英语词类语法知识

1. 英语语法的词类和句类

名词（noun）是指人或事物的名称。名词一般分为专有名词（proper noun）和普通名词（common noun）。专有名词是个别的人、事物、地点、团体、机构等专有的名称，首字母通常大写。名词按其所表示的事物的性质也可以分为可数名词（countable noun）和不可数名词（uncountable noun），可数名词有单数和复数形式。
1.名词的数 名词的复数变化类别构成方法读音例词规则变化一般情况加-s清辅音后读/s/，浊辅音和元音后读/z/；在/s/，/z/，/ʃ/，/tʃ/，/dʒ/等后读/iz/book—books以-s，-x，-ch，-sh等结尾加-esclass—classes以辅音字母加-y结尾去-y加-iesparty—parties以o结尾，且没有生命直接加sphoto—photos以o结尾，且有生命加estomatoes不规则变化不规则同形不变sheep—sheep变元音不规则man—men其他不规则child—children2.名词所有格（possessive case of nouns）
名词所有格表示所属关系。 名词所有格的构成方法类别构成方法读音例词单数名词以-s结尾加-'s读作/iz/the actress's film不以-s结尾与名词复数词尾-s读音相同your father's birthday 复数名词不以-s结尾Children's Day以-s结尾加-'不变my parents' room其他不能加‘s的名词... of ...the door of the room 代词（pronoun）用于代替名词等。代词分为人称代词（personal pronoun）、物主代词（possessive pronoun）、指示代词（demonstrative pronoun）、反身代词（reflexive pronoun）、相互代词（reciprocal pronoun）、疑问代词（interrogative pronoun）、关系代词（relative pronoun）、连接代词（conjunctive pronoun）和不定代词（indefinite pronoun）。
1.人称代词代替人或事物的名称，分为主格人称代词和宾格人称代词两种。 人称代词类别第一人称第二人称第三人称单数主格Iyouhesheit宾格mehimher复数主格wethey宾格usthem2.物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，置于名词前做定语。名词性物主代词相当于名词，不能用于名词前。 物主代词类别第一人称第二人称第三人称单数形容词性myyourhisherits名词性mineyourshers复数形容词性ouryourtheir名词性oursyourstheirs3.反身代词 反身代词类别第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves 数词表示数量或顺序等。分为基数词（cardinal number）和序数词（ordinal number）。
1.基数词表示数目的多少。 1—12one，two，three，……，twelve十几（13—19）相应词后加-teen 整十数（20—90）相应词后后加-ty几十几（21—99）在十位数和个位数之间加连词符大数（100，1000，……）hundred，thousand，million，billion，trillion，2.序数词表示事物的先后顺序，常与定冠词the连用。 1—5,first，second，third,fourth,fifth6—19相应词后加-th20—90(如20.30.40等）去-y加-ieth21—99（个位数不为0）十位用基数词，个位用序数词，用连词符连接 动词的第三人称单数形式 动词的第三人称单数形式一般情况加-s在清辅音后读/s/；在浊辅音和元音后读/z/；在/s/，/z/，/ʃ/，/tʃ/，/dʒ/等后读/iz/help—helps以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾加-esteach—teaches以辅音字母加-y结尾去-y加-iesstudy—studies动词-ing形式 动词的-ing形式一般情况加-ing读/iŋ/go—going以-e结尾去-e加-ingwrite—writing以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写辅音字母加-ingget—getting/s/，/z/，/ʃ/，/tʃ/，/dʒ/等后读/iz/
情态动词本身就具有一定的词义，但要与动词原形以及其被动语态一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。情态动词后面加动词原形。
1)情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
2)情态动词除ought 和have外，后面只能接不带to的不定式。
3)情态动词不随人称的变化而变化，即情态动词的第三人称单数不加-s。
4)情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式、分词等形式。 感叹词是用来表示说话时表达的喜、怒、哀、乐等情感的词。它不构成后面句子的一个语法成分，却在意义上与它有关联，后面的句子一般说明这种情绪的性质、原因。感叹词是英语口语中最富有表现力的词语之一，用途甚广。下面是感叹词的用法：
Oh 表示惊讶、指责、痛苦、称赞、懊恼等，可译为“哦”、“哎呀”、“噢”“啊”、“呀”等。例如：
（1）. "Oh, who was that?" Mr. Black asked. “哦，是谁？”布莱克先生问。
（2）. "Oh, how blind you are!" he cried. “哎呀，你难道瞎了吗！”他大声道。
（3）."Oh，what that？！！！" I asked。“噢,那是什么？”我问道。 1、动名词V-ing：动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。动名词有时态和语态的变化。
2、动词不定式：由to+动词原形构成。不定式是一种非限定性动词。而非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词，可分为不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
3、分词[participle]：具有动词及形容词二者特征的词；尤指以ing、ed、d、t、en或n结尾的英语动词性形容词，具有形容词功能，同时又表现各种动词性特点，如时态，语态、带状语性修饰语的性能及带宾词的性能。

