㈠ 高一英语主要涉及到哪些语法
首先，我送你一个语法网站，看样子你语法有待加强啊！！
被动语态
英语中的被动语态使用得比汉语要多，要普遍，许多课本乃至实际应用中都常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来，当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时，多用被动式。须注意的是，许多地方与汉语不同。注意那些汉语中没有"被……"的意思，英语却应该用被动态。还要注意，英语的被动态往往由"by"引出，而有用介词"by"的短语往往又不是被动态，而是系表结构。还有些特殊现象，如：known to man(人类......所知)，on foot步行(美国人有时用by foot)，in carraige(乘四轮马车)等等。还有假主动，真被动的十几个常用词的用法，以及so heavy to carry而不用so heavy to be carried 等习惯用法。有关这类情况，做到心中有数对全面掌握被动态，准确无误地解答习题非常关键，被动态必须涉及的是动词的各种时态变化的问题。英语的时态本来很复杂，怎样记住各自的被动形式呢? 首先要明确"将来进行无被动，现在完成进行
同"。这两种时态无被动形式。
另外，不及物动词带有同源宾语的动词，反身代词的动词和系动词都无被动形式。即便如此，还有不定式，动名词，分词，以及它们的复合结构)的被动态，再加上情态动词，助动词以及它们的疑问式和否定式从中掺杂，真是令人头痛，眼花缭乱。下面口诀就以动词do为例，即do did过去式done过去分词，以口诀形式总结各种时态的被动态，一定对你有所启示。
被动语态（一般现在时）
主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。
被动语态的口诀
一般现、过用be done，be有人称、时、数变。
完成时态have(has) done，被动将been加中间。
一般将来shall (will) do，被动变do为be done。
将来进行无被动，shall (will) be doing,
现在完成进行同，have (has) been doing。
现、过进行be doing, 被动be加being done。
情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。
否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。
主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。
一般情助加be done，双宾多将间宾变。
复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。
第二句"be有人称、时、数变"即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。"情助"是指情态动词和助动词must，may，can，shall，will等一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。"疑问一助置主前"是说有两个助动词的话，应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。下面详细举例说明之。
一般现、过用be done, be有人称、时、数变
例：1、主动：The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.
被动：The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.
孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。
2、主动：People regard him as brilliant.
被动：He is regarded as brilliant by people.
人们认为他很有才华。
以上两例都是一般时态用be done的例子，be有人称、时、数变，第三人称foreign friends是复数，时态一般过去时，所以"be done"就是were given，而People regard him as brilliant一句，被动后的"be done"就变成单数第三人称is regarded的形式了。
被动：
This speech was delivered by comrade Wang. (was delivered即一般过去时的被动态)
这篇讲演是王的发言。
There was a serious train accident near the border. Two people were killed and twelve were injured.
边境发生严重列车事故，两人死亡，十二人受伤。
A person who is truly honest is called a straight arrow. 直言不讳的人才是真正诚实的人。
A note was passed up to the speaker. 有人给讲演者递上来一张纸条。
John was elected president of the class instead of Harry. 乔治被选为班长而代替了亨利。
Volcanoes are described as active, dormant or extinct. 火山被描述为活的，沉睡着的，或者死的。
The soldier was killed, but the train was saved. 这位战士牺牲了，然而列车得救了。
He was thought to be clever but dishonest. 他被认为很聪明但不诚实。（别人认为他很聪明但不诚实）
The first zoological garden in the United States was established in 1874. 美国的第一个动物园是1874年建立的。
Families were often broken up; wives were taken away from their husbands and children from their parents.
家庭被拆散，妻儿被夺走。
The information is urgently needed. 急需这个资料。
Most environmental problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them were not taken in the past. 多数环境污染问题的存在，是因为过去没有采取适当的保护措施。
完成时态have done，被动将been加中间。
(过去完成时had done也包括在内)。
例：1、主动：We have studied English for 3 years off and on at the spare-time school.
被动：English has been studied for 3 by us years off and on at the spare-time school. (have随新主语变为has)
我们已经在夜校里断断续续地学了三年英语了。
2、主动: They had proced 100 tractors by the end of last year.
被动: 100 tractors had been proced by the end of last year.
到去年年底我们已生产出一百台拖拉机。
3、主动：They have set up a power station in their home town.
被动：A power station has been set up in their home town.
他们的家乡建立了一座发电站。
4、主动：They have warned us to be careful of rats.
被动：We have been warned to be careful of rats.
