Ⅰ 请帮忙归纳一下人教版高中英语必修一必修二语法
定语从句
一、考点聚焦
1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语
2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后
Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.
3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词
（1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。
（2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点：
①先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。
This is the place which is worth visiting.
②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。
There are many places we can visit（them）in China.
4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词
关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。
关系副词：when, where, why。that偶尔也作关系副词。
5、确定关系词的步骤
（1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。
（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
6、在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which
（1）先行词被①形容词最高级 ②序数词 ③数词几种词修饰或被 ④only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。
（2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。
（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。
He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.
（4）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。
The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.
（5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。
Which are the books that you bought for me ?
7、宜用which而不用that的情况
（1）在非限制性定语从句中
（2）在关系词前有介词时
（3）当先行词本身是that时
（4）当关系词离先行词较远时
8、关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词
（1）当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。
（2）先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时，关系词用who。
（3）当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。
Who is that girl that is standing by the window?
（4）whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。
9、whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。如：
Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving ?
There is a room, whose window faces the river.
There is a room, the window of which faces the river.
10、关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。
（1）先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型as many（much）中，从句都用as 引导。
Such books as you bought are useful.
The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.
注意：区别①such … that … 引导的结果状语从句。They are such
lovely children that we love them much.②the same … that … 引导定语从句。I want to use the same tool that you used just now.
（2）无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。
区别：①意义上：as 含有“这点正如……一样”。②位置上：as 从句可置句首，也可在另处。
He didn’t pass the exam, as we had expected.
There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.
As is known, the earth is round, not flat.
11、关系副词when与where、why、that
when 指时间 = in / at / on / ring which
where指地点 = in / at / from / which
why指原因 = for which
当先行词为way、day、reason、time时，可用that作关系副词。（非正式场合）
I don’t like the way that / in which / he talks.
当time作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。
This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.
12、必须注意的问题
（1）关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。
（2）注意区别定语从句与强调句。
①定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。
②强调it无意义，that / who不是引导词。
③强调it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。
It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定语从句)
It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（强调句）
（3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
①定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。
②同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that不能充当任何成分，不可省。
Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语)
We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定语)
（4）关系词在从句中省略的情况。
①关系词作宾语，前无介词时。
②关系词作表语。
（5）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。
（6）关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。
（7）几个特殊的定语从句句型：
①He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks
in the match.（句中one为先行词）
He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.（句中students为先行词）
②Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?
Is this the place(that / which)we visited yesterday ?
③He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.
④It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.
Ⅱ 英语必修一、必修二语法总结
1. be concerned about
2. share sth. with sb.
3. feelings and thoughts
4. calm down
6. get along with
8. upset
9. suffer from
11. get tired of
12. be crazy about
13. join in
14. outdoor activities
15. on purpose
16. in addition
17. as far as I am concerned
1. settle down
2. based on
6. at present
7. play an important role in
8. native English speakers
9. make use of
11. be recognized as
12. have a good command of
13. have difficulty in doing
1. dream about / of sth. / doing …
3. have a chance to do …
4. be fond of
6. change one’s mind
7. make up one’s mind
8. give in to
11. persuade sb. to do ….
12. insist on doing …
4. lie in ruins
6. break out 无被动
7. think little of
8. at an end
9. a great number of
13. be injured
16. be trapped
18. be shocked
19. be frightened
20. damage
22. natural disaster
24. economic loss
25. be gone
1. quality
2. generous and selfless
3. be willing to do …
4. ask for no reward
5. turn to sb. for help
6. in trouble
7. take an active part in
8. be active in …
9. devote oneself to sth . / doing …
10. be devoted to sth. / doing …
12. fight against / for …
13. equality and fairness
14. equal rights
15. be put in prison
16. lose heart
17. peaceful
18. be hopeful about
19. answer violence with violence
20. out of work
21. be grateful to sb. for sth.
22. (a country) be founded
23. offer guidance to sb. on sth.
25. attack
27. escape from
29. reward sb. with sth. for sth.
1. cultural relics
2. go / be in search of
3. rare and valuable
4. serve as (无被动)
6. belong to (无被动，无进行时)
7. ask for nothing in return
8. be well worth doing
9. It is worthwhile to do …
11. local
13. think highly of
16. have a history of XX years
19. former – latter
20. formal – informal
21. survive vt.
