『壹』 跪求高中英语虚拟语气的讲解~
★ 高考英语虚拟语气专题讲座★
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★ 语气是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中有三种语气：陈述语气，疑问语气，虚拟语气。
虚拟语气定义：虚拟语气表示所说的话只是一种主观愿望、假设或建议等。
虚拟语气的学习重点：
1. 虚拟语气的在条件句中的基本用法和四个基本情态动词的用法。
2. 虚拟语气的倒装。（if省略，条件句中中有had, should, were）。
3. 两种错综虚拟语气。
4. 含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气。
5. 过去的计划，打算，愿望等未曾实现时的虚拟语气。
6. 特殊句型中的虚拟语气：两个。重点为wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气及as if和as though从句中虚拟语气的表示法。
7. 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用。即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的名词性从句。
8. 不清惜条件的虚拟语气。
★★★虚拟语气在条件句中的用法列表如下：
相关时态 主句形式 从句形式 例句
与现在事实相反 Should\would\could\might+do（动词原形） 过去式（be动词各人称都用were） If I were you, I should \would make full use of my time to study.
与过去事实相反 Should\would\could\might+have done（动词过去分词） Had+done(过去分词) If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
与将来事实相反 Should\would\could\might+do（动词原形） 1. 过去式（be动词各人称都用were）
2. should+动词原形
3. were to +动词原形 If it should rain tomorrow, the crops would be saved.
★★★注意四个情态动词的用法：
1. 若表示在某一假设的条件下，必然而然就会发生某事，第一人称可用should或would, 而二、三人称只用would.
2. 若表示在某一假设条件下就能够干某事，各人称都用could.
3. 如果表示在某种假设条件下有可能会发生某事，各人称都用might.
★★★虚拟语气倒装
请看典型考题：__________ your address，I would have written to you.
A. Did I know B. Were I to know C. Had I known D. If I should know
此题应选 C。这是虚拟语气的倒装形式。当虚拟条件句中含有 were，had，should，could等动词时，可以将if省略，然后将 were，had，should，could 等词移至句首：
1. If he should fail，he would kill himself. →Should he fail，he would kill himself. 万一失败，他就会自杀。
2. If I were you，I would do it at once. →Were I you，I would do it at once. 假若我是你，我就会马上做。
3. If I could do it，I would. →Could I do it，I would. 要是我能做此事，我一定会做。
4. If he had seen you yesterday，he would haveasked you about it.
→Had he seen you yesterday，he would haveasked you about it. 他昨天要是看到了你，他就会问你这事了。
注意：顺便说一句，以上移至句首的 had不一定是助动词，如果是实义动词也可倒装：
5. If he had money，he would buy a car. Had he money，he would buy a car. 他要是有钱，他就会买一辆小车。
将下列倒装句恢复正常：
a. Were it not for the fact that you are ill, I would give you a good beating.
要不是因为你有病这一事实,我就会狠揍你一顿。
b. Had he asked me, I would have given him my advice.要是他请求我的话，我就会给他建议的。
c. Were it to snow tomorrow, the hunter would not go hunting.万一明天下雪，猎人就不去打猎了。
★★★错综虚拟语气
How I wish I had studied harder when I was in school!
If you had, you ____ work into late every day nowadays.
A. don’t B. wouldn’t C. didn’t D. won’t
[解析]“要是我在校时能够更加努力地学习，那该多好啊！”“要是你当时努力学习的话，你现在就不会每天都工作那么晚了。”根据句意，条件与过去事实相反，而主句与现在事实相反。
常见的两种错综虚拟语气：
1．从句与过去事实相反相成，而主句与现在事实相反。例如：
If you had not been strict with me when I was young, I could not be such a successful person now.如果我年轻时你没有对我严格要求的话，我现在就不可能是这么成功的一个人。（这种虚拟语气的特点是主句中常含有时间准状语now 或nowadays）
2. Should anyone come and ask for me, tell them I will come back tomorrow.万一有人来找我，告诉他们我明天回来。（主句为祈使句，条件句与将来事实相反，表示说话人认为某件事情发生的可能性很小。）
★★★含蓄虚拟条件句
含蓄虚拟条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。这类用法主要见于以下七种方式：
1. 将条件隐含在不定式短语中。
I should be happy to go with you. 如果能与你一起去，我将很高兴。(=I should be happy if I could go with you.)
To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination. 你学习更用功些，你早就考及格了。(=if you have studied harder, you…)
2. 将条件隐含在分词短语中。
Born in better times, he would have been a scholar. 如果出生在好时代，他早就成为学者了。(=If he had been born in better times, he …)
Failing this time, what would you do？ 假若这次失败，那你怎么办？(=If you failed this time, what…)
Walking alone in the dark, Mary would be terrified. 要一个人单独在黑暗中走，玛丽会感十分害怕。(If Mary walked alone in the dark, she…)
3. 将条件隐含在介词短语中。
Without air, no one could live. 没有空气，人就不能活。(=If there were no air, no one could live.)
But for his help, he would have failed. 要不是有他的帮助，他就会失败了。(=If it hadn’t been for his help, he would have failed.)
常用的介词或介词短语，如but for, but that, without, in case of, under, under more favorable condition等。
4. 将条件隐含在名词短语中。
A true friend would not have betrayed me.
若是真正的朋友，就不会背弃我。(=If he had been a true friend, he would…)
A few hours earlier, and you would have seen the famous writer.