他们已提醒我们要注意老鼠。
5、主动：People have piled plastic bags full of rubbish in streets.
被动: Plastic bags full of rubbish have been piled in streets.
人们把装满垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上。
6、主动：We have used nuclear energy to proce electricity.
被动：Nuclear energy has been used to proce electricity.
核能已用来发电。
7、主动：No one has ever beaten him at tennis.
被动：He has never been beaten at tennis.
就网球来说还没有人是他的对手。
(No one涉及到全否定和部分否定问题，见否定一讲)
The person who owns the gun may try to deny that he has used it. But anyone seeing the smoke knows the gun has just been fired.
有枪的人会极力否认他开了枪。但是任何看到枪烟(枪冒的烟)的人都会知道刚才开了枪。
Today is Cilia's wedding day, she has just been married to Danel.
今天是西丽亚的新婚日，她刚刚和丹尼尔结婚。
The subjects of these lectures have been announced by the lecture committee.
演讲委员会已宣布了这些讲演的题目。
过去完成时也是一样：
主动: Somebody had cleaned my shoes.
被动: My shoes had been cleaned by somebody.
有人早已把我的鞋子擦了。
When I returned I found that they had towed (toud) my car away, I asked why they had done this and they told me that id was because I had parked it under a "No Parking Sign".
被动：my car had been towed away. I asked why this had been done and told that ... it had been parked under a "No Parking Sign".
当我回来时，发现我的车被弄走了。我问他们为啥这么于。他们告诉我说因为我把车于停在"禁止停车"的禁区。
主动：They had build three ships by last December.
被动： By last December three ships had been built by them.
到去年年底他们已建造了三艘船。
Research had been centred on the improvement of natural building materials before synthetics were created.
合成材料造出之前，研究工作集中在改进天然建筑材料上。
He did not say if all those steel pipes had been examined.
他并没有说那些钢管都检验过没有。
After plastic had been created, engineers were given a much wide choice of materials.
塑料发明之后，工程师们在材料选择上有了更广阔的途径。
一般将来shall (will) do，被动变do为be done
即由shall do或will do变为shall done或will be done。
例：主动: We shall build several big modern power plants in our city next year.
被动：Several big modern power plants will be built in our city next year.
过年我市将建立几座大型现代化的发电厂。
(shall do中的shall要随新主语变为will, do为be done.)
主动：I shall send my second boy to school next September.
被动：My second boy will be sent to school next September.
过年九月我将送我次子去读书。
㈡ 高一英语的语法内容
一般来说是由主语+谓语+宾语，有时有从句，如宾语从句，定语从句，状语从句...
还有的是版祈使句。给权你道例题看：The
book
we
are
looking
forward
to
is
sold
out.
这里总会有人出错。因为look
foeward
to后面一般加的是doing,但是we
are
looking
forward
to是定语从句，所以后面的谓语不必写成doing
㈢ 高一英语语法汇总
高一英语必修一语法要点
一． 一般现在时
1. 表示主语现在所处的状态及其所具备的特征、性格、能力等
例如：I am a girl.
2. 表示习惯性、经常性的动作
例如：I usually go to bed at 9:00.
3. 标志性的词语
Always often sometimes now and then
4. 若助于为第三人称单数（he she it）则动词要用单三现
二． 现在进行时
1． 说话时正在进行的动作
例如：I am reading.
2.表示即将发生的动作，多用于go come start leave return arrive stay fly等词语之中，句子中常常有时间状语
例如：The plane is going to Beijing.
3.当句子中出现了always 、forever 、constantly 、continually 、
All the time等
例如：I am always thinking of you.
三． 倍数比较
1.A+系动词+倍数词+as+ adj \adv的原型+as+B
例如：The class is twice as big as that one.
2.A+系动词+倍数词+adj\adv的比较级+than+B
例如：The class is twice bigger than that class.
3.A+系动词+倍数词+the size\amount(数量)\ength\width\height
\depth\+of+B
例如：The class is twice the size of that class.
四． With的复合结构
1． With+宾语+宾语补足语
宾语补足语根据逻辑意义的不同可以是不同的词语，如形容词、现在分词、过去分词、副词、介词短语、不定式等，with在复合结构中常作状语
2.常用结构
○1with+宾语+doing
表主动与进行
例如：Tom was quite safe with Lucy standing behind him.
○2with+宾语+done
表被动与完成
例如：With all things she need bought,she went home.
○3with+宾语+to do
表将来
例如：With so many thing to deal with.
