to light or frivolous. For instance, But thousands die, without or this or that, die, and endow(赋予) a college, or a cat.
23) Apostrophe:(顿呼) In this figure of speech, a thing, place, idea or person (dead or absent) is addressed as if present, listening and understanding what is being said. For instance, England! awake! awake! awake!
24) Transferred Epithet:(转类形容词) It is a figure of speech where an epithet (an adjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify(修饰) to another to which it does not really apply or belong. For instance, I spent sleepless nights on my project.
25) Alliteration:(头韵) It has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect. It is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals(间隔) and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound, it is also called "front rhyme". For instance, the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free.
26) Onomatopoeia:(拟声) It is a device that uses words which imitate the sounds made by an object (animate or inanimate), or which are associated with or suggestive(提示的) of some action or movement.
Selected from Figures of Speech by Feng Cuihua
以下是部分的中文:
反语 (Irony) 英语修辞格irony就是说反话,用反面的话来表达正面的意思。这种修辞格可用来进行讽刺,但多数是用来表达一种善意的幽默或俏皮,故意说出与本意相反的话,例如: ● Slowly the old lady stooped to pick it (the cheque ) up. Her present, her lovely present. With trembling fingers she tore it into little bits. (老太太慢慢地弯下腰,把支票从地上捡起来,她的礼物,她的可爱的礼物!用颤抖的手指把它撕得粉碎。) 老太太八十岁寿辰那天,急切地盼望女儿回家看望她,稍稍安慰她那颗孤寂的心,然而盼来的却是女儿的一张冷冰冰的支票,这当然不是老人心爱的礼物。故此处her lovely present 是典型的irony,是句反话。 ● She was not so young as I expected and in appearance imposing rather than attractive.(她并不如我想象的那么年轻。她的外表与其说吸引人,不如说是令人难忘。)imposing意指因为外貌、形体而使人印象深刻,作者在此以讽刺挖苦的口吻来描述一个贪吃而肥胖的女人。
仿拟(Parody) 根据家喻户晓的成语或谚语,临时更换其中的某个部分,造成新的成语或谚语;或者根据古今名言警句,在保持其原句不变的情况下,更换其中部分词语,这种修辞方式叫仿拟。例如: ● To lie or not to lie-the doctor's dilemma(撒谎还是不撒谎--医生的难题) 看到这个标题,我们不禁想起莎翁戏剧Hamlet中那个永远也解不透的句子“To be or not to be, that is the question”。显然,文章的题目由此模仿而来,给人印象深刻。 ● Lady hermits who are down but not out(穷困而不潦倒的女隐士们)文中的down but not out 源于down and out, 原是拳击比赛的术语,后来喻指穷困潦倒的人。