要是你早来几个小时，你就见到这位著名的作家了。(If you had come a few hours earlier, you…)
5. 将条件隐含在某些连词(如or, or else, otherwise等)中：
具体用法如下：它们后的句子如果说的不是客观事实，它们前边的句子采用陈述语气，后边的句子采用虚拟语气。
○1 句子（一般现在时）+ or, or else, otherwise + 句子（谓语部分：should\would\could\might等+ 动词原形）
○2 句子（一般过去时）+ or, or else, otherwise + 句子（谓语部分：should\would\could\might等+ have done）
I didn’t know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldn’t have believed him.
我不知道他是个骗子，不然我也不会相信他了。(or else=if I had known he was a cheat))
I’m really very busy, otherwise I would certainly go there with you.
我真的是太忙了，不然我就会同你一道去了。(otherwise=if I were not so busy))
6. 将条件隐含在定语从句中。
Anyone who had seen that painting might have taken it for a photo.
凡是看过那画的人，都可能把它看成是照片。(=If anyone had seen that painting…)
7. 将条件隐含在一定的上下文中。
Don’t bother to read all these papers. It would take too long.
不要费事看所有这些文件了，那会花太多时间。(=…If you read all these papers, it would take too long)
常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段连词如：so that, unless, in case, supposing, lest, provided(倘若……)，for fear that(惟恐) , on condition that, if only(要是……就好了)等。
(注：lest, for fear that和in case引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形，但可以不用虚拟语气，而用动词的陈述语气形式。)例如：
★ The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him.这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。
Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur.
在使用此法时要小心谨慎，以免会发生溢流现象。
★★★过去的计划打算愿望等未曾实现时的虚拟语气
1. 表过去愿望未曾实现时，常用would like to have done sth. 或would have liked to do sth.(前者常用)
I would like to have gone to the celebration, but I couldn’t get away. 我本来想参加庆祝会，但未能脱开身。
2. 表示过去本来该干某事但没有干时，用should\ought to have done sth. 若表示本来不该干但却干了某事时，用should not\ought not to have done sth.
The criminal should have told the truth, but he refused to. 那罪犯本来应该说出实情，但他不肯说。
3. 表示过去本来有能力干某事，但未能干成时用could have done sth.
I could have lent you the money, but you did not turn to me for help. 我本来能借给你那笔钱，但你没有向我求助。
4. 表示过去本来有可能干某事，但未能干成时用might have done sth.
You might have been chosen, but you gave up the chance. 你本来有可能被选上的，但你放弃了那个机会。
5. 表示过去本来愿意干某事，但未能干成时用would have done sth.
The cook would have helped you, but his wife stopped him. 那厨师本来愿意帮助你，但他妻子制止了他。
6. hope, want, expect, plan等动词表示过去愿望、计划、打算等未曾实现时，把谓语动词用成过去完成时或把它们后面的不定式用成完成式。
I had hoped to become a poet, but I turned teacher instead. 我本希望当个诗人，但我却当了老师。
I hoped to have become a poet, but I turned teacher instead.
My playmate hoped to have entered a key university last year, but his wish didn’t come true.
我的伙伴本打算进入一个重点大学，但他的梦想没能实现。
7. be to do sth.句型表示过去计划安排未曾实现时，用was\ were to have done sth结构.
The European tourists were to have arrived by ten, but they were caught in a shower and delayed.
那些欧洲的游客本来10点到达，但他们遇上了阵雨，被推迟了。
The building was to have been completed by the end of last month, but the plan failed.
这栋楼本来计划上个月底建完，但计划失败了。
8. be going to句型表过去个人打算未曾实现时，用was\were going to结构。
--Did you go to the museum yesterday?
--No, I was going to, but something urgent happened at the last moment.
你昨天到博物馆去了吗？ 我本来打算去，但在最后的片刻发生了紧急的事情。
I was going to meet you at the station, but I had to work extra hours writing a report for my boss.
我本来打算去车站见你，但我不得不在工作几个小时给我老板写份报告。
★★★虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用：
（一） 主语从句中的虚拟语气
在It is ＋形容词／某些动词的过去分词＋主语从句的结构中，从句的谓语动词须用动词原形或 should ＋do的形式。这些类型包括：
1、It’s important…类 形容词
这一类型主要包括It is (was) important (necessary, desirable, imperative, advisable)that. . .句型。如：
It is impossible that he should go home. 他不可能会回家去。
It is necessary that I should return it right now. 我有必要马上把它还回去。
It is important that we should speah politely. 我们说话要有礼貌，这是很重要的。
It is not necessary that everyone be a scientist. 没有必要使每一个人都成为科学家。
It is imperative that we should practise critidsm and self-criticism. 应当进行批评与自我批评。
2、It’s a pity…类 名词
It is a pity that she should fare so badly. 她竟吃得这么差，真可怜。
It’s a pity that he should be so obstinate. 真遗憾他竟这样倔犟。
It was a pity that you couldn’t come. 你不能来，真是太遗憾了。
It is a pity that she failed the driving examination. 她没通过驾驶考试真是遗憾。
It is his desire that a medical man should stay here. 他希望有一个医务人员留在这里。
3、It’s desired…类 某些动词的过去分词
这种主语从句还常用在It is (was) desired (suggested, settled, proposed, requested, decided, etc. ) that...句型。如：
It is requested that a vote be taken. 建议付诸表决。
It is settled that you leave us, then? 那么你肯定要离开我们罗?