五． 现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时
1．基本表达式（I have been doing ）
I/ we/ you/ they have been doing sth.
he/ she/ it has been doing sth.
2．表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中国有2000年的造纸历史。（动作还将继续下去）
I have been learning English since three years ago.
自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。（动作还将继续下去）
3．表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。
We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
我们已经等你半个钟头了(人还没到，如同在电话里说的，还会继续等)
4．有些现在完成进行时的句子等同的句子。
例如：They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years.
他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。
I have been working here for five years.
I have worked here for five years.
我在这里已经工作五年了。
5．大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。
例如：I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去）
我一直在写一本书。
I have written a book.（动作已经完成）
我已经写了一本书。
They have been building a bridge.
他们一直在造一座桥。
They have built a bridge.
他们造了一座桥。
6．表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。
例如：I have known him for years.
我认识他已经好几年了。
I have been knowing...
这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有：love爱，like喜欢， hate讨厌，等。
注意：比较过去时与现在完成时
1．过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2．过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
不确定的时间状语
3．现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
例如： I saw this film yesterday.
（强调看的动作发生过了。）
I have seen this film.
（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
Why did you get up so early?
（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
She has returned from Paris.
她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday.
她是昨天回来了。
He has been in the League for three years.
(在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years.
(是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
六．过去完成时
1． 概念：表示过去的过去
其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2． 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3．过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
例如：He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
七．现在完成进行时
1．其构成形式如下：
I / we / they have been + 动词的现在分词
He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词 功用如下：
2． 表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动，如：
Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.
Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
3．表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动，如：
It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下)
Jack hasn’t been feeling very well recently.
4． 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动，如：
She has been playing tennis since she was eight.
5． 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响，而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身，如：
Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.
The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.
注意：
现在完成时有否定结构、而现在完成进行时没有否定结构。 现在完成时态可表示做完的时期以及已有的经验、但现在完成进行时不可以 现在完成进行时的否定结构 现在完成进行时有时也可用否定结构。
如： Since that unfortunate accident last week, I haven’t been sleeping at all well. 自从上周发生了那次不幸事故之后，我一直睡得很不好.
He hasn’t been working for me and I haven’t has that much contact with him. 他并没有给我工作过，我和他没有过那许多接触。
6．否定句构成：
主语+has/have+not+been+现在分词
7．一般疑问句构成:
Have/has+主语+been+现在分词+其他
㈣ 高一旳英语重点语法昰什么,.
语法方面：主谓一致，only
引导的半倒装，定语从句，非限制性定语从句，it
的用法，强调句，v.ing
的用法
基础知识：每个单元的单词，词组，短语，句子
㈤ 高一英语所有的语法...
look up 抬头向上看
look up to sb尊敬某人 look down on 轻视
a well-dressed lady 一位穿着讲究的女士
glance at 瞥一眼
greet sb with a smile 用微笑打招呼
a senior employee资深的员工
be senior to 比…年长的，资深的
prefer sth to sth 喜欢….不喜欢…..
prefer doing a to doing b喜欢做a不喜欢做b
prefer to do a rather than do b宁愿做a而不愿做b
the way +that 做….的方式，方法
+in which
+ /
more than 超过，不只是，经常
more than speaking and listening 不只是
gesture 手势
expression 表情
expression on your face 你的脸部表情
appearance 外貌，外表
appear 出现，似乎 disappear消失
It appears that….. 似乎，好像
communicate with sb 交流
communicate sth to sb 把（信息，消息）传递给某人
keep up/lose communication with sb 与某人保持/失去联系
leave/make/ give sb a good impression leave/make /give a good impression on sb 给某人留下很好的印象
make sb feel+ adj. 是某人觉得….
