❶ 谁有初三英语上册1~6单元的语法和试题有答案的
语法小结
1. 宾语从句
句子的宾语由一个完整的句子来充当的复合句叫宾语从句。
句型： 主 + 谓 + 引导词 + 宾语从句
eg: He said he would go to Beijing tomorrow. 他说明天要去北京。
I don’t know who borrowed my bike. 我不知道谁借走了我的自行车。
① 连接宾语从句的连词有that,（that在口语中常省略）whether, if和连接代词what, which, who, whom及连接副词when, where, how, why, 学习宾语从句的关键要抓以下几点：
（that- 不担任成份，无词义，可省略；
if- 不担任成份，有词义，不可省略
wh- 担任成份，有词义，不可省略）
② 时态的一致：即主句的时态与从句时态的一致。
宾语从句中如果主句是现在的时态（即指一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时）从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。
eg: I tell him that I will go to Beijing tomorrow. 我告诉他我明天要去北京。
I tell him I bought a new bike yesterday. 我告诉他我昨天买了一辆新自行车。
I have head that he will come. 我已经听说他要来。
宾语从句中如果主句是过去的时态（指一般过去时，过去进行时）那么从句的时态要用相应的过去进态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。
eg: I knew where he lived. 我知道他住在哪里。
He said he had seen the film. 他说他已经看过电影了。
He asked me if everybody was here. 他问我那里是否有人。
时态补充：
注意：如果从句所表述的是一个客观真理，那么不管主句的谓语动词是什么时态，从句的谓语动词一律用一般现在时。
eg: The teacher told us that the sun rises from the east. 老师告诉我们太阳从东方升起。
③ 语序的变化：在宾语从句中，无论从句是陈述名还是疑问句都统统要求用陈述句语序来表达。
陈述句变为宾语从句时，语序不变。
eg: 陈述句：He is an honest man.
宾从：I said (that) he was an honest man.
一般疑问句变为宾语从句时，语序变为陈述句，用whether，if连接。
eg: 一般疑问句：Does he study hard?
宾从：I wonder if (whether) he studies hard.
一般疑问句：Will they be back after 3 hours?
宾从：He asked if they would be back after 3 hours.
特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时，语序要变为陈述句语序，保留原句的特殊疑问词，用作引导词。
特殊：What’s your name?
宾从：He asked what your name was.
特殊：Where did you go?
The man asked where you went.
2. 现在完成时
① 现在完成时在初中范围主要是两种用法：其一：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的结果或影响；其二：表示动作发生于过去并持续到现在。
与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：
yet , already , just , recently……
now , today , tonight , ……
since引导的时间状语或时间状语从句。
for构成的表示一段时间的状语。
eg. We have lived in Beijing since I was born .
自从我出生我们就在北京居住了。
He has been away from his hometown for twenty years .
他离开家乡已有二十年了。
—Have you received a letter from your uncle recently ?
—Yes . I got it yesterday afternoon .
你最近收到你叔叔的来信了吗？收到了。我是昨天收到的。
② 一般过去时与现在完成时的用法比较：
一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，它可以和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用。而现在完成时表示某一完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，因此它不可以和确切的表示过去的时间状语连用。
请比较：
Mr Green has read the book three times .
格林先生已经把这本书读了三遍了。（说明对这本书有印象，有所了解。）
Mr Green read the book yesterday.
格林先生昨天读了这本书。（只说明他昨天看了这本书这一事实，强调看书的动作在昨天发生的。）
③ 有些时间状语如this morning , tonight , this month等，既可用于一般过去时，也可用于现在完成时，但所表达的意义有所不同。用于现在完成时表示包括“现在”在内，而用于一般过去时则与“现在”无关。
They have got the message this March .
他们三月已经得知了这个消息。（讲话时仍然是四月份。）
They got the message this March.
他们三月份得知的这个消息。（讲话时四月份已过）。
They have solved two problems this afternoon.
他们今天下午已经解决了两个问题。（讲话时仍然是下午），
They solved two problems this afternoon.
今天下午他们解决了两个问题。（讲话时下午已过）
三、本阶段日常交际用语小结
Unit 1
--- Excuse me, have you got …?
--- Yes, I have. ( Sorry, I haven’t.)
--- Why don’t you …?
--- Thanks, I will.
--- Thanks a lot. ( Thanks very much.)
--- You are welcome.
--- Have you ever done…?
--- Yes, I have, once. ( No, never.)
--- I’ve just done…
--- Really?
Unit 2
---What’s …like ?
--- How long have you been…?
--- Since…
--- Have you ever been to…?
--- I’ve never been there. ( None of us has./ Only …has. )
--- Have you ever done…?
--- Yes, I have, once. ( No, never.)
--- Would you like to have a try?
--- I don’t think I can…
Unit 3
--- How long have you been…?
--- I have been … for…
--- What have you done since…?
--- How long have you been at this …?
--- For…
--- How long has she/ he worked there…?
--- She’s / He’s worked there for… / all her / his life.
Unit 4
--- I’m sorry he isn’t here right now.
--- May I help you?
--- That’s very kind of you.
--- Yes, that’s would be fine/ok.
--- I’ll leave a message on his desk.
Unit 5
---Could we go scuba diving?
--- Could you tell us how long we’re going to be away?
--- Let’s try to find some information about it, OK?
--- Could you please tell me how to search the Internet?
--- Go straight along here.
---Please go to Gate 12.
--- Please come this way.
--- Could you tell me what you think about Hainan Island?
--- That sounds really cool!
四、本阶段词语辨析练习
A. maybe, may be
用maybe或may be填空。
1. _____ he will get the first prize.
2. She _____ the daughter of Mr. White.
3. The meeting will last for three hours _____ .
4. Who _____ your new teacher?
B. borrow, lend, keep, use
中英互译下列句子。
1. 我不想把伞借给他。
2. 这盘录像带你想借多久？
3. 我能用一下你的桌子吗？
4. Jim asked me to lend him my computer.
5. You can use our room.
C. leave, leave for
中英互译下列句子。
1. 他们将于下午五点离开北京。
2. 你的书包拉在图书馆了。
3. She left without saying a word.
4. The bus is leaving for Nanjing.
D. since, for
用since或for填空。
1. He has been disabled ______ he was born.
2. The rain has lasted ______ a whole day.
3. We all admiblack him ______ his will power.
4. You’d better tell her _____ she is wrong.
5. We have begun the experiment _______ 1987.
E. too, also, either, neither
请用too, also, either或neither填空。
1. I agree with you, _____.
2. She doesn’t like her mother, _____.
3. _____ he nor we are League Members.