It was proposed that this matter be considered at the next meeting. 有人提议这事下次会议再讨论。
★ It is desired that this rule should be brought to the attention of the staff. 希望这条规则引起全体职员的注意。
【特别说明】
(1) 在现代英语中，有时也可不用虚拟语气而用陈述语气，但初学者宜慎用。
(2) 在It is amazing (strange, surprising, astonishing, a pity, a shame)以及 I am surprised (sorry) 和I regret等结构后的that 从句中有时也用should，表示说话人的惊异、懊悔、失望等情感，常含有“竟然”之意：
It’s strange that he should be so rude. 他竟如此无礼，真是奇怪。
I’m surprised that he should have failed. 他竟然失败了，这使我很吃惊。
若不用虚拟语气也可以，则不带感情 色彩，比较：
It’s a pity that he failed the exam. 他考试没及格，真是遗憾。
It’s a pity that he should have failed the exam. 他考试竟没及格，真是遗憾。
decided（决定的）、 important（重要的）、 ordered（命令的）、 advisable（合理的）、
demanded（要求的） desire（期望的）、 desirable（合乎需要的）、 essential（紧要的）、
insistent（坚持的）、 natural（自然的）、 preferabl（更可取的）、 proposed（建议的）、
recommended（推荐的）、required（要求的）、 urgent（紧迫的）、 vital（极其重要的）
appropriate（适当的）、 arranged（安排好的）、 better（较好的）、 imperative（迫切的）、
possible（可能的）、 probable（可能的）、 resolved（决心的）、 strange（奇怪的）、
suggested（建议的）
It is highly desirable that a new mayor be appointed for this city．这座城市急需任命一位新市长。
（二）宾语从句用虚拟语气的10种类型
1、I wish后的宾语从句 （ 略）
We wish he didn’t smoke. 我们希望他不吸烟。
I wish prices would come down. 我希望物价能降下来。
I wish the train would come. 我希望火车会来。
2、表示“坚持”后的宾语从句
主要是指insist的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
I insisted that he (should) stay. 我坚持要他留下。
He insisted that I (should) go with them. 他坚持要我同他们一起去。
Rose insisted that he be present. 罗斯坚持要他出席。
The detective insisted that he should have a look. 警探坚持要查看。
注意：动词insist后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，两者的区别是：若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。比较：
He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。
He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。
3、表示“命令”后的宾语从句
主要是指order, command的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
He ordered that it (should) be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。
Thejudge ordered that the prisoner should be remanded. 法官命令被告还押。
The King ordered that the man be released. 国王命令释放那人。
He commanded that we (should) attack at once. 他命令我们立即发起进攻。
4、表示“建议”后的宾语从句
主要是指advise, suggest, propose, recommend等的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
He suggested that we should leave early. 他建议我们早点动身。
The doctor advised that he change his job. 医生劝他换工作。
They recommend that this tax be abolished. 他们建议取消这种税。
I suggest that we (should) have lunch right now. 我建议我们现在就吃午饭。
The committee proposed (that) Mr. Day be elected. 委员会建议推选戴先生。
The doctor advised [suggested] that he (should) not smoke. 医生建议他不要抽烟。
I propose that the matter be put to the vote at once. 我提议对此问题立刻进行表决。
He proposed that Mr. O’Leary be the chairman. 他提议奥列利先生担任主席。
She suggested that I (should) be responsible for the arrangements. 她建议我来负责进行安排。
注意：与动词insist相似，动词suggest后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，两者的区别也是：若谓语动词所表示的情况尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气，此时suggest通常译为“建议”；若谓语动词所表示的情况为既成事实，则要用陈述语气，此时的suggest通常译为“表明”、“认为”。比较并体会：
He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. 他建议我们留下吃饭。
What he said suggested that he was a cheat. 他说的话表明他是个骗子。
I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him. 我觉得你与他心照不宣。
5、表示“要求”后的宾语从句
9、表示“希望”“打算”后的宾语从句
主要是指动词desire, intend后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美语中通常省略。
She desires that he do it. 她希望他做此事。
They intended that the news (should) be suppressed. 他们打算封锁这条消息。
I desire the patient should have a bath every day. 我希望病人每天洗澡。
10、表示“指示”后的宾语从句
主要是指动词direct后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。
The general directed that the prisoners should be set free. 将军指示释放那些俘虏。
（三）表语从句和同位语从句
有些名词引起的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词须用动词原形或should ＋do的形式。
这些名词包括：
advice（忠告）、 decision（决定）、 demand（要求）、 desire（渴望）、 idea（想法）、
motion（提议）、 necessity（必要性）、 order（命令）、 plan（计划）、 preference（偏爱）、
proposal（建议）、 recommendation（推荐）、requirement（要求）、suggestion（建议）等。
例句13：His proposal is that we turn off TVfor half an hour every day．他建议我们每天少看半个小时的电视。
特别提示：从以上的各类从句中我们可以得到以下的推论，即当一个动词后面的宾语从句中要使用（should）＋do的虚拟语气形式时，则可推理出用法相同的一组从句。以动词advise为例：
（1）I advise that we stay and wait here．（动词后的宾语从句）
（2）It is advised that we stay here．（It is ＋动词的过去分词＋that引导的主语从句）
（3）It is advisable that we stay here．（It is ＋由该动词转换的形容词＋that引导的主语从句）
（4）My advice is that we stay here．（由该动词转换的名词后的表语从句）
（5）I offered the advice that we stay here．（由该动词转换的名词后的同位语从句）
（6）I think it advisable that we stay here．（由该动词转换的形容词作宾语补足语，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语从句中使用虚拟语气）
以上六类从句中所使用的都为（should）＋do的虚拟语气形式。
★★★wish后宾语从句用虚拟语气
一． Wish本身为现在时，后面得宾语从句如果与现在存在状态相反的愿望，从句中谓语动词采用过去时或过去进行时，遇到be动词时各人称都用were.