矛盾修辞法 (Oxymoron) 用两种不相调和,甚至截然相反的特征来形容一项事物,在矛盾中寻求哲理,以便收到奇警的修辞效果,这就是矛盾修辞法,用这种方法,语言精炼简洁,富有哲理,并产生强大的逻辑力量,产生一种出人意料,引人入胜的效果。例如: ● A miserable, merry Christmas(悲喜交加的圣诞节)。圣诞节那天,故事主人公小男孩经历了从痛苦的边缘到幸福的顶峰的过程。因此,父母精心安排的圣诞节既是最糟的,又是最好的。
头韵 (Alliteration) 与前面几种修辞方式不同,头韵是一种语音修辞方式,它指一组词、一句话或一行诗中重复出现开头字母相同的单词,常用于文章的标题、诗歌及广告语中,简明生动,起到突出重点,加深印象,平衡节奏,宣泄感情的作用。例如: ● A miserable, merry Christmas ● Profits of praise
明喻 (Simile) 明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法,是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体的关系,两者都在对比中出现,其基本格式是“A像B”,常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though 等。例如: ● He jumped back as if he had been stung, and the blood rushed into his wrinkled face.(他往后一跳,好像被什么东西叮了一下似的,他那张布满皱纹的脸顿时涨得通红。) 在《品尝家》一文中老人对“我”的慷慨施舍的反应如同被蜜蜂叮过一样,生动地刻画出一个处境凄凉内心却极度敏感的可怜老人的形象。 ● The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. (支票跌落到地上,像一只断了翅膀的小鸟。) 《礼物》一文中,老太太喜迎八十大寿,大女儿不来庆祝,只寄来一张支票。作者把这张支票比作断了翅膀的小鸟,形象地表达出此刻老太太希望破灭,极度伤心的心情。
暗喻 (Metaphor) 暗喻也是一种比喻,但不用比喻词,因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。它直接把一种事物名称用在另一事物上,从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理,增强语言的表现力。例如: ● What will parents do without the electronic baby-sitter? (如果没有这位电子保姆,父母该怎么办呢?) 形象地说明了电视机的保姆功用。 ● ... while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.(……但是我们中的很多人太容易给别人批评的冷风,而不愿意给自己的同伴赞扬的阳光。)作者把批评比作冷风,把赞扬比作温暖的阳光,生动形象,寓意隽永。
转喻 (Metonymy) 转喻(即借代)是通过相近的联想,借喻体代替本体。例如: ● My 15 students read Emerson, Thoreau, and Huxley.(我的十五位学生读了爱默生、梭罗和赫胥黎的作品。)这是典型的转喻,以人名借代作品。 ● Against the Oval Earth man, the first card I can play is the analogy of the sun and moon. (面对“地球卵形说”者,我能打的第一张牌是,太阳和月亮的相似性。)文中作者用具体第一张牌来借代抽象的“第一个论据”,更加生动形象,浅显易懂, 也使语言新鲜活泼,富有表现力。
拟人 (Personification) 拟人是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物上,使之人格化的修辞格。例如: ● ... four evergreen shrubs stood at each corner, where they struggled to survive the st and fumes from a busy main road.(……四丛常绿灌木分别位于每个角落,它们忍受着从繁忙的大街上吹来的尘烟,挣扎着活下去。)“挣扎”是有生命的物体的动作,作者给自然的花草赋予了生命,使它人格化。 ● But the houses were cold, closed, unfriendly.(可是那些房子冷漠无情,门窗紧闭,一点也不友好。)house本来是没有感情的,作者通过拟人的手法,表现房子里人的冷漠无情。
