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英语非语法句

发布时间:2021-03-02 00:26:09

⑴ 英语语法问题(非限制性定语从句)

可以。因为这个非限制性定语从句比较长。

⑵ 英语中非限制性定语从句,以及比较句型的用法。(需权威回答,专业人士进)

1、语法:
首先声明,研究定语从句的非限制性,前面标注有逗号隔开的这种,都是属于旧语法的范围,新语法里,逗号隔开已经取消,但仍然可以继续使用。(详见英语专业《语言学》和《句法学》)
2、解释:
非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用,缺少也不会影响全句的理解。
非限定性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数
3、例句:
1)甲乙都对
例1中的甲,先行词为marrages
例2中的乙,先行词为2.5million(s)
两句都是正确的,因为先行词都是名词(包括数词),但两句表达的意思不同,定语从句分别作用于marrages和2.5millions,作为二者的定语。
2)甲乙都不对
例2中甲句中的it是不对的,it做为代词来讲,是代替上文提到的同类的同一事物,根据句意,1980年的数字与1970年的数字虽然数值等同,但显然不是一个数字,属于不同一事物。
可以用that来代替,楼上说的是对的,只是没解释清楚为什么用的原因,that作为指示代词,与it的区别,在于,that指代的是同类的不同一事物。
例2中的乙也是不对的,介词to后缺少用来比较的宾语,需要引入指示代词that,来取代前面提到的数字。
表示“等于……”的时候,它的结构为:be equal to sth(n./pron.)而非be equal to 介词短语
4、总结
1)其实,这两个例句牵扯非限制性定语从句的部分,都是正确的用法,用关系代词which来代指物,前后句用逗号隔开,不能省略,并一定要在主句后,紧跟先行词(没有特别要求)。
2)出现问题的部分在于用于比较的宾语,所应用代词的地方,用了it而非that(如例2甲)或是根本就缺少比较的宾语(如例2乙)。介词短语in 1980在这个例句中不能直接作be equal to的宾语,由于涉及比较对象,前面有数字2.5millions,后面却缺少用来指代相同数字的be equal to的宾语。
5、题外话
1)注意看原题,表达250万的时候,句子用了2.5millions,这个形式在旧语法中是错误的,现在也有不少学生纠结于这个问题,到底是million还是millions。
2)其实,在新语法中2.5 million 和2.5millions都是对的,这里是出题人的一个疏漏。
旧语法的概念是:
“数词+million” 表示意思为几百万
只有表达模糊不确定的概念,上百万的时候,million后面才加S,即“millions of+sth”
其实 2.5million 表达的意思是2.5百万,即2.5*百万=250万。
然而 2.5millions表达的意思则是2.5个一百万,即2个一百万(1百万+1百万)+0.5个一百万=250万。
当然,现阶段,还是以旧语法为应试考试的重心,遵循所谓固定搭配,等迈入新的领域时,你就会发现,其实旧语法,只是前人总结,将英语这门语言,定义为具体的公式而已。

⑶ 英语语法,虚拟语气在一般句子(非从句)的用法是什么谢谢!

would/could/should/might+do表示现在或是将来
would/could/should/might+have done表示过去

⑷ 英语 语法 句子

because引导的是前面主句的状语从句,不是后面宾语从句的状语从句

⑸ 英语语法(非翻译)

上面的热心人犯的错不少啊,the 是定冠词而不是什么指定代词(英语里是没有这个名词的)。
one ....the other 是固定的搭配没错,说的是只有两个的情况下“一个....另一个....”,在你的这句话里,因为已经用了形容词性物主代词his 来修饰了,就不要再用the了,而且other本身就有另一个的意思。

⑹ 怎样区分英语语法中的if条件句是真实条件句还是非真实条件句

这个很简单,与现在事实相同的为真实条件句,与现在事实相反的为非真实条版件句.
如:If
he
doesn’t
hurry
up,
he
will
miss
the
bus.
如果他不权快点,他将错过巴士。(这是真实条件状语)
又如:If
there
were
no
air,
people
would
die.
如果没有空气,人就会死亡。(这是非真实条件状语从句)