decide to do sth 决定做某事
decide on sth= choose 选择
for assistance 为了得到帮助
improve 提高
smile at sb 像某人微笑
enter the classroom 走进教室
enter for 报名参加
it seems to work 这好像起作用了
without hesitation 毫不犹豫
hesitate to do sth 犹豫做某事，不愿意做某事
remark 评论 downwards 向下的
sigh for sth 为…..叹气
remind sb to do sth /remind sb of sth /remind sb +从句 提醒某人（做）某事
throughout the history of mankind 在人类历史上
in many situation 在许多情况下
the key to sth ….的关键
signal （n）信号 ，（v）示意,表示
hostility 敌意
confusion 困惑
in western culture 在西方文化里
maintain eye contact 保持眼神交流
contact v. & n. 交往，联系
keep contact with sb 与某人取得联系
lose contact with sb 与某人失去联系
avoid doing 避免做某事
in authority 掌权
as a matter of fact =in fact 事实上
for instance =for example 比如
concentration 专心
concentrate（v.） on sth 集中时间做某事
subtle 微妙的，细微的
consider sth as sth 把…看作…
be considered (as) sth 认为，看作
consider doing sth 考虑做某事
stare at 盯着
be rude to sb = be impolite to sb 不礼貌
boredom 无聊
lack(n.) of sth缺少
lack(v.) sth
respect v.& n. 尊敬
lead to =result in=give rise to导致
lead to this road 通向这条路
unit 2
call on sb =drop in on sb 拜访某人
call at some place =drop in at some place拜访某地
care for your hair 照料你的头发
hairstyle 发型
suit sb 适合某人
guarantee to do sth 保证做某事
guarantee sth to sb 向某人保证
be /feel on top of the world 觉得兴高采烈
get advice from expert 从专家那得到建议
curl 卷发
angle 棱角
keep healthy 保持健康
eat a balanced diet 吃均衡的饮食
plenty of 许多，大量
in addition 另外
look after = take care of 照顾
shampoo 洗发剂
it is adj. for sb to do sth
it is adj. of sb to do sth
effective 有效的
conditioner 护发素
apply 使用
apply to 使用，申请，涂
apply to the company for the position 向公司申请某个职位
squeeze out 挤出
damage(v) sth 损害某物
do damage(n) to sth
loosen 使松
dirt 灰尘
comb n.& v. 梳子 梳头发
hairdryer 吹风机
wash out 洗掉
at least 至少
remember to do sth 记得要去做某事（没做）
remember doing sth 记得做过某事（做了）
overuse 过度使用
suggest doing sth 建议做某事
make / put forward a suggestion 提出建议
normal 正常的
wet (v)把….弄湿 Some people…..while others……一些人….然而另一些人…..
bald 秃顶
as a result of 由于
a result of …..的结果
ensure 确保，保证
pay attention to sth/to doing sth 注意
protein 蛋白质
adequate 足够的
eight to ten glasses of water 喝8-10 杯水
keep sth from doing sthe 避免
rob sb of sth 抢了某人的东西
steal sth from sb 偷了某人的东西
shiny 闪亮的
remedy for …..的疗法
rinse your hair 冲洗掉你的头发
help sb/sth do 帮助做某事
regularly 经常的
be sure to 务必，确保
the key to sth …..的关键
dairy proct 乳制品
stress 精神压力
rub your hair 搓你的头发
Unit 3
places of interests = tourist attraction旅游景点
the Great Wall 长城
be interested in 对….有兴趣
show interest in
interests 利益
twist and turn 蜿蜒曲折（v.）
twist the truth 扭曲事实
turn down 拒绝
turn up 出现
turn out 结果是
turn to 求助于
turn over移交
mountain chains 山脉
construction of sth ….的建造
be under construction 在建设中
take shape 成型
be designed by 被谁设计
complete 完成
completion
magnificent壮丽的，宏伟的
from a distance 从远处看
structure 建筑物
base 底座
include 包含---exclude 不包含
gallery （艺术品）展览馆
bronze ware 青铜器
sculpture 雕塑
calligraphy 书法
seal 印章
furniture 家具
it takes+一段时间for sb to do sth 做什么事情花费某人多少时间
historical 有关历史的
historic 历史性的
preserve the buildings 保存，保护这些大楼
preservation 保护区
be admitted to some places被允许进入
admit to doing sth 承认做某事
scenery 风景
landscape，风景，山水
landscape painting 山水画 odd 古怪的，奇数
reflection 倒影，反思
the remains of sth ….的遗迹
ancient temple 古老的庙宇
be the pride of sth 是…..的骄傲
be proud of =take pride in 对…..感到骄傲
abandon v.& n. 放弃
access（n） to sth 到达，有….的权利
access(v) some places
fall of the roman empire 罗马帝国的衰落
stadium 竞技场
fall into ruin 成为废墟
hold more than 5000 people 容纳超过五千人
wonder 奇迹
tomb 坟墓
overlook 俯瞰
sit in the stands 坐在看台上
civilization 文明
be made of 有…..制成(看得到材料)
be made from 有…..制成（看不见材料）
be attracted by 被…吸引
unit4
surprise n. & vt.惊奇，吃惊
to one’s surprise令人惊讶的
be surprised to do sth吃惊的做某事
studio studios演播室
film v.& n.拍摄，电影
director导演
contestant竞争者
contest v.& n.竞争，比赛
contest with=compete with竞争
a speech contest 演讲比赛
