❶ 仁爱英语九年级上册的语法
九下仁爱短语词组复习题
Unit 1 Topic 1
1.向……学习
2.过着艰苦的生活
3.详细地
4.给……支持；
5.赡着……，
6.给……赞助
7.在……帮助下
8.到国外学习
9.把……分成……
10.对……感到满意
11.取得进步
12.幸亏；多亏……；由于
13.起草；拟订……
14.去过……（地方）
15.去了……（地方）
16.挨饿
17.社会活动
Unit 1 Topic 2
1.迷路；丢失
2.收到……的来信
3.生活（居住）条件
4.至少
5.发生
6.独生子女政策
7.医疗保险
8.五分之一
9.由于；因为
10.不到；少于
11.几个；数个，好几个
12.…和…都
13.尽管；既使
14.不仅……而且
15.三分之一
16.购物中心
17.成千上万的
18.成百万上千万的
Unit 1 Topic 3
1.选定；决定
2.提供给某人……
3.习惯于某事/物；
4.习惯于做某事；
5.过去常常做某事；
6.被用于做某事
7.水污染；空气污染
8.成功地做成做某事
9.童工
10.一个社会及各项目
11.国内外
12.被用于做某事
13.你觉得……怎么样？
14.死于
15.实际上
16.花费……在……上
17.遵守交通规则
18.对……友好
19.以便
20.如此……以便
Unit 2 Topic 1
1.化工厂
2.设法完成（困难的事）
努力完成
3.西山
4.把……倒进……
5.写信给
6.保护环境
7.对……大喊（大叫）
8.如此吵闹
9.对……有害
10.例如
Unit 2 Topic 2
1.结果
2.踩踏；践踏
3.关心
4.在公众场合
5.下决心；倾注
6.灭绝
7.砍倒
8.阻…做某事
9.阻…做某事
10.阻…做某事
11.切断
12.有…危险
13.大量；许多
14.或者…或者…；
15.要么…要么…；
16.做某事有危险
17.温室效应
Unit 2 Topic 3
1.相当
2.把……丢掉；抛弃
3.不但…而且…
4.应该做某事
5.应该
6.关掉
7.而不是；相反
8.占据；占领
9.对付；处置；处理
10.太……而不能
11.进行短距离旅行
12.宁愿…不而愿…
13.说起容易做起难
14.可以被回收
15.让人惋惜的是
Unit 3 Topic 1
1.为……作为准备
2.迫不及待做某事
3.后来；以后
4.与……相似
5.做某事有困难
6.做某事毫不费力
7.偶尔；有时；间或
8.也；还
9.遍及全世界
10.成百万上千万的
11.练习做某事
12.将来有一天/
13.将来某一天
14.出差；做生意
Unit 3 Topic 2
1.对……问好
2.顺便说；顺便问一下
3.依…而定；视…而定
4.不同于…；与…不同
5.在某人去…的路上
6.为某人送行
7.为…感到担忧
8.书面英语；写作英语
9.英语口语
10.至于
11.亲自
12.达到目的；办到；成功地做成某事
13.表达自己的意思
14.看见某人在做某事
15.看见某人做了某事
16.前往某地
17.离开……去
18.强迫某人做某事
19.被迫做某事
20.不知道
Unit 3 Topic 3
1.旅行（途）愉快
2.属于困境中
3.在公众场合；当众
4.有时；有时候
5.放弃
6.时代英语报
7.深呼吸
8.做听力练习
9.想做某事
10.放弃做某事
11.一些建议
12.害怕做某事
Unit 4 Topic 1
1.围绕……转
2.把……送入
3.飞到
4.将来有一天
5.进行体检
6.禁不住做某事（忍不住做某事）
7.在太空
8.睡袋
9.轮流做某事
10.无疑地
11.做室验
12.将来某一天
13.（过去）有一天
14.制定一个庞大的计划
15.载人宇宙飞船
16.取得很大的进步
Unit 4 Topic 2
1.由……制成（看得出原材料）
2.由……制成（看不出原材料）
3.被用于做某事
4.在某人的一生中
5.作为…而出名
6.只要
7.对…作出贡献
8.对…作出巨大贡献
9.允许某人做某事
10.允许做某事
11.被允许做某事/获准做某事
12.在某地制造
13.被用作…（工具）
14.实现；成为现实
Unit 4 Topic 3
1. 在将来
2.能够…
3.发射
4.为了…
5.亲眼
6.在…上登陆
7.参加
8.积极参加
9.成长；长大
10.在舞台上
11.比起…更喜欢…
12.把某人看作…
13.更糟糕的是
14.值得做某事
15.相隔
16.和…一样
be busy doing sth.
be worth doing sth.
instead of doing sth.
can’t help doing sth.
take (a) pride in doing sth.
take (an) interest in doing sth.
be proud of
take care of= look after
take good care of = look after well
succeed in doing sth.= be successful in doing sth.
❷ 仁爱英语九年级unit4语法短语
Unit 4 短语
1. a million dollars 一百万美元 2. buy snacks 买零食
3. three hundred / thousand / million / billion 三百/千/百万/十亿
4. hundreds / thousands / millions / billions of 数以百/千/百万/十亿计
5. give the money to charity 把钱捐献给慈善机构6. put the money to the bank存钱
7. medical research 医疗研究 8. add…to… 添加…到…
9. be nervous 紧张 10. be late for 迟到
11. at the party 在晚会上 12. wear a shirt and tie穿衬衣打领带
13. what if … 即使…又会怎么样呢？14. get / be nervous 紧张
15. get pimples 起鸡皮疙瘩/长青春痘 16. take a big exam 参加大考
17. too…to… 太…以致不能 18. take a long walk 散一大段步
19. help you relax 帮你放松 20. let me have one 让我有一个
21. speak in public 在公共场合讲话 22. hardly ever 几乎不曾
23. give a speech 作演讲 24. without permission 未经允许
25. with one’s permission在某人许可的情况下 26. ask sb. to be in a movie邀请某人拍电影
27. introce oneself 自我介绍 28. not …in the slightest 一点也不
29. plenty of 许多…，足够的… 30. the company of … ……的陪伴
31. be easy to get along with 容易相处 32. would rather…than…宁愿…也不愿…
33. English speech contest 英语演讲比赛 34. represent the class 代表班级
35. let sb. down 使某人失望 36. come up with 提出、想出
37. the rest of students 其余的学生 38. be faced with 面临、面对
39. have experience (in) doing sth. 在做某事方面有经验
40. deal with 对付、应付、处理 41. come out 出来、出版、开花
42. by accident 偶然地、无意之中 43. cover with 用…覆盖住
44. go downstairs / upstairs 下/上楼 45. get hurt 受伤
46. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 47. hide sth. from. sb.把某事瞒着某人
重点句子
Unit 4
1. What would you do if you had a million dollars? 如果你有一百万美元，你会怎么做呢？
2. I’m too tired to do well.我太累了不能做好。
3. If I were you, I’d talk to someone who looks friendly.
如果我是你，我将和看起来友好的人讲话。
4. I really want a dog, but my parents won’t let me have one.
我真的想要一只狗，但我的父母不允许我养。
5. You like talking to one or two people rather than to a group.
你喜欢和一个或两个人交谈，而不是一群人。
6. You must always hide medicine from children.你必须把药藏到小孩子们看不到的地方。
重点句型、句式
Unit 4
1．pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 I pretended to sleep just now.
pretend +从句 假装… I pretended that I fell asleep.