4. He will _____ give you some good suggestions.
5. You can use ______ of the phones, because both of them are broken.
6. Do you like sandwiches, ______?
F. find, look for, find out
请用find, look for或find out填空。
1. It’s not easy to _____ a job in this city.
2.She ______ her shoes everywhere, but ______ nothing.
3. I_____ English was one of the most important languages.
4. The poor dog is _____ food in the snow.
5.He thought for a long while, and ______ who told a lie.
G. except, besides
用except或besides填空。
1. All the students passed exam _____ me. I’m very sad.
2. Nobody could find the building _____ her.
3. I have another recorder ______ this one. I like both of them.
4. The workers went to the factory at 8:00 _____ uncle Wang, he is ill today.
H. bad, badly
用bad或badly填空。
1. What a _____ day! I have to stay at home.
2. Mr. Smith didn’t go to work because he was ______ ill.
3. They lived in a ______ condition.
4. He ______ behaved in the party.
5. Why did you act so _____ ?
I. die, dead, death. dying
中英互译下列句子。
1. He died in 1879.
2. Let’s help the dying bird.
3. She became quiet after her son’s death.
4. 你奶奶去世有多久了？
5. 那些玫瑰花快要死了。
6. 没有人听说他的死。
五、练习答案
A.
1. Maybe 2. may be 3. maybe 4. may be
B.
1. I don’t want to lend him my umbrella.
2. How long do you want to keep the video tape?
3. Could I use your desk?
4. 吉姆要我把电脑借给他。
5. 你可以用我们的房间。
C.
1. They will leave Beijing at 5:00pm.
2. Your bag is left in the library.
3. 她一言未发地走了。
4. 这趟车即将开往南京。
D.
1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since
E.
1. too 2. either 3. Neither 4. also 5. neither 6. too
F.
1. find 2. looked for, found 3. found 4. looking for 5. found out
G.
1. except 2. except/ besides 3. besides 4. except
H.
1. bad 2. badly 3. bad 4. badly 5. badly
I.
1. 他死于1879年。
2. 我们帮帮这只快死的鸟吧。
3. 他儿子死后她变得沉默了。
4. How long has your grandma been dead?
5. Those roses are dying.
6. Nobody heard about his death.
❷ 初三英语，语法知识，
1 选C 这题有for three weeks表一段时间，动词必须是延续性的。而go away是瞬间动词不能与一段专时间连用，所以改成延续属性的be away, be的现在完成时是has been.所以选C
2. A。 只要延续性动词可以与一段时间连用。这题只有be动词表状态，为延续性类，BCD的动词都是短暂性的。
❸ 初二英语下 6单元语法
1.现在完成时态(初步了解)
▲现在完成时态的构成
助动词have／has＋动词的过去分词
动词的过去分词一般由动词原形加－ed构成，还有很多不规则变化。基本上和动词的过去式一致。
关于现在完成时态的否定句、疑问句等句式变化，都由have／has来调节完成。
▲现在完成时的基本用法
①表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响。
I have just received a letter from my brother.
我刚刚收到我哥哥的来信。
Have you seen the film?
你看过这部电影吗?
I have been to New York three times so far.
我到现在为止已经去过纽约3次了。
②表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和表示一段时间的状语连用。
I have not seen him since last January.
我自去年一月就没有看见过他。
Li Hong has been abroad for three years.李红已经出国3年了。
Up till now he has won five prizes.
到现在为止他已赢得5块奖牌了。
③现在完成时常与不确定的时间状语连用。如：already，never，ever，just，yet，before，up to now，so far，for the last few weeks等，表示“到目前为止”所发生的动作。
She has just got a little cold.她只是有点感冒。
Have you read this book?你看过这本书吗?
Has he paid the doctor yet?他给医生交过钱了吗?
I have never met such a strange person.
我以前从没遇见过这么奇怪的人。
It hasn’t rained for six months.已经6个月没有下雨了。
Great changes have taken place in this city in the last five years.
在最近的5年当中，这个城市发生了巨大的变化。
④现在完成时还可以和包括现在在内（到说话时仍未结束的）的，表示一段时间的状语连用，如；now，today，this morning／afternoon／evening／week／month／year／these days，since，for a long time等。
I have finished my homework now.
我已经完成了我的家庭作业。
They have visited the Great Wall today.
他们今天游览了长城。
We have had enough rain this autumn.
今年秋天我们这里的雨水很足。
2.现在完成进行时态
现在完成进行时态，表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作，这动作可能仍然在进行。如：
What books have you been reading these days?
这些天你都看些什么书?
I’ve been sitting here all afternoon.
我在这儿坐了一下午了。
They have been collecting stamps for ten years.
他们收集邮票已经10年了。
Has she been watching TV?她一直在看电视吗?
这是新目标英语 不知道你是什么
❹ 人教版九年级英语第五、六单元词组语法总结。
新目标九年级英语语法总结 Unit5
现在完成时态
⑴由have/ has ＋过去分词
⑵表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果
常与already, just , yet , ever, never 连用
Have you finished your work yet？你完成了你的工作了吗？
Yes, I have. I have just finished it.是的。我刚刚完成了。
I have already finished it .我已经完成了。
Have you ever been to China?你曾经去过中国吗？
No, I have never been there.没有，我从来也没有去过。
⑶①表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态和表示过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状态连用如：（for + 时间段，since + 时间点，或过去某一动作， 以及how long ）
②注： 非延续性动词在现在完成 时态中不能和for, since 引导的表示一段时间的状语的肯定句连用。
应转为相应的延续性动词 如：
buy---- have die---- be dead join ---- be in
borrow----- keep leave---- be away
I have bought a pen.------ I have had a pen for 2 weeks.
The dog has died.------- The dog has been dead since last week.
⑷①have (has) been to + 地点 去过某地 已经回来
②have (has) gone to + 地点 去了某地 没有回来
③have been in + 地点 一直呆在某地 没有离开过 如：
She has been to Shanghai. 她去过上海。(已经回来)
She has gone to Shanghai. 她去了上海。(没有回来)
She has been in Shanghai for 2 days.她呆上海两天了。(没有离开过上海)
1.情态动词must, may , might, could, may , can't表示推测含义与用法后面都接动词原形，都可以表示对现在情况的揣测和推断但他们
含义有所不同
must 一定 肯定 (100%的可能性)
may, might, could有可能，也许 (20%－80%的可能性)
can't 不可能，不会 (可能性几乎为零)
The dictionary must be mine. It has my name on it.
