① 语法梳理全部英语
《高中英语语法通霸》对英语知识的梳理很到位。网上能下载电子文档。学英语就要下决心把英语学好,一点一点地学,还要反复复习。如果只为应付作业那就没意义了,
有语言学家说过:“语言是语法化的词汇。”也就是说,语言是按照语法规则组织起来的词汇。一句话表达得是否正确,主要是看它是否符合语法规则;任何一个错句,都能从语法上找到原因。因此,学好语法是学好一门语言的基础。
在当前的英语教学中,上面倡导要淡化语法教学,要重视学生综合应用能力的培养。实施这么多年来,老师们普遍感到学生准确应用英语的能力下降了很多,特别是“写”的能力。大部分学生写的英语作文“惨不忍睹”。这实际上是淡化语法教学所产生的严重后果。
学习母语不学语法只要“浸泡”得多就能学好,但在我国英语毕竟是一门外语,连第二语言都不是,只靠“浸泡”而不通过学习语法知识来帮助理清规律,至少对于相当多的学生是不适用的。一些没有学好语法的学生去美国上学,他们整天“浸泡”在英语环境中,“听”、“说”的能力提高了不少,但很多人“写”的能力却鲜有提高。
语法差的学生,总是感到自己的英语一塌糊涂。许多学生英语从“差”中逆转过来,就是从学好语法开始的。只有学好了语法,才能写出语法正确、句式灵活的句子来;只有学好了语法,才能读懂文章中的长难句;只有学好了语法,才能快速提高自己的“听”、“说”能力。语法是什么?语法是帮助你解决“写”、“读”、“说”、“听”中遇到的困难的知识的总称,语法是指导你正确使用英语的精华知识。
但现在许多人都害怕英语语法。一方面是因为现在盛行的教学理论在作怪,学校教学过于淡化语法教学,过于强调语言的“习得”,导致学生的语法基础较差。另一方面,是因为没有合适的语法资料。教材上的语法讲解,“千呼万唤始出来,犹抱琵琶半遮面”,总是放不下架子,就是讲一点,其深度比考试的难度要低得多,根本靠不住。书店里的语法资料,一类是语法大家们编的,旨在解释一些语法现象,本来就不是给高中学生看的,有些知识学生看了没有用,有些知识学生根本看不懂。再一类就是一些名校编的资料,由于编写有时间有限、稿酬是按编的页数给的,这类资料大部分粗制滥造,总是先笼统地讲解一下,再弄点题一凑就好了。结果是,考点没讲清,练习针对性又不强,学生前学后忘,印象不深。
本书由有二十多年教学经验的一线教师所编,原是编者在平时教学备课中精细编写的教学讲义,经过多年修改完善,日臻系统、成熟。发到网上后,成为热门资料,在热心读者的推荐下,获得出版社的正式出版。在编排上,本书有以下特点:
一、针对性强。在编写时,用的是“归纳”法。先下载近十几年的高考真题,按考点逐题归类,归类时特别注意了学生学习过程中的难点和易混点。最后再在需要的地方加上必要的讲解,因此重点、难点突出,详略得当,针对性强。
二、选题经典。书中绝大部分练习题都是经过精挑细选的高考真题。在选择练习题时,主要是从其典型性、思维容量和所含语言点是否丰富,写作是否能用,里面是否含有完形填空可能出的词等多个方面考虑。因此也有相当多的题是保留了十几年前的题而舍弃了近几年的高考题。
三、题量科学。我们发现,针对每个考点的练习量如果过大的话,效果也不好。练习量少的话,譬如两三个,我们就可以轻松自如地在脑中翻动、回味这些题,效果反而更好。因此,就忍痛删去了许多来之不易的好题。
四、重视习题排序。有人说,像这样把同类型的题编排在一起,学生容易猜到答案,而不去思考。于是我们就做了一个实验,我们把不同类型的题混在一起,但再看时,发觉做后效果反而不好了,做后印象不深、规律在脑中不清晰。然后又把题按类型编排,同类型的题列在一起,再看一下,感觉真好!学知识同如向某个空间放东西一样,有条理了就好放也好找,杂乱了就不好放,用时也不容易找到。科学家对大脑的研究也表明,信息在脑中存放、排列是有规律的。
五、考点目录化。本书编了详细的目录,分为“章”、“讲”和“考点”三个级别。老师想讲解某个知识点或者学生想查看某个知识点的讲解时,可以借助目录轻松找到。
六、练习题型多样化,适用于多个题型的备考。本书每一节分为两部分。“考点精讲精练”先按考点进行简明讲解,然后以单选题的形式强化所学考点知识。“综合技能提升”以单句改错、语法填空、汉译英三种形式对所学的重点语法知识再进一步巩固。这部分的练习题,大部分来自高考真题,但又不拘泥于高考真题,可以从根本上来提高学生做短文改错、语法填空、书面表达的能力。“长难句分析技巧”一章介绍的“七字秘诀”是破解长难句的钥匙,有利于提高学生的阅读能力。
本书的这种编排,适合全国各省考生的使用。学生一看就懂,一做就会,有效地解决了语法学习中费时低效的问题。老师利用这本资料,可以使语法课不再空洞乏味。学生利用这本书,可以使语法学习变得有趣高效,优生可以利用此书来巩固自己的学科优势,待优生可以利用此书来实现英语上的彻底逆转。
本书使用方法:
与其看好多书,前看后忘,还不如反复把一本书看熟。因此,在心中要树立“我要把这本书上所有的题都做熟”这个目标,要有“只要把这本书学好,我的语法就是最棒的”这种信念。本书的使用方法:认真做、反复看。
做:如果时间允许的话,可以从前到后按顺序全做;如果时间不允许的话,可以挑自己不太懂的专题或重点专题有针对性地做。
查:在做别的资料上的练习遇到难题时,可以借助本书前面的目录方便地找到相应的考点,里面有讲解、有针对性的练习,从而有效地解决学生遇到的问题。
