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英语八下语法知识点总汇

发布时间:2020-12-29 21:10:39

『壹』 英语八年级下册 主要语法知识点

直接引语和间接引语
1.直接引语 直接引用别人的原话叫做直接引语,直接引语通常置于引号内(“引用原话”)。
—“What is it all about?”
—“究竟是什么事呢?”
—“Nothing serious, just a storm in a teacup.”
—“没有什么,大惊小怪而已。”
2.间接引语 用自己的话转述别人的意思,或引用自己说过的话,
都叫做间接引语。间接引语多数用宾语从句来表达。
Mary said that she received a sugar report this morning.
玛莉说她今天早上收到了一封情书。
He said that his hands were quite full at that moment.
他说那时他忙得不可开交。

过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。其形式为was /were + V-ing。常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如:last night, last Saturday等;或者与when, while, as引导的过去时间状语连用。
基本用法
1. 过去进行时的基本用法主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。
如:He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。
2. 用过去进行时表示现在主要是为了使语气委婉、客气。
如:I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知你能否让我搭一下车。
【注】一般过去时也有类似用法,但比较而言,用过去进行时显得更客气,更不肯定。
3. 过去进行时表示感情色彩与现在进行时相似,过去进行时也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩,也通常与 always, forever, continually等副词连用。
如:They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。
4. 动词be的过去进行时
动词be的进行时也可表示过去一时的表现或暂时的状态。
比较:He was friendly. 他很友好。(指过去长期如此)
He was being friendly. 他当时显得很友好。(指当时一时的表现)
补充:when 的后面加一般过去时,而且动词是不延续性动词。 while 的后面加过去进行时,动词是延续性动词。

特殊用法
1、当句子意思很清楚时,我们也可以把两个动词都换成一般过去时
We listened carefully while the teacher read the text.
老师读课文时,我们都仔细地听着。
2、表示按计划、安排过去将要发生的事。用于come, go, leave, start, arrive等表示位置转移的动词时,也可以用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。
如:He told me that he was going soon.
他告诉我他很快就要走了。
3、表示故事发生的背景。
It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front.
那支医疗小组往前线行进时,天正下着雪。
4、表示一个新的动作刚刚开始。
过去进行时可用来引出一个新的动作,这种用法颇有点儿像镜头转换。
Five minutes later, he stood in the doorway smoking a cigarette.
5分钟后,他已站在门口抽着烟。
5、过去进行时还可和when结构遥相呼应,含有意外之意。
I was walking in the street when someone called me.
我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。
6、用来陈述原因或用作借口。
She went to the doctor yesterday. She was having a lot of trouble with her heart.
她昨天去看病了。她患了很严重的心脏病。
7、与always, constantly等词连用,表示感情色彩。
The girl was always changing her mind.
这女孩老是改变主意。

常用的时间状语
this morning, the whole morning, all day ,yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while ,at that time,.just now,a moment ago My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself; It was raining when they left the station;吗 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.

