⑴ 英语中完全倒装与部分倒装
1、否定副词位于句首时不同
never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere 等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首,则其后要用部分倒装:
I shall never forgive him. / Never shall I forgive him. 我永远不会宽恕他。
表示地点的here和 there位于句首时,其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词:
Here’s Tom. 汤姆在这里。
2、某些起副词作用的介词短语不同
由于含有否定词,若位于句首,其后要用部分倒装:On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。
in no time(立即,马上)位于句首时,其后无需用倒装语序:In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。
3、当一个状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首不同
其后用部分倒装语序:Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。
“so+助动词+主语”倒装
当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者,通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构:You are young and so am I. 你年轻,我也年轻。
⑵ 求英语语法讲解 关于部分倒装
首先说明:it was aways safe to assume that nothing we did or could do would have any lasting effect on global environment这句话,nothing we did or could do 不是倒装,assume后的 that引导从句,nothing是主语,we did or could do 是定语从句,在we前省略that,would have 是谓语部分。
第一句no longer谓语句首,否定词前置,半倒装,
第二句,标语前置,全倒装。 以表语开头的句子:有时为了把较长的主语放在后面,须将表语和谓语都提到主语前。 例子: Such would be our home in the future. 我们将来的家就是这个样子。
下面我把倒装详细讲解给你粘过来:
英语倒装
倒装是一种语法手段,用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种:完全倒装和部分倒装。
1. 完全倒装
1) 完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前(是整个谓语动词,而非助动词)。 例如:In came the teacher and the class began. (老师走了进来,然后开始上课。) 2) there引出的完全倒装句:除了最常见的there be句型以外,there还可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand等,一般都译成"有"的含义,构成完全倒装句。 例如:There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.(远处有个穿黑色衣服的人。) 3) 由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句:以地点副词here, there和时间副词now, then 开头,后面的动词是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand等,而主语又是名词时,构成完全倒装句。Up climbed the boy when his mother came. 4)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词且主语是名词时使用完全倒装 5)在强调状语时1)当句首状语为方位词或拟声词,谓语动词为go, come等表示位置转移的动词时句子须倒装。例如: 1 Up went the plane. 2 In came the chairman and the meeting began. 注:如果主语是代词则不发生倒装。例如: 1 Out they rushed! 2 Lower and lower he bent. (2) 当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时,句子须倒装。例如: 1 Round the corner walked a large policeman. 2Under the table was lying a half-conscious young man. 3 当句首状语由“only +副词”,“only +介词词组”,“only +状语从句”构成时,句子须倒装。例如: 1 Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. 2 Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end. (6)当句首状语为here, there, now, then等时,句子须倒装,主语是代词时,句子不用倒装。例如: 1)Here is a ticket for you. 2)Now comes your turn. 3)Here he comes. (7)以关联词so (…that)开头的句子中,句子须倒装。例如: 1)So small was the mark that I could hardly see it. 2)So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus. 3)So much does he worry about his financial position that he can’t sleep at night. 注:在该结构中,“so +形容词”是表语的前置;“so +副词”是状语的前置。 .在直接引语之后 在叙事性书面语中,直接引语后常跟asked Mary, answered John, said the old lady, grunted Peter之类的词语。在这些 词语中,动词常的主语之前,主语是代词时,不用倒装。例如: 1)“What do you mean?” asked Henry. 2)“What do you mean?” he asked. . often, many a time等表示频度的状语置于句首时 例如:Often did they think of going there, but they never had a chance. 12.在as, though引导的让步状语从句中 在as, though引导的让步状语从句中,一般将形容词、副词或名词等置于句首。例如: 1)Small as the atom is, we can smash it. 2)Big as the workpiece is, it is turned out with Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹。 Out he rushed. 注意: 1) 在here, there引出的倒装句中,当主语是普通名词时用完全倒装句,但当主语是代词时,就要用部分倒装句。 例:Here comes the postman!(邮递员终于来了!注意实意谓语动词位于主语之前。) Here we are.(我们到了。注意系动词位于主语代词之后。) 2) 当主语是代词,谓语是系动词,表语是说明性的词、词组和定语从句时,可以使用完全倒装句,起强调作用。 例:Lucky is he who has been enrolled into a famous university.(他真幸运,被一所名牌大学录取了。) Typical for China is the crosstalk show where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play.(中国典型的是相声表演,两个喜剧演员通过文字游戏逗乐观众)