读:还有同学花费大量时间来“读”这本书,效果也非常好。“读”并不是死记硬背,因为“读”可以使“看题”的速度慢下来,从而可以使学生有更多的时间去思考、去理解掌握语法规律。本书所选习题大都语言点丰富,读熟后对提高写作能力和做完形能力的帮助也很大。
使用此书的注意事项:
速度要慢:要读完每个选项,既要知道为什么要选这个,也要知道为什么不选那几个。
标记难题:对做错的题或一些好题,要做上标记,以便随后复习。
及时复习:对标记过的题,还有用粉红底纹标记出的概念及要点,都要及时复习,这样才能提高学习效率;要反复复习,这样才能确保学习效果。
要“有效”学习:一章完全学会弄熟后再学下一章,这样才有成就感。学习最忌讳半生不熟,前学后忘。
② 初中英语语法名词全解
1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+ do
eg :I like watching monkeys jump
2 (比较级 and 比较级) 表示越来越怎么样
3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易)
4 agree with sb 赞成某人
5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样
6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界
7 along with 同……一道,伴随……
eg : I will go along with you 我将和你一起去
the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树
8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样
9 as you can see 你是知道的
10 ask for ……求助 向…要…(直接接想要的东西) eg : ask you for my book
11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么
12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事
13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen
14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的开始
15 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后;尽头;末尾 eg : At the end of the day
16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候
17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心,自信
eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test
18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时 2 将来时
19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原) 能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing
20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing
21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog
22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么
eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视
23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me
24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气
25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高
26 be ashamed to
27 be away from 远离
28 be away from 从……离开
29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好
30 be born 出生于
31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于……
32 be careful 当心;小心
33 be different from…… 和什么不一样
34 be famous for 以……著名
35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好
36 be from = come from 来自
eg :He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ?