二． Wish本身为过去时，后面得宾语从句如果与过去存在状态相反，从句中谓语动词采用过去时，遇到be动词时各人称都用were.
三． 凡发生在谓语（wish）以前的动作，从句中的虚拟语气谓语的结构形式是过去完成时, 即had+动词过去分词或would \ could + have done。
四． 凡发生在谓语（wish）以后的动作，从句中的虚拟语气谓语的结构形式是过去将来时，即（would +动词原形），如果用到情态动词can，各人称都用could.
五． I wish + 从句的结构还可以转换成if only+ 从句结构。If only后也要采用虚拟语气，其构成及意思与I wish + 从句完全一样。
六．从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关，而与wish的时态无关，比较：
I wish I were not so busy. 但愿我不那样忙碌。 （与现在相反）1
I wish I were [was] better looking. 要是我长得漂亮些就好了。 （与现在相反）1
I wished I were rich. 当时我后悔自己没有钱。 （与过去相反）2
I wished I had been rich. 当时我后悔自己曾经没有钱。 （与过去相反）3
She wished she had stayed at home. 她后悔的是她当时要是留在家里就好了。 （与过去相反）3
I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 要是你明天同我们一起去就好了。 （与将来相反）4
I wish you wouldn’t look down on this kind of work. 我希望你不要看不起这种工作。 （与将来相反）4
I wish you wouldn’t smoke any more. 我希望你不再抽烟了。 （与将来相反）4
I wish you would be more respectful to your father. 我希望你对你父亲更尊敬些。 （与将来相反）4
I wish I could be of some use. 我希望我能有什么用处。 （与将来相反）4
If only I were you.= I wish I were you. 我要是你就好了。 （与现在相反）5
★★★虚拟语气的几个特殊句型：
★★★would rather后句子用虚拟语气：would rather后接句子时，句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，具体用法为：
1．一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望
I’d rather you went tomorrow (now). 我宁愿你明天(现在)去。
I’d rather you came next Saturday. 我宁愿你下星期六来。
I’d rather you were happy. 我愿你快乐。
I’d rather she sat next to me. 我宁愿她挨着我坐。
I’d rather Jack left on an earlier train. 我宁愿杰克乘前一班火车走。
You always go without me and l’d rather you didn’t. 你总是不带我去，我可不愿意你这样。
“Shall I open the window? ” “I’d rather you didn’t. ”“我要不要把窗子打开? ” “我看不要打开好。”
2. 用过去完成时表过去的愿望
I’d rather you hadn’t said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。
I’d rather you hadn’t done that. 我宁愿你没这样做。
l’d rather you had been / hadn’t been present。我 (宁) 愿你当时在场 / 不在场。
l’d rather he had told / hadn’t told me about it 我 (宁) 愿他告诉了 / 未告诉我这件事。
Katie went by car and I’d rather she hadn’t. 凯蒂是坐汽车去的，我宁愿地不坐汽车去。
『贰』 高中英语虚拟语气
这是虚拟语气中错综条件句，也就是主从句不是一致的。if you had come earlier 和过去相反，you would catch the bus 和现在相反。
『叁』 高考英语虚拟语气语法总结
虚拟语气，对过去虚拟，从句用过去完成时
虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测， 建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。
If I were you, I'd take them away.
如果我是你的话，我就会带走他们。
If I had met Li Hua, I could had told him.
如果我碰见了李华，我就告诉了他了。
If I had time. I could come to help you.
如果我有时间，我会来帮助你的。
He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups.
他建议说我们的班应该分成五个小组。
He speaks to us as if he had been there.
他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。
虚拟语气的用法
1) 虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示祝愿，命令。
May you be happy.
祝你幸福。
May you have a good time.
祝愿你玩的痛快。
May the friendship between us last long.
祝愿我们的友情天长地久。
Have a good journey!
祝愿你旅途愉快！
You go out！
你出去！
2) 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中。动词 wish, suggest,order,insist, propose,等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气， 宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望，要求。
I wish she would be on my side.
我希望她能站在我一边。
I wish I could help him.
我希望我能帮助他。
He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.
他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。
动词 demand, suggest, order, insist, propose 后面的从句中，"should" 可以省略。
The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.
老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。
He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.
他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。
3) 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。
在句型 "It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... " 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形
It's necessary that we should have a walk now.
我们有必要出去散散步。
It's natural that she should do so.
她这样做是很自然的。
It's important that we should take good care of the patient.