2. 英语最基础的词性和语法我搞不懂

我记得有本叫"黑马"的语法书，那上面讲得挺仔细的。那书也挺实用、
上课多注意老师的用语，可加快理解和加深记忆。

3. 英语语法知识（词性）

英语单词词性
n. 名词 v. 动词 pron. 代词
adj. 形容词 adv. 副词 num.数词
art. 冠词 prep. 介词 conj. 连词
interj. 感叹词
英语词性缩写
prep = 介系词；前置词，preposition的缩写
pron = 代名词，pronoun的缩写
n = 名词，noun的缩写
v = 动词，兼指及物动词和不及物动词，verb的缩写
conj = 连接词 ，conjunction的缩写
s = 主词
sc = 主词补语
o = 受词
oc = 受词补语
vi = 不及物动词，intransitive verb的缩写
vt = 及物动词，transitive verb的缩写
aux.v = 助动词 ，auxiliary的缩写
adj = 形容词，adjective的缩写
adv = 副词，adverb的缩写
art = 冠词，article的缩写
num = 数词，numeral的缩写
int = 感叹词，interjection的缩写
u = 不可数名词，uncountable noun的缩写
c = 可数名词，countable noun的缩写
pl = 复数，plural的缩写
语气词 int.
缩写词 abbr.

4. 在英语语法中，词性共有多少种

名词 noun
专有源名词 proper noun
普通名词 common noun
可数名词 countable noun
不可数名词 uncountable noun等11种
动词 verb
主动词 main verb
及物动词 transitive verb
不及物动词 intransitive verb等15种

副词 adverb
方式副词 adverb of manner
程度副词 adverb of degree
时间副词 adverb of time等8种
代词 pronoun
人称代词 personal pronoun
物主代词 possesive pronoun
反身代词 reflexive pronoun等11种
冠词 article
定冠词 definite article
不定冠词 indefinite article总共3种
数词 numeral
基数词 cardinal numeral
序数词 ordinal numeral
分数词 fractional numeral总共3种

5. 初一都应该知道那些英语知识，词性，语法都应该知道哪些呢

楼主，您好一、初一英语语法——词法
1、名词
A）、名词的数
我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：
一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, ty-ties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯
五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员
九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡
十一） 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如：Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen

B）名词的格

当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：

一）单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s

二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节

三）由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个’s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间（共住一间），Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）

2、代词

项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词
人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself
he him his his himself
it it its its this that itself
复数 they them their theirs these those themselves
3、动词
A） 第三人称单数
当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：
一）一般在词后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes
三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
四）以o结尾加es。如：does, goes
五）特殊的有：are-is, have-has
B） 现在分词
当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：
一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于4、形容词的级
我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：
一） 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest

二）以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母＋1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest

三） 以辅音字母＋y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
四）特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)

good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst
little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest
5、数词 (基变序，有规则；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾，变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
二、初一英语语法——句式
1.陈述句
肯定陈述句 a) This is a book. (be动词)

b) He looks very young. (连系动词)

c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词)

d) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词)

e) There’s a computer on my desk. (There be结构)

否定陈述句 a) These aren’t their books. b) They don’t look nice.

c) Kate doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can’t find her doll.

e) There isn’t a cat here. (=There’s no cat here.)