37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water
38 be glad+to+do/从句
39 be going to + v(原) 将来时
40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于……
41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English
42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事
43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处
eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处
Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处
44 be in good health 身体健康
45 be in trouble 处于困难中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble
46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣
47 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到
48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother
49 be mad at 生某人的气
50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)
51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)
52 be not sure 表不确定
53 be on a visit to 参观
54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎
55 be quiet 安静
56 be short for 表**的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰
57 be sick in bed 生病在床
58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you
59 be sorry to hear that
60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you
61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noles
62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格
63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格
64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么
65 be sure 表确定
66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well
67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大脑(老师)
68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通过考试
69 be sure to do sth 一定会做某事
eg: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语
70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕……
71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事
72 be the same as … 和什么一样
73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事
eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早起 He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉
He is used to working hard He is used to hard work 他习惯努力工作
74 be worth doing 值得做什么
75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事 be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句
76 because+句子 because of +短语
eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache
77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么
eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home
78 between…and… 两者之间
79 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给……什么东西
eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen
80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同
81 bother 打扰 bother sb to do sth
eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station
我十分道歉打扰你,但是你能告诉我怎么去车站
the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了
He's bothering me to lend him money
82 by the end of 到……为止
83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang
84 care 关心 eg : Don't you care about this country's future ?你为什么不关心国家的未来
85 catch up with sb 赶上某人
86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈 take sb to + 地点 带某人去某地
87 come in 进来
88 come over to 过来
89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一个好办法吗?
90 communicate with sb 和某人交流
91 consider + doing 考虑做什么 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不考虑去泸州?
92 dance to 随着……跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞
93 decide to do sth 决定做某事
94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查
95 do better in 在……方面做得更好
96 do wrong 做错
97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事
98 Don't mind +doing /从句 /名词 不要介意……
99 each +名(单)每一个…… eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书
100 end up +doing
(这个网站还有)
参考资料:http://www.jxenglish.com/juniorenglish/juniorenglish/juniorenglish_385.html
③ 英语名词语法问题
1、The ___ of the buildings were broken in the hurricane.
只有 (C) 是正确的。
有些以f结尾的外来词的名词其复数形式是不规则的。如:
chief — chiefs (首领)
chef — chefs(厨师长)
roof — roofs(屋顶)
但是也有一些外来词有规则和不规则两种形式。如:
scarf — scarves 或 scarfs (围巾)
wharf — wharves 或 wharfs (码头)
hoof — hooves 或 hoofs (蹄子)
handkerchief — handkerchiefves 或 handkerchiefs(手帕)
staff — staffs或 staves(全体职员)
2、Our school is only a_____walk from my home.
本题应该选 D. ten minute’s
数词和单位名词构成的合成名词作定语,数词和单位名词之间要有连字符,单位名词只能用单数形式。如:a ten-minute walk
如果数词和单位名词分开书写,单位名词仍然用单数,但需要用名词所有格形式。以s结尾复数名词的所有格只需要把撇号(’)放在词尾 s 后,但是不能用作定语。除了少数外来词外,没有有 s’s 这种形式,所以 C 项是错误的。
3. 表示年代是 the 1990‘s还是1990s?
the 1990‘s和 the 1990s两种写法都正确,都表示“上世纪90年代”。
④ 英语语法点归纳,详细的,
从网络上截取下来的知识,希望对你有帮助。
