⑴ 英语语法结构
主语Marilla
谓语was pleased
状语to hear that 从句
to hear...是非谓语动词语法点中不定式表示前面形容词(情绪词)的原因
that是hear的宾语从句
⑵ 英语的语法结构。
后面这句话省略了好多,看起来当然麻烦,我帮你补齐后就简单了:The Bank suspended an unnamed employee on March 5, pending the outcome of an investigation by the bank into whether the employee complied with its internal control processes.
希望可以帮助到你,如果还是不明白,可以再问我。
⑶ 英语中语法那么多那一条最重要
英语语法的确很多,但并非死记硬背方能掌握,英语中最重要的语法是“任何一个句子中只有一套主谓结构”。 不错,在简单句中他是成立的,但是在复合句中,以及在有状语和非谓语动词的长句中同样适用: 简单句就是指只含有一个主谓结构的句子。简单句中有五种常见的基本结构,而且在实际运用的过程中,我们可以给句子的动词加上副词修饰,给名词加上形容词、介词短语修饰,给句子加上状语进行修饰等,以使整个句子的意思变得更加的丰富和充实。但不管如何变,都只有一个主谓结构。如(划线部分都是句子的附加成份): He worked hard all his life. (划线部分在句中作状语,修饰动词worked) He is a school student in No. 1 Middle School. (划线部分在句中作定语,修饰名词student) Having finished his homework, the boy went on to help his mother. (划线部分在句中作状语,修饰整个句子) 并列句就是由并列连词所连接起来的两个简单句。常用的并列连词有:and, or, but, so, while, when等。and用作并列连词,连接两个并列句时,可表示并列关系、递进关系、因果关系。or可以表示并列关系,也可表示因果关系,but表示转折关系,so可表示因果关系。while可表示比较或对比,when 则表示时间,相当于and at that time(就在那时)。如: Work hard, and you will succeed. (and表示因果关系) Hurry up, or you will be late for the film. (or表示因果关系) He is old, but he still works as hard as young people. (but表示转折关系) Mr. Li is generous and outgoing, so we all get on well with him. (so表示因果关系) I earn only 50 dollars a week, while she earns 80 dollars. 我一个星期只赚50美元,而她却赚80美元。(while表示比较、对比) I was going to leave home when the telephone rang. (when表示时间,相当于and at that time) 复合句就是含有两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子。这种结构中,必定有一个主谓结构是句子的主句部分,而另一个主谓结构则是句子的次要部分,即从句部分。常见的从句有:定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等。从句部分一般都有引导词引导这个从句。如: As is known to all, China is getting more and more powerful. (As 引导一个定语从句) What he says doesn’t suit what he does. (本句包含两个名词性从句:What he says 是一个主语从句;what he does 是一个宾语从句) Where there is a will, there is a way. (Where引导一个表地点的英语句子) 两类典型的错误: 英文资料 Fragments: Parts of a sentence that are disconnected from the main clause are called fragments. Example: Incorrect: “We saw the doctor at the party. And his nurse.” Correct: “We saw the doctor and his nurse at the party.” Incorrect: Often visible as smog,ozone, formed in the atmosphere when hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, two major pollutants emitted by automobiles, react with sunlight. Correct: Often visible as smog, ozone is formed in the atmosphere when hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, two major pollutants emitted by automobiles, react with sunlight. Run-on sentences: A run-on sentence is two independent clauses that run together without proper punctuation. Examples: Incorrect: “Jose Canseco is still a feared batter most pitchers don’t want to face him.” Correct: “Jose Canseco is still a feared batter, most pitchers don’t want to face him.” Incorrect: The original building and loan associations were organized as limited life funds, whose members made monthly payments on their share subscriptions and then took turns, they drew on the funds for home mortgages. Correct: The original building and loan associations were organized as limited life funds, whose members made monthly payments on their share subscriptions and then took turns drawing on the funds for home mortgages. 中文资料 一、 句子不完整(Sentence Fragments) 在口语中,交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解。可是书面语就不同了,句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清。 例: There are many ways to know the society. For example, by TV, radio, newspaper and so on. 剖析:本句后半部分"for example by TV, radio, newspaper and so on.",不是一个完整的句子,仅为一些不连贯的词语,不能独立成句。 改为:There are many ways to know society, for example, by TV, radio, and newspaper. 二、 不间断句子(Run-on Sentences) 什么叫run-on sentence?请看下面的例句。 例: There are many ways we get to know the outside world. 剖析:这个句子包含了两个完整的句子:“There are many ways.” 以及“We get to know the outside world.”。又没有连词相连,而是简单地把它们放在一起,这就不允许了。 