2. 祈使句

肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let’s learn English!

c) Come in, please.

否定祈使句a) Don’t be late. b) Don’t hurry.

3. 疑问句

1) 一般疑问句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?

d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?

肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.

否定回答: a) No, he isn’t. b) No, you can’t. c) No, she doesn’t. d) No, they don’t. e) No, she isn’t.

2) 选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.

3) 特殊疑问句

① 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.

② 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.

③ 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.

④ 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.

How do we contact you? My e-mail address is [email protected].

⑤ 问原因 Why do you want to join the club?

⑥ 问时间 What’s the time? (=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to ten a.m..

What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.

When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.

⑦ 问地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.

⑧ 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue.

What’s your favourite color? It’s black.

⑨ 问人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.

Who is the boy in blue? My brother.

Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.

Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?

⑩ 问东西 What’s this/that (in English)? It’s a pencil case.

What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.

11问姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.

What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.

What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.

12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box.

13 问字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.

14 问价格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.

15 问电话号码 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.

16 问谓语(动作) What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.

17 问职业(身份) What do you do? I’m a teacher.

What’s your father? He’s a doctor.

三、初一英语语法——时态

1、一般现在时 表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它有：

Be 动词：She’s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.

情态动词：I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.

行为动词：They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.

Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.

2、现在进行时 表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它.

I’m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.

Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.

