Ⅰ 初中英语的语法点有哪些啊
时态抄 一般现在（过袭去）时 现在（过去）进行时 一般（过去）将来时 现在（过去）完成时
从句 宾语从句 定语从句 状语从句
其它 比较级 最高级 形容词副词用法 动词不定式及动名词 名词的单复数及所有格 代词（人称代词、物主代词 指示代词、反身代词 、不定代词 、关系代词、疑问代词） 冠词、连词、介词
情态动词（can /could 等）
There be 句型
还有感官动词 句子结构
再记住固定短语就基本没问题了
Ⅱ 初中英语所有的语法点 最好分册 谢谢!
初中英语语法：
http://my.verycd.com/register/
http://www.sr100.com.cn/czjy/Index.asp
http://www.xe.net/article_view_8244.html
要是上面的还不行的话， 我给你总结了语法搭配（主要是短语）：
a cup of 一杯
a few 一点；一些
a little 有点；少量；稍微
a lot 大量
a lot of 大量；许多
*a must try 不可不尝的（食物）
a number of 若干；许多
a pair of 一双；一对；一副
a set of 一套;一副
a slice of 一片
according to 根据……；按照
across from 在……对过
add … to … 把……加到……上
after all 毕竟
after class 课下
after school 放学后
agree with 同意；赞成；（与某人）意见一致
aim at 瞄准；针对
*alarm clocck 闹钟
all kinds of 各种各样的
all over the world 全世界
all the time 一直；总是
all together 一起；总共
all year round 全年
*amusement park 儿童乐园；游乐场
and so on 等等
argue with 与…吵架
around the world 全世界
as for 至于；关于
as well 也；并；和；同
as well as 也；还；而且
(not) as … as (不)像…一样
as… as possible 尽可能地
ask for 索要；要求
at a meeting 在开会
at home 在家
at least 至少；最少
at night 夜里；晚上
at once 立即;马上
at present 目前；现在
at school 在学校
at that time 那时
at the age of 在…几岁的时候
at the doctor's 在诊所；在医院
at the end of 在…末尾
at the moment 此时；现在
at the same time 同时
*babysit sb 照顾(婴幼儿)
bank clerk 银行职员
*barber shop 理发店；理发厅
*baseball bat 棒球球棒
baseball game 棒球比赛
basketball game 篮球赛
be able to 有能力做某事
be afraid to 害怕去做…
be angry with 对．．．感到生气；愤怒
be bad for 对．．．有害；有坏处的
be from 来自
be going to 将要；打算
be good at 擅长；在……方面做的好
be good for 对……有益；对……有好处
*be in agreement 意见一致
be in bed 上床睡觉
be interested in 对……感兴趣；喜欢做……
be mad at 对……非常愤怒、恼火
be made from 由……制成；由……构成
be off 离开；走开
be proud of 为.…..感到骄傲；为…...感到自豪
*be strict with 对……要求严格
*be supposed to 应该……；被期望（做）……
*be terrified of 害怕……；恐惧……
be used for 用来做……
be used to doing 习惯于做某事
be/get used to … 习惯于……
because of 因为
*begin with 以……开始
*Beijing Opera 京剧
belong to 属于
billions of 数以亿计的；许多的
*boarding school （供学生膳宿之）寄宿学校
break down 损坏；坏掉
break off 突然终止；中断
break the rules 违反规则
bus station 汽车站
bus stop 汽车站
by accident 偶然；意外
by boat 乘坐小船
by bus 乘坐公共汽车
by mistake 错误地
by oneself 靠自己
by the way 顺便说一句
call the police 打电话给警察
call up 打电话
care about 担心；关心
care for 关怀；照顾
cheer up 使振奋；使高兴起来
Chinese-English Dictionary 汉英词典
Chrismas Day 圣诞节
clean out 清除；打扫干净
clean up （把……）打扫干净；梳理整齐;整顿；清理
close to 靠近；接近
come along 出现；陪伴；过来
come down to 到达
come from 来自；从…来
come out 出版；发表
come over to 从一个地方来到另一个地方；过来
come true （梦想等）实现；成为现实
come up with （针对问题等）提出；想出
*communicate with 与…沟通
*complain about 抱怨…
*computer game 电子游戏
*computer programmer 电脑程序设计人；程序师
computer science 计算机科学
*concentrate on 全神贯注；专心于
*conversation practice 对话练习
*credit card 信用卡
cut hair 理发；剪头发
*cut in line 插队；加塞
*cut prices 减价
cut up 切碎
day off 一天的假
deal with 安排；处理
decide on 决定
*department store 百货商店；百货公司
depend on 依靠,依赖
different from 与…不同
disscuss sth 讨论…
*DJ=disc jockey 音乐节目主持人
do chores 做家务
do homework 做作业
do one's best 尽力
do some reading 读书
do some shopping 购物
do the dishs （饭后）洗餐具
do the laundry 洗衣服
do well in 在某方面做得好；擅长
dress up 盛装；打扮；装饰
drop by 访问；拜访
*drop litter 乱仍东西
drop off （口）让…下车；从（交通工具上）下来
each other 彼此；互相
eat out 在外面吃饭
eating habit 饮食习惯
*elementary school 小学
end up 结束；告终
*endangered animal 濒危动物
enjoy doing 喜欢做…；乐于做…
even if 即使；即便
even though 即使；纵然；尽管
every day 每天
*exchange student 交换生
fall in love with 喜爱；爱上
fall into 落入；陷入
family dinner 家宴
far away 远离；遥远的
fashion show 时装表演会