2. be late for 迟到 如：I am late for work/ school/ class/ party.
3．what if + 从句 如果…怎么办 ， 要是… 又怎么样
如：What if she doesn’t come? 要是她不来怎么办？
What if LiLei knows? 如果李雷知道了怎么办？
4. add sth.to sth.添加…到… 如：I added some sugar to water. 我把糖添加到水里。
5． ask sb. to do 叫…做某事
ask sb. not to do sth.叫…不要做某事
tell sb. to do 告诉…做某事
tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉…不要做某事
如：Teacher asked me to clean the classroom.
Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom.
6. start doing==start to do.开始做某事
如：He started speaking/ to speak. 他开始说话。
7. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那里借来某物
如：I borrowed a book from Lily. 我从莉莉那里借来一本书。
8. introce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人
如：I introced Lily to Anna. 我把莉莉介绍给安娜。
9. invite sb. to do 邀请某人做某事
如：Lily invited me to go to her home for supper. 莉莉邀请我去她家吃晚饭。
10．get along with sb. 与…相处
如：Do you get along well with your friends? 你和你的朋友相处得好吗？
11. would rather do sth. than do sth. 表示愿做某事而不愿做某事
如：I would rather walk than run.
12．let sb. down 让某人失望 如：Don’t let your mother down.不要让你的妈妈失望。
13. come up with sth.提出 如He：came up with a good idea.他提出了一个好主意。
catch up with sb. 追上 赶上 如：Lily caught up with Anna. 莉莉赶上了安娜。
14. have experience doing 在做某事有经验
如：I have experience teaching Chinese. 我在教英语方面有经验。
重点语法
Unit 4
宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。
由连接词+ 主语+ 谓语 构成
常由下面的一些词引导：
一由that 引导 表示陈述意义 that 可省略
He says (that) he is at home. 他说他在家里。
二由if , whether 引导 表示 一般疑问意义(带有是否、已否、对否等)
I don’t know if / whether Wei Hua likes fish. 我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。
三由 连接代词、连接副词(疑问词) 引导 表示特殊疑问意义
Do you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想要买什么吗？
四从句时态要与主句一致
当主句是一般现在时，从句根据情况使用任何时态
He says (that ) he is at home. 他说他在家里。
I don’t know (that) she is singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。
She wants to know if I have finished my homework.
她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。
Do you know when he will be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？
当主句是一般过去时，从句应使用过去某时态(一般过去时,过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时)
He said (that) he was at home. 他说他在家里。
I didn’t know that she was singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。
She wanted to know if I had finished m homework.
她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。
Did you know when he would be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？
话题功能
Unit 1
1. 提建议的句子：
a. 提建议常用语
1. Shall we …?
2. You’d better….
3. Let’s ….
4. Let us…, will you?
5. Why not/ Why don’t you….?
6. What/How about…?
7. Would you like to…?
8. Will you please…?
b. 同意他人建议常用语
1. Yes, please./OK./Certainly./All right. /Sure.
2. Good idea. /That’s a good idea. /What a good idea!
3. Yes, let’s…/I would be glad to.
4. I would like to. /Yes, I’d like/love to.
c. 拒绝他人建议常用语
1. No, thank you.
2. Sorry, we can’t. /Sorry, you can’t.
3. Sorry, I’m afraid…/Sorry, I’ll…/Yes, I’d like (love) to, but…
2．解决问题的句子：
a．提出问题
1. I can’t get the pronunciation right.
2. I forget a lot of new words.
3. I can’t always understand when people talk to me.
4. I can’t understand the words in magazines.
5. I don’t get much writing practice.
b．解决问题
1. You can always write the new words in your notebook and study them at home.
2. You should find a pen pal.
3. Listening can help.
4. Why don’t you join an English language club to practice speaking English?
Unit 2
谈论某人过去的性格:
1. ----She used to be short.
----Yes, she did. Now she is tall.
2. ----I used to eat candy all the time.
----Did you?
----Yes, I did. And I used to chew gum a lot.
还可以吧
❸ 初三 英语 仁爱版和新概念版语法
11. 动词的时态
11.1 一般现在时的用法
1） 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如：
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3） 表示格言或警句。例如：
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
4） 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：
I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。
比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。
第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.2 一般过去时的用法
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如：
Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。
3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ，例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
would （had） rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。例如：I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含义：她已不在人间。）
Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含义：她现在还活着）
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）
注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：
Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗？
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。
2）情态动词 could, would。例如：
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗？
返回动词的时态目录
11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如：
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。
be used to + doing： 对……已感到习惯，或"习惯于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。例如：
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。
典型例题
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.4 一般将来时
1） shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如：
Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？
2） be going to +不定式，表示将来。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？
b. 计划，安排要发生的事。例如：The play is going to be proced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。
3） be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如：
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4） be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。例如：
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
返回动词的时态目录
11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时，be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如：
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
返回动词的时态目录
11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如：
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排）
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排）
返回动词的时态目录
11.7 一般现在时表将来
1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。
2）以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如：
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
3）在时间或条件句中。例如：
When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。
4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如：
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.8 用现在进行时表示将来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如：
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？
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11.9 现在完成时
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have （has） +过去分词。
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11.10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时
1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。
共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如：
I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）
Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）
Who hasn't handed in his paper? （强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争）
He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续）
He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续）
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
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11.11 用于现在完成时的句型
1）It is the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如：
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。
This is the first time （that） I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2）This is +形容词最高级+that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。例如：
This is the best film that I've （ever） seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
典型例题
（1） ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
（2） ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。
注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
（错）I have received his letter for a month.