名词和主谓一致 I. 名词的种类 专有名词 普通名词 国名地名人名,团体机构名称 可数名词 不可数名词 个体名词 集体名词 抽象名词 物质名词 特别注意名词类别的相互转换 个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换 例 句 意 义 名词性质 ①She held some flowers in her hand. ②The trees are now in flower 花儿 个体名词 开花 抽象名词 ①Youth is beautiful. ②He is a youth of twenty 青春 抽象名词 年轻人 个体名词 ①They have achieved remarkable success in their work. ②—How about the Christmas evening party? —I should say it was a success. 成功 抽象名词 成功的事 个体名词 物质名词与个体名词的相互转换 例 句 意 义 名词性质 ①Iron is a kind of metal. ②Please lend me your iron. 铁 物质名词 熨斗 个体名词 ①He broke a piece of glass. ②He broke a glass. 玻璃 物质名词 玻璃杯 个体名词 ①I bought a chicken this morning ②Please help yourself to some chicken 小鸡 个体名词 鸡肉 物质名词 抽象名词与个体名词的转换 具有动作意义的抽象名词加用与某些动词(如:have等)连 用,表示某一次短暂的动作 ①—I’d like______information about the management of your hotel,please. —Well, you could have____word with the manager. He might be helpful A.some,a B.an,some C.some,some D.an,a ②They sent us word of the latest happenings. 消息 (抽象名词) A.a B.an C./ D.the ③Could we have word before you go to the meeting? 话(个体名词) A.a B.an C./ D.the 类例:have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a look take a walk/a bath make an advance(进步)/make an early start(早点出发) /make a decision/make a change/give a cry of pain(发出痛苦的叫声) /give a try 表示知识和时间的抽象名词转换为普通名词时可以用来表示 其中的一部分 ①Many people agree that___knowledge of English is a must in____international trade today. A.a, / B.the, an C.the, the D. /, the a knowledge of truth(知道实际情况) give a fuller knowledge of China(提供关于中国更为翔实的知识) have a knowledge of shorthand(有速记的知识) ②If there were no examination, we should have______at school. A.the happiest time B.a more happier time C.much happiest time D.a much happier time ③ is money. A.The time B.A time C.Time D.Times 抽象名词转换为普通名词可用来表示“一次、一阵、一种”具体的行为、事件、现象或结 果。这时名词前往往有形容词修饰 ①Oh, John. _____you gave me! A.How a pleasant surprise B.How pleasant surprise C.What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise ②She looked up when I shouted. A.in a surprise B.in the surprise C.in surprise D.in some surprise 其它例子:The gift came as a complete surprise to me. We have had some unpleasant surprise ③It is_____work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it. A.so unusual B. such unusual C.such an unusual D.so an unusual II. 名词的数 规则名词的复数形式:名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es(参看有关语法书)。英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,请看下表 规 则 例 词 1 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2 单复数相同 sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species 3 只有复数形式 ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents 4 一些集体名词总是用作复数 people, police, cattle, staff 5 部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员) audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party 6 复数形式表示特别含义 customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟) 7 表示“某国人” 加-s Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans 单复数同形 Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese 以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women Englishmen, Frenchwomen 8 合成名词 将主体名词变为复数 sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends 无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数 grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches 将两部分变为复数 women singers, men servants III. 主谓一致 规则 情 况 举 例 语 法 一 致 原 则 以单数名词或代词动词不定式短语,动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词 用复数形式。 His father is working on the farm. To study English well is not easy. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is very important for us all. 由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式,但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。 what I bought were three English books. What I say and do is (are) helpful for you. 由连接词and或both…and连接起来的主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。但若所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物 时,它后面的谓语就用单数形式。由and 连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every 或more than a (an)/one,many a (an) 修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。either, neither, each, every 或no+单数名词和由some, any no, every构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。. Lucy and Lily are twins The writer and artist has come. Every student and every teach is in the classroom. Many a boy and many a girl likes it. No boy and no girl likes it. Each of us has a new book. Is everyone here today? Somebody is speaking in class. Everything around us is matter 若none of 后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数。若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。 None of the sugar was left. None of us has (have) been to America. 在定语从句里,关系代词that, who, which 等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 Those who want to go please write their names on the blackboard. He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the (only) one of my friends who is working hard. 在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致 It is I who am going to the cinema tonight. It is we who are going to the cinema tonight. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数形式; 如果它指的集体的成员,其谓语动词用复数形式 The police are looking for the lost child. The cattle are eating grass in the field. His family has moved to the south .