23. be completed
1. the Olympics / the Olympic Games (复数)
2. compete in … with/against … for …
5. take part in
7. stand for
8. a sports event / sports events
9. host – hosted – hosted
10. hold – held – held
11. be admitted as
12. be admitted into
13. admit (to) doing …
14. every 4 years
15. take responsibility for
16. be responsible for
17. be in charge of
18. replace A with B
19. promise to do
20. deserve to do
21. one after another
22. charge sb. money for sth.
25. volunteer
26. on a regular basis
27. be fined
28. foolish
29. hopeless
32. be allowed to do
34. problems arise
35. changes take place
37. live a life of high quality
38. in a way
39. simplify
40. deal with
41. human race
42. think logically
43. watch over
44. personal
46. have … in common
47. explore the Internet
48. download
1. wildlife reserves
2. be at a loss
3. long to do
4. endangered species
5. in danger of dying out
6. succeed in
7. be successful in
8. distant adj. = faraway
9. according to
10. decrease to (by)
11. protect sth. / sb. from …
12. hunt
13. hunt for
14. affect = have an effect on
15. do harm to
16. pay (close / more / no) attention to
17. live in peace with
18. respond to
19. come into being (无被动)
20. fierce
21. be extinct
22. raise our awareness of wildlife protection
23. powerful
2. to be honest = honestly speaking
3. humorous
4. a sense of humor
5. attractive adj.
6. attract vt.
7. have confidence in = be confident in
8. painful
9. be sensitive to
10. afterwards
11. or so
12. as well as
13. attach great importance to
14. dream of / about
15. sort out
16. in addition
17. sth. be familiar to sb.
18. sb. be familiar with sth.
19. break up
20. pretend to do …
21. pretend that
22. play jokes on
23. earn extra money
24. rely on sb. for sth.
25. afterwards
26. be devoted to
27. painful
序号有点乱 因为有删除 看看咯
Ⅲ 高一英语必修二期末语法总结
情态动词
情态动词表推测的三种句式
1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定)，may（可能）， /can, could（也许，或许）。 （1）He must/may/might know the answer to this question? 他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。
2.否定句中用can’t / couldn’t(不可能), may not/might not(可能不)。 （1）It can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster. He has gone to America. 这不可能是校长，他去美国了。 3.疑问句中用can/could (能……?)。 （1）Could he have finished the task? 他可能把任务完成了吗？ （2）Can he be at home now? 他现在能在家吗？
注：以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。Might, could并非may, can的过去式，而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。
（二）情态动词表推测的三种时态
1.对将来情况的推测，用“情态动词 + 动词原形”。
（1）She must / may / might / could arrive before 5. 5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。
2.对现在或一般情况的推测，用“情态动词 + be”，“情态动词 +be doing”或“情态动词 + 动词原形”。 （1）He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now. 他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。
注：情态动词 should /ought to表推测时，意为“想必会，理应……”但与“have +过去分词”连用时，则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”。例如： （4）It’s seven o’clock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment. 现在七点钟了，杰克理应随时到达。（推测） （5）She should / ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital. （虚拟） 她本该出席你的生日晚会的，可是她得在医院照顾她妈妈。 （6）Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm. （虚拟） 汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密，可是他并无恶意。
助动词(auxiliary)主要有两类：基本助动词(primary auxiliary)和情态助动词(modal auxiliary)。基本助动词有三个：do, have和be；情态助动词基本的有十四个：may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to.had better 上述两类助动词的共同特征是，在协助主动词构成限定动词词组
名词性从句
主语从句
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。
宾语从句
名词从句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如： The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。 That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。
【注意】whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。
同位语从句
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。
Ⅳ 高一英语必修一和必修二的重难点总结
语法方面：
1. 被动语态：其实很简单，就是注意充当谓语的时候别漏用动词就好
2. 直接引语和间接引语：很容易被人无视的语法点，但同时也是高中阶段最重要的语法专项之一。写记叙文的时候很经常使用对话，注意什么时候该使用双引号，什么时候该使用that，人称方面的变化。
3. 定语从句：主要是关系代词that, which, who, whom的辨析，这些写作时候比较常用。假如你的省份还有考单项选择题，那还要注意when, where, why和介词+which结构。
词汇、词组方面：其实去看看词汇表就好，高一上半学期的词组都挺基础的也挺重要的。但以下是我觉得特别重要那些：
1. be concerned about
2. share sth. with sb.