『贰』 八年级下册英语复习资料(主要是语法方面)谢啦

八年级(下)U1——U3知识点总结

Unit 1 Will people have robots?
本单元词组及固定表达:
1. fewer people 更少的人(fewer修饰名词复数,表示否定)
2. less free time 更少的空闲时间(less修饰不可数名词,表示否定)
3. in ten years 10年后(in的时间短语用于将来时,提问用How soon)
4. fall in love with… 爱上…
例:When I met Mr. Xu for the first time, I fell in love with him at once
5. live alone 单独居住
6. feel lonely 感到孤独(比较:live alone/go along等)
The girl walked alone along the street, but she didn’t feel lonely
那女孩独自沿着街道走,但她并不感到孤独
7. keep/feed a pet pig 养一头宠物猪
8. fly rockets to the moon 乘火箭飞到月球
9. hundreds of +名词复数 数以百计的(估计表达,类似还有thousands of; millions of)
10. the same as 和……相同
11. A be different from B A与B不同(=There is a difference/There are differences between A and B)
12. wake up 醒来(wake sb. up表示 “唤醒某人” )
13. get bored 变得厌倦(get/become是连系动词,后跟形容词如tired/angry/excited等)
14. go skating 去滑冰(类似还有go hiking/fishing /skating/bike riding等)
15. lots of/a lot of 许多(修饰可数名词、不可数名词都可以)
16. at the weekends 在周末
17. study on computers 通过电脑学习
18. agree with sb. 同意某人(的意见)
19. I don’t agree. = I disagree. 我不同意
20. on vacation 度假
21. help sb with sth/help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事
22. many different kinds of goldfish 许多不同种金鱼
23. live in an apartment 住在公寓里/
24. live on the twelfth floor 住在12楼
25. live at NO.332,Shanghai Street 住在上海路332号
26. as a reporter 作为一名记者
27. look smart 显得精神/看起来聪明
28. Are you kidding? 你在骗我吗
29. in the future 在将来/在未来
30. no more=not …anymore 不再(强调多次发生的动作不再发生)
31. no longer=not… any longer 不再(强调状态不再发生)
32. besides(除…之外还,包括)与except =but(除…之外,不包括)
33. be able to与can 能、会
(be able to用于各种时态,而can只能用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态中)
例如: I have been able to/will be able to speak two languages. (不可以用can)
34.have to用于各种时态,而must只能用于一般现在时态
l 例如:will have to/ had to stay at home. (不可以用must)
35. on a piece of paper 在一张纸上(注意paper/information/news/work/homework/housework等为不可数名词)

本单元目标句型:
1. What do you think life will be like in 1000 years?
2. There will be fewer trees、more buildings and less pollution in the future.
l fewer; less表示否定之意,分别修饰可数名词和不可数名词;more二者都可以修饰。
3. Will kids go to school? No, they won’t/Yes, they will

本单元语法讲解:
一般将来时
一, 含义:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
二, 句型:
1, 主+will+do/be
2, 主+am/is/are+going to+be/do
三,标志词:
1.含tomorrow; next短语; 2.in+段时间 ; 3.how soon;
4.by+将来时间; 5.by the time sb.do…
6.在时间/条件状语从句中, 如果从句用一般现在时, 主句用将来时(见Unit 5)

Unit 2 What should I do?
本单元词组及固定表达:
1. too loud 太大声
2. out of style 过时的
3. in style 流行的
4. call sb up=ring sb.up=call/ring/phone sb. 给…..打电话
5. enough money 足够的钱(enough修饰名词时不必后置)
6. busy enough 够忙 (enough修饰形容词或副词时必须后置)
7. a ticket to/for a ball game 一张球赛的门票
注意:the key to the lock/the key(answer)r to the question)/the solution to the problem .此处几个短语不能用of表示所有格
8. talk about 谈论
9. on the phone 用电话
10. pay for 付款
11. spend…on +sth./spend...( in) doing sth. 在…花钱
12. It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花…的时间
13. borrow …from 从….借( 借进来)
14. lend…to 把…借给(借出去)
15. You can keep(持续性动词) the book for a week
你可以借这本书一周。(不用borrow或lend)
16. buy sth for sb 为……买东西
17. tell sb to do /not to do sth.sth 告诉某人做/不要做某事
18. want sb. to do sth.=would like sb. to do 想让某人做某事
19. find out 发现;查清楚;弄明白
20. play one’s video 放录象
21. fail the test=not pass the test 考试不及格
22. fail in (doing) sth… 在...上失败,变弱
23. succeed in (doing) sth 在...方面成功
24. write sb a letter/write to sb. 给某人写信
25. surprise(动词) sb. 使某人吃惊(类似有:surprise/interest/please/amaze+某人)
26. to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是…..
27. to one’s joy 使某人高兴的是…..
28. look for a part-time job 找一份兼职的工作(不一定有结果)
29. get/find a part-time job 找到一份兼职的工作(有结果)
30. ask sb. for… 寻求/向某人要某物
31. have a bake sale 卖烧烤
32. argue with sb = have an argument with sb. 与某人争吵
33. have a fight with sb.=fight with sb. 与某人打架
34. drop off 离去;散去;逐渐减少;死去
35. prepare for…=get ready for… 为…做准备
36. after-school clubs 课外俱乐部
l be/get used to doing 习惯做某事
l used to do 过去经常/常常做某事
l be used for doing=be used to do sth. 被用于做某事
37. fill… up 填补;装满…
38. return sth. to sb.=give sth. back to sb. 把某物归还给某人
39. get on /along well with 与…相处很好
40. all kinds of 各种各样
41. as much as possible=as much as possible 尽可能多
42. take part in=join in 参加(某种活动/集会)
43. a bit =a little 一点儿(当修饰形容词或比较级时)
44. a bit of =a little 一点儿/一些(当修饰不可数名词时)
45. be angry with… 生…的气
46. by oneself+on one’s own 某人自己/独自地
47. on the one hand 一方面
48. on the other hand 另一方面
49. I find/feel/think it difficult to do... 我发现/感到/认为做某事很难(形式宾语句)
50. see/hear/watch sb. doing sth. 看到/听见/注视某人正在做…(感官动词用法)
51. not…until 直到…才(谓语动词一般是非延续动词时才用否定)
52. 表示某人情绪有关的形容词用法:
be/become+ upset/tired/excited/interested/worried/surprised/amazed/annoyed
说明:当主语是某人时,注意后面的形容词一般是-ed结尾的单词,而当主语是某物时或修饰名词时,注意后面形容词一般是-ing结尾单词.)
例如:I was surprised/interested/amazed when I heard the surprising/interesting/amazing news.

