❶ 初三英语被动语态,
表示“使、让”的动词make, have等,以及感官动词see, watch, observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at等,在主动语态中,接不定式做宾语补足语时,不定式前的 to 要省略,而变为被动语态时,成为主语补足语的不定式,则必须带to。如:
I saw him go into the teachers’office. →He was seen to go into the teachers’office.
看见他进入了教师办公室。
(3) 带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时,既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语,而在间接宾语前加to 或for留在动词之后;也可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语,而直接宾语留在动词之后。但一般采用后一种用法。如:
He gave me the pen last year. →I was given the pen last year. / The pen was given to me last year. 这支笔是去年给我的。
一般说来,间接宾语前带to的动词有:bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, post, send, show, take, teach, tell, write, throw等;间接宾语前带for的动词有:book, buy, call, cook, do, get, make, save等
❷ 初中英语被动语态
被动语态
1. 构成:主语 + be动词 + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者)。应用到各时态和句型里的形内式如下(用于不同容时态的用法和注意事项请参照"语法结构"中的相关内容):
1) 一般现在时:am/ is/ are done
2) 现在进行时:am/ is/ are being done
3) 现在完成时:have/ has been done
4) 现在完成进行时:have/ has been being done
5) 一般将来时:will be done
以应该用将来时的被动语态。
6) 将来进行时:will be being done
7) 将来完成时:will have been done
18) 不定式的被动语态:to be done
❸ 英语的被动语态初三的 搞不清楚什么动宾就该用被动 我在参考书看的 请告诉我谢谢
给你举个例子吧
I give a book to him. 这个句子中,give a book是一个动宾结构,动词版是give(及物动词)宾语是(a book ),这是一个主动语权态,也就是说,give 这个动作的发起者就是主语I。
假如,这个句子用a book作主语,那么a book 跟动词give就是被动关系了,书只能被给,所以就要用被动语态,变成:
A book is given to him by me.
我想你所说的动宾就该用被动,意思是,动宾结构中,假如宾语当主语的话,就要用被动。
被动语态的表达方式:be+动词的过去分词
不明白的欢迎继续追问!
❹ 英语初三被动语态
一、被动语态的构成形式
1. 被动语态的基本时态变化
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be+过去分词构成,be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为:
1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时
例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2) has /have been done 现在完成时
例All the preparations for the task have been
completed, and we're ready to start. 3) am/is /are being done 现在进行时 例A new cinema is being built here. 4) was/were done 一般过去时
例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
5) had been done 过去完成时
例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.
6) was/were being done 过去进行时
例A meeting was being held when I was there. 7) shall/will be done 一般将来时
例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 8) should/would be done 过去将来时
例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
9) shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用) 例The project will have been completed before July. 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式
1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+be+过去分词。
例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动
结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改
为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。
例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
4)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。
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例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
例The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 3. 非谓语动词的被动语态
v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。
例I don't like being laughed at in the public. 二、 如何使用被动语态
学习被动语态时,不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构,还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。
1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。
例 My bike was stolen last night. 2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。
例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.
3. 为了更好地安排句子。
例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. (一个主语就够了) 三、 It is said that+从句及其他类似句型
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.”。有:
It is said that„ 据说,It is reported that„据报道,It is believed that„大家相信,It is hoped that„大家希望,It is well known that„众所周知,It is thought that„大家认为,It is suggested that„据建议。
例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. (=The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ) 四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1.英语中有很多动词如 break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。 例 This kind of cloth washes well.
注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较:The door won't lock. (指门本身有毛病)
The door won't be locked. (指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因)
2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如:happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come
true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。
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例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢?
3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
例Your reason sounds reasonable 五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。 1. 在need,want,require, bear等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 例The house needs repairing(to be repaired).这房子需要修理。
2. 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。 例The picture-book is well worth reading.(=The picture-book is very worthy to be read.)
3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. (to do与things是动宾关系,与I是主谓关系。)
试比较:I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)
4. 在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。 例This problem is difficult to work out .(可看作to work out省略了for me).
5. 在too„ to„结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
6. 在there be„句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,
不定式用主动式作定语,重点在人,用被动形式作定语,重点在物。 例There is no time to lose(to be lost).(用 to lose可看成for us to lose;用to be lost,谁 lost time不明确。) 7. 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?
六、介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义
表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用,含被动之义,其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式,名词前一般不用冠词。
1. “under +名词”结构,表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有:under control(受控制), under treatment(在治疗中), under
例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
例The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 3. 非谓语动词的被动语态
v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。
例I don't like being laughed at in the public. 二、 如何使用被动语态
学习被动语态时,不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构,还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。
1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。
例 My bike was stolen last night. 2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。
例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.
3. 为了更好地安排句子。
例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. (一个主语就够了) 三、 It is said that+从句及其他类似句型
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.”。有:
It is said that„ 据说,It is reported that„据报道,It is believed that„大家相信,It is hoped that„大家希望,It is well known that„众所周知,It is thought that„大家认为,It is suggested that„据建议。
例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. (=The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ) 四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1.英语中有很多动词如 break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。 例 This kind of cloth washes well.