3. feelings and thoughts
4. calm down
6. get along with
8. upset
9. suffer from
11. get tired of
12. be crazy about
13. join in
14. outdoor activities
15. on purpose
16. in addition
17. as far as I am concerned
1. settle down
2. based on
6. at present
7. play an important role in
8. native English speakers
9. make use of
11. be recognized as
12. have a good command of
13. have difficulty in doing
1. dream about / of sth. / doing …
3. have a chance to do …
4. be fond of
6. change one’s mind
7. make up one’s mind
8. give in to
11. persuade sb. to do ….
12. insist on doing …
4. lie in ruins
6. break out 无被动
7. think little of
8. at an end
9. a great number of
13. be injured
16. be trapped
18. be shocked
19. be frightened
20. damage
22. natural disaster
24. economic loss
25. be gone
1. quality
2. generous and selfless
3. be willing to do …
4. ask for no reward
5. turn to sb. for help
6. in trouble
7. take an active part in
8. be active in …
9. devote oneself to sth . / doing …
10. be devoted to sth. / doing …
12. fight against / for …
13. equality and fairness
14. equal rights
15. be put in prison
16. lose heart
17. peaceful
18. be hopeful about
19. answer violence with violence
20. out of work
21. be grateful to sb. for sth.
22. (a country) be founded
23. offer guidance to sb. on sth.
25. attack
27. escape from
29. reward sb. with sth. for sth.
1. cultural relics
2. go / be in search of
3. rare and valuable
4. serve as (无被动)
6. belong to (无被动，无进行时)
7. ask for nothing in return
8. be well worth doing
9. It is worthwhile to do …
11. local
13. think highly of
16. have a history of XX years
19. former – latter
20. formal – informal
21. survive vt.
23. be completed
1. the Olympics / the Olympic Games (复数)
2. compete in … with/against … for …
5. take part in
7. stand for
8. a sports event / sports events
9. host – hosted – hosted
10. hold – held – held
11. be admitted as
12. be admitted into
13. admit (to) doing …
14. every 4 years
15. take responsibility for
16. be responsible for
17. be in charge of
18. replace A with B
19. promise to do
20. deserve to do
21. one after another
22. charge sb. money for sth.
25. volunteer
26. on a regular basis
27. be fined
28. foolish
29. hopeless
32. be allowed to do
34. problems arise
35. changes take place
37. live a life of high quality
38. in a way
39. simplify
40. deal with
41. human race
42. think logically
43. watch over
44. personal
46. have … in common
47. explore the Internet
48. download
1. wildlife reserves
2. be at a loss
3. long to do
4. endangered species
5. in danger of dying out
6. succeed in
7. be successful in
8. distant adj. = faraway
9. according to
10. decrease to (by)
11. protect sth. / sb. from …
12. hunt
13. hunt for
14. affect = have an effect on
15. do harm to
16. pay (close / more / no) attention to
17. live in peace with
18. respond to
19. come into being (无被动)
20. fierce
21. be extinct
22. raise our awareness of wildlife protection
23. powerful
2. to be honest = honestly speaking
3. humorous
4. a sense of humor
5. attractive adj.
6. attract vt.
7. have confidence in = be confident in
8. painful
9. be sensitive to
10. afterwards
11. or so
12. as well as
13. attach great importance to
14. dream of / about
15. sort out
16. in addition
17. sth. be familiar to sb.
18. sb. be familiar with sth.
19. break up
20. pretend to do …
21. pretend that
22. play jokes on
23. earn extra money
24. rely on sb. for sth.
25. afterwards
26. be devoted to
27. painful
序号有点乱 因为有删除 看看咯
Ⅳ 高一必修二英语语法。全一点。谢谢。
情态动词有五类：
①只做情态动词：,can(could),may(might)……
②可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need,dare
③具有情态动词特征：have(had,has) to,used to
④情态动词表猜测
情态动词有一定的词义，但并不完整，必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。
I can see you. Come here.
我能看见你，过来吧。
He must have been away.
他一定走了。
What can I do for you?
我能帮你吗？
How dare you treat us like that！
你怎能那样对待我们！
情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。
He could be here soon.
他很快就来。
We can't carry the heavy box.
我们搬不动那箱子。
I'm sorry I can't help you.