whisper 低语
whisper to sb向某人低语
on the stage在舞台上
faint adj &v. & n. 微弱的，晕倒，昏厥
a faint hope 渺茫的希望
faint with 因…..而晕倒
in a dead faint 不省人事
gasp 喘着气说
gasp out 气喘吁吁地说出
off the stage 下舞台
raise one’s hand 举起某人的手
rush forward 冲向
powder one’s face 在脸上抹粉
comb one’s hair 梳头发
make-up artist 化妆师
cue sb 给某人提示
clap拍手
boom 低沉地说
terrific 极好的
be ahead of 领先
tense 紧张的
sit on the edge of one’s seat 坐在座位的边缘
chew one’s fingernails 要手指甲
keep still 静止不动
make sb up 化妆
make up one’s mind 下定决心做某事
make up sth 编造
make up for 弥补
a bag of nerves 一个神经紧张的人
cameraman 摄影师
seat v. 使坐下
quiz 智力竞赛
trend 趋势
entertainment technology 娱乐科技
feel like + n/adj. 感觉就像
feel like sth /doing 想要什么，想要做什么
imax dome theatre 3D电影院
the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum
上海科技馆
surround 环绕
surroundings 环境
audience 观众
achieve a similar effect 达到相似的效果
flat-screen宽屏
be suspended on the wall被悬挂在墙上
digital technology 数字科技
be arranged round the viewers被安排围绕着观众
arrange安排
be introced in 被引进
high- quality music 高质量音乐
no longer 不再
record v & n 记录
cassette磁带
stereo立体声的
beat sb 战胜某人
Unit 5
vegetarian 素食者
vegetable 素食
mixed grill 烤什锦
pork chops 猪排
steak 牛排
sausage 香肠
sound good to sb 听起来很好
sound +adj.听起来….
nor more 不再
the program on tv 电视节目
be influenced by 被…..影响
have an influence on = have an effect on
对….影响
on space 在太空
become an astronaut 成为宇航员
instry 工业
instrialization 工业化
spend time on sth 在……花时间
spend time in doing sth
in tiny spaces 在狭窄的空间里
get sick 生病
by the way 顺便说一下
ought to 应该
instead of= in place of 替代
it contains vitamins and minerals 它包含维生素和矿物质
pesticide 农药
be healthy for sb 有助于健康
the best source of energy 能量做好的来源
be full of energy = energetic
the importance of sth …..的重要性.
a variety of sth.多种多样的
advise doing 建议做某事=suggest doing
advise sb (not ) to do 建议(不)要做某事
advise on sth 建议某事
a balanced diet 营养均衡的食物
warn sb of sth警告某人某事
warn sb not to do sth警告某人不要做某事
warn sb that从句
lack of (v.)缺少
a lack of (n.)
especially 尤其是，特别是 risk doing (v.) 冒险做某事
run the risk of doing sth
at the risk (n.)of= at the cost of 以 ….为代价
decide on 选定=choose
decide to do sth 决定做某事
tell from 区别
on one hand / on the other hand
在一方面，在另一方面
Crowd 聚集=gather together
Crowded 拥挤的
Pepper 胡椒粉
Grow种植
Cattle牛群appetite胃口
Cheeseburger干奶酪汉堡包
Milkshake奶昔
Increase增加
Heart attack心脏病
Intelligent 聪明的
Unit 6
agriculture 农业
farming务农
farm v. 务农，饲养
natural 自然的
grow plants in soil 在土里种植植物
sources of …..的来源
zone 地区
nourish v. 滋养
nourishment n.滋养
mixture混合物fertilizer肥料
make the best use of 充分利用
experimental research on 关于..的实验性实验
facility 场所
involve 包含
profitable盈利的
chemical化学品
technique科技
prove to 证明
used to do过去常常
get/be used to doing习惯于
economic benefits经济利益
appear amazed to do 看似很惊讶做某事
It appears that 好似
appear to do 好像要做某事
backward 落后的
high-tech高科技的
many forms of 许多形式
cancer癌症
health problems健康问题
as common as像…..一样平常
account for 解释，说明
in moderation 适中
in contrast to 相比之下
stay healthy保持健康
in comparison 与…..相比
be aware of 意识到
experience （v）经受
fortunately 幸运的
weight 重量
㈥ 高一英语语法全部详解
11. 动词的时态
11.1 一般现在时的用法
1） 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如：
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3） 表示格言或警句。例如：
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
4） 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：
I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。
比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。
第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.2 一般过去时的用法
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如：
Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。
㈦ 高一英语比较重要的语法有哪些