⑺ 英语:谁能详细讲下非谓动语法

非谓语动词主要包括不定式&动名词&分词(现在分词和过去分词),.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分
它有三种形式:不定式,分词(现在分词、过去分词),动名词
1.非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有:
(1)如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如:
They built a garden.
They suggested building a garden.
(2)都可以被状语修饰:
The suit fits him very well.
The suit used to fit him very well.
(3)都有主动与被动, “体”式(一般式;进行式;完成式)的变化。例如:
He was punished by his parents.(谓语动词被动语态)
He avoided being punished by his parents.(动名词的被动式)
We have written the composition.(谓语动词的完成时)
Having written the composition, we handed it in.(现在分词的完成式)
(4)都可以有逻辑主语
They started the work at once.(谓语动词的逻辑主语)
The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语)
We are League members.(谓语动词的主语)
We being League member, the work was well done.
(现在分词的逻辑主语)
2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有:
(1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
(2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
(3)非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。
(4)谓语动词在句中作谓语,受主语的人称和数的限制;非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,它不受主语的人称和数的限制。在句子中不是谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词 2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有:
(1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
(2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
(3)非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。
(4)谓语动词在句中作谓语,受主语的人称和数的限制;非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,它不受主语的人称和数的限制。 功能及用法 (一)动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
否定式:not + (to) do
(1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后,
例如:
I'm glad to meet you.
(2)进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,例如:
The boy pretended to be working hard.
(3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,例如:
He is pleased to have met his friend.
2.不定式的句法功能:
(1)作主语:
To lose your heart means failure.
动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后,例如上面两句可用如下形式:
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
常用句式有:1、It+be+名词+to do。2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。3、It+be+形容词+of sb +to do。4、It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do。常用careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词,不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。
(2)作表语:
Her job is to clean the hall.
He appears to have caught a cold.
(3)作宾语:
常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如:
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如:
I have no choice but to stay here.
动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如:
He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
(4)作宾语补足语:
在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如:
With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.
有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如:
I saw him cross the road.
He was seen to cross the road.
(5)作定语:
动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系:
①动宾关系:
I have a meeting to attend.
注意:不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,应有必要的介词,如:
He found a good house to live in.
The child has nothing to worry about.
What did you open it with?
如果不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词:
He has no place to live.
This is the best way to work out this problem.
如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者,不定式可用主动式也可用被动式:
Have you got anything to be sent?
②说明所修饰名词的内容:
We have made a plan to finish the work.
③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语:
He is the first to get here.
(6)作状语:
①表目的:
He worked day and night to get the money.
She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.
注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致:
wrong:To save money, every means has been tried.
right:To save money, he has tried every means.
wrong:To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.
right:To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.
②表结果:
He arrived late to find the train gone.
常用only放在不定式前表示强调:
I visited him only to find him out.
③表原因:
They were very sad to hear the news.
④表程度:
It's too dark for us to see anything.
The question is simple for him to answer.
(7)作独立成分:
To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.
(8)不定式的省略:保留to省略do动词。
If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.
(9)不定式的并列:第二个不定式可省略to。
He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.
(二)动名词:
动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能。
1.动名词的形式: Ving
否定式:not + 动名词
(1)一般式:
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
(2)被动式:
He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
(3)完成式:
We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
(4)完成被动式:
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
(5)否定式:not + 动名词
I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。
(6)复合结构:物主代词(或名词所有格)+ 动名词
He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.
他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
2.动名词的句法功能:
(1)作主语:
Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。
Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。
(2)作表语:
In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.
在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵。
(3)作宾语:
They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。
We have to prevent the air from being polluted.
我们必须阻止空气被污染。
注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,如上面两个例句。此外,动名词作宾语时,若跟有宾语补足语,则常用形式宾语it,例如:
We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语:
enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid(避免), excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit(承认),deny(否认), mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk(冒险), appreciate(感激), be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help(情不自禁地), think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…(from),protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like
(4)作定语:
He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。
Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗?
(5)作同位语:
The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密。
His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.
他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。
(三)现在分词:
现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
1、现在分词的形式:
否定式:not + 现在分词
(1)现在分词的主动语态:现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,完成
式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语。例如:
They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。
Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业,他开始打篮球。
(2)现在分词的被动语态:一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作,完成式表示发生在谓语动
词之前的被动的动作。
The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.
被告诉了好几遍,这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。
2.现在分词的句法功能:
(1)作定语:现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语做定语
放在名词后。
In the following years he worked even harder.
在后来的几年中,他学习更努力了。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.
正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能,如:in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.
(2)现在分词作表语:
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。
The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。
be + doing既可能表示现在进行时,也可能是现在分词做表语,它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时,而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。
(3)作宾语补足语:
如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语:
see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如:
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗?
He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。
(4)现在分词作状语:
①作时间状语:
(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
在工厂工作时,他是一名先进工人。
②作原因状语:
Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员,他经常帮助他人。
③作方式状语,表示伴随:
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里,又擦又洗。
④作条件状语:
(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
要是整天玩,你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
⑤作结果状语:
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了,结果摔得粉碎。
⑥作目的状语:
He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。
⑦作让步状语:
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.
虽然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了。
⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格:
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head.
我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.
所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了。
Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.
如果时间允许,我们将做另两个练习。
有时也可用with (without) +名词(代词宾格)+分词形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。
⑨作独立成分:
udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.
从外表看,他一定是个演员。
Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来,女孩子更细心。
(四)过去分词:
过去分词只有一种形式:规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求,要一一记住。
过去分词的句法功能:
1.过去分词作定语:
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。
注意当过去分词是单词时,一般用于名词前,如果是过去分词短语,就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
2.过去分词作表语:
The window is broken. 窗户破了。
They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
注意:be + 过去分词,如果表示状态是系表结构,如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别:
The window is broken.(系表)
The window was broken by the boy.(被动)
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的,不表示被动,只表示完成。如:
boiled water(开水) fallen leaves(落叶)
newly arrived goods(新到的货) the risen sun(升起的太阳)
the changed world(变了的世界)
这类过去分词有:gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。
3.过去分词作宾语补足语:
I heard the song sung several times last week.
上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。
有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语:
With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了,他们出去玩去了。
4.过去分词作状语:
Praised by the neighbors, he became the pride of his parents.
受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲。(表示原因)
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
一旦它被看见,人们就忘不了。(表示时间)
Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.
如果给予更多的时间,我能做得更好。(表示条件)
Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.
虽然被告之有危险,他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。(表示让步)
Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧,他走进山洞。