对不起，我帮不上你。
基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是:基本助动词本身没有词义，而情态助动词则有自己的词义，能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法，或表示主观设想：
What have you been doing since? （构成完成进行体，本身无词义）
I am afraid I must be going. （一定要）
You may have read some account of the matter. （或许已经）
除此之外，情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征：
1） 除ought和used以外，其他情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。如果我们把ought to和used to看做是固定词组的话，那么，所有情态动词无一例外地只能接不带to的不定式：
We used to grow beautiful roses.
I asked if he would come and repair my television set.
2） 情态助动词在限定动词词组总是位居第一：
They need not have been punished so severely.
3） 情态助动词用于第三人称单数现在时的时候，没有词形变化，即其词尾无-s形式：
She dare not say what she thinks.
4） 情态动词没有非限定形式，即没有不定式和分词形式，也没有相应的动名词：
Still, she needn't have run away.
5） 情态助动词的“时”的形式并不是时间区别的主要标志。在不少场合，情态助动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间：
Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something?
She told him he ought not to have done it.
6） 情态助动词之间是相互排斥的，即在一个限定动词词组中只能出现一个情态助动词，但有时却可以与have和be基本助动词连用：
You should have washed the wound.
Well, you shouldn't be reading a novel.
首先它是动词，而且不同于行为动词，行为动词表示的是可以通过行为来表达的动作（如写，读，跑），而情态动词只是表达的一种想法（如能，也许，敢）。
用法是：情态动词+行为动词原形
例句：I can read this sentence in English.
我能用英语读这句话。
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。
We can be there on time tomorrow.我们明天能按时去那儿。
May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗？
Shall we begin now?我们现在就开始吗？
You must obey the school rules.你必须遵守校规。
情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列:
can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would),have (to) ,had better.
情态动词还有一个很重要的用法，即情态动词表推测——
情态动词表推测的用法小结
（一）情态动词表推测的三种句式
1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定)，may（可能），might /can, could（也许，或许）。
（1）He must/may/might know the answer to this question?
他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。
（2）It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating.
屋里很冷，他们肯定把暖气关了。
2.否定句中用can’t / couldn’t(不可能), may not/might not(可能不)。
（1）It can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster. He has gone to America.
这不可能是校长，他去美国了。
（2）He may not/might not know the scientist.
他也许不认识那位科学家。
3.疑问句中用can/could (能……?)。
（1）Could he have finished the task?
他可能把任务完成了吗？
（2）Can he be at home now?
他现在能在家吗？
注：以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。Might, could并非may, can的过去式，而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。
（二）情态动词表推测的三种时态
1.对将来情况的推测，用“情态动词 + 动词原形”。
（1）She must / may / might / could arrive before 5.
5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。
（2）She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone.
她一定/可能/也许会在山里一连走好几英里而遇不到一个人。
2.对现在或一般情况的推测，用“情态动词 + be”，“情态动词 +be doing”或“情态动词 + 动词原形”。
（1）He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now.
他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。
（2）He can’t ( couldn’t ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time.
这个时候他不可能/可能不在家。
（3）Mr. Bush is on time for everything .How can ( could ) he be late for the opening ceremony ?
布什先生一向准时，这次开幕式他怎么可能迟到呢？
3.对过去情况的推测，用“情态动词 + have +过去分词”。
（1）It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet.
地湿了，昨晚肯定/可能/也许下雨了。
（2）The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home .
门锁着，他不可能/可能不在家。
（3）Can / Could he have gotten the book？
难道他找到书了吗？
注：情态动词 should /ought to表推测时，意为“想必会，理应……”但与“have +过去分词”连用时，则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”。例如：
（4）It’s seven o’clock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment.
现在七点钟了，杰克理应随时到达。（推测）
（5）She should / ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital. （虚拟）
她本该出席你的生日晚会的，可是她得在医院照顾她妈妈。
（6）Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm. （虚拟）
汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密，可是他并无恶意。
助动词(auxiliary)主要有两类：基本助动词(primary auxiliary)和情态助动词(modal auxiliary)。基本助动词有三个：do, have和be；情态助动词基本的有十四个：may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to.had better 上述两类助动词的共同特征是，在协助主动词构成限定动词词组时，具有作用词的功能：
1） 构成否定式：
He didn't go and neither did she.
他没去，她也没去。
The meeting might not start until 5 o'clock.
会议可能直到五点才开始。
2） 构成疑问式或附加疑问式：
Must you leave right now?
你一定要马上离开吗？
You have been learning French for 5 years, haven't you?