2. 部分倒装
1) 部分倒装即只把谓语的一部分(如助动词、情态动词等)放到主语前,或把句子的强调成分提前。 Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he has always dreamt about(疾病没有使他放弃过上梦想中的生活) 2) 以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装。注意下列句子中助动词或情态动词提前、甚至补充助动词的用法: 例:Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.(小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。) In no country other than Britain, it had been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.(据说除了英国世界上没有哪个国家能让人在一天中感受到四季变化) 3) 以否定副词开头并加状语放在句首的句子要求部分倒装。这些否定副词有barely, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely…… when, never, no sooner…… than, rarely, no more, not nearly, not only等以及only。 Only in the country can you learn the “true English”. 4)一些如scarcely……when, no sooner ……than, hardly……when引导的主从复合句主句要求使用过去完成式。 注意:在部分倒装句中,只有助动词、情态动词或连系动词to be可以置于主语之前,其它部分都要置于主语之后。 5)此外,一些介词+no+名词的结构中需要用部分倒装,这些结构包括at no time; by no means; by no manner of means; for no reason; in no case; in/under no circumstances; in no sense; in no way; on no account; on no consideration; at no point例如Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money. 注意: a) 如果含有从句时,只要求主句倒装: 例:Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.(只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。) b) 如果上述否定副词出现在强调句型中的前半部分,不用倒装: 例: It was not until he went abroad that he know the truth of the fact.(直到他出国以后才了解到事实真相。) c) 如果hardly, scarcely后面接的是any, ever, at all时,意义类似almost no/ not/ never(几乎不、从不),则无须倒装。 例:Hardly any people having been invited went there.(几乎没有什么受到邀请的人去那里了。) 6) 由no matter how, however和how引导的状语从句要求部分倒装,因为形容词或副词通常紧跟在这三个引导词后面,然后才是主语和谓语,形成形式上的部分倒装句: 例:I know nothing about this river, neither how long, how wide nor how deep it is.(我一点也不了解这条河,不知道它有多长,多宽或多深。) 7) 由as引导的部分倒装句: a) 当as作为比较意义时,即用于as + adj./ adv. + as结构中时,如果把第一个as省略掉,就形成部分倒装句。 例:Cautious as the rest of her family (was) , she didn't seem willing to give an immediate reply to my question.(正如她家里人一样谨慎小心,她似乎不愿意立即回答我的问题。) She charged the stairs, quick as a rabbit (ran).(她跑上楼去,跑得象兔子那么快!) b) 当 as引导让步状语时,和although, though一样,当用作“尽管”之义时,可以用于部分倒装句。 Hard as he worked, he did not pass the exam.(虽然他很用功,但他还是没及格) c) 表示原因时,为了强调起见,也可以倒装。 例:Tired as he was, we decided not to disturb him.(因为他太累了,我们决定不打扰他。) d) 等于so时,意义是“也,也是” 例:She worked hard, so/ as did her husband. (她工作很努力,她的丈夫工作也很努力。)
3. so, neither, nor倒装
除了构成上述倒装句以外,还可以取代上文出现的名词、形容词甚至整句话,构成完全倒装句或部分倒装句。但这两种倒装的意义不同。 a) 当so表示“也,相同,那样”时,通常表示对前一句肯定句的赞同、一致内容,要求使用完全倒装句: He promised to finish my homework, so did I. b) so /such ……that句型可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分: 例:So selfish was she that everyone avoid talking with her. c)也存在such+be+主语的情况用以强调,例如Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.(阿尔伯特•爱因斯坦是一个有伟大成就的普通人) d) neither和nor共有4种倒装形式,其含义分别为: 1) 完全倒装时:表示"也不",和上文a)用法正好相反,表示对前一句否定句的赞同或一致内容。 例:You don't know what to do now, neither/ nor do I .(你不知道现在该做什么,我也不知道。) 2) 和其它否定副词连用,表示"也(不)",也要求用完全倒装句: 例:The besieged enemy could not advance, nor / neither retreat could they .(被包围的敌人既不能进,也不能退。) 注意:若把这句话改成:"The besieged enemy could neither advance nor retreat.(被包围的敌人既不能进,也不能退。)"就不必倒装。 She never laughed, nor did she ever lose her temper. 3) 用在肯定句里,构成一般否定倒装: 例:All that is true, nor must we forget it.(那全都是真的,我们可不能忘记。)
4. 部分倒装
有承上启下作用,表示同意和赞同: 例:A: I couldn't do anything for her.(我帮不了她。) B: Nor you could, but you might have got somebody to help her.(你是不能帮她,但你本可以找人帮她的。) 2) 在进行比较的句子里,如果主语不是代词时,可以倒装: 例:America consumes more energy than did our country.(美国消耗的能源比我们国家多。) 3)在某些表示祝愿的句型中要求倒装。如May you happy. 4)在文学作品中常出现倒装,有些是由于语法习惯,有些是为了简单的修辞,如Not even one cloud will I bring away(不带走一片云彩).