本单元目标句型:
1. What’s wrong(with you)?/What’s the matter? 你怎么了?
2. What should I do? 我该怎么办?
3. You could write him a letter. 你可以给他写封信.
4. You should say sorry to him. 你应该给他道歉.
5. They shouldn’t argue. 他们不应该争吵.
6. Why don’t you talk to him about it?
=Why not talk to him about it?=You should/could talk to him about it.
=What/How about talking to him about it.=You’d better talk to him about it.

本单元语法讲解:
情态动词 could 和should 的用法:
一,could 的用法
could 为can 的过去式,后接动词原形,否定形式为couldn’t,其用法如下:
1.表示过去的能力。通常只表示过去一般性能力,即过去想做某事就随时可以做某事的能力。
例:I could jump higher when I was young. 当我年轻时,我可以跳得更高些。
2.表示推测、可能性,意为“可能”。可以用于对过去、现在或将来的推测,且可用于各种句型(肯定句、否定句、疑问句)。而can表推测,通常只用于否定句和疑问句中。
例:You could be right, but I don’t think you are. 你可能是正确的,但我并不认为你正确。
3.表示许可、委婉地提出要求、给出建议。此时could 与can无时态上的差别,它并不表示过去,而是表示一种更委婉的语气。
例: Could I use your umbrella? 我可以用一下你的雨伞吗?
You could be more careful. 你可以再仔细些。
二,should 的用法
should 是情态动词shall 的过去式,后接动词原形,否定式为shouldn’t, should 有如下用法:
1. 表示义务、忠告,用于委婉的提出建议、给予劝告,意为“应当,应该”。
例:You should see a dentist at once. 你应该立刻去看牙医。
We should be early for school. 我们应该早早去上学。
2. should 也可以表示一种推测、推论,意为“应当,应该”。
例: My uncle should be at home now.我叔叔现在应该在家里。
4. should 用于第一人称的疑问句形式,用于询问对方意愿、征求对方意见,与shall 用法相似,但语气更委婉。
例:Should I open the window? 我可以开窗户吗?
What should we do now? 我们现在该怎么办呢
Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?
本单元词组及固定表达:
1. in front of 在……的前面(外部)
2. in the front of 在……的前面(内部)
3. in the library 在图书馆
4. get out of/get into 出……之外/进入
5. sleep late 睡懒觉
6. sleep well 睡得好
7. get to sleep 睡着
8. walk down/along 沿……走
9. take off (飞机)起飞;脱下(衣、帽)
10. on Sunday evening 在星期日晚上
注意:(特指某日如星期、假日、某月某日或某个特定的上、下午、晚上用on)
11. in the tree 在树上(指树之外的人或物)
12. on the tree 在树上(指树本身生长的东西)
13. take photos 照相
14. at the train station 在火车站
15. run away 跑开,逃跑
16. as+形容词/副词原形+as 和…一样…
例如: She is (not) as beautiful as her sister. I can run as fast as he(him)
17. buy/draw/make sth. for sb. 为某人买/画/制作某物
18. walk home 走回家
19. in history 在历史上
20. for example 例如
21. in the city of 在……市
22. on the playground 在操场上
23. ten minutes ago 十分钟前
24. take place 发生(强调必然性)
25. happen to sth./sb. 发生(强调偶然性)
例如:What has happened to you?=What’s the matter with you?=What’s wrong with you?
26. of course=sure=certainly 当然
27. all over the world=around the world 遍及全世界
28. outside/inside the station 在车站外/内
29. next to 相邻,紧贴
30. close to 接近于;在附近
31. be ill in hospital/bed 生病住院/在床
32. hear about/of 听说(间接听到)
33. in silence 沉默不语
34. It is+形容词+(of/for sb.)+to do sth 形式主语句
本单元目标句型:
1.What were you doing when I arrived/at that time/at 8:00 last night/from 9:00 to 10:00 yesterday?
2.I was doing sth. When+一般过去时的时间状语从句...
3.How about... / What about...?
4.While sth./sb. was doing sth., I was doing sth....
5.What were you doing when the UFO landed?
当不明飞行物着陆时,你正在干啥?
6.While my mother was cooking ,I was watching TV.
当妈妈正在做饭时,我在看电视。