改为: There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或: There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world.状语从句) There are many types of businesses in a free-market economy. 用了这么多,只是想说英语里至少在我看来最重要、最基本的一个语法规则,这个规则我用一句虽然不严谨(补充说明很严谨)但很容易记忆掌握的语言来表达: 任何一个英语句子,有且只能有一个主谓结构。也即,任何一个正确完整的句子有且只有一个主语,一个谓语。 一个句子如果缺少主语或谓语,那就是fragment错误;如果有多个谓语或主谓结构,那就是run-on错误。 补充说明: (1) 存在没有主语的句子。如祈使句,或省略句,但除此之外,并无例外; (2) 存在没有谓语,甚至没有主谓的句子,但这一定是省略句; (3) 复合句中,可以有多个主谓结构,但只能有一个主主谓结构,也就是只能有一个主谓结构是句子的主干成份,其他的主谓结构一定有连接词或引导词与主句相连,构成主句的一个组成部分; (4) 并列句中,可以有多个主主谓结构,但句子与句子之间,一定要有and等连词连接; (5) 一个句子的主语可以有几个部分组成,但这几个部分之间,一定要有连词连接,谓语、宾语也一样; (6) 对于一切从句,也要符合这个原则。
⑷ 英语的八大语法结构是什么
1.一般现在时:
主语+do/does
e.g
We
clean
the
room
every
day.
2.一般过去时:
主语+did
e.g
We
cleaned
the
room
just
now.
3.现在进行时:
主语+am/is/are
doing
e.g
We
are
cleaning
the
room
now.
4.过去进行时:
was/were
doing
e.g
We
were
cheaning
the
room
at
5:00
yesterday
afternoon.
5.现在完成内时:
have/has
done
e.g
We
have
cleaned
the
room
already.
6.过去完成时:
had
done
e.g
We
had
cleaned
the
room
before
he
arrived.
7.一般将来时容:
will
do/
e.g
We
will
clean
the
room
tomorrow.
8.过去将来时:
was/were
to
/would
do
e.g
He
said
he
would
clean
the
room
next.
⑸ 英语语法 中最基本最重要的部分是什么 英语语法
一楼说得对,“句子成份”和“句子结构”是基础中的基础,说详细点就是“主谓宾”和“定状补”要先搞明白,否则主从复合句根本啃不动.
如有必要,请看参考链接.
⑹ 关于英语中的语法结构(专家进 ..)
这是合来理的,remember
to
do
sth
是记得要做某事源(动作还未发生);remember
doing
sth
是记得做过某事(动作已发生).而remember
having
been
done
是记得。。。已经被做,是现在完成时的被动语态。类似的还有regret
to
do
sth,遗憾要做某事;regret
doing
sth后悔或遗憾做过某事。
⑺ 关于英语的语法结构
太多了,你慢慢看吧
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语等。
顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。
1、主语
主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。
Helikeswatch'ingTV.他喜欢看电视。
2、谓语
谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。
一般可分为两类:
1),简单谓语
由动词(或短语动词)构成。
可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。
Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我们为人民学习。
2),复合谓语:情态动词+不定式
Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以说一点英语。
3、表语
表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当。
Mysis'terisanurse.我姐姐是护士。
4、宾语
宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。
WelikeEng'lish.我们喜欢英语。
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。
Hegavemesom'eink.他给了我一点墨水。
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如:
Wemakehimourmon'itor.我们选他当班长。
5、定语
在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。
用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。
Heisanewstu'dent.他是个新生。
但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。
Thebikeintheroomismine.房间里的自行车是我的。
6、状语
修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。
HelivesinLon'don.他住在伦敦。
7.补语
用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作,因为英语中有些动词加宾语后意思仍然不完整,如:make(使...),ask(请)等等。如果我们说:我们使我们的祖国。这不是一句完整的话。应该说:我们使我们的祖国更美丽。这是的“美丽的(beautiful)”为形容词做补语,说明祖国的状态。英语句子为:We will make our country more beautiful.作补语的词或词组为:形容词,副词,名词,不定式,ing形式,数词等。
8.宾补
就是宾语补足语,就是补充说明宾语的
例:I know you are student good at maths
在这个句子中,good at maths 就是补语。
宾语补语也可以是句子,所以这个句子也可以是:
I know you are student who is good at maths
还可以是-ing 形式
I see you crossing the street
简单说就是补充和说明主语和宾语的成分.因此,就出现了主语补足语和宾语补足语.上面两位举的例子都不错.只是热雪冰冷的宾补的句子例子不是很恰当哦.他的例子是定语从句 啊 还有 主语补足语可以是表语 例如:Tom is a student.student是对Tom的解释与说明. 另外,Tom was seen playing on the playground.这个句子中playing是对Tom的解释说明 是主补
定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分,定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句,结果状语从句,让步状语从句,原因状语从句,条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。
一、 限定性定语从句
1. that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置
2. which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的介词不能丢
3. 代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括all, anything, much等,这时的that常被省略
4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
5. where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句
6. when引导定语从句表示时间
〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.