fast food 快餐
feed the dog 喂狗
feel like 感到
feel sick 感到恶心
fill out 填充;填出
fill up 填满；装满；充满
fill with 用……填充
first name 名
*first-aid 急救
first of all 首先；第一
fix up 修理；修补
*flight attendant 机组乘务员
fly kites 放风筝
*flying disk 飞碟
for a while 暂时；一会儿；一段时间
for example 例如；比如
for instance 例如；比如
for the first time 第一次（做某事）
for the reason 因为
*Forbidden City 紫禁城
*French fries 炸薯条
*fried rice 炒米饭
full moon 满月
*furniture store 家具店
game show 游戏节目
get a cold 得感冒
get a good view of 能够清楚地看到……的景色
get a ride 搭车
get along with 与……相处
*get an ecation 受教育
get angry 变得生气
*get annoyed 变得气恼
get back 回来
get good grades 取得好成绩
get in the way of 妨碍
*get inred 受伤
get mad 变疯；变的恼怒
get married 结婚
get on （与某人）相处
get out of 从……出去
get over 恢复；克服（疾病、惊讶、损失等）
get tired 感觉疲惫
get to 到达;开始；着手
get together 聚集
get up 起床
give advice 提建议
give away 分配；分送；赠送
give out 分发；发放
give sb suggestions 给建议
give sb. a ride 让某人搭便车
give up 放弃
go away 离开
go bike riding 骑自行车旅行
go by （指时间）过去；消逝
go camping 去野营
go fishing 去钓鱼
go for 去做；努力去获得
go for a drive 开车兜风
go for walks 去散步
*go hiking 去远足
go home 回家
*go native 入乡随俗
go off （闹钟）闹响
go out 外出
go shopping 去购物
*go sightseeing 去观光旅行
go skating 去滑冰
go swimming 去游泳
go to a movie 去看电影
go to bed 上床睡觉
go to church 做礼拜
go to college 上大学
go to school 去上学
go to sleep 入睡
go to the concert 去听音乐会
go to the doctor 看病
go to work 去上班
go together 相配；调和
*going Dutch 各自付账；AA制
*gold medal 金牌
good idea 好主意
good-looking 好看的；漂亮的
grow up 长大
*hair band 发带
*hair stylist 发型师；美容师
hand out 分发；发放
hang out （俚语）经常出没；闲荡
hardly ever 几乎不
hard-working 努力工作的；勤勉的
have a cold 患感冒
have a favor 劳驾；请您帮个忙
have a fight with 打架/吵架
have a look at 看一看
have a party 举行晚会
have a piano lesson 上钢琴课
have a picnic 去野餐
*have a sore throat 嗓子疼
have concerts 举办音乐会
have fun 玩得高兴
*have opposite views 有不同观点
have to 必须；不得不
head teacher 班主任
healthy food 健康食品；保健品
hear about 听说
help with 在某方面帮助
hold a contest 举办一场比赛
*hold art exhibitions 办艺术展览
hot dog 热狗
hot pot 火锅
how far 多远
how long 多久
how many 多少
how much 多少（接不可数名词）
how often 多久一次
how old 多大年纪；几岁
*hum songs 哼歌
hundreds of 好几百,许许多多
ice cream 冰激凌
*ice hockey 冰上曲棍球
*ice skating 滑冰
ID card 身份证
in a minute 立刻；马上
in a word 一句话;简言之
in class 课上；上课时
in common 共同的；共有的
in different ways 以不同方式
in English 用英语
in fact 事实上
in front of 在…前面
*in general 通常；大体上；一般而言
in good health 身体健康
in hospital 住院
in order to 为了
in public 在公共场合
in search of 寻找；寻求
in silence 沉默地,无声地
in some ways 在某些方面
*in style 时髦
in the end 最后；终于
in the future 将来
in the middle of 在中间；在中央
in the past 在过去
*in the slightest 一点也；根本
in this way 这样
in those days 在当时
*inline skating 纵列式滑冰
instead of 代替；而不是
invite… to… 邀请…去…
jump down 跳下来
*junk food 垃圾食品
keep fit 保持健康
keep out 留在外面；置身于外；不许进入
keep quiet 保持安静
*key ring 钥匙圈
kind of 有点儿；稍微
knock down 击倒；撞倒
knock into 撞上(某人)
*Lantern Festival 元宵节
last name 姓
late to class 上课迟到
later on 以后；随后
laugh at 笑话；取笑（某人）
learn about 了解
learn by heart 记住；背诵
learn from 向……学习
leave for 离开去某地
leave out 忽略；遗漏；排除
*leaving a tip 给小费
leisure time 空闲时间
let … down 使……失望或沮丧
let in 允许进入；允许参加
let know 告知；使知晓
let's=let us 我们（去）……吧！
lie down 躺下
light up 使明亮；照亮
likes and dislikes 好恶;爱憎
listen to 听
living room 起居室；客厅
look after 照顾；照看
look at 看
look for 寻找
look forward to 盼望;期待(某事)
look through 粗略看一遍；浏览；仔细检查
look up 查字典
look up to 尊敬
lost and found 失物招领
lots of = a lot of 许多
*lunar calender 阴历
*main course 主食；主菜
*major in 主修；专研
make … do… 让…做…..