本单元语法讲解:
过去进行时
1,含义:表示过去某一个特定时间正在发生的动作。
2,句型: 主+ was/were +动ing
例A:She was doing her homework at 8:30 yesterday evening.
(昨天傍晚八点半她正在做家庭作业。)
例B:We were having supper at that time.
(那个时候我们正在吃晚饭。)
3,标志:
1) then = at that time(那时,当时);
2) this time +过去的时间;
3) at+几点钟+过去时间;
4) from +几点钟+to+几点钟+过去时间
5) When和While引导的时间状语从句
二,When和While引导的时间状语从句:
1,when:
1) When+时间状语从句(用一般过去时),主句(用过去进行时)。
2) 主句(用过去进行时)+ when+时间状语从句(用一般过去时)
例如:When I got up this morning, Mother was preparing breakfast in the kitchen.
今天早上我起床时妈妈正在厨房里准备早餐。
2,while:
1) While+时间状语从句(用过去进行时), 主句(用一般过去时/过去进行时).
2) 主句(用一般过去时/过去进行时)+ while+时间状语从句(用过去进行时)
例如:While she was cooking in the kitchen, Mike rang her up.
当她正在厨房做饭时,Mike给她打电话。

先把《八年级(下)U1——U3知识点总结》发给你,如果觉得这份学习资料对你有帮助,在评为最佳答案后,请用网络Hi联系我,我会把剩下的U4——U10的知识点总结发给你^_^