I still remember the first time I met her.
Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.
7. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格
8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用there is来引导
二、非限定性定语从句:非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常和主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分
2. 在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which
Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。
I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反。
We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。
3. 有时as也可用作关系代词
4. 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用that,而用who, whom代表人,用which代表事物
状语从句
§ 1状语从句的种类
用来修饰谓语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可分为:
1.时间状语从句;(adverbial clause of time)
2.地点状语从句;(adverbial clause of place)
3.原因状语从句;(adverbial clause of cause)
4.条件状语从句;(adverbial clause of condition)
5.目的状语从句;(adverbial clause of purpose)
6.让步状语从句;(adverbial clause of concession)
7.比较状语从句;(adverbial clause of comparison)
8.程度状语从句;(adverbial clause of degree)
9.方式状语从句;(adverbial clause of manner)
10.结果状语从句。(adverbial clause of result)
§2状语从句的时态特点
一般情况下,时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”,用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。例如:
I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我一到北京就给你打电话。(这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句,从句中的谓语动词arrive是一般现在时,表示一般将来时,决不可用will arrive)
As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home. 我一完成此工作,就回家。(从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时have finished,表示将来完成时,决不可用will have finished)
If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回来了,请通知我。(从句中的谓语动词用comes back,表示一般将来时,决不可用will come back)
二 时间状语从句
§3时间状语从句(adverbial clause of time)
1.由when, while, as引导的时间状语从句。例如:
When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.当你以为自己一无所知的时候,你就是在开始知道一些事物了。
When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out , it blows up everything with it.当真理被埋在地下的时候,它在生长,它感到压抑,它蓄存着这么一种爆炸性力量,一旦冒出,它就会炸破一切!
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。
Will you watch my clothes while I have a swim. 我游泳的时候,请你照看一下我的衣服。
You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it. 当你的手在空气中挥动的时候,你就能感觉到空气在流动。
Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.我们的校长边谈边笑。
【区别】when, while和as的区别:when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。例如:
When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时,我在吃饭。(瞬时动词)
When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当的住在农村时,我常常为他担水。(延续性的动词)
We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开,就在那时他进来了。
While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如:
While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词,was reading和was watching同时发生)
I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢打篮球。(对比)
As表示“一边……一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后。例如:
We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。(as表示“一边……一边”)
As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时,开始下雪了。(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪的特定时间)
2.由before和after引导的时间状语从句。注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语,并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后,有时译成“就,才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时,从句总是用现在时;如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时,则主句动词多用过去完成时,这样以便体现动作发生的先后。After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。例如:
It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。
Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。
My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。
They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。
After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后,告诉我你是怎样决定的。
After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后,我们回家了。(从句用过去完成时,主句用一般过去时)
3.由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是:如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同。例如:
I didn't go to bed until(till) my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。
It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。
I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。
I didn't work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。
Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。
4.由since引导的时间状语从句。 since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is +时间+since从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时。例如:
I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来,我一直在北京了。
Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后,你到哪里去了?