(他的一家) His family are watching TV.(他的家人) Class four is on the third floor.(四班) Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.(四班的学生) 由a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the majority of+名词构成的短语以及由分数或百分数+名词构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。 There are a lot of people in the classroom. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. 50 percent of the students in our class are girls. 此外,还有a number of +复数名词有类似的用法(用复数),但the number of +复数名词的数就得依number 而定(用单数)。 A number of students have gone to the farm to help the farmer pick apples. The number of pages in this book is three hundred. 在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致 There comes the bus. On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts. Between the two hills stands a monument. 逻 辑 意 义 一 致 原 则 What, who, which, any, more, all 等代词可以是单数,也可是复数, 主要靠意思来决定。 Which is your bag? Which are your bags? Are any of you good at English? Has any of you got a pen? All can be done has been done. All is going well. All have been taken out. All have gone to Beijing. 表示时间重量长度价值等的名词的复数作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式,这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。 Thirty minutes is enough for the work.. Twenty pounds is too dear. 如强调这类词的复数意义,则谓语动词要用复数形式 Forty kilos of water are used every day. 若英语是书名名格言剧名报名国名等的复数形式,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。 The United States is smaller than China. “The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book. 表数量的短语“one and a half”后面接复数名词作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。 One and a half apples is left on the table. 一些学科名词是以-ics结尾,如:mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works 等。都属于形式上是复数的名词, 实际意义为单数名词, 它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。 The paper works was built in 1990.这家造纸厂建于1990年。 I don’t think physics is easy to study. trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, scissors (剪刀)等词作主语时,谓语用复数,但如果这些名词前有a(the) pair of 等量词修饰时(clothes被a suit of 修饰)谓语动词用单数。 My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes under the bed is his. “定冠词the+形容词或分词”,表示某一类人动词用复数;若表示某一类东西时,动词用单数。 The old are taken good care of there. The beautiful gives pleasure to all. 就 近 /远 一 致 原 则 当两个主语由either or, neither nor, not only but also ,whether or 连接时,谓语动词和邻近的主语保持一致,即就近一致。 Either the teacher or the students are our friends. Neither he nor they are wholly right. Neither they nor he is wholly right. Is neither he nor they wholly right? there be 句型中be 动词的单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and 连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致,即就近一致。 There are two chairs and a desk in the room. There is a desk and two chairs in the room. 主语后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, besides, along with, including, in addition to 等引起的短语, 谓语动词要跟主语一致,即就远一致。 Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. A woman with a baby was on the bus. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. She, like you and Tom, is very tall. The girls as well as the boy have learned to speak Japanese. No one except my teachers knows anything about it.
⑤ 英语关于名词语法
Hi!这里是我对你问题的回答:
你的第一个问题:
women是woman的复数形式。这属于复合名词,
两个组成部分均为表示人的主体词,
所以在变复数时,
两部分都要由单数变成复数。记住:以man或woman为前缀的名词变复数时,前后两个名词都变成复数。
你的第二个问题:Boy在作名词时,译作男孩。这里要涉及一些复合名词的知识。记住:以两个名词构成的复合名词(前面的名词为man或woman除外),一般把后面的名词变复数
来自网络知道。
参考资料:http://ke..com/link?url=-mVWKu8V-IAtrEun4uK#4
拓展:复合名词,英语为compound
nouns,是指两个名词直接连在一起构成的复合词,用法简洁,可以被看作一种固定形式。有些中间带连字符,有些没有。
⑥ 语法梳理用英语怎么说
梳理叫 comb
例句 :She is combing her dark tresses. 她正在梳理她那黑发。
⑦ 英语语法总结,所有的
一、非谓语动词
“非谓语动词”可分为动词不定式、动名词和分词。它在句子中的作用很多:除了不作谓语外,它可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语与复合宾语(主语补语或宾语补语)。有些及物动词后面接不带to的不定式作复合宾语。这些动词归纳如下:一感(feel).二听(hear,listen to),三让(have,1et, make),四看(see,watCh,notice,observe)。再加上help somebody(to)do something和美国英语look at somebody do somthing。还有“二让”属特殊:get somebody to do something 与keep somebody doing。而有些及物动词后面接动名词(the -ing form)作宾语。这些动词归纳为一句话:Papa C makes friends。这是由如下动词的开头字母组成:permit,advise, practise,avoid,consider,mind, allow,keep,enjoy,suggest, finish,risk,imagine,escape,need,delay,stand(忍受)。 为了容易记住,也可以编成顺口溜:“允许完成练习,建议避免冒险,考虑延期逃跑,喜欢保持想象,需要反对忍受”。其相对应的动词依次是:permit/allow,finish,practise;
advise/suggest, avoid,risk: consider, delay, escape/miss; enjoy/appreciate, keep, imagine; need/want/require,mind. can't help/can’t stand。
二、复合句
1、学生最容易混淆的是定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
例如:A、The news that our team has won the match is true. (同位语从句)
B、The news that he told us surprised everybody here. (定语从句)
关键的区别在于连接或关系代词that:有意义的是定语, 无意义的是同位。因为引导定语从句的that在从句中作主语或 宾语,而引导同位语从句的that只起到连接词的作用。
2、接着容易混淆的是引导定语从句的关系代词that与 which:that之前是不定(代词)、序数(词)、(形容词)最高级:which之前是介词短语与逗号(非限制性)。
例如:A、All that we have to do is to practise every day.