你已经学了五年法语，不是吗？
3） 构成修辞倒装：
Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister.
他无处得到他姐姐的任何消息。
Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.
他刚到，她就开始抱怨起来。
4） 代替限定动词词组：
A: Who can solve this crossword puzzle?
B: Tom can.
A: Shall I write to him?
B: Yes, do.
can和could的用法
1. 表示能力或客观可能性，还可以表示请求和允许。如：
Can you finish this work tonight?
你今晚能完成这项工作吗？
Man can not live without air.
人离了空气不能活。
— Can I go now? — Yes, you can.
—我现在可以走了吗？—你可以。
注意：①could也可表示请求，语气委婉，主要用于疑问句，不可用于肯定句，答语应用can（即could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中）。如：
Could I come to see you tomorrow?
我明天能来看您吗？
Yes, you can. （否定答语可用No, I'm afraid not.）
是的，你可以。（不，恐怕不行。）
②can表示能力时，还可用be able to代替。如：
I'll not be able to come this afternoon.
我今下午不能来。
2. 表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。（主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中）
Can this be true?
这可能是真的吗？
How can you be so careless!
你怎么能这么粗心！
This can not be done by him.
这不可能是他做的。
3. “can(could) + have + 过去分词”的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。如：
He can not have been to that town.
他不可能去过那个镇。
Can he have got the book?
他可能拥有这本书吗？
4. 用在疑问句及否定句中,表示惊讶,不相信等.
5. can not```too\enough表示"无论怎样``````也不过分","越``````越好"
6.can 可以表示体力活脑力方面的能力，能够，能，会
Can you finish the work in such a short time ?
你能在那么短的时间内完成这项工作吗？
7. can 表示许可、允许 ， 在疑问句中表示要求，在否定句中表示不许，此时可以和may通用。
may和might的用法
1. 表示许可。
表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些，否定回答时(口语中常用) no , you can't . or , yes, please 用mustn't表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意(具有强烈禁止的意思)如：
You may drive the car.
你可以开这辆车。
— Might I use your pen? — No, you mustn't.
—我可以用你的钢笔吗？—不，绝对不行。
用May I ... 征询对方许可在文体上比较正式，在口气上比较客气。在日常口语中，用Can I ... 征询对方意见在现代口语中更为常见。
2. 用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如：
May you succeed!
祝你成功！
3. 表示推测、可能（疑问句不能用于此意）。
He may be very busy now.
他现在可能非常忙。
4. “may(might) + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的行为的推测。如：
He may not have finished the work.
他可能没有完成工作。
must和have to的用法
1. 表示必须、必要。（must表示主观多一些而have to则表示客观多一些）如：
You must come in time.
你必须及时过来。
回答must引出的问句时，如果是否定的回答，不能用mustn't，而要用needn't或don't have to。
— Must we hand in our exercise books today?
— Yes, you must. (No, you don’t have to.)
—我们今天必须交上练习册吗？
—是的。（不，不必。）
2. “must be + 表语”的结构表示推测，它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。
This must be your pen.
这一定是你的钢笔。
3. “must + have + 过去分词”的结构常用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生的行为的推测。它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。
He must have been to Shanghai.
他一定去过上海。
4. have to的含义与must相似，两者往往可以互换使用，但have to有各种形式，随have的变化而定。must与have to有下列几点不同：
① must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to则往往强调客观需要。如：
The play is not interesting. I really must go now.
这部剧没意思。我真的必须现在就走。
I had to work when I was your age.
当我像你这么大时，我不得不工作。
② must一般只表现在，have则有更多的时态形式。
③ 二者的否定意义不大相同。如：
You mustn't go. 你可不要去。
You don't have to go. 你不必去。
④ 询问对方的意愿时应用must。如：
Must I clean all the room?
我一定要打扫整个房间吗？
注意：have to也可拼做have got to。
5. 表示一种与说话人 愿望相反、不耐烦的感情色彩，偏偏、非要。
Why must you always bother me ?
为什么你总是来烦我？
dare和need的用法
1. need表示“需要”或“必须”，作情态动词时，仅用于否定句或疑问句中，在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to,或should代替。如：
You needn’t come so early.
— Need I finish the work today?
— Yes, you must.
注意：needn't + 不定式的完成式“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”。如：
You needn't have waited for me.
2. Dare作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用在肯定句中。如：
How dare you say I'm unfair.