The CD might/could/may belong to Tony because he likes listening to pop music.
The hair band can't be Bob's. After all, he is boy!
2. whose 谁的疑问词作定语后面接名词
如：Whose book is this? This is Lily's.
3. belong to 属于如：
That English book belongs to me.
4. 当play 指弹奏乐器时，常在乐器前用定冠词如：
play the guitar play the piano play the violin
当play 指进行球类运动时，则不用定冠词如：
play football play basketball play baseball
5. if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时代替将来时如：
If you don't hurry up, you'll be late.如果你不快点，你将会迟到
6. if you have any idea== if you know 如果你知道
7. on关于（学术，科目）
8. try to do sth. 尝试做某事如：I try to climb the tree. 我尝试爬树。
9. because of , because
because of + 名词/代词/名词性短语
because +从句如：
I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。
I had to move because of my job. 因为工作的原因我得搬家。
10. own v.－owner n. listen v.－listener n. learn v.－learner n.
11. catch a bus 赶公车
12. neighbor 邻居指人
neighborhood 邻居指地区也可指附近地区的人
13. local 当地的如：local teacher 当地的教师
14. noise n. 噪音是个可数名词noises
15. call the police 报警如：Quick! Call the police! 快！叫警察！
16. anything strange 一些奇怪的东西
当形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时，放在这些词的后面
17. there be sb./ sth. doing 如：There is a cat eating fish.
There must be something visiting our home.
18. escape from …从哪里逃跑出来如：
He escaped from the burning building. 他从燃烧的大概中逃出来。
19. an ocean of + 名词极多的，用不尽的如：an ocean of energy.
20. unhappy 不高兴的反义词 happy 高兴的
21. final adj. 最后的finally adv. 最后地
22. dishonest 不诚实的反义词 honest 诚实的。
23. get on 上车 get off 下车
24. use up 用光、用完如：They have used up all the money.他们已经用完了所有的钱。
25. attempt to do 试图
如：The boys attempted to leave for Beijing. 男孩子们试图想去北京。
26. wake 动词唤醒常用的词组：wake up意为醒来如：
Please wake me up at 8 o'clock.请在8点钟叫醒我。
27. look for 寻找指过程
find 找指结果如：
I am looking for a pen. 我正在找一支笔。（指找的过程）
I found my pen just now. 我刚刚找到了我的笔。（指找的结果）
28. hear 听指听的结果
listen 听 指听的过程如：
Did you hear ? 你听到了吗？（指听的结果，听或没听到）
I often listen to the music. 我经常听音乐。（指听的过程）
29. try one's best to do sth. 尽某人的最大努力去做某事如：
He tried his best to run. 他尽他的最大努力去跑。
30. 名词所有格
名词所有格的构成有两种形式
①是在名词后面加 's 或是以s结尾 的名词，只在名词的后面加 '
如：Ann's book安的书, our teachers' office我们老师们的办公室
注：双方共有的所有格，只在后面一个名词加's,如：
Lily and Lucy's father 莉莉和露西的爸爸（她们的爸爸是同一个人）
②有…of …介词短语表示无生命东西的所有格如：
a picture of my family 我家人的相片
有时也有's表示无生命的东西的所有格如：
today's newspaper,the city's name
新目标九年级英语语法总结 Unit6
定语从句 参看课本P143
1. prefer动词 更喜欢 宁愿
prefer sth. 更喜欢某事 I prefer English. 我更喜欢英语。
prefer doing/ to do 宁愿做某事 I prefer sitting/ to sit.我宁愿坐着。
prefer sth to sth. 同…相比更喜欢… I prefer dogs to cats. 与猫相比我更喜欢狗。
prefer doing to doing 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
I prefer walking to sitting. 我宁愿走路也不愿坐着。
2. along with 伴随… 同… 一道
I will go along with you. 我同你一道去。
I sing along with music. 我伴随着音乐唱歌。
3. dance to sth. 随着…跳舞
She likes dancing to the music. 她喜欢随着音乐而跳舞。
4. different kinds of 各种各样different kinds of clothes 各种各样的衣服
5. music n. 音乐 musician n. 音乐家 musical
6. take … to … 带…去…. 如：
My father often takes me to the park. 我的爸爸经常带我去公园。
Please take this box to my office. 请拿这个盒子到我的办公室。
7. remind sb. of sb./sth. 提醒 使…记起….
This song reminds him of his mother. 这首歌使他记起了他的妈妈。
8. clear adj. 清楚的，清澈的 clearly adv. 清楚地
9. be important to sb. 对…重要
be important for sb. to do. 做某事对某人很重要
10. unfortunately adv. 不幸运地 fortunately adv. 幸运地
11. look for 寻找
My pen is lost. Could you help me look for it?
我的笔丢了。你能帮我找一下吗？
12. though == although 作连词 虽然，尽管
放在句子中间/句首，不能和but 连用
Though it was very late, he went on working. 虽然很晚了，但他还在工作
Mr. Smith , though he was young, did it very well.
史密斯先生虽然年轻，却做得很好。
13. fun n. 有趣 funny adj. 有趣的
14. be sure to do 一定做某事 肯定做某事 如：
It is sure to snow. 肯定要下雪
Be sure not to forget it. 千万不要忘记呀!
15. known adj. 有名的 著名的 know v. 知道 认识
16. on display 展览
17. over the years 很多年来，常与现在完成时连用如：
Over the years, they've planted many trees on the hills.
多年来他们已在山上种植了许多树。
18. energy n. 活力 energetic adj. 有活力的
19. most of … …的大多数
20. keep healthy 保持健康
21. get together 聚在一起
22. discuss v. 讨论 discussion n. 讨论
23. be bad for sth. 对…有坏处的 be bad for doing sth. 做…有坏处
24. for example 例如
25. take care of === look after 照顾 关心 如：
She often takes care of / looks after her son.