make a decision 作决定；下决心
make a difference 使得结果不同；有重要性
make a living 谋生；以……为生
*make complete sentences 造完整句子
make dinner 做饭
*make flashcards 做抽认卡
make friends with 和…交朋友
make mistakes 犯错；出错
make money 赚钱；挣钱
make noise 发出令人不愉快的声音
make progress 提高
make sb laugh 让某人发笑
make the bed 铺床
*make time for 腾出时间（做某事）
make up 组成；构成
*make vocabulary lists 列词汇表
math book 数学书
*microwave oven 微波炉
*Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节
mix up 混合在一起
moon cake 月饼
more than 超过；多于
most of 大多数
move away 搬走
movie star 电影明星
*musical instrument 乐器
name after 以……命名
*native speaker 说本族语的人
next to 在…旁边
no longer 不再；已不
no problem 没问题
North America 北美洲
not … any more 不再；已不
not at all 根本不；一点儿也不
not really 事实上不是（或不会，没有）
of course 当然
*old people's home 老年之家
*Olympic Games 奥林匹克世界运动会（简称奥运会）
on a farm 在农场
*on display 展览；陈列
on the one hand 一方面
on the other hand 另一方面
on the phone 在通电话
on the weekend 在周末
on this day 在这一天
on time 准时
on top 在顶上
on vacation 在度假
one-way street 单向街道，步行街
*open up one's eyes 开阔眼界
*openning question 开场白；起始句
out of 由……里面向外；在……之外
*out of style 过时的；落伍的
over and over 一遍遍地
P.E.=physical ecation 体育
paper money 纸币；钞票
part-time job 兼职
pass on 把……传给另一个；转移
pay attention to 对．．．注意；留心
pay for 为……而付款
pay phone （投币式）公用电话
pay the bill 付帐；买单
pen friend (pal) 笔友
pencil case 铅笔盒
*pencil sharpener 铅笔刀
phone number 电话号码
*photo album 相集；相册
pick up 捡起;拾起
plan to do 计划做…
play an instrument 演奏乐器
play soccer 踢(英式)足球
play sports 做运动
*play trick on 开……玩笑
play with 与……玩耍
plenty of 很多的；足够的
point at 指向
*polar bear 北极熊
police officer （男或女）警察
police station 警察局；派出所
post office 邮局
pour… into 把…倒入…
prepare for 为……做好准备
*primary school 小学
*pros and cons 赞成与反对
*provide with 给．．．提供；以．．．装备
pull down 拆掉
put … into 把…放进…
put in 放进；插入；进入
put off 推迟；拖延
put on 穿上
put up 展示;张贴
radio station 广播台；电台
*raise money for charity 为慈善募捐
rather than 与其……（不如……）；不是……（而是……）
remind of 提醒；使记起
report card 成绩报告单
return to 回到…
ride one's bike 骑车
right away 立刻；马上
right now 立即；此刻
run away 跑开；迅速离开；逃走
run off 跑掉；迅速离开
run out of （贮存物、供应品等）用尽；缺乏
*sales assistant 售货员
school bus 校车
school day 学校上课日
school night 学生有课的晚上
school party 校会
school play 校园剧
school team 校队
school trip 郊游
*science fiction 科幻小说
seem like 好像…
send… to… 派/送…去…
set off 激起；引起
*set tables 将餐具放在餐桌上
set up 建立；创立；开办
y 握手
show up 出席；露面
small talk 闲聊
snow globe 里面有雪花的球形玻璃器（装饰品）
so far 到目前为止
so... that 以便；致使
soap opera （电台或电视）连续剧
soccer ball 英式足球
some day 来日；将来某一日
some of 一些
sometime 于某时；在某一时间
somewhere 在某处；到某处
sound like 听起来像
space station 空间站；太空站
speech contest 讲演比赛
sports camp 运动野营
sports show 体育节目
*Spring Festival 春节
stand for 代表；表示
start with 以……开始
stay at home 呆在家里
stay away from 与．．．保持距离
stay healthy 保持健康
stay out late 在外面待到很晚
stay up 不去睡；熬夜
stressed out 紧张的；有压力的
study hard 学习努力
suffer from 受……之苦；受……之害
summer camp 夏令营
sweep the floor 清扫地板；扫地
swimming pool 游泳池
table manners 餐桌规矩；席间举止
table tennis 乒乓球
take a day off 放一天假
take a holiday 放假
take a photo 照相
take a shower 沐浴;洗澡
take a taxi 出租车
take a vacation 去度假
take a walk 散步
take after （在外貌、性格的方面）与（父母）相像
take an interest in 对…产生兴趣
take away 拿走；拿开
take care of 照看；照顾
take class 上课
take lessons 上课；听课
take notes 做笔记；做记录
take off 起飞
take out 取出
take part in 参加
take photos 照相
take place 发生