⑻ 求问英语真实条件句和非真实条件句的详细语法!顺便讲解下!

真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生,其中 if 是如果的意思。
真实条件句
时态关系:
(1)当主句为一般将来时,条件从句用一般现在时表示一般将来的动作。
如:We shall go out when you finish your holiday homework.
(2)当主句为过去将来时,从句用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。
如:I would not go with you if it rained the next day.
(3)现在进行时可在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。
如:Wake me up if I am still sleeping at 7.
(4)当主句为一般将来时,由as soon as,after,before,till/untill,when,if等引出的状语从句常用现在完
成体表示将来完成的动作。
如:I will help you as soon as I have finished my homework.

非真实条件句
1)时态:可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。
a. 同现在事实相反的假设。
一般过去时should( would) +动词原形
If they were here, they would help you. 如果他们在,他们就会帮你了(事实是他们不在)
b. 表示与过去事实相反的假设。
过去完成时 should(would) have+ 过去分词
If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded. 和第一个理解起来差不多,只是一个是
和现在相反,一个是过去相反,必须要看清楚
c. 表示对将来的假想,与现在的现实相反
一般过去时 should+ 动词原形
were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形 should+ 动词原形
If you succeeded, everything would be all right.
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.

大部分取自网上,已经将重点列出来了
非真实条件句又称作虚拟语气,要想熟练操作还是需要多做题目的。

⑼ 英语语法里的非限制性定语从句是什么啊

非限定性定语从句:非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常和主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分 ,that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句
例如:
She asked for his help which he gladly gave. 她要求他帮忙,他愉快地帮助了她。
It was a century ring which the country suffered continuously from wars. 一个世纪过去了,在这期间这个国家不断遭受战乱之苦。
Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。
I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反。
We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。
3. 有时as也可用作关系代词
4. 在非限定性定语从句中,用who, whom代表人,用which代表事物.
5.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。
例如:
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。
6.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,
例如:
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。

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