26. stay away from 远离… 如：
Stay away from me , I have a cold. 请远离我，我得了感冒
27. to be honest 老实说 如：
To be honest I really like flowers. 老实说我真的很喜欢花。
28. dislike 不喜欢 反义词 like 喜欢
29. fisherman 渔夫 复数形式 fishermen
30. photography n. 摄影 photograph n. 照片 相片
photographer n. 摄影师
31. be in agreement 意见一致 常与介词on /about连用如：
They are in agreement on that question. 他们对那个问题意见一致。
32. even if 甚至
33. mainly adv. 主要地 首要地 main adj. 主要的
❺ 七年级上册英语第六单元语法
如果主语是第三人称单数时，。
动词变第三人称单数形式是一般加s，以内ch sh x o 结尾的加es,还有一些不规则是单词容：如：have-has ...单数变复数时，有几种：有生命的ch sh x o 结尾的加es，无生命的加s就可以了；以f fe 结尾的，去掉f fe 后再加ves；元音加y,y不变，后名只加s；辅音加y,y变i,i后再加es...
❻ 初三英文语法（要最详细的~）
初三语法讲义
一．动词（一）名词
名词分类：可数名词，不可数名词可数名词变复数
1． 在名词词尾加-s
girl, girls; table, tables; roof, roofs; school, schools
2.以o, s, sh, ch, x结尾的名词，加-es
tomato, tomatoes; class, classes; watch, watches; bush, bushes
3.以o结尾加-s
piano, pianos; photo, photos
4.以辅音字母加y结尾的，去掉y，加-ies
baby, babies; family, families; university, universities
5.以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s
toy, toys; monkey, monkeys; guy, guys
6.以f或者fe结尾的，去掉f, fe加-ves
wife, wives; life, lives; wolf, wolves; calf, calves
7. 改变形式的复数
man, men; child, children; foot, feet; mouse, mice; tooth, teeth
8.单数复数形式一样
fish, fish; sheep, sheep; deer, deer; swine, swine
9.特殊词汇的复数
looker-on, lookers-on; passer-by, passers-by
不可数名词没有数的概念
名词所有格
1．一般情况’s
2．表示时间、距离、城市、国家
today’s paper at arms’ length a mile’s journey
Beijing’s weather China’s economy
3．of表示所有格 4．双重所有格
a friend of mine a child of hers
（二）代词
人称代词 人称 单数 复数 主格 宾格
第一人称
I me we us
第二人称
you you you you
第三人称
he him
they them
she her
it it
物主代词
单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称
形容词性物主代词
My Your His Her Its Our Your Their
名词性物主代词
Mine Yours His Hers Its Ours Yours Theirs
反身代词人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数
myselfyourselfhimself herself itself
复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves
相互代词each other/one another
不定代词another/other/others
（三）数词
基数词
One two three four five six…..Hundreds of 正确数词+hundred 正确
Hundred of 错误数词+hundreds 错误数词+hundreds of 错误
序数词First second third fourth….
分数1/3 one third2/3 two thirds
（四）冠词不定冠词
例句用于可数名词单数形式前
usan is a scientist.Pass me an orange, please.
不特指某人或某物
A boy is looking for you.
We work five days a week.
表示“一”的数量，但没有one强烈
We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow.
I have a mouth, a nose, two eyes and two ears.
用于固定词组中
A few, a little, a lot of, a moment ago
定冠词
例句特指某人或者某物
Show me the photo of the boy.
双方都知道的事物或人
Where are the new books, Jim?
They are on the small table.
上文提过的人或物
Ji Wei lives on a farm. The farm is not big.
独一无二
The sun is bigger than the moon.
序数词和形容词最高级前
The first month of the year is January.
普通名词构成的专有名词前
The Great Wall
习惯用语
In the morning
On the left
零冠词
用法
例句
专有名词和不可数名词前
China
名词已经有定语this, that, my, your, some, any等
That letter is in her bag.
复数名词表示一类人或物
My father and mother are teachers.
星期、月份、季节、节日前
It is Sunday today.
称呼前
What colour are Mrs. Green’s shoes?
三餐和球类运动前
He went to school before breakfast this morning.
（五）介词
多数考察为固定搭配，需要死记硬背
（六）形容词与副词
规则变化
构成方法
原级
比较级
最高级
单音节和少数双音 节词
一般在词尾加-er/est
Cold
Strong
Fast
slow
Colder
Stronger
Faster
slower
Coldest
Strongest
Fastest
slowest
以字母e结尾的形容词，在词尾加-r/-st
Nice
large
Nicer
larger
Nicest
largest
重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母时双写辅音字母，加-er/-est
Big
Thin
hot
Bigger
Thinner
hotter
Biggest
Thinnest
hottest
以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词改y为i加-er/est
Easy
happy
Easier
happier
Easiest
happiest
部分双音节词
在词前面加more/most
Delicious
Interesting
Easily
Carefully
More Delicious
More Interesting
More Easily
More Carefully
Most Delicious
Most Interesting
Most Easily
Most Carefully
不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
Good/well
Bad/badly/ill
Many/much
Little
far
Better
Worse
more
Less
Father
further
Best
Worst
Most
Least
Farthest
furthest
形容词和副词比较级和最高级的用法
级
用法
例句
比较级
表示两者的比较
Mr. King is taller than Mr. Read.
最高级
表示三者或者三者以上的比较
Whose drawing is the best of all?
She is the youngest in the class.
同级比较
I think science is as important as maths.
It is not as(so) warm today as yesterday.