take pride in 对．．．感到自豪
take the subway 乘坐地铁
take walks 去散步
*talent show 才艺表演
talk about 谈论
talk show 谈话节目
telephone number 电话号码
*tennis racket 网球拍
thanks to 多亏了…;幸亏
thank-you note 感谢信
the art of giving 给予的艺术
the day after tomorrow 后天
*the Great Wall 长城
the more… , the more… 越… 越…
the other day 几天以前；前几天
*The Palace Museum 故宫
the same 一样
the same as 与……相同
*The United Kingdom 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国
the United States 美国（简称 the US）
the USA =the United States of America 美国（缩略形式）
the whole day 一整天
*theme park 主题公园
these days 现在；目前
think about 考虑；思考
think of 考虑；认为
think of … as 认为……是……；把……当作……
think up 想出
thousands of 成千上万的
three and a half years 三年半
throw away 抛却；丢掉；扔掉
to be honest （作插入语）老实说；说实在的
to one's surprise 令某人惊奇的是．．．
too much 太多
too……to 太……而不能……
*tour guide 导游
travel abroad 出国旅行
travel to 去…(旅行)
try one's best 尽力做．．．
try to do 设法
turn down 调低声音
turn on 打开（电器）
TV station 电视台
UFO =Unidentified Flying Object 不明飞行物；飞碟
use up 用完；用光；耗尽
used to 过去经常；以前常常
very mnch 非常
*video arcade 电子游戏中心
*video cassette 录象带
VIP = very important person 要人；贵宾
volleyball match 排球赛
wait a minute 等一会儿
wait for 等候;等待
wait in line 排队等候
want ad 招聘广告，征求广告
wake up 醒来
watch TV 看电视
water park 水上公园
*water slide 水滑道
web site 网址
welcome party 迎新会
well known 出名的；众所周知的
what about …怎么样
what kind 什么种类（表示询问）
what time 几点;什么时候
win a prize 得奖
*win an award 获奖
work on 忙于
work out 结局；至最后；结果为
work with friends 和朋友一起学习
World Cup 世界杯足球赛
worry about 担心；忧虑
would like to 想要；愿意
write down 写下；记下
*yard sale 庭院旧货出售；（在卖主家当场进行的）现场旧货出售
year(s) old …岁(年龄)
既然都承诺给200，我就努力帮你总结啦~希望你能满意，呵呵~
Ⅲ 我想要初中三年英语知识点
初一至初三全程英语知识点总结及练习 初一年级（上） 【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语 1. Sit down 2. on ty 值班；上班 3. in English 用英语 4. have a seat 坐下；就坐 5. at home 6. look like 看起来像 7. look at 8. have a look 看一看 9. come on 快点；开始；上演 10. at work 11. at school 12. put on 穿上 13. look after 注意；关心 14. get up 15. go shopping II. 重要句型 1. help sb. do sth. 帮助某人做某事 2. What about…? XX怎么样 3. Let’s do sth. 让我们做某事 4. It’s time to do sth. 5. It’s time for … 6. What’s…? It is…/ It’s… 7. Where is…? It’s…. 8. How old are you? I’m…. 9. What class are you in? I’m in…. 10. Welcome to…. 11. What’s …plus…? It’s…. 12. I think… 13. Who’s this? This is…. 14. What can you see？ I can see„. 你能看见什么 15. There is (are) …. 16. What colour is it (are they)? It’s (They’re)… 17. Whose …is this? It’s…. 18. What time is it? It’s…. III. 交际用语
太多了，我直接给你发网址。
以下是网址，
http://wenku..com/view/7b42447302768e9951e7384a.html
Ⅳ 我想要初中英语的全部语法重点。例如：agree with sb 赞成某人。。我初三，快中考了，
全面系统的语法资料，推荐楼主网络一下奥风英语的 《中考语法完全突破》视版频教程，系统权地看一下，该教程同时配有《记忆大纲》和《精编中考语法专项练习》，学记练三位一体，配套完善，系统全面，又名 中学语法三剑客，高考版，可以说是目前公认最好的语法资料了，不过是不是适合自己还是要亲自检验一下，网络 中考语法完全突破 即可在线收看。
Ⅳ 我想要初中英语的所有知识点
网络文库里有很多。。其实，说句心里话，你不断寻求资料的时间还不如多花在自己学习英语上。我们常常注重收集，却忘了目的。所以，只要一个资料好好把它利用好就够了，真的！加油！
Ⅵ 我想要初中的英语的语法总结~~~~要详细的
1. 形容词的位置：
代名形容词＋数量形容词＋性状形容词＋名词
再细分如下：
1放在冠词前的形容词(all, both, such...)＋2冠词、指示形容词、所有形容词、不定形容词(the, a, an, this, that, your, some, any...)＋3序数(first, second...)＋4基数(one, two...)＋5性质、状态(kind, fine, good...)＋6大小、长短、形状(large, small, big...)＋7新旧、温度(old, new, hot...)＋8颜色(red, blue...)＋9国籍(Chinese, English, Japanese...)＋10材料(iron, brick, stone...)＋11名词、动名词(boy, house...)