It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。
It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。
5.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引导的时间状语从句。这些连词都表示“一……就”。例如:
I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭,我立即到那里去。
The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息,马上赶到了出事地点。
As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大,就给你来电话。
【注意】hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时,主句应用倒装语序。例如:
He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到家,就被邀请开始另一旅程。
No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起,他就起床劳动去了。
Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下,他就进来了。
He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。
6.由by the time引导的时间状语从句。注意时态的变化:在一般情况下,如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,主句的谓语动词用过去完成时;如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时,主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。例如:
By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时,我已经写完这本书了。
By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候,我将已经完成此工作了。
7.由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句。例如:
Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次来哈尔滨,总是来看我。
Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候,我猜想他就要说谎了。
You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你,见你更年轻了。
8.由as long as和so long as引导的时间状语从句。这两个连词表示“有多久……就多久”。例如:
You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. 你可以随意到哪里去,只要在天黑以前回来就行。
I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body! 只要我一息尚存,我就要反对这种境况。
三 地点状语从句
§4地点状语从句 (adverbial clause of place)
地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导,已经形成了固定的句型,例如:
句型1:Where+地点从句,(there)+主句。
【注意】此句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”;主句在从句后面时,there可用可不用;如果主句在从句的前面时,一般都不用there。例如:
Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方,耕作是困难的,或根本不可能的。
They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed. 他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。
You should have put the book where you found it. 你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。
Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中国共产党,哪里人民得解放。
句型2:Anywhere/ wherever+地点从句,+主句。
【注意】anywhere本身是个副词,但是,常可以引导从句,相当于连词,意思相似于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后。 而wherever本身就是个连词,表示“在何处,无论何处”。例如:
Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海员。
⑻ 初中重要英语语法是那些
初中英语语法主要内容有哪些?
1、名词
1可数名词及其单复数;
2不可数名词
3专有名词
4名词所有格
2、代词
1人称代词
2物主代词
3反身代词
4指示代词
5不定代词
6疑问代词
3、数词
1基数词
2序数词
4、介词和介词短语
5、连词
6、形容词
1形容词的基本用法
2形容词的比较级和最高级
7、副词
1副词的基本用法
2副词的比较级和最高级
8、冠词
9、动词
1动词的基本形式
2系动词
3及物动词和不及物动词
4助动词
5情态动词
10、时态
1一般现在时
2一般过去时
3一般将来时
4现在进行时
5现在完成时
6过去进行时
7过去完成时
11、被动语态
12、动词不定式
13、构词法
1合成法
2派生法
3转化法
4缩写和简写
14、句子的种类
1陈述句(肯定式和否定式)
2疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句)
3祈使句
4感叹句
15、句子成分
1主语
2谓语
3表语
4宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)
5补语
6定语
7状语
16、简单句基本句型
1主语+系动词+表语
2主语+不及物动词
3主语+及物动词+宾语
4主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
5主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
6there be句型
17、并列复合句
18、主从复合句
1宾语从句
2状语从句
3定语从句
19、直接引语与间接引语
英语的时态(tense)是一种动词形式,不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。
下面就英语中常见的八种基本时态进行阐述,其它的时态都是在这八种时态的基础上结合而成的。
一、 一般现在时:
1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2.时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
3.基本结构:动词 原形 (如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要加(e)S)
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
6.例句:. It seldom snows here.
He is always ready to help others.
Action speaks louder than words.
二、 一般过去时:
1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本结构:be动词;行为动词
4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。
6.例句:She often came to help us in those days.
I didn't know you were so busy.
三、 现在进行时:
1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.
3.基本结构:am/is/are+doing
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.
5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
6.例句: How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.
四、 过去进行时:
1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构:was/were+doing
4.否定形式:was/were + not + doing.
5.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。
6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
五、 现在完成时:
1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
3.基本结构:have/has + done
4.否定形式:have/has + not +d one.
5.一般疑问句:have或has。
6.例句:I've written an article.
It has been raining these days.
六、 过去完成时:
1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
3.基本结构:had + done.
4.否定形式:had + not + done.
5.一般疑问句:had放于句首。
6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books
七、 一般将来时:
1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本结构:am/is/are/going to + do;will/shall + do.
4.否定形式:was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。
6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.
It is going to rain.
八、 过去将来时:
1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本结构:was/were/going to + do;would/should + do.
4.否定形式:was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。
6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.