二．动词
（一） 时态
1．一般现在时
三单变形
情况
变化规则
例词
一般情况
加-s
come, comes; learn, learns
以o,s,x,ch,sh结尾的词
加-es
pass, passes; do, does
以辅音加y结尾的词
变y为i加-es
fly, flies; cry, cries
2.现在进行时
现在分词构成方法
情况及变化
例词
一般情况，在动词原形后加-ing
go, going; see, seeing
以不发音的e结尾的动词去掉e加-ing
take, taking; live, living
以重读闭音节结尾的词，如果词尾只有一个辅音字母，先把词尾的辅音字母双写，再加-ing
plan, planning; cut, cutting; forget, forgetting
以ie结尾的词变ie为y加-ing
die, dying; lie, lying; tie, tying
以ye和oe结尾的词，直接加-ing
eye, eyeing; dye, dyeing
3.一般将来时
shall
will
be going to
4一般过去时
规则动词过去构成
构成规则
原形
过去式
一般动词在尾加-ed
look
play
start
looked
played
stared
结尾是e的动词加-d
live
hope
use
lived
hoped
used
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，双写辅音字母，加-ed
stop
plan
trip
stopped
planned
tripped
结尾是辅音字母+y的动词，变y为i加-ed
study
carry
worry
studied
carried
worried
词尾 –ed的读音
读音
例词
浊辅音和元音后
/d/
called borrowed
moved enjoyed
welcomed answered
清辅音后
/t/
finished helped
passed cooked
在t, d后面
/id/
wanted shouted
needed counted
5．过去进行时
was/were+现在分词
6．现在完成时
have/has+过去分词
用法一：表示从过去发生一直到现在，特点：用延续动词，加段时间状语
用法二：表示过去发生的事情而不用一般过去时，特点：不用延续动词，不加段时间状语
构成
7．过去完成时
时间轴：
--------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------+---------------------------------à
A B C
过去的过去 过去 现在
（过去完成时态）
用法一：表示从过去发生一直到过去一时间，特点：用延续动词，加段时间状语
用法二：表示过去的过去发生的事情
8．过去将来时
不是考试的重点
（二） 被动语态
使用情况：不知道谁是主语
不强调主语
用来表示客观的表达
构成：助动词be+过去分词
有些动词主动语态中省略了不定式在变为被动语态时要讲TO补充出来（非谓语动词重点讲解）
（三） 情态动词
can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would)
dare/need
dare
肯定
否定
情态动词
dare do
dare not do
实意动词
dare/dares to do
do/does not dare to do
need
肯定
否定
情态动词
need do
need not do
实意动词
need / need s to do
do/does not need to do
may/can
may表示许可
can 表示自身能力
can/be able to区别
a) Can只有现在和过去两个时态，be able to可以是任何时态
b) Can 不强调结果一定成功，be able to暗示结果一定成功
must表示必须，否定用needn’t
mustn’t表示禁止
（四） 非谓语动词
1． 不定式to do
否定不定式为not to do
可以省略不定式to的词
let/make/have/see/hear/watch/notice/feel/look at/listen to
注意：在以上词出现在被动句中时要将to补充出来
2． 现在分词与过去分词
flying bird可以表达成the bird is flying.
broken arm可以表达成 the arm is broken
现在分词强调过程，过去分词强调结果
falling leaf/fallen leaf
boiling water/boiled water
3.动词后加动词的不同形式
(1)、加to doing
devote to doing/ get down to doing/ object to doing/ look forward to doing/ be used to doing
(2)、加to do
afford/agree/ask/attempt/choose/decide/hope/expect/intend/learn/manage/offer/plan/pretend/promise/refuse/wish
(3)、加doing
admit/appreciate/avoid/can’t help/stand/enjoy/escape/put off/risk/give up
(4)、加to do/doing都可以的但是意思有区别的
forget/remember/stop
(5)、加do/doing都可以但是意思有区别的
see/notice/hear
三．简单句
（一） 反意疑问句
反意疑问句
反意疑问句用来表示提问者有一定的主见，但是没有把握，希望对方来证实。
The weather here is very cold, isn’t it? Yes, it is.
You’re from Australia, aren’t you? yes, I am.
对反意疑问句回答，不管问题的提法如何，事实是肯定的就用肯定回答，否定的就要用否定的回答。
He isn’t going to the meeting, is he?
Yes, he is. 不，他要去的
No, he isn’t. 对，他不去
反意疑问句通常由一个陈述句和一个疑问句组成。当陈述句为肯定时，疑问句为否定；当陈述句为否定时，疑问句为肯定。但是以下几个要注意：
1. 陈述部分主语 I, 疑问部分要用aren’t I
I am as tall as your sister, aren’t I ?
2. 陈述部分谓语是wish, 疑问部分要用may+主语
I wish to have a word with you, may I ?
3. 陈述部分用no, nothing, nobody ,never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定。
The Swede made no answer, did he?
4.有ought to的，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn’t/oughtn’t+主语
He ought to know what to do, oughtn’t he?
5. 陈述部分有have to疑问部分用don’t+主语
we have to get there at eight tomorrow, don’t we?
6．陈述部分谓语是used to，疑问部分用didn’t+主语或者didn’t+主语
He used to take pictures there, didn’t he?
7．陈述部分有had better疑问句用hadn’t you?
You’d better read it by yourself, hadn’t you?
8.陈述部分有would rather疑问句用wouldn’t +主语
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn’t he?
9．陈述部分有．陈述部分有you’d like to疑问部分用wouldn’t+主语
You’d like to go with me, wouldn’t you?
10．感叹句中，疑问部分用谓语+主语
What colours, aren’t they?
what a smell, isn’t it?
11陈述部分由neither…nor, either…or疑问部分根据实际逻辑意义而定
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
12． 陈述部分主语是指示代词或者不定代词everything, that, nothing, this疑问部分主语it
Everything is ready, isn’t it?
13.陈述部分为主语从句，疑问部分要根据情况而定
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn’t he?
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
I don’t think he is bright, is he?
14陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等疑问部分常用复数they
Everyone knows the answer, don’t they?
15.省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you
don’t do that again, will you?
16.陈述部分是there be结构，疑问部分用there省略主语代词
There is something wrong with your watch, isn’t here?
17．否定前缀不能视为否定词
it is impossible, isn’t it?
18．Must表示推测时，根据其推测情况来确定
He must be there now, isn’t he?
（二）感叹句
How cold it is today!
What a good idea!
（三）祈使句
肯定类型
Be careful!
Come in, please.
Let me have a look.
否定类型
Don’t be lazy.
Don’t throw the ball like that.
Let him not go there./ Don’t let her go there
四．复合句
（一） 定语从句
We all like Old Fish that is handsome.