重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
4) 虚拟语气用在状语从句中。
虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的主句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时，动词有三种时态形式，即现在，过去和将来。
与现在事实相反的：
条件从句 结果从句
If I (we,you,he,they)+ 动词过去式.. if I (he,she) were... I (we) should + 动词原形。 He (you,they) would + 动词原形。
与过去事实相反的：
条件从句 结果从句
If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 过去分词 I(we)should + have+ 过去分词。He (you,they) would + have + 过去分词。
If I were you, I should buy it.
如果我是你，我就买了它。
If I had time, I would study French.
如果我有时间，我会学习法语的。
If she knew English,she would not ask me for help.
如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。
If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.
如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。
If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping.
如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。
有关虚拟语气的几个问题：
1) 有时if引导的状语从句可以省略 if，而把从句中的动词 were, had 或 should 移到主语前面。
Were she younger, she would do it .
如果她年青点， 她就会干的。
Had he known her address, he would had gone to visite her.
如果他知道她的地址，他会去看她的。
2) 有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略，而只剩下一个主句或者一个条件从句。
I could help you.
我本来可以帮助你。
If I had time.
我要有时间该多好啊。
She should have come to the party.
她应该来参加聚会。
If he had much more money.
如果他有更多的钱就能...。
3) 虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致。
If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.
如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。
If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this.
如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。
『肆』 求高中英语倒装句 虚拟语气所有语法要点, 最好不要复制
虚拟语气
A．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。
B．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。
C．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。
(2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。
(3)would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备
（4）It’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。
由连接词in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即should(might, would)+动词原形
（5）虚拟语气用于as if（though）引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中，其动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同
（6）其它各种句型, as though, suppose, had rather, supposing, if only等等
倒装句
1)句首的状语若是由often开头或副词only+状语(副词,介词短语或状语从句等)放在句首时:
Often did I tell him not to make trouble.
2）含有否定意义的副词或连词(如little, scarcely, barely,rarely, seldom,never, no sooner…than, not only,hardly…when…, 等)放在句首时
Not only did we lose our money, but we also came close to losing our lives.
3）副词so, neither, nor, no more用在句子的开头,表示前面
说的情况也适合于另一个人或事物以避免重复的句子,作"也"讲时,
引导的句子用倒装语序,例如:He went to the film last night. So did I
『伍』 高考英语虚拟语气用法总结
一.概念: 动词虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望, 假设, 猜测, 建议, 请求, 意图, 设想等未能或不可能成为事实的情况, 或者在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况, 而不表示客观存在的现实
二.虚拟语气的表现形式: 通过句中谓语动词的特殊形式来表现. 这些特殊形式与谓语动词的某些时态相同, 但它们只表示语气, 而不表示时态, 但含有一定的时间概念
虚拟语气的用法
一.虚拟语气在简单句中的用法: 谓语动词用原形或may +动词原形
1.表示祝愿
a. Long live our country.
b. May you succeed.
c. May you be happy all your life.
2.表示命令
a. Everybody leave the room.
二.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法: (使用虚拟语气的含条件句的复合句称为真实条件句)
1.表示与现在事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语用动词的过去式 (be动词的过去式多用were, 而不用was), 主句的谓语用should / would / could / might +动词原形 (should多用于第一人称, would多用于二三人称, could / might可用于所有人称)
a. If I had more time, I should study computer better.
b. If he were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon.
c. If they didn’t take exercises every day, they wouldn’t be so healthy.
d. If you went to bed earlier, you would not be so sleepy in the morning.
e. If she invited me, I should go to the party.
2.表示与过去事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语用had done形式, 主句的谓语用should / would / could / might + have done的形式
a. If she had invited me yesterday, I should have gone to the party.
b. I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday’s exam.
c. If you had taken the teacher’s advice, you would not have failed in the exam.
3.表示与将来事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语形式是: ①.完全动词过去式 (be的过去式通常用were); ②.should +动词原形; ③.were to do. 其中②, ③种情况都含有出乎意料之外之意; 主句的谓语的形式是: should / would / could / might +动词原形
a. If she should invite me tomorrow, I should go to the party.
b. If it rained / should rain / were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.
c. If I saw him tomorrow, I would pass your note to him.
d. I might come back if I were to miss the train.
三.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中用法的几个变体:
1.条件从句省略if: 在书面语中, 如果条件从句中的谓语中有were, had, should等词, 可将if省略, 而把were, had, should放在句首
a. Were I you (=If I were you ), I would get up early very early.
b. Had you arrived (=If you had arrived ) at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday, you could have caught the train.
2.省略条件从句或主句, 省略部分的含义仍有所体现. 省略主句时, 表示己不能实现的愿望
a. You could have done it yourself (if you had wanted to).
b. I wouldn’t smoke (if I were you).
c. If my old friends were with me! (要是老朋友和我在一起该多好啊)
d. If you could have seen the wonderful film!
3.主从句时间不一致时, 主从句谓语动词的形式取决于要表示的具体时间
a. You would speak English well if you had practised speaking it every day.
b. If she hadn’t trained so hard, she wouldn’t be able to run so fast.
4.假设的条件不以条件从句, 而以其他方式如介词短语、从句等表达出来, 这种句子称为含蓄条件句
a. What would you do with a million dollars?
b. Without music, the world would be a ll place.
c. We could have done better with more money.
d. He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy.
四.虚拟语气在as if / though从句中的用法:
1.表示与现在事实相反或对相在情况有所怀疑, as if / though从句谓语用过去式
a. He speaks English so well as if she had studied English in England.
b. She looked as if she were ill.