（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
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11.12 比较since和for
Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如：
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。
注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. （我现在已不在这里工作。）
I have worked here for many years.（现在我仍在这里工作。）
注意：用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。
1）（对） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2）（错） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
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11.13 since的四种用法
1） since +过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six）。例如：
I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在这儿。
2） since +一段时间+ ago。例如：
I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿，已经有五个月了。
3） since +从句。例如：
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，变化可大了。
Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后，变化可大了。
4） It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如：
It is two years since I became a postgraate student. 我考上研究生有两年了。
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11.14 延续动词与瞬间动词
1） 用于完成时的区别
延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如：
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 （表结果）
I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。（表经历）
2） 用于till / until从句的差异
延续动词用于肯定句，表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示"到……，才……"。例如：
He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来。
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。
典型例题
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。
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11.15 过去完成时
1） 概念：表示过去的过去
----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2） 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如：
She said （that）she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如：
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"。例如：
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。
3） 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如：
He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年，爱迪生开始自己谋生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
汤姆失望了，因为他到达晚会时，大部分客人已经走了。
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。
注意： had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如：
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门，他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如：
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。
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11.16 用一般过去时代替过去完成时
1） 两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。例如：
When she saw the mouse，she screamed. 她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。
2 ） 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。例如：
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3） 叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。例如：
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
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11.17 将来完成时
1） 构成will have done
2） 概念
a. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如：
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。
b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如：
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此时，你已经到达上海了。
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11.18 现在进行时
现在进行时的基本用法：
a. 表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。例如：
We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。
b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）
c. 表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：
The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。
d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。
典型例题
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
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11.19 不用进行时的动词
1）表示事实状态的动词，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如：I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。
2）表示心理状态的动词，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如：I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。
He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。
3）瞬间动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如：
I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。
4）系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如：
You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。
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11.20 过去进行时
1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。
3） 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如：
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。
It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。
典型例题
1） Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
2） As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read；was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell（fall的过去时），是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
❹ 仁爱英语九年级上册U3T2SB的语法
复合句:有主句，有从句。从句修饰主句的谓语，说明谓语发生的时间/地点/方式等等。
定语从句：也是复合句的一种，修饰主句中的某个名次/代词。
并列句：前后两个句子是相等的，没有主次之分，常用and/or/but/while等连接。
间接引语：把某人的话引用到自己的句中，不用引号表明，而是放在谓语动词的后面变成了宾语从句。如：she asked who you were.
直接引语:把某人的话引用到自己的句中，用引号表明，如; "Who are you?" she asked.
不定试: 是非谓语的一种， to do, 在句子中作除了谓语之外的所有成分。
九 年 级 英 语 语 法 集 中
——定语从句（the Attributive Clause）
Name: ______________ Class: ______________ No.:______________
一、定义：
在复合句中，修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的句子（从句）叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句作定语放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词有：关系代词that，which，who(宾格whom, 所有格whose)和关系副词when，where，why。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，既起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。如：
The girl who is standing on the stage is my sister.
正站在台上的那个女孩是我的妹妹。（关系代词who在句中作主语）
I can’t find the book (that) I bought yesterday.
我找不到我昨天买的那本书。（关系代词that在句中作宾语，可省去）
Madam Curie was a great scientist whose name is known all over the world.
居里夫人是一位全世界闻名的伟大科学家。
二、用法：
（一）关系代词的用法：
（1）that指物，有时也指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。
which指物，不指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。如：
His father works in a factory that/ which makes TV set. （作主语，指物）
The coat (that/ which) I put on the desk is black. （作宾语，可省去）
The books (that/ which) they bought were written by me. （作宾语，可省去）
注意：
(一) which与that指物时可互相代替，但that比which更常见，尤其在口语中。但要注意that可用来指人，而which则不能指人。
只能用that不能用which引导的定语从句：
①定语从句所修饰的词，同时又被形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句只能用that引导；
This is the most interesting story (that) I have ever heard.
②定语从句所修饰的词，同时又被序数词修饰时，定语从句只能用that引导；
The children like the second Lesson that is about “The Football March”.
③定语从句所修饰的词，同时又被the only，the very或the same修饰时，
定语从句只能用that引导；
1) It is the only word (that) I know in the passage.
2) This is the same bicycle (that) I lost.
④定语从句修饰的词同时又被不定代词，如：all，any，no，every，little，many或much等修饰时，定语从句只能用that引导；
Here is all the money (that) I have.
⑤定语从句修饰词为everything，something，anything，nothing，all，none，much，little，few等不定代词时，定语从句只能用that引导。但something前有the时，定语从句可由which引出。
Here is something (that) I will tell you.
I want everything (that) I want.
⑥定语从句修饰的词中同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时，定语从句只能用that引导：
I can remember well the persons and some picture (that) I see in the room.
⑦定语从句修饰的词为one, ones时，定语从句用that引导：
Is it the one (that) you want?
⑧当主句的主语是疑问词 who或 which来提问时，为了避免重复，用that引导定语从句：]
Who is the girl that won the first place?
(二) who指人，that除指人外也指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语可省略，作主语不能省略。
1) The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. （作主语，不可省略）
2) The teacher who spoke at the meeting just now is having a rest in his office. （作主语，不可省略）
3) The boy (who/ that) I like isn’t here now. （作宾语，可省略）
注 意:
who与that指人时可互相代替，但下列情况只能用who不能用that引导的定语从句：
① 先行词是one，ones，anyone时，定语从句只能用who引导；
② 先行词为those时，定语从句只能用who引导；
③ There be句型开头。
另 注：(1) whom指人，为who的宾格形式,在句中只作宾语，其前没有介词时，也可用who替换使用，也可省略，如：
Who is the teacher (that/ who/ whom) Yanzhen is talking to? （作宾语，可省略）
Who is the teacher to whom Yanzhen is talking? （作宾语，介词to提到whom前，whom再此不可省略）
(2) whose 指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语，不可省略。如：
The building whose windows face to the south is our school. （作定语，不可省略）
（二）关系副词的用法：（略）
巩 固 练 习
一、用适当的关系代词填空：
1. The man ___________________ I saw in the street yesterday is Tom’s father.
2. The students ___________________ don’t work hard will not pass the exam.
3. Is there anything ___________________ you want to say now?
4. This is the only book ____________________ I want to read for my child.
5. The first present ____________________ my parents gave me was a model plane.
6. The bridge _____________________ is being built will be the most beautiful in the city.
7. I don’t want to work with a man ____________________ hair is so long.
8. These are the trees ____________________ were planted last year.
9. The car ____________________ he is using is made in China.
10. Is this the musician ____________________ you like best?
二、单项选择：
( )1. The girl _________________ could sing well went to Europe.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. which
( )2. We prefer music which _________________ great lyrics.
A. have B. has C. had D. is
( )3. She lives in a house __________________ windows face south.
A. that B. who C. which D. whose
( )4. Who is the man _________________ talked with you just now?
A. who B. that C. whom D. whose
( )5. Look at the boy and his dog _________________ are coming this way.
A. who B. which C. that D. whom
( )6. This is the biggest ship __________________ I’ve ever seen.