They’re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.谢谢采纳！

6. 英语语法大全

初三英语总复习资料
介词
I. 要点
1、介词和种类
(1) 简单介词，常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。
(2) 复合介词，如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。
2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系
(1) 和动词的搭配，如agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about等。
(2) 和形容词的搭配，如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at
(3) 和名词的搭配，如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to等.
3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语，这种修饰语通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely等少数几个副词。如：
He came right after dinner.
He lives directly opposite the school.
4、 某些介词的意义与用法举例
(1) at, on, in(表时间)
表示时间点用at,如at four o'clock, at midnight等；表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。
指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September lst等。
指长于或短于一天的时段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999等。
(2) between, among(表位置)
between仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也用between, 如
I'm sitting between Tom and Alice.
The village lies between three hills.
among用于三者或三者以上之间。如：He is the best among the students.
(3) beside, besides
beside意为"在…旁边"，而besides意为"除…之外"。如：
He sat beside me.
What do you want besides this?
(4)in the tree, on the tree
in the tree 指动物或人在树上，而on the tree 指果实、树叶长在树上
(5)on the way, in the way, by the way, in this way
on the way 指在路上 in the way 指挡道
by the way 指顺便问一句 in this way 用这样的方法
(6)in the corner, at the corner
in the corner 指在拐角内 at the corner 指在拐角外
(7)in the morning, on the morning
in the morning 是一般说法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨
(8)by bus, on the bus
by bus 是一般说法 on the bus 特指乘某一辆车
II. 例题
例1 Do you know any other foreign language____ English?
A except B but C beside D besides
解析：A、B两项except等于but，意为"除了…"，C-beside意为"在…旁边"，不符合题意。而D-besides, 意为"除了…之外，还有"。所以该题正确答案为D。该题意为：除了英语外，你还知道别的语言吗？
例2 He suddenly returned ____ a rainy night.
A on B at C in D ring
解析：我们均知道，at night这一短语，但如果night前有修饰词，表具体的夜晚，则要用介词on来修饰，故该题正确答案为A。
例3 I'm looking forward ____your letter.
A to B in C at D on
解析：该题正确答案为A。look forward to 为固定搭配，意为"期望、盼望"。
连词
I. 要点
1、 连词的种类
(1) 并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句，如and, for, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor等。
(2) 从属连词用来引导从句，如that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as等。
除了从属连词(引导状语从句)外，还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类。它们是连接代词和连接副词(引导名词性从句)，关系代词和关系副词(引导定语从句)。
2、 常用连词举例
(1)and 和，并且
They drank and sang all night.
(2) both…and 和， 既…也…
Both my parents and I went there.
(3) but 但是，而
I'm sad, but he is happy.
(4) either…or 或…或…， 要么…要么…
Either you're wrong, or I am.
(5) for因为
I asked him to stay, for I had something to tell him.
(6) however 然而，可是
Af first, he didn't want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go.
(7) neither…nor 既不…也不
Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you.
(8) not only…but(also) 不但…而且…
He not only sings well, but also dances well.
(9) or 或者，否则
Hurry up, or you'll be late.
Are you a worker or a doctor?
(10) so 因此，所以
It's getting late, so I must go.
(11) although 虽然
Although it was late, they went on working.
(12) as soon as 一 …就
I'll tell him as soon as I see him.
(13) because 因为
He didn't go to school, because he was ill.
(14)unless 除非，如果不
I won't go unless it is fine tomorrow.
(15)until 直到…
He didn't leave until eleven. (瞬间动词用于not… until 结构)
He stayed there until eleven.
(16)while 当…时候，而 (表示对比)
While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while后不可用瞬间动词)
My pen is red while his is blue.
(17)for 因为
He was ill, for he didn't come. (结论是推断出来的)
(18)since自从…
I have lived here since my uncle left.
(19)hardly… when 一… 就
I had hardly got to the station when the train left.
(20)as far as 就… 来说
As far as I know, that country is very small.
You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那里)
II. 例题
例1 John plays football ____, if not better than, David.
A as well B as well as C so well D so well as
解析：该题意为：John踢足球如果不比David好的话，那也踢得和David一样好。 和…一样好为as well as. 故该题正确答案为B.
例2 She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
A when B where C which D while
解析：该处意为"然而"，只有while有此意思，故选D。
例3 Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?
A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise
解析：该处意为"或者"，正确答案为C。
动词时态、语态
I. 要点
1、 一般现在时
(1) 表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态，常与sometimes, always, often, every day等时间状语连用。如：Sometimes, we go swimming after school.
(2) 表示客观真理、科学事实等。如：The earth goes round the sun.
2、 现在进行时
(1) 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作，常与now, at present等时间状语连用。如：
What are you doing now?
(2) 和always, continually等连用，表一种经常反复的动作，常含有某种情感。如：
He is always doing good deeds.
3、 现在完成时
主要表示动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，或动作一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去，常与just, already, so far, once, never 等词连用。如:Have you ever been to Beijing?
4、一般将来时
表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow, next year等连用。如：
I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.
We're going to see a film next Monday.
5、一般过去时
表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等词连用。如：It happened many years ago.
6、过去进行时
表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作。如：
What were you doing this time yesterday?
7、 过去完成时
表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。如：
The train had already left before we arrived.
8、一般过去将来时
表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作。如：
He said he would come, but he didn't.
9、被动语态 被动语态的时态，以give为例。
时／式 一般 进行 完成
现在 am is given are am is being are has been given have
过去 was given were was being given were had been given
将来 shall be given will shall have been given will
过去将来 should be given would should have been given would