2.表示与过去事实相反的情况, as if / though从句谓语用过去完成式
a. The machines operated as if it had been repaired.
五.虚拟语气在含even if / though从句的复合句中的用法:
在此类复合句中, 若表示与事实相反, 可用虚拟语气形式. 主从句的谓语动词形式与非真实条件句相同
a. Even if I were rich, I would work.
六.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法:
如果表示说话人的看法, 想法或意见, 在句型 It is / was + adj. + that从句中, 主语从句中可用虚拟语气. 主语从句中谓语动词用should do表示现在或将来情况, 用should have done表示过去情况
a. It is necessary that you should clean the lab before you left.
b. It is important that you should take the doctor’s advice.
c. It was very strange that he should have left without say goodbye.
七.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法:
1.在wish的宾语从句中, 通常表示不可能实现或没有实现的愿望, 常用虚拟语气
①.wish的宾语从句用过去式, 表示现在或将来没有实现或不可能实现的愿望
a. I wish I knew the result of the match now.
b. I wish it were spring here all the year round.
c. I wish I could help you.
d. I wish I were young.
②.wish的宾语从句用过去完成式, 表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望
a. We wish we had got the film tickets last night.
b. I wish you I had met him yesterday.
③.wish的宾语从句若用would, 则一般表示请求, 对现状不满或希望未来有所改变
a. I wish the prices would come down.
b. I wish you would help me.
c. I wish he would be more careful.
d. We wish you would spend the holiday with us.
2.在动词suggest (建议), advise (建议), demand (要求), require (要求), order (命令), insist (坚持)后的宾语从句中, 谓语动词常用( should )+动词原形的虚拟语气形式
a. I suggested that we should go there at once.
b. I demand that he should answer me at once.
c. The doctor insisted that the patient should stay in bed for two weeks.
d. The officer ordered that the soldiers should stop playing.
与名词suggestion建议 / advice 建议 / demand要求 / request要求 / order命令有关的从句(包括同位语从句和表语从句等)中的谓语也用 ( should ) +动词原形
a. The black people made a strong demand that the government ( should ) take steps to change the unfair situation.
b. Their demand is that the government should take steps to change the unfair situation.
c. I was Bill’s suggestion that everybody should have a map.
d. His suggestion was that everybody should have a map.
八.虚拟语气用在句型: It is time that(该做某事了)中: that从句中的谓语动词用过去式
a. It is time we got up.
九.虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中: 表示但愿, 要是就好了, 其中谓语形式与wish的宾语从句相同
a. If only he didn’t drive so fast! ( =I wish he didn’t drive so fast.)
b. If only he had taken the doctor’s advice. ( =I wish he had taken the doctor’s advice.)
c. If only the rain would stop! ( =I wish the rain would stop.)
十.虚拟语气用在would rather / prefer后的that从句中: 表示现在或将来情况谓语动词用过去时形式, 表示过去情况动词用过去完成时形式
a. I would rather he came next Saturday.
b. I would prefer you had seen the film yesterday.
c. I would rather that he painted the house blue
『陆』 高中英语语法虚拟语气
He worked very hard, otherwise he [couldn't have passed] the entrance exam.
事件发生在过去，所以对过去虚拟。他学习非常努力，不然他不会通过入学考试专。（事实是属当时他就通过了入学考试）
『柒』 哪位高手可以给我详细的讲讲高中英语虚拟语气
虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气
⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件，是虚拟条件最普通的方式。
① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形，例如：If I were in your position I would marry her.
② 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.
③ 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种，但并不排除存在条件和后果中，一个和现在情况相反，另一个和过去情况相反，例如：If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。
④ 但是，如果后果用了虚拟语气，而条件却用陈述语气，这种用法是错的。
⒉ 除了表示虚假条件外，if从句还可以表示对将来的推测，由于是将来还没有发生的，所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的，只能说这个事情发生的可能性有多大。一般情况下，可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对一个未来事实的推测，这个事实是完全可能发生的。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形，例如：Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.（1996年1月四级第44题）
⒊ 有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构,这时候，如果出现not等否定词，否定词需放在主语后面。这种结构在口语中很少使用，但频频出现在各类考试中出现，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.→Had it not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis.
⒋ 大多数的虚拟条件通过上面所讲的两种方法表达，但在个别句子中也可以通过介词without和介词短语but for表达，副词otherwise等表达出来。例如：We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.（1995年6月四级第46题）值得注意的是，包含but for的句子，谓语动词必定要用虚拟形式，但包含without等短语的句子，谓语动词未必一定要用虚拟语气。
⒌ 有时虚拟条件不是明确地表达出来，而在蕴含在用but引导的从句里，于是便出现了有谓语动词是虚拟语气的主句加上谓语动词是陈述语气的but从句构成的并列复合句，例如I would have hung you but the telephone was out of order.在这样的句子里，如果主句没有用虚拟语气，或者从句用了虚拟语气，都是错的。
Ⅱ用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气
⒈ 在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句中，需用虚拟语气。（wish后的that 常省略），根据主句时态，从句谓语时态相应退后一位，例如：How she wished his family could go with him.
⒉ 在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词(desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, decide …) 后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用(should) +动词原形。值得注意的是，如果宾语从句的动词是否定的，否定词not的位置应在动词之前，而不是动词之后。例如：The head nurse insisted that the patient not be move.另外，如suggest表达“暗示”，insist表示“坚持某种说法”时，后面的从句不用虚拟语气，例如：Her pale face suggests that she is ill.或He insisted that he did not kill the boy.