A. who B. whom C. that D. whose
( )7. Look at the girl __________________ name is Susan.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. that
( )8. That was all the money __________________ I had.
A. which B. that C. whom D. whose
( )9. This is the man __________________ last night.
A. whom I saw him B. whom I saw C. which I saw D. who I saw him
( )10. They talked about things and persons ______________ they remembered in the school.
A. who B. which C. that D. what
三、以下列画线的句子为定语，组成一个定语从句：
1. The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling.
_________________________________________________________________
2. The girl is Kate. She has a round face.
_________________________________________________________________
3. He is the man. I told you about him.
_________________________________________________________________
4. The man is kind. Everyone likes him.
_________________________________________________________________
5. The woman got the job. We saw her on the street.
_________________________________________________________________
6. He likes the novels. The novels were written by Hemingway.
_________________________________________________________________
四、阅读理解：
popular music in America is what every student likes. Students carry small radios and listen to music before class，after class，and at lunch. Students with cars buy large speakers and play the music loudly as they drive on the street.
Alt（成年人）drivers listen to music on the car radio as they drive to work. They also listen to the news about sports，the weather，and the life of American people. Most of the radio programmers are music.
Pop or popular music singers make much money. They make a CD or a tape which radio stations use in many places. Once the popular singer is heard all over the country，young people buy his or her tapes. Some of the money from these tapes goes to the singer. Wherever the singer goes，all the young people want to meet him or her. Now the singer has become a famous star.
There are other kinds of music that are important to Americans. One is called folk music. It tells stories about the common（普通的）life of Americans. Another is called western or country music. This was started by cowboys who would sing at night to the cows they were watching. Today，any music about country life and the love between a country boy and his girl is called western or country music.
36. _______kinds of music are mentioned in this passage？
A. Two B. Four C. Three D. Five
37. When pop singers _________，they will become famous stars.
A. make much money B. are loved by all over the young people
C. make a CD or a tape D. are wanted to sing on the radio
38. From the passage we know that country music is about the ______.
A. common life of Americans B. country life and love stories of cowboys
C. life of cowboys D. school life in America
39. Which of the following is true according to this passage？______.
A. All the students in America like popular music
B. Most of the radio programmers in America are popular music
C. Alt drivers in America listen to music all the time while driving
D. Everyone in America wants to meet pop singers wherever they go
40. What would be the best title（标题）for this passage？
A. Western Music B. Popular Music C. History of Music D. American Music
❺ 仁爱版 初二下册英语语法.
think of
想起, 记起; 想念
Will you think of me after I've left?
我离开之后, 你还会记得我吗?
有…想法, 有…看法
She couldn't think of such a thing.
她简直不能想象这样的事。
对…有意见
He was highly thought of by his employer.
他为老板所器重。
考虑
She thinks of no one but herself.
她除了自己外不考虑任何人。
think about
考虑…; 捉摸…
I should like to think about your suggestion before I give a definite reply.
我想先考虑一下你的建议, 然后给你一个明确的答复。
对…有(某种观点)
What do you think about him?
你觉得他这个人怎么样?
回想起, 记起
She was thinking about her childhood days.
她在回忆自己的童年时代。
think over
仔细考虑
You have heard the proposal; now go away and think it over.
你已听了这项提议, 现在去仔细想想。
重新考虑
I've thought the plan over and decided not to join it after all.
我重新考虑了那个计划, 终于决定不参与其事。
1. so+谓语+主语：…也一样. 谓语:be动词/助动词/情态动词
2. so+主语+谓语:的确如此,真的这样.
3. help yourself/yurselves to．．．请随便吃点．．．
4. 发现sb做sth : find sb doing sth
5. 不完全同意I don’t really agree.
完全不同意I really don’t agree.
6. 或者．．或者．．．either…or…..就近原则
既不．．也不．．neither…nor….就近原则
既．．．．又．．．both…and….谓语用复数
7. 看起来，似乎It seems/seemed that…..
8. 由于．．．而闻名be famous for….
9. 餐馆就餐用语：a table for two/sit at the table by the window/here’s the menu/May I take your order?/could we have the bill?/That’s all.
10. 问路Which is the way to…/where is…/How can I get to…/Is there a..near here/Can you tell me the way to…/Can you tell me how I can get to…?
11. turn right at the third crossing/traffic lights在第3个路口往右拐＝take the third crossing on your right
12. 过桥go across the bridge=cross the bridge
13. 走到路的尽头go up this road to the end=go on until you reach the end.
14. at the street corner在街角
15. on sb’s way to….在sb去…的途中/路上
16. what’s the matter?=what’s wrong?=what’s the trouble?怎么了?
17. be sick in hospital/in bed 生病住院/卧床
18. Maybe it is there=it may be there可能在那里.
19. It takes/took/will take sb+时间+to do sth. Sb做sth花费了…时间
20. 路途遥远It’s (5 kms)far(away) from…=That’s quite a long way.
21. wait for…等待
22. 五分钟的步行/驾驶路程：five minutes’ walk/drive
23. 迷路lose sb’s way/sb be lost/sb get lost
24. just then=just at that time/moment就在那时
25. 首先first of all=at first
26. a big city like Tokyo像东京这样的大城市
27. It’s easy/interesting/important/ (for sb) to do sth.（对sb来说）做sth是容易的/有趣的/重要的.
28. if 条件状语从句：从句一般现在时，主句一般将来时。如：If it rains tomorrow, I will not go to the zoo.
29. at the head /end of…在…的前/尾部
30. 我的背很疼. My back hurts badly.
31. 为…做准备get /be ready for…
32. stop sb (from) doing sth.阻止/不让sb做sth
33. have a good/wonderful time=enjoy oneself 玩得很高兴
34. answer in a tired voice/with a smile 用疲惫的声音/面带微笑回答。
35. quarrel with sb on sth 为了sth与sb 吵架
36. complain about sth 为…而抱怨,投诉
37. 生病用语：sb have a headache=sb have a pain in the head 头痛，have a cough 咳嗽，have/catch a cold 感冒，have cancer 得了癌症。
38. have /take the medicine three times a day 吃药，每天3次
39. take sb’s temperature 量体温，look over 医生检查病人
40. drink more water 多喝水，take more exercise 多锻炼
41. sb醒来: sb wake up, //sb 醒着的：sb be awake
42. sb 睡着了入睡 be/fall asleep
43. 忙着…bu busy doing/with sth
44. as soon as… 一… 就 ...