注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较:The door won't lock. (指门本身有毛病)
The door won't be locked. (指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因)
2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如:happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come
true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。 例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢?
3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
例Your reason sounds reasonable 五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。 1. 在need,want,require, bear等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 例The house needs repairing(to be repaired).这房子需要修理。
2. 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。 例The picture-book is well worth reading.(=The picture-book is very worthy to be read.)
3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. (to do与things是动宾关系,与I是主谓关系。)
试比较:I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)
4. 在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。 例This problem is difficult to work out .(可看作to work out省略了for me).
5. 在too„ to„结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
6. 在there be„句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,
不定式用主动式作定语,重点在人,用被动形式作定语,重点在物。 例There is no time to lose(to be lost).(用 to lose可看成for us to lose;用to be lost,谁 lost time不明确。) 7. 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?
六、介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义
表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用,含被动之义,其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式,名词前一般不用冠词。
1. “under +名词”结构,表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有:under control(受控制), under treatment(在治疗中), under
不着), out of fashion(不流行)等。 例 The plane was out of control (can’t be controlled). 。
8.“within+名词”结构,“在„„内、不超过„„”。 例He took two days off within the teacher's permission
四. 如何正确使用被动语态
1. 有些动词带有两个宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语,变被动语态时,可把其中一个宾语变成主语,另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。需要注意的是:若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语,需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“to”。
eg. He often tells us interesting stories . (主动语态)
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..(被动语态)
▲常带双宾语的词有:tell , show , lend , pass等。
2. 在主动语态中,某些动词之后带有复合宾语,即宾语和宾语补足语,这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当,to被省略,但在被动语态中,这个to还要还原。
eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . (主动语态)
复合宾语
宾语补足语宾语
She is often heard to sing this popular song .(被动语态) ▲ 有这种用法的常用动词有:make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice等。
3. 有些“be +过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态,它们有可能是“系表结构(即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语)。”
比较:(1)
)()(.FengpingbyclosedisdoorThe.closedisdoorThe被动语态。
这个门是由冯平来关的系表结构门是关着的。
(2)
)()(.MarybybrokenwasglassThe.brokenisglassThe被动语态。的这个玻璃杯是玛丽弄坏
系表结构。
这个玻璃杯是坏的 4. 只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词+介词词组才可以有被动语态。 eg.
)
()
(..错误正确
)()(..seadeeptheinddisappeare
dolphinThe错误
❺ 初中英语语法被动语态
第一类:be(“是/存在”)动词的各种时态结构:
一 般 现 在 时
I am….
You are.…
He/She/It is….
We/You/They are….
一 般 将 来 时
(1)(I等各人称) will be….
(2)I am going to be…
He/She/It is going to be…
We/You/They are going to be…
现 在 完 成 时
I have been….
You have been….
She/he/It has been….
We/You/They have been….
一 般 过 去 时
I was….
You were.…
He/She/It was….
We/You/They were….
过 去 将 来 时
(1)(I等各人称) would be….
(2)I was going to be…
He/She/It was going to be…
We/You/They were going to be…
过 去 完 成 时
I had been….
You had been….
She/he/It had been….
We/You/They had been….
第二类:行为动词的各种时态结构:
一 般 现 在 时
动词用原形(单三人称动词加s / es)
(问句和否定句借用助词do / does)
一 般 过 去 时
动词用过去式
(问句和否定句借用助词did)
现 在 进 行 时
am +动词-ing
is +动词-ing
are +动词-ing
过 去 进 行 时
was +动词-ing
were +动词-ing
一 般 将 来 时
(1)will + 动词原形
(2)am +going to+动词原形
Is +going to+动词原形
are +going to+动词原形
过 去 将 来 时
(1)would + 动词原形
(2)was +going to+动词原形
were +going to+动词原形
现 在 完 成 时
have +过去分词
has +过去分词
过 去 完 成 时
had +过去分词
❻ 谁有初中英语语法被动语态的笔记,最好越详细越好
其实,初中的被动语态,结构记清楚,就非常可以了,然后把中考要背的几个被动语态的短语记下。被动语态全部和VPP有关,所以最后的动词都用VPP形式。那个变化的只有BE动词了
初中只分一般:一般现在am is are+vpp一般过去:was were+vpp一般将来will be+vpp
然后是进行时:现在进行时:am is are +being+vpp过去进行时:was were+being+vpp
然后是完成时:have /has+been+vpp过去完成时 had+been+vpp,结构背完了就记得by+SB。
如果你就把所有主动语态当作把字句,被动语态当成汉语的被字句,就比较好改了。然后区别找be made of ,be made from ,be made in ,be made by.还有最关键的use这个用法考试比较常考不be used to doing,used to do .be used to do .这三个中考考试特别注意。什么有许多树被钟啊,楼被盖啊,谁谁谁被送往医院啊,刘翔被训练啊。工作必须做啊。还有be allowed to do .
be asked to do还要记得那些词不能用语被动语态比如happen belong to等.