2. some和any的用法：
（1）两者修饰可数单数名词，表某一个；任何一个； 修饰可数复数名词和不可数名词，表一些；有些。
〔2）一般的用法：some用于肯定句；any用于疑问句，否定句或条件句。
I am looking for some matches.
Do you have any matches? I do not have any matches.
〔3）特殊的用法：
(A) 在期望对方肯定的回答时，问句也用some。
Will you lend me some money? (=Please lend me some money.)
(B) any表任何或任何一个时，也可用于肯定句。
Come any day you like.
（4）some和any后没有名词时，当做代名词， 此外两者也可做副词。
Some of them are my students.〔代名词）
Is your mother any better?（副词）
3. many和much的用法：
〔1）many修饰复数可数名词，表许多； much修饰不可数名词，表量或程度。
He has many friends, but few true ones.
There hasn't been much good weather recently.
（2）many a:
many a和many同义，但语气比较强，并且要与单数名词及单数形动词连用。
Many a prisoner has been set free. (=Many prisoners have been set free.)
〔3〕as many和so many均等于the same number of。 前有as, like时, 只用so many。
These are not all the books I have. These are as many more upstairs.
They worked like so many ants.
（4）as much等于the same amount of, 表同量和同一事情。
He bought two pounds of sugar and as much tea. 〔同量）
I was not in the least surprised, for I had fully expected as much. 〔同一事情）
（5）many和much之后不接名词时，作为代名词；另外much也可用副词。
Many of them were very tired.
I don't eat much for lunch. 〔代名词）
He is much taller than I. （副词〕
4. (a) few和(a) little的用法：
(1) (a) few用在复数可数名词之前，(a) little用在不可数名词之前。
He took a few biscuits. (=several)
He took few biscuits(=not many)
He took a little butter. (=some)
He took little butter. (=not much)
(2) few可由bardly any或almost no所取代，含否定的意味。
The composition is well written; it has few (=hardly any) mistakes.
Few (=Almost no) men can solve it.
(3) a few相当于some, several, 含肯定的意味。
He has a few (=some or several) friends.
(4) a little和little之间的差别，就和a few和few的差别一样，只是(a) little须修饰不可数名词，表量或程度。
He grows worse; there is little hope of his recovery.
He is not much better, but there is a little hope.
5. 其他的数量形容词：
(1) plenty of, a lot of, lots of均表许多，修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词。
The room contained plenty of (or a lot of or lots of) students.（复数名词）
The room contained plenty of (or a lot of or lots of) furniture.（不可数名词）
(2) a great (or a good) deal of, a large (or a small) quantity of, a large (or a small) amount of, 均表（量）， 修饰不可数名词。
The room contained a great deal of furniture. （不可数名词）
The room contained a good deal of furniture. （不可数名词）
The room contained a large quantity of furniture. （不可数名词）
The room contained a large amount of furniture. （不可数名词）
The room contained a small quantity of furniture. （不可数名词）
The room contained a small amount of furniture. （不可数名词）
(3) a number of “许多；一些”；a great (large, good) number of “许多”，修饰复数可数名词，并且要与复数动词连用。
A number of books are missing from the library.
The number of books from the library is large.
（the number of ＋复数名词←→单数动词）
The room contained a great (or large or good) number of students.（复数可数名词）
(4) enough的用法：
(A) 可接复数可数名词和不可数名词。
There are enough chairs. （可数）
There is enough furniture. （不可数）
(B) 可放在年修饰名词的前后。
We don't have enough time. =We don't have time enough.
(5) hundreds of, dozens of, thousands of, scores of ＋复数可数名词
冠词或数词(one, two...) ＋ (hundred, dozen, thousand, score) 复数可数名词
(6) the rest of “其余的”， 可接复数可数名词及不可数名词，作主词时，接可数名词则用复数动词，接不可数名词则用单数动词。
The rest of the students are absent. （复数可数名词）
The rest of the water was thrown away. 不可数名词）
注：the rest作代名词， 等于 the others， 和复数动词连用。
6. 不可名词量的表示语：
(1) 不可数名词可加表单位的形容片语，表示数的观念。其公式为：
数词＋单位词＋of＋不可数名词
(2) 各类表单位的形容词片语。
(A) 物质名词：
a piece (suit) of armour;
a piece (slice) of cake;
a piece (an article) of furniture;
a piece of jewelry;
a piece (sheet) of paper;
a cake of soap;
a piece (slice) of bacon;
a piece (stick) of chalk;
a bit (blade) of grass;
a piece (strip) of land;
a bit (grain) of rice;
a bowl of soup;
(B) 抽象名词
a word of abuse;
an item (a bit) of business;
an attack of fever;
a bit (an amount) of interest;
a fit of passion;
a piece (word) of advice;
a piece of evidence;
a piece (an item) of information;
a piece (an item) of news;
(C) 自然现象：
a flash of lightening;
a bolt of thunder;
7. 名词种类的表示语：kind of, sort of, type of,
(1) 三者都可接可数名词及不可数名词，其后的冠词a (an)常被省略。
What kind of (a) pencil did you buy?
I don't like that sort of game.