先行词 关系词
关系代词： which, who, whom, whose, that
关系副词：when, why, where
1．先行词指人，用who/whom
（1）who可以做主语、宾语、或者表语，但who之前不能有介词
（2）whom只能做宾语或者表语，但在all of/many of加先行词时后只能加whom
注意：who.whom做宾语可以省略
2．先行词为物，用which
（1）which可以代单词
（2）which可以代短语
（3）which可以代句子
3．that与which区别
（1）只能用that情况
先行词有人有物
先行词为 all, little, few, much, none, the first, etc
先行词为不定代词
先行词前修饰词为 any, only, every, no, some, much, few, little, the first, the best, the only, the on, the very, the right, the last
（2）只能用which情况
非限定性定语从句
关系词前有介词
4．whose表示所属关系
（1）whose后加名词
（2）可以代人可以代物
（3）先行词加whose加名词=先行词加名词 of which结构
介词+关系代词=关系副词
关系代词后加不完整句
关系副词/介词+关系代词后加完整句
主系表： 主系表都有， 完整句
主系表缺一个，不完整句
主谓宾：谓语动词为及物动词：主谓宾都有，完整句
主谓宾缺一个，不完整句
谓语动词为不及物动词： 主+动词+介词+宾语，完整句
主+动词，完整句
主+动词+介词，不完整句
（二） 状语从句
时间状语从句：when, before, after, while, since, as, till, as soon as, the moment….
地点状语从句: where, wherever
条件状语从句：if, unless, so long as, as long as, in case, if only, provided that….
原因状语从句：because, since, as, now that
结果状语从句：so, so that, so…that, such…that
让步状语从句：though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever
目的状语从句: that, so that, so, in order that, in case, for fear that, lest
比较状语从句：than, as…as, so…as
五．主谓一致
就近原则
or, nor, either or, neither nor, not only…but also
就前原则
as much as, rather than, more than, no less than, as well as, in addition to, with, along with, together with, except
集体名词的主谓一致
people, cattle, youth, police+复数谓语
machinery, equipment, furniture+单数谓语
audience, committee, crew, family, government, army, enemy, group, staff, team, couple, band+可单可复
时间、地点等数量概念的主谓一致
谓语用单数
Ten miles is a long way to go.
a of b结构中的主谓一致
按照A来确定谓语
a pair of trousers is enough.
Two pair of trousers are enough.
以S结尾的主谓一直问题：地理名词、群岛山脉等风景、学科名词
国家加单数谓语： the United States
地理名词，群岛山脉等风景加复数谓语： the West Indies, Himalayas, Straits of England
学科名词加单数谓语： politics, economics
六．习惯用语
七．固定搭配
八．介词搭配
（一） 介词＋名词
against one’s will
at a loss
at one time
at home
at the same time
at work
at night
beside the point
by chance
by the way
by the end of
by all means
for the time being
for the sake of
from beginning to end
from time to time
in the end
in surprise
in trouble
in the street
in English
in a word
in the meantime
in vain
in need
in half
in no time
in a low voice
in the least
in public
in life
in a minute
in the eyes of
in time
in sight of
in place of
in detail
in a hurry
in any case
in case
in charge of
in bed
in addition to
in the course of
in particular
in time of
in return
in spite of
in reply to
in memory of
in honour of
in fear of
influence on
off hand
on guard against
on the ground
on the radio
on the way
on the right
on purpose
on strike
on account of
on sale
on the air
on time
out of work
out of order
on behalf of
on watch
on the whole
on show
on day
out of sight
out of repair
out of place
out of practice
out of date
out of breath
over the radio
to this day
thousands of
on the one hand, on the other hand
（二）形容词＋介词
absent from
aware of
apart from
according to
anxious for
angry at
afraid of
busy with
careful of
cruel to
e to
different from
equal to
be familiar to sb
be familiar with sth
be famous for
far from
fond of
full of
fussy about
grateful for
good at
hard on
interested in
instead of
kind to
keen on
late for
opposite to
once for all
polite to
proude of
ready for
responsible for
short of
sorry for
strict with
thankful to
wrong with
（三）动词＋介词
act on
answer for
agree to
agree with
agree on
arrive at
aim at
ask after
ask for
borrow from
believe in
belong to
break into
beat down on
begin at
base on
consist of
congratulate on
come to an end
compare with
compare to
care for
change for
change from to
clear up
catch up with
come across
come into
call up
call for
catch hold of
call on
depend on
do away with
disagree with
die of
die from
die for
devote to
engaged in
end with
fit in with
fail in
find out
give up
get over
get on
get on
get in touch with
get ready for
get in
go in for
grow up
give in
give lessons to
get up
go on
go all out
go through
go over
go down
go on with
go without
hand in
have nothing to do with
have something to do with
have a look at
head for
help with
have a word with
have words with
hope for
introce to
be inspired by
insist on
interfere with
join in
keep on
knock at
keep up with
long for
look up to
look up
learn by heart
leave for
look for
lie in
live on
laugh at
look down upon
look forward to
look through
meet with
make up one’s mind
make friends with
make room for
owe to
operate on
pay attention to
play with
put up
put off
point out
put up with
prevent from
persist in
put into practice
run out of
reply to
recover from
rely on
rob of
run over
result from
result in
set an example to
set about
set out
succeed in
speak of
supply with
share in
share with
settle in
see through
send for
stand by
stand for
stop from
spend on
show around
talk about
tide over
turn against
turn into
turn to
think of
think about
take care of
take off
turn out
turn round
turn up
take part in
to begin with
wait for
watch out for
write to
wake up
watch over
（四）过去分词＋介词
be absorbed in
be burdened with
be connected with
be covered with
be crowded with
be dressed in
be engaged to
be equipped with
be experienced in
be filed with
be furnished with
be interested in
be joined to
be known as
be known for
be made into
be made up of
be married to
be pleased with
be prepared for
be regarded as
be satisfied with
be ashamed of
be tired of
be terrified at
（五）动词＋名词＋介词
apply ones’ mind to
catch sight of
do harm to
do wrong to
feel pity for
fix one’s eyes on
form the habit of
get a good hold of
give advice on
have none of
have trust in
have difficulty in
have trouble in
have effect on
have mercy on
have the honour of
keep a record of
make fun of
make best use of
make an apology
make one’s way to
make preparations for
make a mistake about
pass a judgment on
set fire to
put one’s heart and soul into
shake hands with
take aim at
take the side of
throw light on
take pride in
take delight in
take a message for
（六）动词＋副词＋介词
add up to
break away from
be up to
cut down on
come up to
do well in
drop in on
face up to
fit in with
fall back on
get though with
get down to
get along with
go out of
go on with
go back on
go out of
go in for
grow out of
go ahead with
keep away from
keep up with
live up to
make up for
make up with
make out of
think highly of
watch out for
work hard at
（七）动词＋介词＋名词
arrive at a conclusion
burst into pieces
burst into tears
burst into laughter
come to the rescue
come into use
come into power
come into effect
come into light
come to a conclusion
get in a word
set to work take on a new look
❼ 人教版八下英语第六单元语法
1 现在完成进行时：动作从过去已经开始，持续到现在，还可能继续延续下去。（1）结构：have/has been+动词ing形式（2）变一般疑问句，把have/has提到句首；变否定句，把have/has变成haven’t/hasn’t,其余部分照抄。（3）时间：since+表示过去的时间点或从句；for+一段时间。2 现在完成时：（1）过去已经发生或完成的动作，对现在造成了一定的影响。（2）动作从过去某一时间开始，持续到现在，还有可能继续延续下去。（3）结构：have/has+动词过去分词。（4）变一般疑问句，把have/has提到句首；变否定句，把have/has变成haven’t/hasn’t,其余部分照抄。3 have/has been to:曾经到过某地 have/has gone to :到某地去了4 终止性动词与for短语连用时，要转化成延续性动词：die→been dead buy→had borrow→kept start/begin→been on go/leave→been away join→been in 5 现在完成时的时态标志：（1）since+表示过去的时间或从句（2）for+一段时间（3）so far 到目前为止（4）in the last few years 在最近的几年里（5）already/yet/never/ever/recently
❽ 初一英语上册第6单元所有知识点,语法点
这是老师给我们按单词来说的
早中晚三餐前加have 乐器前加the，球类，饭类前不加the
want (sb.) to do sth. 例：I want you to help me with my English. (我想要你帮助我英语)
译：想要某人去做某事 注：()里的可加可不加 要根据实际情况定
基本句子 考点
1. What do you like 【for】 breakfast? (单项选择)
2. Do you like 【apples】? (单项选择，苹果要用复数)
3. What's your favourite food/fruit? -my favourite food/fruit is…
-I like …best.