『叁』 初二英语语法知识点整理

中考重点句型
一、常使用动词不定式的短语
1、It’s time to do sth.\ It’s time for sth
该作某事的时候了.
2、can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待要作某事
3、ask /telle sb. (not ) to do sth.
要求/告诉某人(不)作某事
4、allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人作某事
5、be supposed to do sth. 应该作某事
6、Would like /want (sb.) to do sth. 想要作某事
7、have sth/nothing to do 有…时要做/与…无关
8、find it +adj. to do sth. 发觉作某事…
9、prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
宁愿作某事,而不愿作某事
10、It’s +adj. for sb. to do sth.
作某事对某人来说…
11、It’s better /best to do sth. 最好做某事
12、It takes sb. sometime. to do sth.
某人做某事用了一些时间
二、常用动名词的短语
1、 enjoy /like /love doing sth. 喜欢做某事
2、 keep /keep on /carry on / go on doing sth.
继续做某事
3、feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
4、practise doing sth. 练习作某事
5、give up doing sth. 放弃作某事
6、be good at= do well in\on doing sth. 擅长作某事
7、pay attention to doing sth. 注意作某事
8、what about/ how about doing sth.
….怎么样(好吗)?
9、Thank you for doing sth. 为…感谢某人
10、mind doing sth. 介意作某事
11、be used for doing sth./ be used to do sth. 、
被用来作某事
12、spend …(in) doing sth. 花时间作某时
13、be busy doing/ with sth. 忙于作某事
14、finish doing sth. 作完某时
15、look forward to doing. 盼望做某事
16、prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢…胜过…
17、be/get used to doing sth. 习惯作某事
18、keep / stop/ prevent sb. from doing sth.
阻止某人作某事
三、省略动词不定式的短语
1、一看二听三使役
see/ hear/ feel/ notice/ look at /listen to sb. do sth.
看见/听见/感觉/注意某人作某事
make /let /have sb. do sth. 使/让某人做某事
2、help sb. (to) do sth/ with sth.帮助某人作某事
3、 had better (not) do sth. 最好(不)做某事
4、 Why don’t you/ not do sth.为什么不作某事
5、Would /Will / Could you please (not) do sth.
请你(不)作某事好吗?
四、 同义词比较
1、 stop to do sth. 停下正在做的事去作另一件事
stop doing sth. 停止正在作的事
eg. When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped talking. After he worked for an hour, he stopped to have a rest.
2、 forget / remember to do sth.
忘记/记得要去作某事
forget / remember doing sth.
忘记记得曾经做过某事
eg. Please remember to bring my book to school.
I remember doing my homework
3、 used to do sth. 过去常常作某事
be used to do sth. 被用来作某事
be used to doing sth. 习惯于作某事
eg. My father used to smoke.
Wood is used to make paper.
I am used to getting up early.
4、So +be/助动词/情态动词 + 主语
…也一样
So +主语+be/助动词/ 情态动词
是呀,表示赞同别人的观点
Neither + be /助动词/ 情态动词+主语
…也不一样(用于否定句)
eg. He has been to Beijing. So have I.
It’s a fine day. So it is.
She doesn’t like eggs. Neither do I.
5、 too…to do sth. 太…而不能…
so +adj. /adv + that(从句) 如此…以致…
such +(a/an +adj.)+n.+ that(从句)
如此…以致…
(not) enough (for sb.) to do sth.
(对某人来说)做某事(不)够
eg. The boy is too young to go to school.
The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school.
The boy is not old enough to go to school.
五、常考知识点
1、keep +adj. 保持…状态
keep (sb.) doing sth.
继续做某事/使某人老是做某事
eg. Everyone should keep our classroom clean.
It’s too late, but he still keeps working.
Lily always keeps us waiting for her.
2、make+ sb. + n. 使某人成为
make + sb. + adj. 使某人…
make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
Sb. be made to sth. 某人被迫做某事
eg. We made Peter our monitor.
Books make us happy.
He often makes me laugh.
The workers were made to work 12 hours a day.
3、I don’t think that 我认为…不
eg. I don’t think you are right.
4、It’s /was/has been+ some time +since+一般过去时… 自从…以来有多久了
eg. It has been two years since we met last time.
6、 What do you mean by?=What does .. mean?=what is the meaning of...?
是什么意思?
eg. What do you mean by “computer”?=What does “computer” mean?=what is the meaning of "computer"?
7、 What do you think of…/How do you like …?
你认为…怎么样?
eg. What do you think of this film /How do you like this film?
8、 What is/was/will …be like? ..怎么样?
eg. What is the weather like?
What will the life in the future be like?
9、 It’s said/ reported that… 据说/据报道
It's well known that 众所周知
It's thought that 大家认为
eg. It’s said that the population of the word would be 6 billion in 2050.
10、one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数
…其中之一
eg. Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.
11、neither…nor… 既不…也不(两者都不)
either…or…要么…要么/或者…或者/不是…就是
not only…but also… 不但…而且
以上三个词做主语时,要用就近原则
eg. Neither you nor he has been to the USA.
Either he or you go to the park.
Not only my mother but also my father is a teacher.
neither of 两者都不
either of 两者选一
none of 没有一个
以上三个做主语时,谓语动词用单数
All of 全部 Both of 两者都
以上二个做主语时,谓语动词用复数
12、比较级+ than +any other +名词单数
…比其余任何一个…
比较级+ than + the other+名词复数
eg. Shanghai is bigger than any other city=shanghai is bigger than the other cities in China.
13、When(当…的时候), if (如果), as soon as(一…就), until(直到…才), unless(除非/如果…不)这几个词引导的时间或条件状语从句时,主句要用一般将来时.
从句一般现在时
eg. I will call you when he comes.
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will have a picnic.
As soon as I get to Beijing, I’ll come to see you.
He won’t go to bed until his parents come back.
Unless you work hard, you won’t catch up with others.