(2) kind of, sort of, type of之前可加a, the, some, any, etc.
I had a kind of suspicion that he was cheating.
(3) 比较下列用法：（加*表非正式用法）
I don't like this (*those) kind of person.
I don't like many (or these) kinds of roses.
I like this kind of flower.
I like flowers of this kind.
I like *these kind of flowers.
I like this kind of roses.
I like roses of this kind. （置名词后更强调种类）
I like roses of these kinds.（置名词后更强调种类）
8. 数词：
(1) 基数(Cardinal numerals)：one, two, three...
(A) 除one接单数名词外，其余均接复数名词。
He has one sister and three brothers.
(B) hundred的后面须加and（但可以省略）。
12,345 = twelve thousand three hundred (and) forty five;
(2) 序数(Ordinal mumerals)：first, second, third...
(A) 序数前面必须附以定冠词。而a second, a third等，则是another的意思。
(B) 日期多用序数。
It's on Friday, the fifth of October (= October the fifth = October 15th).
(C) 序数的简体。
9th = the ninth; 12th = the twelfth; 16th = the sixteenth;
(3) 分数：
(A) 分数的表示法：第一，分子用基数，分母用序数。第二，分子大于2时，分母须加“s”以形成复数。
1/2 = a (one) half; 1/3 = a (one) third; 2/3 = two-thirds; 1/4 = a (one) quarter;
(B) 分数可接与不可数名词；所接的名词是单数，则与单数动词连用，是复数则与复数动词连用。
A third of the peach was bad.
A third of the bananas were bad.
(4) 倍数词：常用的有half, double, treble（三倍）等。
(A) half a, a half, half the ＋名词，表（一半的）。
He ran a half mile in half an hour.
He ran half a mile in half an hour.
I have read half the book.
(B) half还可作名词，代名词及副词。
Two halves make a whole. （名词）
This is half as much again as that. （副词）
(C) 倍数常用的表达法：
(half; double; treble; twice; two times; three times; four times...) ＋定冠词或所有形容词＋名词或所有代名词
I had to pay double (= twice) the usual fare.
That window is three times the size of this.
9. “数词＋名词”结合而成的形容词：
(1) 数词＋名词＝形容词
a five-dollar bill;
two three-hour periods;
the Three-power Conference(三强会议);
(2) 数词＋名词＋形容词＝形容词
a six-year-old boy;
a three-hundred-year-old tree;
注：上述的复合字是以hyphen(-)连结，而且其中的名词要用单数形式。
(3) 名词（无冠词）＋基数＝the ＋序数＋名词
World War Ⅱ= World War Two or the Second World War;
Vol. Ⅰ= Volume One or the First Volume;
Page 4 = page four or the fourth page;
Lesson 6 = lesson Six or the Sixth Lesson;
Chap. Ⅲ = Chapter Three or the Third Chapter;
Charles Ⅰ= Charles the First;
cf. Napoleon the Great = the Great Napoleon;
（这几种用法，非专有名词，可不用大写，但等号两边须一致。〕
(4) “数词＋复数名词”作主词，虽为复数形，但强调单一性，则用单数动词。若强调一个一个的个别数，则用复数动词。
Thirty minutes is sufficient for a good sermon.
Fifty dollars a month is a large sum in our eyes, but is nothing to him.
cf. Ten years have passed since I saw you last.
10. 各种数字的读法：
(1) 年号的读法：
1979←→nineteen seventy-nine or nineteen hundred (and) seventy-nine;
(2) 电话号码；货币的读法：
1023←→one o two three; 1227←→one double two (or two two) seven; $4.25←→four dollars (and) twenty-five (cents);
(3) 小数点的读法：
13.91←→thirteen decimal (point) nine one; 0.23 = nought demical two three;
(4) 算术式的读法：
2+3=5 Two plus three is (equals, is equal to) five.
5-3=2 Five minus three is equal to two.
3×2=6 Three times two is six. or Three by two are six.
9÷3=3 Nine divided by three makes three.
形容词（二〕：
1. 限定用法：形容词紧靠着〔代）名词，直接修饰该〔代）名词。
(1) 前位修饰：
(A) 字尾为en或表比较的形容词，大多只能作限定用法，放在名词的前面。
a wooden leg; earthen ware; his elder sister; the upper room, etc.
(B) 下列这些形容词只有限定用法，没有叙述用法。
upper; former; latter; outer; inner; utmost; mere; only; utter; main; certain; very; live; spare;
(C) 形容词前有so; no; too; how等字时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后。
He could not do it in so short a time.
He is no less remarkable a man than his elder brother (is).
(2) 后位修饰：
(A) 名词之后的数词＋名词＋old; long; high; wide; deep; etc.
a man eighty-five years old; a river two hundred miles long;
(B) 为加强语气或音调美，而将限定形容词放在后面。
He had a face thin and worn, but eager and resolute.
(C) something; anything; everyone; anybody... ＋ 形容词。
I'll tell you something very important.
That's nothing new.
(D) 由形容词子句省略主词和动词而不的过去（或现在）分词或形容词片语。
I have answered all the letters (which were) received (by me).
Alfred was a king anxious for his people's welfare.