He daren't speak English before such a crowd, dare he?
3. Dare和need常用作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化，所不同的是，作实义动词时，在肯定句中，dare后面通常接带to的不定式，在否定和疑问句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。如：
I dare to swim across this river.
He does not dare (to) answer.
Don't you dare (to) touch it!
I wondered he dare (to) say that.
He needs to finish it this evening.
shall和should的用法
一.Shall的用法：
1. Shall用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意愿。如：
What shall we do this evening?
2. Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。如：
Shall we begin our lesson?
When shall he be able to leave the hospital?
3. Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。如：
You shall fail if you don't work harder. （警告）
He shall have the book when I finish reading. （允诺）
He shall be punished. （威胁）
二.Should的用法：
1. Should表示劝告、建议、命令，其同义词是ought to；在疑问句中，通常用should代替ought to。如：
You should go to class right away.
Should I open the window?
Should的含义较多，用法较活，现介绍三种其特殊用法。请看下面的句子：
① I should think it would be better to try it again. 我倒是认为最好再试一试。
② You are mistaken, I should say. 依我看，你是搞错了。
③ I should advise you not to do that. 我倒是劝你别这样做。
④ This is something I should have liked to ask you. 这是我本来想问你的。
从以上例句可以看出：情态动词should用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。
Should还可以用在if引导的条件从句，表示一件事听起来可能性很小，但也不是完全没有可能。相当于“万一”的意思。从句谓语由should加动词原形构成，主句谓语却不一定用虚拟语气。如：
⑤ Ask her to ring me up if you should see her. 你万一见到她，请让她给我打个电话。
⑥ If you should change your mind, please let us know. 万一你改变主意，请通知我们。
⑦ Should I (If I should) be free tomorrow I will come. 万一我明天有时间，我就来。
此外，Why(or How) + should结构表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等意思。意为“竟会”。如：
⑧ Why should you be so late today? 你几天怎么来得这么晚？
⑨ — Where is Betty living? — 贝蒂住在哪里？
— How should I know? — 我怎么会知道呢？
⑩ I don't know why you should think that I did it. 我真不知道你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。
2. “should + have + 过去分词”结构一般表示义务，表示应该做到而实际上没有做到，并包含一种埋怨、责备的口气。如： She should have finished it.
I should have helped her, but I never could.
You should have started earlier.
will和would的用法
1. 表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。如：
Would you pass me the book?
2. 表示意志、愿望和决心。如：
I will never do that again.
They asked if we would do that again.
The door won't open
3. 用“will be”和“will(would) + have + 过去分词”的结构表示推测，主要用于第二、三人称。前者表示对目前情况的推测，后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。如：
This will be the book you want.
He will have arrived by now.
The guests would have arrived by that time.
I thought you would have finished this by now.
4. Would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。Would表过去习惯时比used to正式，并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。如：
The wound would not heal.
During the vacation he would visit me every week.
5. 表料想或猜想。如：
It would be about ten when he left home.
What would she be doing there?
I thought he would have told you all about it.
ought to的用法
1. Ought to表示应该。如：
You ought to take care of him.
2. 表示推测。注意与must表示推测时的区别：
He must be at home by now. （断定他已到家）
He ought to be home by now. （不十分肯定）
This is where the oil must be. （比较直率）
This is where the oil ought to be. （比较含蓄）
3. “ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。如：
You ought to have asked him (but you didn't).
这时，ought to和should可以互相换用。
注意：在美国英语中，ought to用于否定句和疑问句时，to可以省略。如：
Ought you smoke so much?
You oughtn't smoke so much.
ought和should的区别：
1.ought语气略强。
2.should较常用。
3.ought在美国英语中用的很少，而should却相当常用。
4.ought属正式用语。
注：由于ought to 没有过去式，所以在直接引语变间接引语的过程中，就不再变化.
used to，had better，would rather的用法
1. Used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式可不变。如：
He told us he used to play football when he was young.
在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中，可有两种形式：
疑问句
Did you use to go to the same school as your brother?
Used you to go to the same school as your brother?
否定句
I usedn't to go there.
I didn't use to go there.
Usedn't 亦可拼作usen't，但发音皆为['ju:snt]。
否定疑问句
Usen't you to be interested in the theatre?
Didn't you use to be interested in the theatre?
强调句
I certainly used to smoke, but it was a long time ago.
I certainly did use to smoke, but it was a long time ago.