eating habits ：饮食习惯
living habits：生活习惯
be bad for 对…有害
be good for 对…有益 在这要注意如果后面加your health health不要加y
there be 表示存在的意思 例：There is a clock on the wall.
I don't want to be fat. 我不想变胖 (连词成句会用到)
再次提到这个物时要用the
单词 (本单元出现的单词)
不可数：ice-cream salad milk bred rice chicken
可数：banana hamburger tomato strawberry pear vegetable
呃 偶们老师就讲了这么多 其他的 就
希望对你有帮助 给不给就无所谓了 能帮到你我很荣幸 !!
❾ 九年级上学期英语1-6单元重要词组，句型，语法重点和用法！！
你花了我一个晚上的时间！希望能帮到你！
一、知识点
①英语有两种语态：主动语态和补动语态
主动语态表示是动作的执行者
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者
Cats eat fish. （主动语态）猫吃鱼。
Fish is eaten by cats. (被动语态)鱼被猫吃。
②被动语态的构成
由“助动词be ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成
助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。
时态 被动语态结构 例句
一般现在 时 am
are +过去分词
is English is spoken in many countries.
一般过去 时 was +过去分词
were + 过去分词 This bridge was built in 1989.
情 态
动 词 can/should
may +be+过去分词
must/…… The work must be done right now.
③被动语态的用法
当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。
2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事（主动语态）如：
Mother allows me to watch TV every night. 妈妈允许我每晚看电视。
be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事（被动语态）如：
LiLy is allowed to go to Qinzhou. 莉莉被允许去钦州。
3. get their ears pierced 穿耳洞
让/使（别人）做某事 get sth. done(过去分词)
have sth. done 如：
I get my car repaired. == I have my car repaired. 我让别人修好我的车
I want to have my hair cut. 我要理发.
4. enough 足够
形容词＋enough 如：beautiful enough 足够漂亮
enough＋名词 如：enough food 足够食物
enough to 足够…去做… 如：
I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。
She is old enough to go to school.她够大去读书了。
5. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 Please stop speaking.请停止说话。
stop to do sth. 停止下来去做某事 Please stop to speak. 请停下来说话。
6. 看起来好像…sb. seem to do sth. = It seems that +从句
He seems to feel very sad.
It seems that he feels very sad. 他看起来好像很伤心。
7.倒装句:
由so＋助动词(be/do/will/have)/情态动词＋主语 意为：…也是一样
Neither/Nor + be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语(前为否定) 表示与前面所述事实一致.
She is a student. So am I. 她是一个学生，我也是。
She went to school just now. So did I . 她刚才去学校了，我也是
She has finished the work. So have I . 她已经完成了工作,我也完成了。
She will go to school. So will he. 她将去学校，他也是。
Tom can’t swim. Neither can John.
8. yet 仍然，还 常用在否定句或疑问句当中 可与although/though连用
9. stay up 熬夜如：I often stay up until 12:00pm.我经常熬夜到12点。
10. clean up 打扫 整理 如：
I have cleaned up the bedroom. 我已经打扫完了卧室。
11. 程度副词：
always总是 usually经常 sometimes有时 never从不
如：I am always/usually/sometimes/never late for school.
我总是/经常/有时/从不上学迟到。
12. 曾经做某事：
Do you ever get to school late? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
Have you ever got to school late? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
13. go shopping(去购物), go fishing(去钓鱼)
go swimming(去游泳), go boating(去划船)
go hiking(去登山), go trekking(去徒步)
14. .be strict with+人. be strict in+事物.
例: The head teacher is strict with his students
He is strict in the work.
15. take the test 参加考试
pass the test 通过考试 fail a test 考试失败
16. the other day前几天,不久前的一天.(用于过去时)
every other day = every two days 每隔一天 （每两天）
17. agree 同意 反义词 disagree不同意 动词
agreement 同意 反义词 disagreement 不同意 名词
18. keep sb/ sth. ＋形容词 使某人/某物保持…. 如：
We should keep our city clean.（cleaningⅹ）我们应该保持我们的城市干净。
Don’t keep me waiting for a long time.别让我等得太久。
19. both…and… +动词复数形式
如： Both Jim and Li Ming play bastketball.
20. learn (sth.) from sb. 向谁学习(什么) 如：
Jim learnt English from his English teacher. 吉姆向他的英语老师学习英语
21. have an opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事
have a chance of doing sth. 有机会做某事
如：I have an opportunity to go to Beijing. I have a chance of going to Beijing.