除此之外，上述动词也要求用虚拟式
① 在It is+上述动词的过去分词，其后所跟的主语从句中，如It is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms.
② 在上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+连系动词，其后的表语从句中，例如His suggestion was that classed be re-scheled.
③ 在对上述动词相应的名词进行解释的同位语从句中，如：The workers raised the demand that their pay be increased to cope with the inflation.
⒊ would （had）rather , would sooner也用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反，例如：I would rather he went right now.
Ⅲ其他形式的虚拟语气
⒈ it is +necessary等形容词后，that主语从句中虚拟形式使用，这类形容词包括necessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable等，例如It is necessary that you listen to the teacher carefully.或者It is essential that you be able to pronounce every single word correctly.
⒉ 在It's (high/about) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式，例如It is high time that you went to school
⒊ 虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用（谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同）表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。例如：He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. 表示过去想象中的动作或情况，谓语动词用过去完成式。
⒋ 在lest 引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用虚拟语气，(should )+ 动词原形。例如： The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.（1998年1月四级第38题）
⒌ 在if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式。例如： Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I had followed your advice.
『捌』 高中英语语法虚拟语气，求指教…，，
1 句子意思是：同时，我发现多一点耐心，我可以使我的玩具用得更久一点。用could表示“可以，能够”，must是“必须，一定”的意思。
2 if only的意思是“只要，但愿”，后面跟的句子需要用虚拟语气。如果是对现在的虚拟就用过去时，对过去的虚拟就用过去完成时。根据before I attended the lecture可以判断这里是对过去的虚拟。
3 这个是条件状语从句的虚拟语气。如果是对一般现在的虚拟，从句if用过去时；对过去的虚拟，从句if就用过去完成时。根据逐句you would be all right now, 可以判断是对过去的虚拟。
4 句子意思是“要不是那场雨，我们昨天就会有一个愉快的旅途。根据But for 和yesterday可以判断是对过去的虚拟，should have done结构意思是”本应该做的没做“。
5 这里”他打电话给我“是客观的事实，不需要用虚拟语气，所以去掉had。
6 It is +形容词（例如important, necessary, surprising, essential等）后面that的从句都是用should do的虚拟语气，should可以省略。这题也就是省略了should，所以改成win.
『玖』 高中虚拟语气的用法（详细）
一、 条件句中的虚拟语气
1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式
从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。
时间
从句谓语形式
主句谓语形式
将来
动词过去式(be用were)
should + 动词原形
were to + 动词原形
would / should / might / could + 动词原形
现在
动词过去式(be 用 were)
would / should / might / could + 动词原形
过去
had +动词过去分词
would / should / might / could have + 动词过去分词
2. 条件句中的虚拟语气的举例
(1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：
If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。
If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。
(2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：
If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。
If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。
(3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：
If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。
If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。
3. 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题
(1) 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be时，可用 was 代替 were。但在倒装虚拟结构及 if I were you, as it were 中，只能用 were。如：
Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。
If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次机会。
(2) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。
①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：
If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会使工程师了
If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。
②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：
If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。
If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。
③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如：
If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄家会长得更好。
If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他工作一直努力的话，他现在已进了办公室了。
(3) 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有 were, should, had 时，if 可省略，而将 were, should, had等词置于句首。如：
Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。
Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。
Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了(from www.yygrammar.com)。
(4) 有时，句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件，而须通过上下文或其他方式来判断。如：
I would have come to see you, but I was too busy. 我本该来看你了，然而我太忙了。
But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。
(5) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。
①省略从句
He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。
You could have passed this exam. 你应该会通过这次考试了。
②省略主句
If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。
If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。
二、其他状语从句的虚拟语气
1. 目的状语从句中的虚拟语气
(1) 在 for fear that, in case, lest 引导的目的状语从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为： should + 动词原形。并且 should 不能省略
She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。
He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出发了以防迟到。
(2) 在 so that, in order that 所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。如(from www.yygrammar.com)：
He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能挺得更清楚。
He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词。
2. 让步状语从句中的虚拟语气
(1) 在 even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与 if 所引导的条件从句结构相同。如：
Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。
Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使华佗在世也救不了他。
(2) 在whatever, whichever, whenever, whoever, wherever, however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为：
① may +动词原形(指现在或将来)。如：
We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen. 不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。
We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be. 无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。
I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。
② may +完成式(指过去) ，主句结构不限。如：
You mustn’t be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲(from www.yygrammar.com)。
We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made. 不管他翻过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。