先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时间，地点，原因状语。结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。1. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.2. In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.3. A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a common theme.4. The park has a conservation center that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia.5. Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.6. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.(二)定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句：限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，缺少它，则句义显得不完整，从句与先行词紧密相连。非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词之间有逗号隔开。1. Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.2. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep.3. Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying.4. Their talk includes rhythm and rhyming words as well as tongue twisters, which often make the audience applaud.(三)关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词，这些关系词在介词后面常用which 或whom.1. There was a man with whom I would have to work together and finally the manager of the company.2. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.知识重点与难点(一)当先行词有最高级，序数词修饰，是不定代词，或是all, no, only等形式时，关系代词一般用that，而不能用which。1. The Titanic was the largest ship that had ever been built at that time.2. There is one thing that keeps worrying me.(二)当先行词是表示时间，地点，原因的词时，关系词用when, where, why 还有which, that1. I’m very glad to return to my hometown where I had lived for 10 years.2. This is my hometown which I used to talk about to you.3. I think I can understand the reason why he didn’t tell the truth to me.4. No one believes the reason that he gave us about his absence at the meeting.(三)定语从句的简化表达：1. The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.2. The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3. The question that is being discussed is very important.4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.说明：以上的定语从句部分可以用更加简单的非谓语形式表达出来：1. The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.2. The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3. The question being discussed is very important.4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.说明：修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外，还可以用非谓语动词形式：doing短语，done短语，being done短语，to be done短语修饰。其结构和意思如下：1. 被修饰名词+doing短语： 正在做….的人/正在发生的事。2. 被修饰名词+ done短语： 被…..的人/事3. 被修饰名词+being done短语：正在被…..的人/事4. 被修饰名词+ to be done短语：将要被…..的人/事(1)Do you know the man talking to my sister ?(2)The “crazy” gesture, moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means “you have a phone call” in Brazil.(3)Did you see that car being repaired ?(4)In a camera, the lens must be focused on the object to be photographed.(5)The students to attend the meeting will arrive here tomorrow.(6)Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.(7)The Yellow River, said to be “the mother river” runs across China like a huge dragon.总结：以上做定语的那些短语就是英语语法中所说的分词，不定式的各种形式作定语。1. 这些短语作定语应放在被修饰名词的后面。如果单独一个V-ing或V-ed形式作定语，则可以放在被修饰名词前面。2. 分词作定语时，其动作应与全句动作同时发生。V-ing表示主动意义和正在做，V-ed表示被动意义。being done表示正在被做的3. 不定式作定语表示将要发生的，to be done表示将要被做的【典型例题】[例1] Friendship is needed by all, _____ plays an important role in people’s lives.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. it分析：_____ plays an important role in people’s lives为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词Friendship用which连接定语从句。答案：A[例2] Uncle Li _____ I worked three years ago has retired now.A. whoB. whom C. with whomD. to whom分析：_____ I worked three years ago作为定语从句修饰先行词Uncle Li，从句完整的表达是：I worked with Uncle Li three years ago. 所以关系词前应加上介词with。答案：C[例3] Is this the reason _____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work ?A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explainedD. why he explained分析：定语从句_____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work修饰先行词the reason指“他在会上就他工作中的粗心解释的原因。