II.例题
例1 I learned that her father ____ in 1950.
A had died B died C dead D is dead
解析：该题正确答案为B。从句中的谓语动词动作虽然发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前，但因从句中有明确的过去时间状语in 1950, 所以不用过去完成时态，而用一般过去时态。
例2 The five-year-old girl ____ by her parents.
A is looked B has looked for
C is being looked for D has been looked
解析：该题正确答案为C。在带有介词的动词短语用于被动语态句中，介词不能省，否则就变成了不及物动词短语，而不能用于被动语态的句子中。
短语动词
I. 要点
英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体，其用法有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词，有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种：
(1) 动词＋介词
常见的有look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如：
Don't laugh at others.
I didn't care about it.
(2) 动词＋副词
常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如：You'll hand in your homework tomorrow.
Please don't forget to hand it in.
(3) 动词＋副词＋介词
常见的有look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：
All his money added up to no more than $100.
After a short rest, he went on with his research work.
(4) 动词＋名词＋介词
常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：You should pay attention to your handwriting.
We should make full use of our time.
(5) 动词＋形容词
常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如：
The prisoners were set free.
He cut it open.
(6) 动词＋名词
常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如：
This story took place three years ago.
I make friends with a lot of people.
(7)辨析
give away(让给，暴露) 和 give up(放弃，停止)
put away(放起，收起) 和 put out (扑灭)
turn up(出席，放大) 和 turn on (打开)
keep out(阻止) 和 keep off (不让靠近)
make up(编造，补上) 和 make out(辨认)
take off(脱，起飞) 和 take out(拿出)
II. 例题
例1 It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.
A put away B kept up C given away D laid up
解析：该题正确uot;；give away意为"分发"；lay up"贮藏"。例2 Here's my card. Let's keep in ____.
A touch B relation C connection D friendship
解析：该题正确答案为A. keep in touch为短语动词，意为"保持联系"。
例3 ____! There's a train coming.
A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on
解析：该题选A. look out 意为"小心"。
动词不定式
I. 要点
1、 不定式的形式。以动词write为例。

式｜语态 主动语态 被动语态

一般式 to write to be written

完成式 to have written to have been written

进行式 to be writing

完成进行式 to have been writing

2、 不定式的句法功能
(1) 作主语
To hear from you is nice.
To be a good teacher is not easy.
不定式作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主语，而不定式置于谓语动词后。如：It's nice to hear from you.
It's not easy to be a good teacher.
(2) 作宾语
通常用于want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help等词后。如：
I forgot to lock the door.
Please remember to write to me.
(3) 作表语
My job is to pick up letters.
He seemed to have heard nothing.
(4) 作定语
不定式作定语时，须放在它所修饰的名词或代词后。如：
I have two letters to write.
I have a lot of work to do.
(5) 作宾补
通常用于want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force等词后。如：
He ordered her to leave at once.
He was forced to obey his order.
(6) 作状语
He got up early to catch the first bus.
He worked hard to catch up with the other students.
(7) 作独立成分
To tell you the truth, I told a lie.
(8) "疑问词＋不定式"结构。 如：
I don't know how to choose them.
I cannot decide where to go.
(9)不定式的否定式。如：
I decided not to go.
(10)不定式的完成式。如：
He seemed to have cleaned the room before I came in.
The boy is said to have been sent to the hospital last week.
(11)too…to 结构。如：
He was too excited to go to sleep.
He was only too glad to go. (他太高兴了，乐意去)
(12)主动表被动。如：
The book is easy to read.
I have a book to read.
II.例题
例1 I haven't got a chair ____.
A to sit B for to sit on C to sit on D for sitting
解析：该题选C。不定式to sit on在句中作定语，修饰名词chair. 因为不定式和它所修饰的名词间是"动宾关系"，所以不定式必须是及物动词，故此处on不能省略。
例2 He was made ____. A go B gone C going D to go
解析：该题选D。make sb. do sth. 如果是被动形式，不定式do前的to不能省略。
例3 A new factory is ____ very soon.
A to be built B built
C to build D to building
解析：该题选A。is to be built意为"将要被建"。