『肆』 初中英语知识点,重点语法总结

一般现在时 do
一般过去时 did
一般将来时 will do
现在进行时 is(am are)doing
过去进行时 was(were)doing
一般过去将来时 would do
过去完成时态 had done
现在完成时 have(has)done
一、 一般现在时
1、定义 表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态,如能力、特征、性质、身份等。
2、构成 1) be --- is, am, are 2) 实意动词用原形表示 (注意当主语为第三人称单数时,动词 + s或 + es)
句型转换 1) 情态动词,联系动词提前或直接在其后加 not 2) 实意动词加do/ does或don't/ doesn't
3、用法 1) 表示经常性的、习惯性的或永久性的动作,常与 always, usually, often, sometimes, every day,
twice a month等连用. e.g. Does he usually go to school on foot?
2) 表示存在的状态,常用动词 be, have, love, like, know, see, hear, think, have, belong to 等。注意这些
动词一般不用被动语态. e.g. He doesn't like music.
3) 表示不受时间限制的客观事实或普遍真理. e.g. The earth goes round the sun.
二、一般过去时
1、定义 表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,可能是一次的,也可能是经常的,动作已完成。
2、构成 1) be – was,were 2) 实意动词用过去式来表示,没有人称和数的变化。
句型转换 1) was, were 提前或直接加 not 2) 实意动词加did或didn't(动词改为原形)
3、用法 1) 表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去的时间状语连用 yesterday , last Friday, in 1994, an hour ago, a moment ago, last November, before 1997, on December 26, 1976. yesterday morning.
2) 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 When I was in the university, I did morning exercises every day.
3) had(have的过去式)当“有”讲时,构成疑问和否定有两种形式,其他词义同实意动词。
Did you have no friends? He hasn't enough time.
My father doesn't have lunch at factory. (不用 haven't) Did you have a good time?
三、一般将来时
1、定义 表示将来某一时间内要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如tomorrow, today, this week, next week, next month, next year, next Wednesday, from now on, in a year, in the future
2、构成和用法1)shall (第一人称)和will (所有人称) + 动词原形, 缩写为 “'ll”,否定缩写为shan't, won't。
2) be going to do,常用于口语,表示打算去做的事和可能要发生的事。 It's going to rain.
3) is/ am/ are about to do...when...表马上要发生的事,不与时间连用。I was about to leave when it rained.
4) be to do sth. 按计划或职责、义务要求必须做的事或即将发生的动作。
5) 终止性动词come, go, leave, arrive等的现在进行时刻表示按计划,安排或即将进行的动作。
6) 以if, as soon as, when, once, unless等引导的从句的一般现在时表示一般将来时。
四、过去将来时
1、定义 表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
2、构成及用法 should (第一人称)或would (第二,三人称) + 动词原形,常用于宾语从句中。
We asked him where we should have a meeting. 其他用法见一般将来时。
五、现在进行时和过去进行时