45. sleeping pills安眠药，light music 轻音乐
46. again and again 再三地，一次又一次
47. dream about…梦见…; dream of… 梦想成为…
48. 系动词+形容词: be/smell/taste/sound/look/feel/turn/get/become
49. make trouble制造麻烦，惹是生非，make a noise 制造噪音
50. every five minutes 每隔5分钟
51. instead/instead of…代替，取而代之，反而
52. write to sb. 写信给sb
53. get enough sleep 睡眠充足；stay happy 保持心情开朗
54. on time 准时；in time 按时
55. sb had better (not) do sth， sb 最好（别）做sth
56. land on …登陆
57. pull…out of..=pull…up from…拉上来
58. 不定代词：something/anyone/nobody/everywhere等
59. we’re all by ourselves=we’re alone.单独，独自
60. feel a little afraid/don’t be afraid. 有点害怕/别害怕
61. perhaps=maybe也许，可能
62. not …until… 直到…才…
63. sooner or later 迟早，早晚
64. ran after追//ran to …向..跑去// ran away 逃跑了
65. eat up 吃光// use up 用完
66. take (good) care of ..=look after…照顾，保管
67. 我自学英语learn English by myself= teach myself English
68. learn to do sth 学会…
69. 记日记 keep a diary，写日记 write a diary
70. leave sb by oneself 单独留下sb
71. join in the League/Party 入团/党
72. 越来越…:比较级+and+比较级; more and more +多音节词。如：bigger and bigger , more and more interesting
73. 越…, 就越…: the +比较级，the +比较级。 如：越大越好：the bigger, the better
74. turn on/off 开/关（电器），turn up/down音量开大/小
75. the whole story=all the story整个故事,整件事情
76. 过了一会儿after a while/moment
77. make faces 做鬼脸
78. 名胜，景点interesting places=places of interest
79. my hometown in Zhejiang 我浙江的老家
80. 暑假summer holidays; 五一假期 May 1st holiday
81. a strong wind大风；in the wind 在风里
82. make sb do sth. 使/逼迫sb做sth
83. 倒装句（为了强调）There he is./ Away he went.
84. with these words. 说完这些话，说着说着（伴随状语）。
85. I don’t know how to use it yet. 我不知道怎样使用它。
where to go. 我不知道该去哪里。
what to do. 我不知道该做什么。
86. wait for sb’s turn to do sth 等着轮到sb做sth
It’s sb’s turn to do sth. 轮到sb去做sth
❻ 仁爱英语九年级上册的重点语法。句式。时态。短语等。。谢谢了
一. 现在完成时1.基本结构：助动词的 have/has 动词的过去分词；举例：1）否定式 ：I (you)have not/ haven't worked;； you haven'tbeen here for a long time; 2）疑问句：把 have/has 提的主语前面即可；如：have they finished the work yet ？ have 3）简单回答：yes ，you (i) have.； No ,you (i) have not / haven't. Yes ，he (she/it )has.；Not ,he (she/it) has not / hasn't. yes , you (we / they ) have . Not ,you (we / they ) have not / haven't . 2 .have （has）been to 与 have (has) gone to 的区别： 的区别： ） 1） been to 地点；如：I have been to Shanghai twice； ） 地点； 2） gone to 地点； 如: he has gone to Shanghai . 地点； ） 3). Been in 地点； 地点； 如：I've been in Shanghai for three months; 过去某个时间点/从句 的区别： 从句” 3.表示现在完成时的有关两个时间状语：“for 时间段 与“since 过去某个时间点 从句”的区别： 表示现在完成时的有关两个时间状语： 时间段" 表示现在完成时的有关两个时间状语 1） 现在完成时加““ 现在完成时加““ ““for 时间段 的时间状语：指完成时态的具体时间有多长的时间段； 时间段" 的时间状语： 如： Bobby has been away from the park for two hours；； ； 2）现在完成时 “sine 过去某个时间点/ 从句（用过去式）”；表示“自从…..以来”它前面的主句通常使用完成时。如： B obby has been away from the park since 8 o' clock ;注：表示自 8 点以来一直到现在的时间；4.把非延续性动词或瞬间动词要改成延续性动词或短语如 come→be；go out→be out；leave →be away（from）；begin→be on； die → be dead; become → be; open → be open; close → be close; 重点复习 24 页； 5.现在完成时可以和不明确指出时间的状语连用 现在完成时可以和不明确指出时间的状语连用；如：already、 yet 、 just、 before、 ever、 lately、once； 现在完成时可以和不明确指出时间的状语连用 have you heard from you friend lately ? (你最近 最近收到你朋友的来信了吗？） 最近 6.现在完成时也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语连用 现在完成时也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语连用；如：this week， this morning；today，this year； 现在完成时也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语连用 7.现在完成时不可以和明确表示过去的时间状语连用；如：yesterday， last week， in 1999；two days ago； 现在完成时不可以和明确表示过去的时间状语连用； 现在完成时不可以和明确表示过去的时间状语连用 just now ，when I came （come 的过去式）in； 直接引语和间接引语；包括四个方面的内容： 二. 直接引语和间接引语；包括四个方面的内容：1.定义； 2. 直接引语变间接引语后语序的变化；3.时态变化； 4.指示代词即、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化； 1.定义 定义：直接引用或复述别人的话，被引用或复述的部分叫直接引语，必须放在括号中，位置在句首或句中； 定义 用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述部分叫间接引语，不用括号 ，一般用宾语从句或复合宾语表示； 2. 直接引语变间接引语后语序的变化： 直接引语变间接引语后语序的变化 1）若直接引语为陈述句，一般变成以 that 引导的宾语从句； 2）若直接引语为一般疑问句，一般变成以 whether 引导的宾语从句（口语用 if 代替），但从句要用陈述 句语序； 3）若直接引语为特殊疑问句，疑问词变成连接词，语序改为陈述句语序，标点符号的使用由主句决定； 4）若直接引语为祈使句，多使用不定式，变成“ask/ tell / order sb.(not)to do sth."的句式； （详见：43 页语法精讲；ask（问），tell（告诉），order（命令） 3.时态的变化 时态的变化：间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致，分 3种情况； 时态的变化 1) 当主句的谓语是现在或将来时态时，从句可以按需要使用任何时态；2） 当主句谓语是过去时态时，从句中的时态要做相应的变化，见 43 页表； 3） 当主句谓语是过去时态时，而宾语从句叙述的是某一客观真理（事实）时，宾语从句的时态用一般 现在时； 4.指示代词 时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化： 指示代词、 页的表； 4.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化：见 43 页的表； 不定代词：不指明替代任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫不定代词；可以做主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语 三. 不定代词。 详见 53 页；包括四方面的内容： 1.种类 种类。1）许多：many（可数）、 much（不可数）、 a lot of、 lots of、 plenty（大量） of； 种类 2）一些：some、 any、 a few(可数）、 a little(不可数）； 3）.就几乎没有：few（可数）、 little（不可数）； 4）.指两者：each（每个）、either（任何一个）、both（全都）、neither（都不）、（the）other 5）两者以上：each/every（每个）、any（任何一个）、all（全都）、nonne/no(都不）、another（另 6）some、any、no、every 都可以和 one、 body、thing 连用，构成复合不定代词；如： 构成人：someone、 anyone、 no one/none、 everyone； somebody、 anybody、 nobody、 everybody； 构成物; something、 anything 、nothing、 everything； 7）复合不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式； 8）形容词修饰不定代词时，应该放在不定代词之后； 9）some—/any—复合不定代词的用法与 some/any的用发基本一致； 并列句： 四.并列句：含有两个或两个以上的独立的简单的句子，叫并列句；连接词有五类：详见 64 页并列句 含有两个或两个以上的独立的简单的句子，叫并列句；连接词有五类： 1.表示并列关系，动作先后关系，常用 and 连接；如：after lunch my aunt came in and she looked worried （并列 还如： I finished my homework ，and I went to bed; （表示动作的先后顺序）； 2.表示转折，常用 but 、while 连接；如：he is very old but he is in good health; 还如： tom was rich while his brother was very poor； 3. 表示选择关系，常用连词 or、 either…..or….;等；如：he came by bus ,or he came by taxi; 还如：either you tell the truth ,or you say nothing ; 4.表示因果关系，常用 so ，for 连接；如：the coatwas very expensive ，so I didn't buy it; 还如：it is very cold today ，for it snows; 一般现在时的被动语态： 五.一般现在时的被动语态：详见 86 页 一般现在时的被动语态 叫住的语态； 叫被动语态； 1.定义：英语语态有两种。主语是动作的执行者，叫住的语态；主语是动作的承受者叫被动语态； 主语是动作的 及物动词的过去分词” 2.基本结构：1）肯定句“主语 am/ is / are 及物动词的过去分词”； 2）否定句 “主语 am/ is / are not 及物动词的过去分词” 3）一般疑问句 “am / is / are 主语 及物动词的过去分词” 注意：动作的执行者由 by 引导的短语表示，by意为“被…..， 由….”； 3. 被动语态的用法： 1）在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作的执行者的情况下，可用被动语态； 2）要强调的是动作的承受者而不是执行者，用被动语态； 3）主、被动语态的转换：a.住的语态的主语是被动语态的宾语;b.主动语态的及物动词变成被动语态的 及物动词的过去分词; c.主动句的主语是代词的主格形式，变成被动句 by 的宾语时，要用宾格形式 4）不及物动词、一般系动词没有被动语态
❼ 仁爱英语九年级上册的语法重点
http://www.hongen.com/eng/pub/yufac/ 这个网站不错，希望能帮的上你
我是转载的 看看吧：
初中全部的语法，我学的也仁爱的哦！！
11. 动词的时态
11.1 一般现在时的用法
1） 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如：
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3） 表示格言或警句。例如：
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
4） 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：
I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。
比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。
第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.2 一般过去时的用法
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如：
Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。
3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ，例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
would （had） rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。例如：I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含义：她已不在人间。）
Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含义：她现在还活着）
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）
注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：
Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗？
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。
2）情态动词 could, would。例如：
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗？
返回动词的时态目录
11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如：
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。