⑶ 请问英语中的部分倒装与全部倒装分别是什么什么时候用部分倒装,什么时候用全部倒装 希望回答能够详
部分倒装与全部倒装的定义:
英语最基本的词序是主语在谓语动词的前面。如果将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,这称之为完全倒装。如果只将助动词或情态动词移至主语之前,谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面,这称之为部分倒装。
用法如下:
一、完全倒装
完全倒装的四种主要类型
1. here 和there位于句首时的倒装
表示地点的here和 there位于句首时,其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词:
Here’s Tom. 汤姆在这里。
There’s Jim. 吉姆在那儿。
Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
There goes the last train. 最后一班火车开走了。
【注意】
(1) 以上倒装句中的谓语动词come和go不能用进行时态,即不能说 Here is coming the bus。
(2) 若主语为代词,则不倒装:
Here I am. 我在这儿。/ 我来了。
Here it comes. 它来了。
(3) 其中的动词有时也可能是stand, lie, live等表示状态的动词(表示存在):
There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墙放着一张书桌。
Once upon a time there lived a man known by the name of Beef. 从前有个人名叫比夫。
2. away和down等位于句首时的倒装
地点副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时,其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词:
Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。
Round and round flew the plane. 飞机盘旋着。
The door opened and in came Mr Smith. 门开了,史密斯先生进了来。
Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了,伞都撑起来了。
【注意】
若主语为人称代词,则不能用倒装:
Away he went. 他跑远了。
Down it came. 它掉了下来。
二、部分倒装
1. 否定副词位于句首时的倒装
在正式文体中,never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere 等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首,则其后要用部分倒装:
I shall never forgive him. / Never shall I forgive him. 我永远不会宽恕他。
He seldom goes out for dinner. / Seldom does he go out for dinner. 他很少出去吃饭。
She hardly has time to listen to music. / Hardly does she have time to listen to music. 她几乎没时间听音乐。
He little realizes how important this meeting is. / Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。
We had no sooner reached the airport than the plane took off. / No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。
【注意】
(1) 对于not…until句型,当not until…位于句首时,其后的主句要用倒装语序:
He didn’t leave the room until the rain stopped. / Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之后他才离开这房间。
(2) 某些起副词作用的介词短语,由于含有否定词,若位于句首,其后要用部分倒装:
On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。
In [Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him.无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。
但是,in no time(立即,马上)位于句首时,其后无需用倒装语序:
In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。
2.“only+状语”位于句首时的倒装
当一个状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首时,其后用部分倒装语序:
Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。
Only in this way are you able to do it well. 你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。
Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时,才知道出了什么事。
3. “so+adj. / adv.”位于句首时的倒装
副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时,其后用部分倒装:
So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷,我们只好呆在家里。
So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快,我们几乎没法想像它的速度。
So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然,我们来不及逃跑。
(3)部分倒装的语法英语扩展阅读:
倒装句中的主谓一致
在“副词here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, away等、作状语或表语的介词短语或分词短语+谓语动词+主语”的倒装结构中,谓语动词的数由动词后面的主语决定。如:
On the wall hang two maps. 墙上挂着两张地图。
On the wall hangs a world of map. 墙上挂着一张世界地图。
Here is your coat. 这是你的外套。
Here are your running-shoes. 这是你的跑鞋。
Such is the result. 结果就是这样。
Such are the results. 这就是结果。
⑷ 英语语法:什么时候用全倒装,什么时候用半倒装
部分倒装
1. 否定意义的词或短语,位于句首,需部分倒装。如否定词no, not, never;半否定词hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, rarely, little, few;no合成的代词或副词nobody, nothing, nowhere;否定的短语not until, by no means, in no way, in no time, under no circumstances。
No word did he say before he left.