2. 叙述用法：形容词作补语，间接地修饰〔代）名词。
He was awake all the night. 〔主词补语）
The noise kept me awake. 〔受词补语）
注：可作限定用法和叙述用法的形容词。
I have many trustworthy friends. 和 All of my friends are trustworthy.
It was a hot and sultry day. 和 The weather became hot and sultry.
3. 作补语的形容词：
(1) be＋形容词＋介系词：由此结合而成的片语，有些等于及物动词。
I am fond of skiing. = I like skiing.
He is afraid of it. = He fears it.
注：其他如：be capable of; be concerned with; be (un)familiar with (to); be late for; be subject to; be worthy of; etc.
(2) 某些已转化为形容词的过去分词，其后通常接at; about; with; in; of等介词。
John is interested in English grammar.
He was surprised at her behaviour.
(3) be＋形容词＋介系词：可接〔代）名词，动名词，或名词子句，但名词子句若是hat子句须省略介词，因that子句不可直接作介词的受词。
She was not aware of the facts.
She was not aware (of) how much her husband earned.
She was not aware that there is danger.
(4) It+ be ＋形容词＋that子句
It is true that she never came.
此类形容词有：certain; likely; obvious; plain; possible; true; etc.
(A) that子句中的假设法。
It is appropriate that he (should) get the post. （should可省略〕
(B) 人称形容词亦可接其他连接词引导的子句。
I'm not sure why he came.
I'm not clear where she went.
4. 有关worth; worth while; worthy的句型 如下:
(A) 主词(含it) + be worth + (动)名词
(B) It(虚主词) + be worth while + 不定词或动名词
(C) 主词 + be worthy + of + (动)名词
主词 + be worthy + 不定词
This book is worth reading. (= It is worth while to read this book. = This book is worthy of reading. = This book is worthy to be read.)
5. like和as: like只能作介词不能作连接词; as则两者都可。
I hoped to succeed as you have (succeeded).
I hoped to succeed like you.
I hope to succeed *like you have. (like作连词是非正式的用法)
冠词 (三)
1. 不定冠词的用法:
(1) a用在子音前; an用在母音前。
An hour
(2) 表同种类的全体, 此时a带有any的意味。
A dog is a faithful animal. (=Dogs are faithful animals.)
(3) 等于one。
I have a sister and two brothers.
(4) 等于the same.
Birds of a feather flock together.
(5) 等于per“每一......”。
We work eight hours a day. Ninety miles an hour;
(6) a = a certain, 表说话者不认识此人。
Do you know a Mr. Smith?
(7) 物质名词或抽象名词加a (an)即成普通名词，
Asparagus is a grass. (a = a kind of) ;
This is a good cloth for summer.
(8) “have (or take) + a + 抽象名词”，与抽象名词的动词形同义。
Let us take a swim. = Let us swim.
2. 定冠词的用法：
(1) 由于上下文的关系, 某名词所指的东西已非常明显, 或已有一定的范围, 该名词应加the。
Shut the door.
Please pass me the caster.
(2) 表该名词的总称。
The cow is a useful animal. (= Cows are useful animals.)
(3) 前面已提过的名词，再度提到时前面加the。
Once upon a time there was a little boy who lived in a cottage.
The cottage was in the country, and the boy lived there all his life.
(4) 用于为片语或子句所修饰的名词之前。
This is the book that I promised to lend you.
(5) 用在宇宙（独一无二）的天体名词之前。
The sun; the moon; the sky; the earth;
(6) 用在方位，方向等名词之前。
The sun rises in the east and set in the west.
(7) 乐器的名称前要加the。
To play the piano (violin, guitar, flute, etc.)
(8) 表示单位的名词前要加the。
Gasoline is sold by the gallon.
Meat is sold by the catty.
(9) 在最高级的形容词或序数(the first...)之前要加the。
Taiwan is the best place to live in.
(10)专有名词在下列情况可加the。
（A）海、河、运河的名称：The Thames; the Bahamas;
(B) 复数形的专有名词: The West Indies; the Bahamas;
（C）船泊的名称: The Queen Mary; the Flying Scotsman; the Comet;
(D) 书报、杂志、经典的名称： the Times; the Central Daily News; the Koran;
(E) 公共建筑、机关的名称: The Ritz Hotel; the Ministry of Ecation;
(F) 国民的总称: the French; the Japanese; the Chinese;
(G) 用在姓氏的复数前指其全家人: The Chens will move to the country.
3. 冠词的省略:
(1) 称呼语之前不加冠词。
Waiter, bring my bill, please.
(2) 家庭称谓如父母兄弟前不加冠词，甚至佣人也都不需加冠词。
Father is out, but Mother is at home.
Cook has made mince-pies for Christmas.
(3) 三餐名称前不加冠词。
Come to dinner (breakfast, lunch) with me.
(4) 运动、游戏、颜色、感官的名词前不加冠词。
He likes basketball.
White is a beautiful color.
Do you play bridge?
Sight is one of the five senses.
(5) 表官职、身份或亲属关系的名词当补语，或作同位语时不加冠词。
He was elected president.
George Ⅵ, King of England.