7. 英语语法词类有哪几个类型

n 名词
v 动词
vi 不及物动词
vt 及物动词
adj 形容词
adv 副词
prep 介词
conj 连词
pron ,代词
art.冠词

8. 英语 高中语法 词类 区分

#你这问的是句子成分吧。看来你是概念混淆了，先从宏观上帮你梳理下吧。#
语法主要分为两大块，一块是词法，一块就是句法。
词法就是我们说的名词，代词，数词，形容词，动词，副词，冠词，介词，连词，感叹词的用法。
句法就是句子成分，从句这些东西了。
英语句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语，定语、状语、同位语七种
主语是句子叙述的主体，可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。
谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语由动词来承担。
宾语是动作的对象或承受者，常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。
表语就是接在系动词后面，一起构成谓语。
定语主要是起修饰限定的作用，可以由形容词，介词短语，动名词，分词，不定式等从当。
状语说明事物发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，结果方式，条件或伴随情况，程度等情况的词叫状语。
状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中，修饰动词、形容词、副词等
同位语两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语（appositive）.这两个句子成分多由名词（代词）担任，同位语通常皆放在其说明的名词（代词）之后。

句子什么的就看这里吧，http://ke..com/view/314222.html

9. 英语语法 中各种词性词类的位置

这个是没办法讲清楚的，必须要有具体的语境，不同环境下不同词的位置是不固定的……

10. 英语语法,词类

英语的十大词类

词类 英语名称 作用 例词
名词 Nouns(n.) 表示人或事物的名称 pen cake
形容词 Adj'ectives(a.) 表示人或事物的特征 bad small
副词 Ad'verb`s(ad.) 修饰动词、形容词或其它副词 ve'ry quick'ly
动词 Verbs 表示动作或状态 stud'y be
代词 Pro'noun`s(pron.) 代替名词、数词等 they one
数词 Nu'merals(num.) 表示数量或顺序 five ten
冠词 Ar'ticles(art.) 限制名词的意义 a an the
介词 Prep`osit'ions(prep.) 表示名词、代词和其它词的关系 in for of
连词 Conjunc'tion(conj.) 连结词与词或句与句 and becau'se
感叹词 Interjec'tion(interj.) 表示说话时的感情或口气 oh hey

注:分清词类是学好英语的一个关键，每学一个词都必须知道它是属于哪个词类。英语中的词可以根据词义，句法作用和形式特征分为十大词类。

名词的定义
表示人、事物、地点、团体或抽象概念的名称的词，叫做名词。
如：
人 worker 工人 Edison 爱迪生
物 sandwich 三明治 table 桌子
地点 hill 山 Paris 巴黎
团体 trade union 工会 the Labor Party 工党
抽象概念 time 时间 answer 答案

名词的种类
名词 专有名词 国名、地点、人名等 Ame'rica 美国，Shanghai 上海，the Grea't Wall 长城，Jenney (珍妮)
团体、机构的名称等 the U`ni'ted Na'tions 联合国，the Com'munist Party of Chi'na 中国共产党
普通名词 可数名词 个体名词 doc'tor 医生，tea'cher 老师，or'ange 桔子，desk 课桌
集体名词 police' 警察，peo'ple 人民，fam'ily 家庭，ar'my 军队
不可数名词 抽象名词 fun 玩笑，ki'ndness 善意，i`dea' 主意，yo'uth 青春
物质名词 rice 大米，wa'ter 水，fire 火，air 空气

形容词[解释]：表示人或事物的性质、形状或动作、行为、变化的状态的词。汉语形容词可以同副词组合，可以重叠。常作谓语、定语、状语、补语。

形容词的句法功能
一. 作定语:He's a tall man./他是个高个子的男子。
二. 作表语:This film is very interesting./这部电影很有趣。You look young for your age./你看起来比实际年龄要年轻。
三. 作宾补:We find it pleasant to work with him./我们觉得和他共事很愉快。
四. 作主补:The house was found empty./ 人们发现屋子里面空无一人。
五. 作独立成分:Strange to say, he won the game.说也奇怪，他赢了这场比赛。