Never had I heard or seen such a thing.
Little did I know about it.
Nowhere will you find better roses than theses.
Not until he went abroad did he know the truth.
By no means shall we give up.
2. not only (merely, alone, simply)…(but) also 连接两个并列分句,前一分句需倒装。
Not only did we lose our money, but we also came close to losing our lives.
Not simply is this book interesting but also instructive.
注意:Not only you but also I(连接并列主语不倒装)will attend the meeting.
3. neither…nor连接两个并列分句,前后两个分句都倒装。
Neither did they write nor did they telephone.
Neither is he wrong nor are you.
Neither could I help you, nor could he.
Neither French nor German do I know.
Neither on Saturday nor on Sunday do we have lessons.
注意: Neither you nor I(连接并列主语不倒装) like this book.
4. Only + 状语,位于句首,需部分倒装。
Only when I got there did I know the truth.
Only in the morning can you meet him.
Only him did I see yesterday.
注意:Only Li Lei(修饰主语不倒装) can answer this question.
5. 在含有were, had, should的if虚拟条件句中,省略if,将were, had, should移到句首,需部分倒装。
Were he here, we would have no difficulty with it.
Had you worked hard, you would have finished it early.
Should it rain, the crops would be saved.
6. as / though引导让步状语从句时,用部分倒装。
Old as / though he is, he works like a young man.
Much as I admire her, I can’t forgive her faults.
Try again as / though he will, he can’t succeed.
In the classroom as / though he stays, he doesn’t read his texts.
注意:Child as / though he is, he knows much about the society.
(表语是单数可数名词,倒装时省略名词前的a/an)
7. so…that…和 such…that…引导状语从句,当so或such提到句首时,主句需用倒装语序。
So interesting is that story that everyone wants to read it.
So good a girl is she that we all like her.
Such a good girl is she that we all like her.
8. to such an extent, to such a degree, to such lengths介词短语位于句首时,需倒装。
To such lengths did he speak that everyone got bored.
To such an extent did they fight that they broke up.
9. so 位于后一分句句首,表示“也一样”,需倒装。
He has been to Beijing, and so have I.
Tom will go there next summer, and so will I.
He can speak French. So can I.
She respected me. So did I.
Rock music is OK, and so is skiing.
10. neither, nor, no more 位于后一分句句首,表示“也不”,需倒装。
He didn’t see the film, neither did she.
I don’t enjoy singing, nor did I like computer games.
She is not into music, nor am I.
He can’s drive a car. No more can I.
11. be动词引导的让步状语从句需倒装。
Be he rich or poor, I will love him for the rest of my life.
12. as引导的方式状语从句中,可采用倒装,也可不用。
My uncle, as did other hunters, had a dog team.
He was honest and diligent, as were most of his classmated.
13. 在比较状语从句中因主语较长,或带有较长的修饰语时可倒装,也可不用。
He ran as fast as did the person who came from England.