定义:现在进行时表示1)现在正在进行的动作 2)现阶段一直在进行,延续性 3)目前阶段临时发生的动作,暂时性。 is/ am/ are + doing
过去进行时表示1)过去某时正在进行的动作 2)过去某段时间正在进行的动作 3)过去瞬间发生的动作。was/ were + doing
Notes:1. 表安排、计划要发生的动作可用进行时表示将来时。这些终止性动词有arrive, begin, come, go, leave, start
2. 现在进行时与always, often等频率副词连用,表示厌烦、赞叹等感情。
3. 在条件从句中,时间状语从句中用现在进行时表示将来进行时。
4. 同理,在表条件、时间状语从句中,用过去进行时表示过去将来进行时,在一些表开始,离开的动词用过去进行时表过去将来时。
用法: 1. 现在完成时表示现阶段完成的动作或存在的状态,动作或状态从过去开始延续到现在,可能终止,
即动作发生在过去强调对现在的影响,与现在有关,常与 already, ever, lately, just, now, recently, yet,
for + 段时间, since + 点时间;in the last/ past three years, so far, by now, up to now/ present等连用
2. 过去时指过去某时或某一段时间发生的动作或存在的状态。指的现在之前的情况,与现在无关
3. 过去完成时指的过去某一时间动作之前发生的动作或存在的状态,“过去的过去”。常用句型:
1) had done + before/ when/ by the time + did 2) did + after/ until + had done
3) had done + by/ up/ since/ till + 过去时间 4) No sooner had + S. + done ... than ... did ...
5) Hardly/ Scarcely had + S. + done ... when ... did ... 6) had meant to do …
Notes: 1. just“刚才”表示刚刚过去,可以看成与说话时间紧密相连,可与现在完成时连用,也可以与过去时连用。但just now“刚才”=a moment ago, 只表示过去时间,只与过去时连用。
2. 一些终止性动词不能用完成时态的肯定句与延续多久的时间状语连用,要用表状态的动词或用动词+介词短语或+形容词的完成式,还可以用it is+多少时间+since的句型。
3. since自从……以来 conj + 从句 prep + 表示“时间点”的名词。for prep.+ 多少时间,表示一段时间。
He has been studying since 3 o'clock/ since 3 hours ago/ since he came. He's been here for five hours.
4. in the past/last+多少时间,表示最近一段时间,用完成时,不用过去时。
5. have been去过某地(不在去过地)have gone到某地去了(不在说话地方)。一,二人称不能用have gone。 6. 在美语中have/ has got = have/ has。
7. hardly...when..., no sooner...than... 引导倒装句,常与过去完成时连用。
8. hope, intend, mean, plan, think, want常用过去完成时表示过去的意图而实际没有实现的情况

『伍』 八年级下册英语学过的所有语法总结!

人教版新目标8年级下英语语法重点
Unit
1
Will
people
have
robots?
重点语法:一般将来时态的应用
Unit
2
What
should
I
do?
重点语法:过去将来时态(将来时态的委婉说法)
Unit
3
What
were
you
doing
when
the
UFO
arrived?
重点语法:过去进行时态
Unit
4
He
said
I
was
hard-working.
重点语法:宾语从句
Unit
5
If
you
go
to
the
party,
you'll
have
a
great
time!
重点语法:if
引导的条件状语从句
Unit
6
How
long
have
you
been
collecting
shells?
重点语法:现在完成进行时态
Unit
7
Would
you
mind
turning
down
the
music?
重点语法:mind
[one's]
doing
sth.
介意(某人)做某事
Unit
8
Why
don't
you
get
her
a
scarf?
重点语法:询问别人为什么要做或者不做某事
Unit
9
Have
you
ever
been
to
an
amusement?
重点语法:现在完成时态
Unit
10
It's
a
nice
day,
isn't
it?
重点语法:反意疑问句
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