B、The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.
C、I have lost my pen,which I like very much.
D、The house in front of which there is a garden is my home.
三、It的用法
1、It除了代替人和物以外,还可以作形式主语。而真正的主语(不定式、动名词或从句)则放于谓语或表语之后。
例如:It is nor easy to finish the work in two days.
然而有少数表语之后接动名词作真正的主语。这些表语是:无助(no help)、无用(no use)、没好处(no good);工作(hard work)、费时(a waste of time)、又危险(a danger)。
例如:A、It is no use crying over spilt milk.
B、It is a waste of time waiting for him.
2、It还可以作形式宾语。通常下列动词后面可接it作形式宾语:2f2tcjm(find,feel,think,take,consider,judge, make)。
例如:A、He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject.
B、I think it no use arguing with him.
3、It用于强调句式。要强调句子的某一部分(主语、宾语、 状语),可以把it当作先行词。这种句子的结构是:It is(was)+ 被强调部分+that(who)+句子的其余部分。
例如:A、It iS Professor Lin who teaches us English—(强调主语)
B、It was in Shanghai that l saw the film.—(强调状语)
C、It was in 1990 that I worked in the factory.(同上)
但要注意与定语从句的区别。
例如:D、It was 1990 when I worked in the factory.(定语从句)
在强调句式里,我们把强调结构It is(was)…that除去,句子还很完整。如例句C。而例句D就不能。
四、倒装结构
学生容易混淆的是全部倒装与部分倒装。如何区分之,编个顺口溜:副(adv.)介(prep.)提前全倒装,其它句式部分倒;否定提前倒助动,让步状语倒表语;复合句式倒主句,不
倒装的属特殊。下面举例说明:
A、Here comes the bus.(副词提前,全倒装)
B、Here he comes.(代词作主语,不倒装)
C、In front of the house lies a garden.(介词短语提前,全倒装)
D、Never shall I do this again.(否定词提前,部分倒装)
E、Young as he is ,he knows a lot.(让步状语从句,表语倒装)
F、Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.(only 修饰状语,主句倒装)
G、Only he can save the patient.(only修饰主语.不倒装)
H、Not only will help be given to people,but also medical treatment will be provided.(否定词提前,部分倒装)
I、Not only he but also we like sports.(连接两个主语,不倒装)
五、虚拟语气
虚拟语气也是一个难点。所谓虚拟语气是表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实。它通过句子的谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。现归纳如下:纯假设,用虚拟,动词时态退一级:条件句,分主从,主句谓语前加would (should,could,might);表愿望,用虚拟,wish后面接宾语(从句):现在过去与将来,动词时态退一级:提建议,用虚拟,宾语(从句)动词用(should)do:俩建议,三要求,再加坚持与命令(suggest,advise,demand,require,request,insist,order):It is time和eoukd rather,后接丛句用虚拟:部分主语从句中, 谓语用虚拟结构 (It is necessry /important/natural/natural/strange/strange that……should do)。 下面举例说明:
A、If you came tomorrow,we would have the metting. (条件句虚拟)
B、Without air,there would be no living things.(同上)
C、We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.(表示愿望虚拟)
D、He demanded that we (should)start right away.(表示建议虚拟)
E、It is(high)time that we left (should leave)now.(特殊从句虚拟)
F、I would rather you gave me the book.(同上)
G、It is necessary that we should clean the room everyday,(主语从句虚拟)
H、He speaks English so fluently as if he were English. (特殊从句虚拟)
⑧ 初中英语语法归纳一、名词的可数和不可数
各数名词,有复数,不可数名词没有复数,只能用于单数的句子中,表示它的数量要加上相应的明基和间期of
名词的复数变化规则分为规则变化和不规则变化