be used to + doing： 对……已感到习惯，或"习惯于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。例如：
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。
典型例题
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.4 一般将来时
1） shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如：
Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？
2） be going to +不定式，表示将来。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？
b. 计划，安排要发生的事。例如：The play is going to be proced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。
3） be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如：
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4） be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。例如：
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
返回动词的时态目录
11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时，be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如：
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
返回动词的时态目录
11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如：
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排）
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排）
返回动词的时态目录
11.7 一般现在时表将来
1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。
2）以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如：
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
3）在时间或条件句中。例如：
When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。
4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如：
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.8 用现在进行时表示将来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如：
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？
返回动词的时态目录
11.9 现在完成时
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have （has） +过去分词。
返回动词的时态目录
11.10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时
1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。
共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如：
I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）
Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）
Who hasn't handed in his paper? （强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争）
He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续）
He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续）
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
返回动词的时态目录
11.11 用于现在完成时的句型
1）It is the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如：
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。
This is the first time （that） I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2）This is +形容词最高级+that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。例如：
This is the best film that I've （ever） seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
典型例题
（1） ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
（2） ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。
注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
（错）I have received his letter for a month.
（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
返回动词的时态目录
11.12 比较since和for
Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如：
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。
注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. （我现在已不在这里工作。）
I have worked here for many years.（现在我仍在这里工作。）
注意：用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。
1）（对） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2）（错） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
返回动词的时态目录
11.13 since的四种用法
1） since +过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six）。例如：
I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在这儿。
2） since +一段时间+ ago。例如：
I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿，已经有五个月了。
3） since +从句。例如：
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，变化可大了。
Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后，变化可大了。
4） It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如：
It is two years since I became a postgraate student. 我考上研究生有两年了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.14 延续动词与瞬间动词
1） 用于完成时的区别
延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如：
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 （表结果）
I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。（表经历）
2） 用于till / until从句的差异
延续动词用于肯定句，表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示"到……，才……"。例如：
He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来。
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。
典型例题
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.15 过去完成时
1） 概念：表示过去的过去
----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2） 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如：
She said （that）she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如：
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"。例如：
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。
3） 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如：
He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年，爱迪生开始自己谋生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
汤姆失望了，因为他到达晚会时，大部分客人已经走了。
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。
注意： had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如：
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门，他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如：
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.16 用一般过去时代替过去完成时
1） 两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。例如：
When she saw the mouse，she screamed. 她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。
2 ） 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。例如：
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3） 叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。例如：
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
返回动词的时态目录
11.17 将来完成时
1） 构成will have done
2） 概念
a. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如：
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。
b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如：
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此时，你已经到达上海了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.18 现在进行时
现在进行时的基本用法：
a. 表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。例如：
We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。
b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）
c. 表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：
The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。
d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。
典型例题
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.19 不用进行时的动词
1）表示事实状态的动词，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如：I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。
2）表示心理状态的动词，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如：I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。
He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。
3）瞬间动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如：
I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。
4）系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如：
You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。
返回动词的时态目录
11.20 过去进行时
1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。
3） 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如：
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。
It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂
❽ 九年级下册仁爱版英语短语和语法
这回呢
Unit 5 Learning about China
Topic 1 Could you tell me something about the places that you visited?
大约5000年的历史
about 5000 years of history
吸引了许多游客 attract many tourists
数以百万 millions of
许多 a (great) number of
第一、二、三长河 the longest river/the second longest river/the third longest river
中华民族文化的发源地
the birthplaces of Chinese culture
还有一些别的吗？ Anything else?
给某人取某物 fetch sth for sb=fetch sb. sth.