推荐一本书给你吧:五年中考三年模拟。它不会像其他语法书一样,包含了超过初中的东西,它只是针对初中,针对中考。语法带习题。
❼ 英语语法被动语态
语态表达主语和谓来语之源间的关系,主语是动作的发出者就是主动语态,主语是动作的承受者就是被动语态。被动语态的基本结构是be+done,具体每句话按照其相应的时态都有个被动语态的结构,这个从语法书上找,也可以自己理解着推导。 另外需要注意的是,被动语态的动词必须是及物动词,如果是不及物动词就不能变成被动语态的句子。具体结构如下:
一般现在时:am is are+done
现在进行时:am is are +being done
过去进行时:was were +being done
现在完成时:have has +been+done
过去完成时:had+been+done
一般将来时:will be done
过去将来时:would+be done
一般过去时:was were+ done
❽ 英语被动语态的语法要点
当主动语态要被改成被动的时候,我们把原句的宾语提前,作为该句的主语,主语后置,作为宾语。因此有一点要注意,不及物动词由于不加宾语,没有被动形式,但不及物动词如果与某些介词构成介词短语,可以用被动。例如The fire had been put out before the fireman arrived. Put在此处是不及物动词,但put out是及物动词。 TENSE 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 be+V.V.s amisare+(p.p) 一般将来时 wille going to will be +(p.p) 现在进行时 amisare+V.ing amisare+being+(p.p) 一般过去时 ①waswere②V.ed waswere+(p.p) 现在完成时 havehas+V.p.p havehas+been+(p.p) 过去完成时 had+V.p.p had+been+(p.p) 过去进行时 waswere+V.ing waswere+being+(p.p) 情态动词 情态动词+V. 情态动词+be+(p.p) ①(,一般将来时):am, is, are, was, were, is going to be , will be+done . 例如: Once environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the system to recover. 本句的意思是:“环境一旦遭到破坏,需要多年时间才能恢复过来。”do作为及物动词有“引起,产生”的含义,do damage的意思是“造成破坏”。主语damage是及物动词do的动作对象,谓语应当用被动语态。
④ 其他时态以此类推,可得到结果。
⑤情态动词的被动语态:主语 + 情态动词 + be动词 + 动词过去分词,例如Your teeth must be brushed.
⑥不定式的被动语态:to be done例:The no-shows have to be considered when deciding the rate of overbooking.(确定超过接待能力的预定时必须考虑预定了房间却来不了的客人。 ① 有些动词在主动结构中,后面接不带to的不定式,但如果改为被动,则需把省略的to加上,这类动词有 [let, make, have,help]和感官动词[feel,see,hear,watch,look at,listen to],如:The boss made my grandfather work 10hours a day.改成My grandfather was made to work for 10 hours a day.
② 含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动,通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语,从句放在句子后面/也可采用另一种形式,这类动词有:know, say, believe, find, think, report等
③ 不是所有的主动句都可以变换成被动句,更不是所有的被动句都可以自由变换成主动句。虽然语法原则上允许主动和被动句的互相转换,但有的句子转换后会变成不通顺或不地道的英语句子。因此,在某些题目里,这也成为判断应该用主动还是用被动的依据。
例:At 5:05 p.m. on Saturday 19th July , there was an accident at the junction of the Main Street and Panda Road when a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van. The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital where he was treated for shock and a broken arm.
在这段文章里,a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van这句被动句强调出读到文章的人最关心的事故的受害者。The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital这句话则说明了孩子被送到医院的事实,至于是由谁(某个过路人?或肇事司机?)送的不重要。he was treated for shock and a broken arm这句被动句无须说出treat这个动作的发出者,因为在医院,伤病员自然由医务人员处理,无须啰嗦。这样,这段文章就重点突出,条理清楚了。
④ 有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。多是把间接宾语变为主语。这样句子自然些。直接宾语变为主语时,间接宾语要变为某个介词的宾语,介词to可以省略。如His father left him this house.改为This house was left (to) him by his father.
⑤ 有些动词虽为及物,但宾语并非是动作承受者,不能转换,这些动词有have, hold(容纳),suit, fit, lack, become(适合)contain, cost, last, mean, suffice(足够)等。
⑥ 当直接宾语为反身代词、相互代词或宾语前有指代主语的物主代词时不用被动,如I shook my head.我摇摇头。
⑦ 当宾语为同源宾语(与主句指同一人),动名词,动词不定式或一个从句时不用被动。如John enjoyed seeing the fil,.
⑧ 在一些固定说法中,有些名词和动词结合的固定说法,不能改We Chinese always keep our word.
⑨ 某些从不及物动词转化来的及物动词,直接宾语在表示动作的方式或效果时,这些动词在意思上起状语的作用,没有被动The girl kissed her boyfriend good night=The girl said good night to her boyfriend by kissing him.(这个女孩说了晚安并且亲了他的男朋友)
⑩ 表地点处所组织长度大小数量程度抽象名词的词做宾语时不用被动.
⑪ 某些“不及物动词+介词”短语walk into, listen to, sleep in, agree with, shake hands with, belong to, take part in, keep up with不能用被动。
⑫ 某些词用主动表被动:sell, miss, build, grow, smell, taste, sound, feel等