其反意疑问句或简略回答中，也有两种形式：
She used to be very fat, didn't she? （口语+常用）/ use(d)n't she? （正式+过时）
Did you use to play chess? Yes, I did.
Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes, I did. (Yes, I used to.)
2. Had better意为“最好”，后接不带to的不定式。如：
Hadn't we better stop now? (Had we better not stop now?)
I think I'd better be going. （用于进行时态，表“最好立即”）
You had better have done that. （用于完成时态，表未完成动作）
注：①had best与had better同意，但较少用。②You had better … 用于同辈或小辈，对长辈不可用。
3. Would rather意为“宁愿”，表选择，后接不带to的不定式。如：
I'd rather not say anything.
由于would rather表选择，因而后可接than。如：
I would rather work on a farm than in a factory.
I'd rather you didn't talk about this to anyone. （句中的'd rather不是情态动词，would在此是表愿望的实义动词）
注：由于used to，had better同ought to一样没有过去式，所以在直接引语变间接引语的过程中，也不再变化.
can (could), may (might)的用法
can (could) 表示说话人能,可以,同意,准许,以及客观条件许可,could 为 can 的过去式。
Can you pass me the books?
你能给我递一下书吗 ?
can 和could 只能用于现在式和过去式两种时态,将来时态用 be able to 来表示。
He could help us at all.
他完全可以帮助我们。
may (might) 可以, 表示说话人同意,许可或请求对方许可。
You may take the book home.
你可以把书带回家去.
May I come in?
我可以进来吗?
may 否定式为 may not, 缩写形式是 mayn't.
might 是may 的过去式, 有两种用法, 一种表示过去式，一种表示虚拟语气, 使语气更加委婉, 客气或对可能性的怀疑。
He might be alive.
他可能还活着。
must, need, ought to, dare (dared)用法
Must 必须,应该,一定,准是, 表示说话人认为有必要做某事, 命令, 要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。
must 用来指一般现在时和一般将来时, 过去式可用 have to 的过去式代替。
I must finish my work today. 我今天必须完成我的工作。
You mustn't work all the time. 你不能老是工作。
must + have + 过去分词,表示现在对过去事物的推测。
It's six o'clock already, we must have been late again.
已经六点钟了，我们一定又迟到了。
must 和 have to 的区别: must 表示说话人的主观思想, have to 表示客观需要。
You must do it now.
你必需现在就干。(说话人认为必须现在干)
I have to go now.
我得走了。(客观条件必须现在走)
need 是一个情态动词, 他的用法完全和其他情态动词一样, 但 need 还可当作实义动词使用, 这时 need 就象其他动词一样,有第三人称,单复数, 后面加带 to 的动词等特性。
needn't + have + 过去分词 表示过去做了没必要做的事情。
dare 敢 多用在否定或疑问句中。
dare 除用作情态动词外,更多的是当实义动词使用, 用法同实义动词一样,要考虑人称,单复数,时态等。
have to , ought ，will ，Shall , should . ought 应当,应该 后面跟带有 to 的动词不定式。
ought + to have done 句型。指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做。
ought not to have done 句型。表示一件不该做的事情却做了。
will (would)决心,愿望。 would 为 will 的过去式,
will, would用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用 would 比 will 更婉转,客气。
Shall, should表示命令,警告,允诺,征求,劝告,建议惊奇。
have to,不得不,必须,表示客观条件只能如此, 而must 则表示主观思想必须。
Ⅵ 新标准英语高中必修一必修二中的语法有哪些
有直接引语变间接引语，定语从句（限制性定语从句与非限制定语从句）——必修一，被动语态（将来时，现在完成时，现在进行时的被动——必修二
Ⅶ 高一英语必修一必修二语法归纳
主要语法有；引语，应该注意，当把直接引语变成间接引语时，主语回要随着语景进行逻辑变答化；而谓语的变化是最重要的，要把现在的时态变成相应的过去时态。如果直接引语是一般过去时，就要变成过去完成时。如果直接引语是一般将来时，就不变。还有几种情况不变的；直接引语叙述的是客观真理，直接引语里有一个非常具体的时间状语，如；in
1998等，也不变。再就是时间状语，地点状语都有些变化，你要看书后的列表。还有各种句型在变间接引语时要注意的问题。
定语从句；由关系代词引导的定语，要注意两条；先要看先行词是什么（人/物），再要看在从句里作什么，也就是充当什么成分，最后决定用什么关系代词。以上是一册里的语法。
第二册有，关系副词引导的定语从句，关键也要记住上边
提到的两条。还有被动语态。主要是谓语动词的变化，最基本的是；be加过去分词，各种时态都是在be上变化。其实高一真没有太多太难的语法，多看看书，一定能学好。祝你成功！
Ⅷ 人教版必修二英语语法知识点
高一英语必修一语法要点
一． 一般现在时
1. 表示主语现在所处的状态及其所具备的特征、性格、能力等
例如：I am a girl.