我能给你一本《中国指南》
I can fetch you Guide to China.
详细介绍……introce…in detail
位于
lie in(范围内) lie to(范围外) lie on(接壤)
穿过 ，流经 run through
汇入渤海 join the Bohai Sea
淡水湖 the fresh water lake
第二大淡水湖
the second largest fresh water lake
在中国的西南部
be in the southwest of China
青藏高原 the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
很值得做某事 be well worth doing sth
海拔 above sea level
多么令人惊奇啊 What a surprise!
最奇妙的地方 the most fantastic place
听说过 hear of
实现 come true
国内外 home and abroad
三面环山
be surrounded on three sides by mountains
陶醉于…，全神贯注于…， 沉浸于…… lose oneself in…
因为 because of sth.
…之乡 the home of
龙井茶 the Dragon Well
龙井茶之乡 the home of Dragon Well Tea
寻找机会做某事
look for a chance to do sth.
与某人分享……share sth. with sb.
如此……以至so…that…
不但……而且not only…but also…
被认为是， 作为……而著名 be known as… 因……而著名be known for….
把…看作/认为 regard …as …
be regarded as=be considered as …
东方明珠 the Oriental Pearl
购物天堂 Shopping Heaven
想起，考虑，认为 think of
品尝各种各样鲜美的水果
enjoy various delicious fruits
来某处旅游 come to sw. for a visit
作为……服务的桥梁serve as a bridge
损坏,抛锚,变得恶劣 break down
驾驶执照the driving license
拿走 take away
有不同的特点 have different feasures
与…截然不同 be quite different from
南北有很大的不同 There are many differences between the north and the south.
零度以上/以下 stay below / above zero
雪下得很大 snow heavily
雨下得很大 rain heavily
风刮得很大 blow strongly
被…覆盖 be covered with
做户外运动 do outdoor activities
堆雪人 make snowmen
仍雪球 throw snow balls
滑冰 go skating
温暖潮湿 mild and wet
享受明媚的阳光 enjoy the bright sunshine
在海滩上 on the beach
人们的生活方式 people’s way of life
习惯于吃面食
be used to eating food made with flour
面食 food made with flour
生活在北方平原live on the northern plains
通过陆路来往 come and go by land
走陆路/走水路 travel by land / by water
Topic 2 Confucius, a pioneer in the field of ecation.
在教育领域in the field of ecation.
一个教育领域的先驱者
a pioneer in the field of ecation.
一个伟大的思想家
a great ancient philosopher
真知灼见 wise ideas and thoughts
人类行为 human behavior
主要思想 main ideas
礼貌 good manners
至理名言 wise sayings
从…学会 learn sth. from
在…多岁时 at the age of …
在他三十多岁时 in his thirties
温故而知新
Learn the new while reviewing the old
为...感到骄傲be proud of =be the pride of
航海 ocean journeys
死于疾病 die of illness
总共in total
积极参加take an active part in
受…欢迎 be popular with
成立 set up
推翻 bring down
因…而跨掉，出故障，坏掉
break down from…
成功做某事 succeed in doing sth
去世pass away
演讲 give a speech
讲学 give a lecture
发明杂交水稻develop hybrid rice
获得诺贝尔物理奖
win the Nobel Prize for Physics
消灭 wipe out
到安全地点 to safety=to the safe place
一份新长征计划 a new Long March
Topic 3
带某人参观某地 show sb. around sw.
给某人看…show sb. to sw.
王权的象征 a symbol of imperial power
真龙天子
real dragons and the sons of heaven
中华民族的象征
a symbol of the Chinese nation
扮演一个角色
play a/an…part in…=
play a/an ……role…
在中国节日中占重要角色
play an important part in Chinese festival
龙年the year of the dragon
鼓励某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth.
承诺做某事 promise to do sth.
承诺接受意见
promise to follow the suggestions
要么..要么 either…or…
围挤在…周围crowd around…
下象棋 play Chinese chess
…和…都…, 两者都…Both …and …
两者都都不…Neither …nor …
为了…in order to …
为反对…而斗争 ，与…战斗fight against
为了纪念某人/某事 in memory of
爆发break out
依靠，依赖，取决于 depend on
在某人的帮助下
with one’s help=with the help of sb.
最…之一
one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数
在三世纪 in the 3 rd century
在…末梢 at the end of….
传开， 传播，蔓延 spread to /through
❾ 英语仁爱九年级上的知识点和语法
I like music that Ican dance to.
【教学目标】1.会表达自己的喜好(Learn to expresspreferences)
2.习使用定语从句(Practice using theAttributive Clause)
3.练习使用本单元的目标英语(Practice using thetarget language.
【单元内容概述】一.单词。1.名词类:
lyric(歌词;抒情词句);fisherman;entertainment;feature;wife;
photograph;photography;photographer;
exhibition;gallery(美术馆;画廊);show;display;
class(等级;类别);official;energy;Italian;Indian;weight;
figure(统计)数字;potato;chip;chocolate;sugar;coke;
2.动词类:prefer;display;interest;suggest;
suit;expect;release;double;spoil(宠爱;溺爱)
3.形容词类:gentle;known;honest;Italian;Indian;overweight;fresh
4.副词类:roughly(粗略地;大体上)
二.词组和短语(Key Phrases)
Yellow River黄河remind …of…提醒;使……记起
on display/show展览;陈列catch up赶上;跟上
sing along with和着……一起唱dance to伴着……跳舞
different kinds of不同种类的be sure to一定
[pic00000.bmp]她最珍爱的照片
[pic00001.bmp]在一个星期一的上午
prefer…to…喜欢……胜过……become overweight变得过重
10 percent百分之十release a healthsurvey发布一项健康调查
in different ways以不同的方式;在不同的方面
三.目标语言(Target Language)
1.—What kind ofmusic do you like?
【重、难点讲解】一.重点词汇
1.prefer v.(1)prefer=like sth.better,单独使用时.其用法与like相同。例如:
I perfer walkingalone.我比较喜欢一个人溜达.(prefer doing)
She prefers to bealone.她宁愿独自一个人.(prefer to do)
I prefer my coffeeblack.我爱喝不加奶的咖啡.(prefer sth.)
prefer sb.to do sth.
Their father prefersthem to be homeearly.他们的父亲希望他们早回家.
prefer sth.prefer doingprefer to doprefer sb.to do sth.
(2)prefer…to…(=choose sth.ratherthan sth else;
like sth.betterthan…)是一个固定短语,意为“宁愿选择……而不愿选择;跟……比起来更喜欢…….
例如:He prefers tea tocoffee.他喜欢茶胜过咖啡.(prefer sth.to sth.)
I prefer walking tocycling.我愿意步行,不愿意骑自行车.(prefer doingsth.to doing sth.)