(3) 在though, although等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为 should +动词原形，主句结构不限。如：
Although / Though he should often be late, he is a good student. 尽管他经常迟到，他还是个好学生。
Although / Though he should be secretary, he must obey the rules. 尽管他是书记，他也必须遵守规定。
3. 方式状语从句中的虚拟语气
as if, as though 引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气。虚拟语气的结构为：
表示所发生的时间
虚拟语气结构
发生在主句动作之前
had + 过去分词
与主句动作同时发生
过去时(be 用were )
发生在主句动作之后
would / could / might / should+原形动词
例如：
They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long. 他们开始热烈的谈论起来就好像他们已相互认识很久了。
He coughed twice as if someone should come. 他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。
4. 原因状语从句中的虚拟语气
amazed, angry, annoyed, astonished, disappointed, frightened, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprised, upset 等后面的状语从句中常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：
① should + 原形动词(指现在或将来)。如：
He was angry that you should call him by name. 他很生气，你竟然对他直呼其名。
I was astonished that he should not answer such an easy question. 我很惊讶他竟答不出如此简单的问题。
② should + 完成式, 指过去。如：
I’m very sorry that you should have failed the exam. 我很遗憾，你这次考试竟然失败了。
I was very surprised that Father should have known what I did yesterday. 我很吃惊，父亲竟指导我昨天所作的事情(from www.yygrammar.com)。
三、宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1．英语中，如：advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist(坚决要求) , order, propose, request, suggest(建议) 表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：(should) + 原形动词。如：
The teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute here. 老师劝我们要好好地利用在这儿的每一分钟。
The Party asked that we should serve the people with our heart and soul. 党要求我们要全心全意地为人民服务。
但是，当insist的意思为：坚决认为，坚持说；suggest的意思为：表明，暗含，暗示等时，宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气。如：
Tom insisted that he hadn’t stolen the watch. 汤姆坚持说他没有偷那块手表。
His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam. 他的微笑表明他在考试中成功了。
2. believe, expect, suspect, think, imagine 等动词的否定句或疑问句中的宾语从句常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：should + 原形动词。如：
Can you believe that he should kill a tiger? 你能相信他竟杀死了一只老虎？
Can you imagine that he should take the first place in the long jump contest? 你能想象得到他在跳远比赛中竟获得了第一名？
3. 英语中，wish 之后的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为(from www.yygrammar.com)：
表示所发生的时间
虚拟语气结构
发生在主句动作之前
(1)had + 过去分词；
(2)would / could / might / should + have + 过去分词
与主句动作同时发生
过去时(be 用were )
发生在主句动作之后
would / could / might / should + 原形动词
例如：
I wish I learnt English well. 我希望我已学好了英语。
I wish I had been there with them last week. 我希望上周跟他们一起在那儿。
He wishes we could go and play games with him. 他希望我们能去跟他做游戏。
4. 英语中，would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：
表示所发生的时间
虚拟语气结构
过去
had + 过去分词；
现在
过去时(be 用were )
将来
过去时(be 用were )
例如：
I’d rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。
I’d rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿。
We’d rather you went here tomorrow. 我么倒想你明天去那儿。
四、主语从句中的虚拟语气
在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的主语从句中常使用虚拟语气，其虚拟语其的结构为： should + 动词原形，主句中的谓语动词形式不限。
句型：
(1) It is admirable / dreadful / extraordinary / odd / remarkable / sad / advisable / annoying / disappointing / surprising / upsetting / frightening / better / best / curious / desirable / important / strange / peculiar / proper / necessary / natural …that…
(2) It is a pity / a shame / no wonder…. that…
(3) It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed /…. that …
(4) It worries me that…
如：
It is important that we should do well in our lessons first. 我们先把功课学好很重要。
It is strange that he should not come. 很奇怪，他竟没有来。
It is a pity that we should not meet last night. 真遗憾我们昨天晚上没有见过面。
It worries me that we should be blamed for that. 我们竟要受责备真让人烦恼。
五、表语从句及同位语从句中虚拟语气
英语中，表示请求、要求、命令、建议等名词advice, desire, decision, idea, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同位语时，表语从表面上看几屗及同位语从句都须用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：(should) + 动词原形。如：
We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help. 我们接受了他的建议：我们应该请求老师的帮助(from www.yygrammar.com)。
He told us his idea that he should go to university. 他告诉了我们他的想法：他想上大学。
His suggestion is that we should do our work more carefully. 他的建议就是我们的工作要更细心些。
Their plan is that they should build a new factory in their hometown. 他们的计划就是在家乡建一座新工厂。
六、定语从句中的虚拟语气
英语中，表示：“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + 动词原形。如：
It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了。
It is high time you should go to work. 你早该上班了。
七、简单句中的虚拟语气
1. 说话时，为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌，言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为：would / could / might / should + 原形动词。如：
Would you mind my shutting the door? 我把门关起来你介意吗？
You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把这个教训牢记于心。
I should agree with you. 我应该同意你的观点。
2. 表示“祝愿”时，常用“may + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他”。如：
May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风。
May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永驻。
3. 表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时，常用动词原形。如：
Long live the Communist Party of China. 中|国|共|产|党|万|岁。
God bless us. 上帝保佑。
4. 习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。
(1) 提出请求或邀请。如：
Would you like to have a talk with us this evening? 今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗？
Could I use your bike now? 我可以用一下你的单车吗？
(2) 陈述自己的观点或看法。如：
I should glad to meet you. 见到你我会很高兴。
I would try my best to help you. 我会尽力帮助你。
(3) 提出劝告或建议。如：
You’d better ask your father first. 你最好先问一问你的父亲。
You should make a full investigation of it first. 你应该先全面调查一番。
(4) 提出问题。如：
Do you think he could get here on time? 你认为他能按时来吗？
Do you expect he would tell us the truth? 你期望他会告诉我们真相吗？
(5) 表示对过去情况的责备时，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：“情态动词 + have + 过去分词”。如：
You should have got here earlier. 你应该早就到这里了。
You should have returned it to him. 你应该把他还给他了。