2. 表示习惯性、经常性的动作
例如：I usually go to bed at 9:00.
3. 标志性的词语
Always often sometimes now and then
4. 若助于为第三人称单数（he she it）则动词要用单三现
二． 现在进行时
1． 说话时正在进行的动作
例如：I am reading.
2.表示即将发生的动作，多用于go come start leave return arrive stay fly等词语之中，句子中常常有时间状语
例如：The plane is going to Beijing.
3.当句子中出现了always 、forever 、constantly 、continually 、
All the time等
例如：I am always thinking of you.
三． 倍数比较
1.A+系动词+倍数词+as+ adj \adv的原型+as+B
例如：The class is twice as big as that one.
2.A+系动词+倍数词+adj\adv的比较级+than+B
例如：The class is twice bigger than that class.
3.A+系动词+倍数词+the size\amount(数量)\ength\width\height
\depth\+of+B
例如：The class is twice the size of that class.
四． With的复合结构
1． With+宾语+宾语补足语
宾语补足语根据逻辑意义的不同可以是不同的词语，如形容词、现在分词、过去分词、副词、介词短语、不定式等，with在复合结构中常作状语
2.常用结构
○1with+宾语+doing
表主动与进行
例如：Tom was quite safe with Lucy standing behind him.
○2with+宾语+done
表被动与完成
例如：With all things she need bought,she went home.
○3with+宾语+to do
表将来
例如：With so many thing to deal with.
五． 现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时
1．基本表达式（I have been doing ）
I/ we/ you/ they have been doing sth.
he/ she/ it has been doing sth.
2．表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中国有2000年的造纸历史。（动作还将继续下去）
I have been learning English since three years ago.
自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。（动作还将继续下去）
3．表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。
We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
我们已经等你半个钟头了(人还没到，如同在电话里说的，还会继续等)
4．有些现在完成进行时的句子等同的句子。
例如：They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years.
他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。
I have been working here for five years.
I have worked here for five years.
我在这里已经工作五年了。
5．大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。
例如：I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去）
我一直在写一本书。
I have written a book.（动作已经完成）
我已经写了一本书。
They have been building a bridge.
他们一直在造一座桥。
They have built a bridge.
他们造了一座桥。
6．表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。
例如：I have known him for years.
我认识他已经好几年了。
I have been knowing...
这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有：love爱，like喜欢， hate讨厌，等。
注意：比较过去时与现在完成时
1．过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2．过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
不确定的时间状语
3．现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
例如： I saw this film yesterday.
（强调看的动作发生过了。）
I have seen this film.
（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
Why did you get up so early?
（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
She has returned from Paris.
她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday.
她是昨天回来了。
He has been in the League for three years.
(在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years.
(是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
六．过去完成时
1． 概念：表示过去的过去
其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2． 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3．过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
例如：He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
七．现在完成进行时
1．其构成形式如下：
I / we / they have been + 动词的现在分词
He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词 功用如下：
2． 表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动，如：
Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.
Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
3．表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动，如：
It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下)
Jack hasn’t been feeling very well recently.
4． 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动，如：
She has been playing tennis since she was eight.
5． 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响，而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身，如：
Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.
The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.
注意：
现在完成时有否定结构、而现在完成进行时没有否定结构。 现在完成时态可表示做完的时期以及已有的经验、但现在完成进行时不可以 现在完成进行时的否定结构 现在完成进行时有时也可用否定结构。
如： Since that unfortunate accident last week, I haven’t been sleeping at all well. 自从上周发生了那次不幸事故之后，我一直睡得很不好.
He hasn’t been working for me and I haven’t has that much contact with him. 他并没有给我工作过，我和他没有过那许多接触。
6．否定句构成：
主语+has/have+not+been+现在分词
7．一般疑问句构成:
Have/has+主语+been+现在分词+其他好好努力吧！