夸张 (Hyperbole) 夸张是一种故意言过其实,或夸大或缩小事物的形象,借以突出事物的某种特征或品格,鲜明地表达思想情感的修辞方式。用于描写可以使形象更生动突出,渲染气氛,烘托意境,给读者留下深刻、鲜明的印象。例如: ● Vingo sat stunned, looking at the oak tree. It was covered with yellow handkerchiefs - 20 of them, 30 of them, maybe hundreds.(文戈坐在那儿望着橡树惊呆了。树上挂满了黄手绢--二十条,三十条,或许几百条。)此句中20 of them, 30 of them, maybe hundreds就是运用了夸张的手法,主观地渲染了气氛。 ● She gave me the impression of having more teeth, white and large and even, than were necessary for any practical purpose.(她给我的印象是:她有一口洁白整齐的大牙,为数之多已超过任何实际需要。)在这里作者通过夸张的描述,使一个贪婪好吃的女性形象跃然纸上。
❹ 28英语翻译
我会注意轻抚小狗,这样它才不会受伤或者受到惊吓,以此来表达我对它的善意。
❺ 推荐一个最全的英语语法。实用性最高的。
如果是初或高中,可以推荐 张道真 初中英语语法,高中英语语法,实用英语语法,薄冰 英语语法。
如果是大学 可以推荐 汪家杨 李俊峰的,同时搜这两个人名和语法这两个字,就可以找到他们编的书。
❻ 有哪些实用有效的英语学习方法 如英语语法的学习方法
英语的基础是单词,要多记多背,记忆单词的方法有很多种,可以在阅读中记忆单词,这样既不乏味也记得牢。像语法、翻译、答题技巧等主要就是通过课上习得的,所以一定要专心,课后要学会总结、归纳、理解记忆、做题实战运用。如果语法太差,可以买一本语法书攻克一下。
提高英语阅读理解能力。英语阅读是比较重要的一个环节,英语阅读理解最好能做到每天至少练习一篇。英语阅读理解能力简单的说就是:通过快速的阅读文章、材料,快速的提取段落、文章的脉络和重点,促进整理归纳分析,提高做题效率。快速阅读是一种高效的阅读方法,其原理在于激活“眼、脑”的潜能,培养和提高阅读速度、整体感知、归纳理解、注意力集中等方面的能力,对应于阅读理解方面的帮助很大。快速阅读的练习可以参考《精英特全脑速读记忆训练》。掌握快速阅读后,可以快速的对文章的关键信息进行提取,提高做题效率和准确性,同时可节约大量的时间,做到游刃有余。
做英语阅读理解的时候要注意:阅读时不要逐字逐句的翻译,也不要一句话反复阅读,即阅读时碰到一时不理解的句子就一遍一遍地沉浸在阅读那个句子当中,反复琢磨。其实完全没有必要,因为要选对答案并不意味着对原文的每个句子都要读懂,抓住一些重点句子就够了,正确的做法是,以理解整个段落和整篇文章为主,在涵盖出题点的句子上用心捉摸。
英语写作,写作是一个综合的东西,单词、语法、阅读都是基础,有了前面的积淀,平时再多加练习,写作就不是问题了。时间允许的话可以一天写一篇,最糟糕也要一周练习一篇。
听力。要想练好听力,首先,要选择适当的语音材料:①所选语音材料必须地道、原汁原味;②所选语音材料应尽可能包罗万象,涵盖不同领域、不同话题,既要有正式用语,又要有日常会话;③材料应从简单的入手,逐渐增加难度。其次,听得方法:①利用零碎时间,这种听法要求你连贯地、不重复地听取大量语音材料,不需要听懂每一句话,只需听个大概就行。②抽出一段专门的时间,集中精力全神贯注地去听。这种听法不要求你听太多的内容,但务必要听懂每一句话,把握每一个细节。
❼ 求 "迈克实用初中英语语法精讲与训练" 的练习答案~ 有的发!
‘最终删取勿来顶,蜻蜓点水影如弓,佳人相约黄昏后’, 把这三句合成一局,要好听,有诗意,押韵。求解 。 句子越短越好,易懂。求求求
❽ 英语原文翻译(28)
大多数美国家庭(成员数目/规模)比其他国家的都要小些。通常,每个美国家庭由父母中的一方带着一或两个孩子(组成),或者父母带着一到两个孩子(组成)。
❾ 英语高手请进28
2.10.储藏架
钢储藏架是冷成形钢的主要应用之一。储藏架设计中最重要的因素之一是走道强度和稳定性。这种稳定性显著地受束流-柱连接件的影响,因为该结构通常在允许货盘的加载和卸载的走道方向是松弛的。两篇最近的学术论文提供了货架摇摆和震动行为的有价值的信息。Baldassino和Bernuzzi [48] 提供了束流-柱模型对储藏架走道稳定性的影响的数值研究. 次生效应、框架缺点、基板连接件的影响被详细研究.一个半刚性连接件的框架模型建议用来做更精练、更优秀的设计. Bernuzzi and Castiglioni [49] 描述了钢储藏架的束流-柱连接件循环行为的研究。储藏架的Seismic设计需要完全理解这种行为并且该论文提供了详细的实验结果。连接件表明有足够的延展性,它们比钢建筑框架中传统钢构件使用的连接件有更好的柔韧性。
2.11. 最优化
两个独立的作者群体报道了记算机神经网络模型在冷成形面优化中的应用。 Karim和Adeli [50] 根据1989 版的AISI规范采用此法对冷成形钢冠状束流进行优化。比较而言,El-Kassas 等 [51]用该方法优化了薄壁冷成形 开口与非开口通道和冠状面。优化参照最新版本的英国标准 “BS5950 Part 5” [52]。论文提供了神经网络使用来解决针对此类问题的非常有用的信息。