(6) School; church; hospital等字，指原有的用途时不加冠词，若指建筑物本身或场所时，则要加冠词。
School begins at eight. （school作抽象名词用）
The school stands on the hill. （school指建筑物）
(7) 两个相对的名词并用时不加冠词。
Arm in arm; day by day; man to man; young and old;
副词 (四)(Red修饰Blue)
1. 副词的用法:
(1) 修饰动词: He works hard. He speaks slowly.
(2) 修饰形容词: The flower is very beautiful.
(3) 修饰其他副词: He works very hard.
(4) 修饰名词: Even a child (or Even he) can do it.
(5) 修饰全句: Probably he will come back.
(6) 修饰副词片语: He came exactly at two o’clock.
(7) 修饰副词子句: He started soon after we came.
2. 副词的位置
(1) 副词修饰形容词、副词（片语或子句）时，通常放在前面。
The mountain is very beautiful.
He came long before the appointed time.
(2) 修饰动词的副词
不及物动词 + 副词 She speaks well.
及物动词 + 受词 + 副词 She speaks English well.
(3) 表确定时间或场所的副词, 通常放在句首或句末, 放在句首时语气较强。
She was born in Taipei in 1948.
(4) always, never, often, sometimes, usually等频率副词的位置。
(A) 在一般动词前: They always say so.
(B) 有动词be时,在be动词后: I am always busy.
(C) 有助动词时, 在助动词和本动词间: This job will never be finished.
(5) 置于句首修饰全句: Fortunately he succeeded in the examination.
(6) 同类两个以上的副词须依 (单位较小者 + 单位较大者) 的顺序排列。
He lives at Taichung, in Taiwan, Republic of China.
(7) 有两个以上不同种类的副词修饰语时, 其顺序为: 地点+状态+次数+时间。
She arrived there safely the other day.
3. 时间副词
(1) Time“时候”: 可以用作when的答语, 如: late ( = at a late time), now ( = at this time), presently (= at the present time), then ( = at that time), just, nowadays, today, etc.
I’ve just heard that you are leaving us. ( = at this very moment)
Nowadays, many teenagers have long hair. ( = at the present time)
注: 两个以上表时间的副词须依“单位小的时间＋单位大的时间”排列。
I’ll see you at nine on Monday.
(2) Duration“期间” : 用来作how long的答语，如：
momentarily, temporarily, for many weeks, long, from May till August, etc.
Has he been ill long? Yes, he has been ill since the end of May.
He was away from school (for) four or five weeks.
(3) Frequency“频率”: 用来作how often的答语，可分两种：
(A) 非限定频率：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, ever, etc.
The sun always rises in the east. My brother rarely writes to me.
(B) 限定频率：daily, hourly, monthly, annually, twice, everyday, once, etc.
I have been in Singapore once.
We have English lessons every other day.
注：以上三种时间副词在一起时，其顺序为“期间＋频率＋时间”。
I was there for a day or so every year ring my childhood.
注： Seldom, rarely, never等有否定意义的频率副词置于句首，要将助动词或be动词放在主词之前。
Seldom do we hear such fine singing from school choirs.
4.地方副词: 表示where？的副词，也包括“动态方向”的副词，如：
below, by, down, elsewhere, far, here, home, in, locally, near, off, opposite, out, around, away, back, outward(s), right, sideway(s), upward(s), etc.
(1) 地方副词通常置于句尾，加强语气时可放在句首。
He lives in a small village. They are not there.
(2) 两个地放副词并列时，地方确定的副词在后面，地方不确定的副词在前面。
The children running around upstairs.
(3) 两个以上的地方副词须依“小地方＋大地方”的顺序排列。
Many people eat in restaurants in London.
5. 几个特殊副词的用法：
(1) enough, too,
(A) enough放在所修饰的形容词和副词后面; too放在形容词和副词前面。
She’s old enough to do some work.
She’s too old to do any work.
(B) too...to + 动词“太…而不能”, enough to + 动词“足够可以”(= so...that)
I am too poor to afford such extravagance.
= I am so poor that I cannot afford such extravagance.
You are rich enough to keep a maid.
= You are so rich that you can keep a maid.
(2) very, much,
(A) very修饰形容词，副词； much (或very much)修饰动词。
He spoke very carefully.
It is much talked about these days.
(B) Very修饰原级形容词及副词；much修饰比较级，最高级的形容词及副词。
Your work is very good.
This is much better.
This is much (by far) the best.
(3) already, yet, still,
(A) Already用于肯定句，作“已经”解； yet用于否定句，作“还”解，用于疑问句作“已经”解。
I already like him. (= I have by this time come to like him.)
He can’t drive yet. (= He can’t drive up to this time.)
注：Already用在疑问句或否定句时，表惊讶。
Have you already seen him? (= That was quick.)
(B) Still表动作或状态的持续，作“仍然”解。
I still like him. (= I continue to like him.)
注：Still放在动词前后，有时句意不同。
He is still standing. (continue to stand)
He is standing still. (= standing motionless)
(4)only和 also常随句中位置的变动，句意和语气也会改变。
Only John phoned Mary today.
John phoned only Mary today.
John phoned Mary only today (today only).
(5) just, merely, purely, simply等字放在所修饰的词语之前；
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