先行词在从句中做宾语。答案：A[例4] Teachers, _____ work is rather hard, are being better paid than before.A. who B. that C. whichD. whose分析：非限定性定语从句_____ work is rather hard修饰先行词teachers, 它与从句中的work是从属关系，关系词用whose答案：D[例5 ] The Olympic Games , _____ in 776 BC, didn’t included women players until 1912.A. first playingB. to be first playedC. first playedD. to be first playing分析：公元前776年被首次举行的奥运会，直到1912年才容纳女运动员。_____in 776 BC做定语修饰The Olympic Games，指过去的内容，表示被动。用done做定语。答案：C[例6] The houses _____ for the teachers and the construction work will start soon.A. built B. to be built C. to buildD. being built分析：根据句意房子即将开工。_____ for the teachers and the construction work修饰The houses应为The houses The houses将要为教师和施工修建的房子。答案：B[例7] How many of us_____, a meeting that is not important to us would be interested in the discussion?A. attendedB. attendingC. to attendD. have attended分析：根据句意：比如说，我们当中参加一个对我们毫不重要的会议的人会有多少人对这个讨论感兴趣呢?_____, say, a meeting that is not important to us修饰How many of us做定语。与全句动作同步.答案：B[例8] She has three children, _____ is working in Australia.A. whoB. one of whom C. one of them D. none of them分析：非限定性定语从句__ is working in Australia修饰先行词three children，根据从句中的is判断，是说：三个孩子中的一个在澳大利亚工作。答案：B【模拟试题】1. Susan is the very girl _____ the good deed.A. whom I think didB. whom I think she didC. who I think didD. I think who did2. Luckily, the poor boy had enough money _____ he could buy a train ticket.A. by whichB. on whichC. with whichD. for which3. The book _____ he devoted much time is to come out next month.A. whereB. whichC. to whichD. on which4. The day came finally _____ I was given an opportunity to act in the play.A. whenB. in that C. whichD. in which5. 1. Don’t you think the question _____ tomorrow is of great importance.A. being discussedB. discussedC. to be discussedD. to discuss6. The food _____ at the moment is for the dinner party.A. cookedB. to be cooked C. is being cookedD. being cooked7. Do you know the teacher _____ under the big tree ?A. readB. readsC. readingD. being read【试题答案】1. C Susan 正是我认为作了好事的那位女孩。先行词the very girl在从句中做think的宾语，同时又是后面宾语从句did the good deed.的主语，所以关系词不能用whom2. C 定语从句_____ he could buy a train ticket.修饰先行词money：用这笔钱买火车票。关系词前面需要加介词：with3. C定语从句_____ he devoted much time意思是：他把大量的时间都投入在这本书上了。devote….to sth.关系词前加介词：to4. A 定语从句_____ I was given an opportunity to act in the play修饰先行词the day ：先行词the day在从句中做时间状语：在这一天我得到了扮演一个角色的机会。5. C 短语_____ tomorrow做定语修饰the question，根据表达的内容：明天即将被讨论的问题。应当用不定式的被动结构做定语。6. D 短语_____ at the moment做the food的定语,表示：正在做的食物。Being done 做定语表示：正在被……的……。7. C 现在分词短语reading under the big tree做定语修饰the teacher 表示：正在大树下看书的那位老师。情态动词1. 情态动词的推测表达2. 情态动词表达虚拟语气3. 某些情态动词的特殊用法知识重点与难点总结知识重点：情态动词在表达推测意义的句子中的运用：(一)用情态动词表达事实的推测。can，could，might，may，must可以用来表达对事实的推测。根据说话人对事实的把握性大小，must表示“肯定…”，may / might / can / could表示“可能……”， must只用于肯定句中，may / might的否定式may not / might not表示 “可能不……”, 而can / could可以用于疑问句，表示“可能，可能……吗?”，其否定式can’t / couldn’t 表示“不可能”。用情态动词可以对现在或过去的事实进行推测。对不同的时间内容推测有不同的结构。(二)对现在的事实进行推测：主要结构：…must / may / might +动词原形be+名词/形容词/介词短语be + doing例句：1. You must be Jeanne. I’m Mathilde Loisel. We used to know each other very well.2. They must be in bed already at this time of the night.3. The teacher must be joking.4. Freda isn’t in class. She must be sick.5. There must be something wrong.6. She might be very clever, but she hasn’t got much common sense.7. He may be arriving this evening.8. He may be traveling around the world.9. The keys can’t be in the room. I have just searched it very carefully.10. Can the news be true ?(三)对过去的事实进行推测：结构：情态动词+have done / been+名词/形容词/介词短语例句：1. Mrs. Longmans must have been a pretty girl in her youth.2. He couldn’t have seen Anna yesterday. She’s gone abroad.3. I think I must have left my glasses in the library.4. He might have overslept again.5. Where can Tom have gone ?