American consumed more energy than did our country.
完全倒装—即将谓语移到主语前
1. 以 here, there, now, then或out, in, up, down, off, away, below, back 等方向性副词开头的句子,需完全倒装。
Here comes the bus.
Now comes your turn.
Then came a new difficulty.
In came an old man with a white beard.
Out rushed a cat from under the table.
Off went the horse.
注意:The door opened and in she came.
Here you are.
Out he rushed. (主语为代词不倒装)
2. 表地点的介词短语位于句首,需完全倒装。
Around the lake are some tall tree.
At the end of the valley lies a small lake.
Under the table sleeps a brown cat.
3. 表语位于句首时,需完全倒装。
Seated on the ground are a group of young people.
Hanging on the wall was a painting by Qi Baishi.
Gone are the days when we were together.
Happy are those who are contended.
注意:在表语置于句首的倒装结构中,要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致,而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。
⑸ 英语语法,倒装和全倒装各举一例
部分倒装:only in this way can we work it out
整体倒装:here comes the bus
⑹ 英语中的半倒装与部分倒装是不是一个意思啊
在英语语法里面,半倒装就是部分倒装,意思完全一样.
你可以参考下面这个链接,有比较详细的语法介绍.
⑺ 英语语法中需要部分倒装的地方
倒装结构也是英语考试中的常考语法现象,该结构分为全部倒装和部分倒装。所
谓全部倒装是指整个谓语部分放在主语前面;而部分倒装是指谓语的一部分(情态动词或助动词)放在主语之前。
考点一:表示地点、方向和时间的副词或者介词放在句首时,句子要全部倒装。这些词有:
here, there, up, down, out, away, now, then,
There was a sudden gust of wind and away went his hat.
In each room are ten students. 每个房间里有十个学生。
考点二:当含有否定意义的词或短语放在句首时,要用部分倒装。这类词包括:
not, never, neither, seldom, little, nowhere, hardly, scarcely, rarely, no longer, not until, at no time, by no means, on no account, in no case, under no circumstances, on no account, not only … but also…。
Nowhere in the world can you find a man who loves you so much.
Not until he came back did I leave. (注意:只能是主句的主谓倒装)
On no account will the manager tolerate rudeness from his employees.
考点三: as +adj. / adv. 以及“to such a degree, to such an extent, to such a point.”放在句首, 表示程度,句子要倒装。
To such an extent did his health deteriorate that he was forced to retire.
So diligently does he work that he often forgets to eat and sleep.
考点四:虚拟语气中,省去if 后, 从句需要倒装。
Had he not been promoted, he never have remained with the company.
(= If he had not been promoted, …)
Should you change your mind, no one would blame you.
Were he to leave today, he would get there by Monday.
Had I known what was going to happen, I would never have done such a thing.
本来为If I had known what…
考点五:“only + 状语”放在句首时,句子需要倒装。
Only by working hard can you achieve your goal.
Only in this way can we solve this problem successfully and effectively.
考点六: 由as 或though 引导的让步状语从句有时也用倒装句,即把表语或部分谓语提前。
Patient though / as he was, he was unwilling to wait three hours.
他虽有耐心,但也不愿意等三个小时。
Child as / though he was, he had a good command of English.
他虽然是个孩子,但已经熟知英语。
Try as he might, he couldn’t the box. 不管他想什么办法, 都没法打开那个箱子。
考点七:由be 引起的倒装句表示让步,并带有虚拟语气的结构特点,即 be 用原形。
The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.
( be it selling…= whether in may be selling …)
每天的生意,无论是售货还是运货,都进行得很顺利。
Be it so humble, there is no place like home.
( be it so humble = However humble it may be,…)
金窝银窝,不如自己的草窝。
祝你学习愉快!!
⑻ 英语语法中需要部分倒装的地方哪些地方需要部分倒装
so does he 他也这么做so he does 他确实这么做参见3楼所讲的“主题优先”英语中全倒装指主语在谓语后面,半倒装指主语还在谓语前面的情况