I asked who was going there
⑼ 英语语法 基本组成
【英语】简单句的五种基本句型
http://www.tesoon.com/作者:佚名来源:天星教育网更新时间:2014-04-11 10:11点击:38286
简单句是英语中的基本句子,了解和掌握这五种基本句型对学好英语极为重要。这五种基本句型是:
1.主语+不及物动词(主谓结构)
本结构是由主语加不及物动词构成,常用来表示主语的动作。此句型中不及物动词的常用法:
(1)一般表达型。此类不及物动词常与表示时间、距离、重量、价值等的副词修饰语连用。
如:They worked day and night. 他们夜以继日地工作。
(2)主动形式表示被动含义型。此类动词常见的有:read, sell, wash, write, clean等。
如:The theatre tickets sold well. 戏票很畅销。
This kind of cloth washes well.这种布料很容易洗。
2.主语+系动词+表语(主系表结构)
本结构是由"主语+系动词+表语"组成,主要用以说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。此句型中常见的系动词:be, become, come, get, smell, taste, feel, sound, remain, stay, appear, go, turn, fall, keep等。
(1)主语+系动词+形容词(作表语)
如:That argument sounds reasonable. 那个论据听起来有道理。
It feels good to be home.在家的感觉真好。
(2)主语+系动词+名词(作表语)
如:Later he became a scientist.他后来成为一个科学家。
He is a student. 他是个学生。
(3)主语+系动词+副词、介词短语或反身代词(作表语)
如:He is near. 他在附近。
This is of importance. 这很重要。
You’re not looking yourself today. 今天你看上去气色不太好。
3. 主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾结构)
此结构是由"主语+谓语+宾语"构成。其中的谓语动词须是及物动词(短语),宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。
(1)主语+及物动词+名词或代词(作宾语)
如:He raised his arms above his head. 他把手臂举过头顶。
Will you spend your holidays abroad this year? 你今年去国外度假吗?
(2)主语+及物动词+动名词(作宾语)。此类及物动词(短语)有:advise, consider, avoid, mind, miss, suggest, finish, practise, imagine, enjoy, delay, escape, feel like, put off, insist on, give up, can’t help, stick to等。
如:I suggested taking a walk. 我建议去散步。
You should not give up studying. 你不该放弃学习。
(3)主语+及物动词+不定式(作宾语)。此类及物动词有:afford, agree, ask, expect, hope, want, wish, manage, pretend, decide, determine, learn, offer, plan, refuse等。
如:I hope to go to college. 我希望上大学。
The firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. 公司无法支付如此巨额的工资。
(4)既可接动名词又可接不定式的及物动词。如:remember to do sth.记住要做某事/remember doing sth.记得曾做过某事;stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事/stop doing sth.停止做某事;forget to do sth.忘记去做某事/forget doing sth.忘了做过某事;regret to do sth.遗憾去做某事/regret doing sth.后悔做了某事;go on to do sth.做完一件事接着做另一件事/go on doing sth.继续做同一件事;try to do sth. 试图做某事/try doing sth.尝试着做某事等。
如:Did you remember to feed the birds?你记着喂鸟了吗?
I remember feeding the birds. 我记得已喂了鸟。
4. 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(主谓+双宾语结构)
此句型中常见的接双宾语的动词:
(1)用to变换间接宾语的动词:give, hand, offer, show, throw, pass, pay, send, sell, tell, lend等。
如:Could you give me the letter?或Could you give the letter to me? 你能把那封信递给我吗?
Can you lend me that book? 或Can you lend that book to me? 你能把那本书借给我吗?
(2)用for变换间接宾语的动词:make, buy, cook, find, get, order, sing, spare, fetch等。
如:He bought me a bottle of ink. /He bought a bottle of ink for me.他为我买了一瓶墨水。
Can you get me some stamps?或Can you get some stamps for me? 你能帮我拿些邮票吗?
5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(主谓+复合宾语结构)
此结构中宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,若无宾语补足语,则句意不完整。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词。此句型中常见的接宾语补足语的及物动词:
(1)接名词作宾补的动词:find, think, elect, name, call, appoint, consider, make, leave等。
如:They usually call the baby Dick. 他们通常叫那婴儿Dick。
I would make him king over the earth. 我会让他当世界之王。
(2)接形容词作宾补的动词:keep, get, make, leave, find, paint, set, turn, drive, call, cut, consider等。
如:She will make him happy. 她将使他幸福。
Please cut the stick short. 请把这根棍子砍短。
(3)接分词、省略to的动词不定式等作宾补的及物动词:see, notice, hear, watch, observe等。
如:He left me waiting in the rain. 他让我在雨中等。
(4)接副词、介词短语等作宾补的动词有leave, put等。
如:The police put the thief in prison. 警察把这小偷关进了监狱。
(5)有些动词后常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面,这是英语中常用的句型,即"主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正的宾语"。常见动词有think, find, consider等。
如:I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way. 我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。
节选自