情态动词表达虚拟语气：表达“本来…”，“不然早就…”。这是情态动词的一种虚拟语气用法。表示说话人所讲的与所发生的事实相反。表达了说话人的埋怨，后悔的语气。其结构是在一些情态动词后面加 have done 结构。根据要表达的意思，有如下结构：should have done / ought to have done：本应该……shouldn’t have done / oughtn’t to have done：本不该……could have done：本来可以……needn’t have done：本来没必要……would like to have done：本来很想……would rather not have done: 本来不愿意……could / might / have done: 不然早就……例句：1. You shouldn’t have laughed at his mistakes.2. You could have told us earlier.3. I ought to have bought that dictionary last week.4. You ought not to have spent so much time in reading novels.5. We need not have been in a tearing hurry to catch the train.6. They would like to have seen that film last film.7. If he had given me his number, I could have telephoned him.8. They might have been frozen to death but for the rescue in time.知识难点：某些情态动词的特殊用法：need 和dare 的两种形式的用法need 和dare可以用做实义动词，后面接不定式(to do)结构，在疑问句和否定句中，加助动词do/does/did/或don’t/doesn’t/didn’t。作为情态动词使用时，主要用于疑问句和否定句中。情态动词needn’t(没有必要，不必)相当于don’t have to例句：1. It is cold, you need to wear some warm clothes.2. Need I stay here with you for a while ? Thank you, you needn’t.3. How dare you speak to parents like that ?注意：句型I dare say+从句。 意思是：我肯定…… = I’m sure或There is no doubt that+从句。例句：I dare say that my uncle will get the money if I die.will和would表示“意志”或“愿意”，would 则指过去愿意做……例句：1. He said that he would help us.2. You may telephone if you will accept this job.would可以表达“过去习惯做……”类似于“used to do”例句：1. When we were children, we would go swimming every summer in that river.表示请求，固定的句型：Will/Would you please do…? / Would you like to do…?例句：Will/Would you please give him a message when you see him ?shall1. 用于第一，三人称，表示“请求”;“建议” 或“推荐”例句：1. Shall we start the meeting now?2. Shall I watch TV now ?3. Shall my son carry the case for you ?2. 用于第二人称，表示“命令，“要求”，“许诺”例句：1. You shall take whatever you like.2. You shall not go to the party with me if you make so much noise again.在表示推测的否定句或疑问句中，常用can /can’t /could / couldn’t表示，意思是：“可能…吗?”;“…不可能…”。而不能使用mustn’t或must等词。【典型例题】1. —Do you think he will do me a favor ?—As far as I know, he is the last one to help others. He _____ be prepared to give you a hand, though.A. mightB. must C. canD. should分析：本题考查情态动词推测性用法。 根据he is the last one to help others.(他是最不可能帮助别人的人)，既然如此，那么“帮助你”的可能性也就最小了。答案为A2. —Look, someone is coming. Guess who it ____ be ?—I think it ___ be Tom.—I don’t think it ___ be ____ .A. can ; must ; can ; heB. may ; can ; must ; himC. must ; can ; must ; hisD. might ; must ; can ; himself分析：根据备选答案。 can表示推测时用于疑问句或否定句中。本题首句就应该是Guess who can it be? 第二句应该是I think it must be Tom.(说话人十分肯定)。第三句表达了说话人对前一个人的否定。即：I don’t think it can be him/he.(不可能是他)。答案为A3. —Do you know Ms. Wang likes walking after supper ?—Sure. She ____ around the campus now.A. must be walkingB. must walkC. may walkD. may be walking分析：关键词Sure告诉我们说话人的口气十分肯定。根据句子语境：她此刻肯定正在校园散步呢。must be doing表示肯定正在做。答案为A4. —I stayed at a hotel in New York.—Oh, did you ? You _____ with Barbara.A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would sayD. must have stayed分析：首句说：我在纽约住在一家宾馆里。在此a hotel是泛指。所以D选项不合题意。
㈧ 高一英语 语法重点 （外研社版）
高一重点在非谓语还有就是
定语从句
，具体方法不是别人告诉你你就可以提高的，英语这门学科要多听多读多练，成绩自然会提高的。坚持也是很重要的。
㈨ 高一英语语法有哪些
一。动词 ：
1.现在进行时表将来时间
2.被动语态 （1一般将来时的被动语态的构版成，2现在权完成时的，3现在进行时的）
二: 直接引语和间接引语：
1.陈述句 （1人称的变化，2时态的变化，3指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化)
2.疑问句
3.祈使句
三: 定语从句：
1.由关系代词引导的定语从句
2.由关系副词引导
3.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
高一(下)语法项目:
一: 情态动词 （1 can;could 2 may;might 3.must;have to 4 shall;should 5will;would 6 ought 7.had better)
二：动词-ing形式
三: 主语和谓语一致
四：it的用法 （1 用作人称代词 2 非人称代词 3 作形式主语或形式宾语 4 用于强调句中）
五：构词法 （1.合成 2.转换 3.派生）