(3)prefer to…ratherthan…宁愿做……而不愿做……
eg.I prefer to stay athome rather than goto the movie.
我宁愿呆在家里,也不愿意去看那个电影.
eg.I prefer to stay athome rather than goto the movie.
The heroine preferredto die rahther thansurrender.女英雄宁死不屈.
2.interest v.引起……的关注;使……感兴趣
interest v.(=cause one to givehis/her attentionto sth.)
提示:(1)interest还可以用作名词,指“兴趣;好奇心;关心”。
eg.Now,he's grown up
他已经长大了,对集邮不再感兴趣了,完全失去兴趣了。
(2)interestedadj.“(对某人或某事物)感兴趣的;关心的”
interestingadj.“有趣的;引起兴趣的”
I tried to tell himabout it,but he justwasn't interested.我想把这件事告诉他,可他简直不感兴趣。
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那位老人很有趣,并且对任何事情感兴趣。
3.expect. 预计;预料;期待;盼望
expect. v.(thinkor believe thatsth.will happen orthat sb/sth willcome)
expect的常用搭配为:(1)expect sth(from sb.)
eg.This is the parcelwhich we have beenexpecting(from New York).
这是我们一直在期待底(从纽约来的)邮包。
I was expecting apresent from her,soI was disappointed Ididn't receive one.
我原来一直盼望着收到她送的礼物,所以因得不到而失望。
(2)expected to do sth.
eg.You can't expect tolearn a foreignlanguage in a week.
不要指望一个星期就能学会一门外语。
(3)expect sb.to dosth.
eg.We expected him toarrive yesterday.我们原以为他昨天能到。
I expect you to behere on time.我要求你准时到这儿。
You'll be expectedto work on Saturdays.你们星期六要上班。
(4)expect+that-clause
eg.I expect (that) Iwill be back onSunday.我预计星期日回来。
You would expectedthat there would bestrong disagreementabout this.
你可以料到此事会有严重分歧。
注意: expect还有“料想;认为;猜想”等含义,相当于think,suppose.
eg.“Who has eaten allthe cakes?”“Tom,Iexpect.(I expectthat it was Tom).”
“谁把蛋糕都吃光了?”“我想是汤姆[大概是汤姆]吧。
“Will you need help?”“I don't expect so.”“你需要帮忙吗?”“我想不必了”
“Will he be late?”“ I expect so.”“他会迟到吗?” “我想会的。”
4.remind sb. of sth.(=cause sb.toremember sth)提醒;使……记起
He reminds me of hisbrother.我见到他便回想起了他的哥哥.
This song reminds meof France.我一听到这首歌就想起了法国.
5.catch up赶上;跟上
catch sb.up或catchup with sb.赶上某人;达到与某人相同的境界.
catch sb.up或catchup with sb.=reach sbwho is ahead;reachthe same stage as sb.
eg.Go on in front.I'llsoon catch you up/catch up (with you).
你先走,我很快就会赶上你.
eg.Go on in front.I'llsoon catch you up/catch up (with you).
After missing a termthrough illness hehad to work hard tocatch up (withothers).
他因病一学期未上课,得努力赶上(其他同学).
After missing a termthrough illness hehad to work hard tocatch up (withothers).
6.It does have a fewgood features,though.但是,它的确有几个好特点.
(1) 该句中,does是用来强调,表示 “真的;的确”.
除了does外,我们还可以根据时态和人称的需要,用do和did来表示强调.又如:
He does study hard.(比He studies hard.要强烈.)
We did come hereyesterday.(比We came hereyesterday.要强烈)
They do give me alot of help.(比They give me alot of help.要强烈)
6.It does have a fewgood features,though.
(2)在口语中,though可以用作副词,相当于however,放用在句末:
eg.I expect you areright—I'll ask him,though.我认为你说得对—我去问问他们也好.
She promised tophone.I heardnothing,though.他答应要打点话来.可我没听到回信儿.
二.重点语法 (一)疑问词+不定式动词”结构英语有个很有用的结构,就是:
疑问词+不定式动词(question word+to-infinitive)。
疑问词是疑问代词“who,whom,what,which,whose”和疑问副词“when,where,how,why”。
此外,此外,连接词“whether”也适用。
例句:I don't know what totry next.I'm not sure what toexpect.
“疑问词+不定式动词”结构有何功用呢?其主要功用有下列五种:
1.当主语,如:
When to hold themeeting has not yetbeen decided.Where to live is aproblem.
2.当宾语,如:
We must know what tosay at a meeting.
He could not tellwhom to trust.
Do you know how toplay bridge?
3.当补足语,如:
The problem is whereto find thefinancial aid.The question is whoto elect.
4.当名词同位语,如:
Tom had no ideawhich book to readfirst.
Do you have a roughimpression how to doit?
5.当宾语补足语,如:
Jim is not surewhose to choose.
Mary and John arenot certain whetherto get married ornot.
适用于“疑问词+不定式动词”的动词包括:
“know,see,decide,tell,ask,consider,discover,explain,forget,guess,hear,
imagine,inquire,learn,remember,think,wonder,understand”等。
值得特别注意的是:当这结构当宾语时,它的作用等于名词从句,例如:
I could not decidewhich dictonary tobuy.
=I could notdecide whichdictionary I shouldbuy.
Jack did not knowwhere to find such agood teacher.
=Jack did not knowwhere he could findsuch a good teacher.
有些动词,如“ask,show,tell,advise,inform,teach”等,
可以先有个宾语,然后才接着加上适当的“疑问词+不定式动词” 结构。例如:
The chief engineershowed them how torepair the machine.
Have you told himwhere to get theapplication form?
综上所述,可见“疑问词+不定式动词”结构是个形象清新,
既容易用又不容易出错的特别结构,可以多多运用。
(二)语从句(Attributive Clauses)
定语从句(AttributiveClauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词叫先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。关系代词有:
who,whom,whose,that,which等。关系副词有:when,where,why等。
例如:I like music that Ican dance to.
I love singers whowrite their ownmusic.
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
(1)who,whom,that 这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to seeyou? 他就是你想见的人吗?
(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。
(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
(2)Whose用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如:
They rushed over tohelp the man whosecar had broken down.那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me thebook whose(ofwhich) cover isgreen.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
(3)which,that 它们所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperity which/that had never beenseen before appearsin the countryside.
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which/that在句中作主语)
The package (which/that)you arecarrying is aboutto come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。
(which/that在句中作宾语)
(1)when,where,why 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于"介词+which"结构,因此常常和"介词+which"结构交替使用,
例如: I still remember theday when (on which)I first came here.
我至今还记得我初来咋到的那一天.
Beijing is the placewhere (in which) Iwas born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reasonwhy (for which) herefused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?