22. at present 目前
23. at least 最少 at most 最多
24. 花费 take ,cost, spend , pay
It take (sb.) time to do sth. It took (me) 10days to read the book.
sth. cost (sb.) …… The book cost (me) 100yuan.
sb. spend … on sth. She spent 10days on this book.
sb. spend …doing sth. She spent 10days reading this book.
sb. pay … for sth. She paid 10yuan for this book.
25. have +时间段+off 放假，休息 如：have 2 days off
off 不工作,不上班,不上学,不值班.
例: I think I’ll take the afternoon off. 我想下午歇班.
She is off today. 她今天休息.
I have three days off next week. 下周我有三天假.
They haven’t had a day off since last week. 从上周来,他们没休息过一天.
26. reply to 答复某人 如：She replayed to MrGreen.
27. agree with sth. 同意某事 如：I agree with that idea.
agree to sb. 同意某人的意见 如：I agree to LiLei.
28. get in the way of 碍事，妨碍 如：
Her social life got in the way of her studies. 她的社会生活妨碍了她的学习。
29. success n. succeed v. successful adj. successfully adv.
30. think about 与think of 的区别
①当两者译为： 认为、想起、记着时，两者可互用
I often think about/ of that day. 我经常想起那天。
②think about 还有“考虑”之意 ，think of 想到、想出时两者不能互用
At last, he thought of a good idea. 最后他想出了一个好主意。
We are thinking about going Qinzhou. 我们正在考虑去钦州。
31. 对… 热衷， 对…兴趣
be serious about doing 如：She is serious about dancing. 她对跳舞热衷。
be serious about sth. 如：She is serious about him. 她对他感兴趣。
32. practice doing 练习做某事 She often practice speaking English.
33. care about sb. 关心某人 如：Mother often care about her son.
34. also 也 用于句中
either也 用于否定句且用于句末
too=as well 也 用于肯定句且用于句末
I am also a student. 我也是一个学生
I am a student too. 我也是一个学生。
I am not a student either. 我也不是一个学生。
35.allow sb to do sth 允许某人做… allow doing sth 允许做…
36.stupid silly foolish 三个词都有“蠢”的意思.但略有不同.stupid 程度最强,指智力 理解力 学习能力差. silly 指头脑简单,傻头傻脑,使人觉得可笑,带有感情色彩. foolish 尤其在口语中广泛使用.
例: He is stupid in learning math. 他学习数学很笨.
Stop asking such silly questions. 别再问这样傻的问题了.
You are foolish to throw away such a good chance.
你真蠢,丢掉这样一个好机会.
37.He doesn’t seem to have many friends.
=It seems that he doesn’t have many friends.
=He seems not to have many friends.
38.clean (v.) 打扫,清理
clean up 比较彻底地打扫,清理 clean out 打扫,清理地最彻底.
39.concentrate on… 全神贯注做…
例: He decided to concentrate on physics because he failed the exam.
This company concentrates on China market.
这家公司把重点放在中国市场上.
40. more…than…①与其说…不如说…; 比…更…
例: The man is more stupid than nervous.
与其说那人紧张,倒不如说他愚蠢.
②在这一结构中,more做adj. 修饰名词,表示“比…多”
例:I have more books than you. 我的书比你的多.
41.volunteer ① n. 自愿者. ② v. volunteer to do sth. 自愿做…
例: We all volunteered to help in the old people’s home.
我们都志愿到敬老院帮忙.
42. get in the way (of)... 妨碍...
例: He never gets in others’ way. 他从不妨碍别人.
The bikes over there will get in the way of others. 自行车放在那里会妨碍别人的.
43. success (n.) successful (adj.) succeed (v.)
44. only 处于句首,并后跟状语时,全句需要倒装.
例: Only then did he understand it. 只有到那时,他才明白.
Only in this way can we learn English well. 只有这样我们才能把英语学好.
Only when she came home, did he learn the news. 当她到家时,他才得知了这消息.
45. care about 关心,在乎,在意.
例: No one cares about others nowadays. 现在没人关心别人.
I don’t care about what he does. 我并不在意他干什么.
二、短语
1. be allowed to do sth 被允许干…
allow sb to do sth 允许某人干…
allow doing sth 允许干…
2. sixteen-year-olds = sixteen-year-old boys and girls 16岁的孩子
3. part-time jobs 兼职工作
4. a driver’s license 驾照
5. on weekends 在周末
6. at that age 在那个年龄段
7. on school nights 在上学期间的每个晚上
8. stay up 熬夜
9. clean up (相当与及物动词) 清扫
10. fail (in) a test 考试不及格
11. take the test 参加考试
12. the other day 前几天
13. all my classmates 我所有的同学
14. concentrate on 全神贯注于
15. be good for 对…有益
16. in groups 成群的,按组的
17. get noisy 吵闹(系表结构)
18. learn from 向某人学习
19. at present 目前,现在
20. have an opportunity to do sth 有做…的机会
21.English-English dictionary 英英词典
22. at least 至少
23.eight hours’ sleep a night 每晚8小时的睡眠
24. an old people’s home 敬老院
25. take time to do sth 花费时间干…
26. primary schools 小学
27. have…off 放假,休息
28. reply to 回答,答复
29. get in the way of 妨碍
30. a professional athlete 职业运动员
31. achieve one’s dreams 实现梦想
32. think about 思考,考虑
33. in the end 最后,终于
34. be serious about 对…热忠/极感兴趣
35. spend…on + n. spend …(in) + v-ing 在…上花费时间/金钱
36. care about 关心,担心,在乎
37. agree with 同意…
三.句子
1. I don’t think twelve-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced.
我认为不应该允许12岁的孩子穿耳孔.
2.They talk instead of doing homework. 他们聊天而不是做作业.
3.He is allowed to stay up until 11:00 pm. 允许他们熬到晚上11点.
4.We should be allowed to take time to do things like that more often.
我们应该被允许更加经常的花些时间多做这类事情.
5.What school rules do you think should be changed?
你认为学校的哪些制度应该改一改了?
6.The two pairs of jeans both look good on me.
这两条牛仔裤穿在我身上都适合.
7.The classroom is a real mess. 教室太脏了.
8.Should I be allowed to make my own decisions?
9.Only then will I have a chance of achieving my dream.
只有这样我才能实现我的梦想.
10.They should be allowed to practice their hobbies as much as they want.
应该允许他们对业余爱好想练多长时间就练多长时间.
11.We have nothing against running. 我们没有理由反对他跑步.