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情态动词语法英语

发布时间:2021-02-23 04:38:04

⑴ 英语语法之情态动词的用法

情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。
情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列:

can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) .

情态动词的位置:

情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语之前。

情态动词的特点:

情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去,现在或将来。

He could be here soon.

他很快就来。

might 是may 的过去式, 有两种用法, 一种表示过去式,一种表示虚拟语气, 使语气更加委婉, 客气或对可能性的怀疑。

He told me he might be here on time.

他说他能按时间来。
might 是may 的过去式, 有两种用法, 一种表示过去式,一种表示虚拟语气, 使语气更加委婉, 客气或对可能性的怀疑。

He told me he might be here on time.

他说他能按时间来。
must 和 have to 的区别: must 表示说话人的主观思想, have to 表示客观需要。

need 是一个情态动词, 他的用法完全和其他情态动词一样, 但 need 还可当作实义动词使用, 这时 need 就象其他动词一样,有第三人称,单复数, 后面加带 to 的动词等特性。

I need a bike to go to school.

我上学需要一辆自行车。

⑵ 英语情态动词语法选择加讲解。

情态动词
有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。 情态动词
can 表示能力,意为 “能 会” 表示推测, 意为 “可能”, 常用于否定句和疑问句中 表示请求, 允许, 意为“可以”
could 是can 的过去式,意为“能、会”, 表示过去的能力 在疑问句中表示委婉请求
may 表示请求、许可,意为“可以” 表示推测,常用于肯定句中,意为“可能、也许”
might 是may的过去式,表推测,常用于肯定句中,意为“ 可能、也许 ” must 表示主观看法,意为“必须、应该” 表有把握的推测,用语肯定句 Need \表示需要、必须,主要用于否定句和疑问句中 dare 表示敢于,主要用于否定句和疑问句中
should 意为“ 应该”, 表示要求和命令 表示劝告、建议 had better 意为 “最好”,表示建议 used to意为 “过去常常,表示过去的动作、行为 考点一 情态动词知识清单
情态动词有具体的词义,但也同助动词一样,需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语,另外情态动词没哟人称和数的变化,情态动词后必须跟动词原形。
1. can 的用法
(1) 表示能力、许可、可能性。 表示能力时一般译为“能、会”, 即有种能力,尤其是生来具备的能力,此时may 和must 均不可代替它。 (2) 表示可能、能够。 如:I can finish it in an hour. (3)表示许可,常在口语中。如:You can use my dictionary. (4)表示推测,意为“可能”, 常用于否定句和疑问句中, 此时can‟t 译为“ 不可能”。 2. could的用法
(1) can的过去式, 意为“ 能、 会” , 表示过去的能力。 (2) could 在疑问句中, 表示委婉的语气,此时没有过去式的意思。 3. may的用法
(1)表示请求、许可, 比can 正式,
(2)表示推测,谈论可能性,意为“ 可能, 或许”,一般用于肯定句中。
(3) may的过去式为might ,表示推测时。可能性低于may 。4. must的用法
(1)must 表示主观看法,意为“必须、一定”。
(2)其否定形式mustn‟t 表示“ 一定不要 ” “千万别” “禁止, 不许”. (3)对must引导的疑问句,肯定回答为must, 否定回答为needn‟t 或 don‟t have to .
(4)must 表示有把握的推测,用于肯定句。当must 表示 肯定的判断、推测时,其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。 She must have finished writing, hasn‟t she? 5. need的用法
(1) need 表示需要、必须,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为needn‟t ,意为“没有必要,不必”。 用need 提问时,肯定回答为 must,否定回答为 needn‟t 。 如:----Need I stay here any longer? ----Yes, you must .-----No. you needn‟t .
(2) need 还可以作实义动词,此时有人称、数和时态的变化, 后边
多接动词不定式。

6. dare
的用法

dare
意为

敢、敢于
”,
用法近似于
need


有两种词性:


1

dare
作为情态动词,多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中,无第
三人称单数形式,只有一般现在时和一般过去时。


2

dare
作为实义动词,此时有人称、数及时态的变化。注意:


口语中,
dare
的各种形式常与不带
to
的不定式连用。
Do you dare tell
her what I said?
7.
shall
的用法


1

shall
表示征求对方意见(多用于第一、三人称)


Shall we go out for a walk?


2
)表示决心、警告、命令(

多用于第二、三人称)


No one shall bring your beepers or mobile phones in the exam.
8.
should
的用法


1

should
意为

应该



可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。

We
should protect the environment.


2

should (would)like to do sth.
表示

想要、
愿意做某事


常用于口
语中。
Would you like to go with me?
你想和我一起去吗?


3

Should have done
表示对过去动作的责备、批评。

You should have finished your homework.

9.
will
的用法

will
表示意愿、意志、打算,可用于多种人称。

I will help you if I‟m free this afternoon.

10.

had better
的用法

had
better
意为

最好

,没有人称的变化,后面接不带
to
的不定式,
其否定形式为:

had better not


We had better go now. You had better not give the book to him.

考点二

含有情态动词的疑问句

1.


can

may

must
构成的疑问句


1
)句



Can/
May/
Must…

+


+




+….





Can
you
repair
the
car?
Could
he
be
a
good
student? May
I
borrow
your
ruler?Must we clean the room now?


2
)对

may
引出的问句,可以有下列回答方式:
Yes,
of
course.

Yes, certainly.Sure.No, you mustn‟t.No, you can‟t.


3
)对
must
引出的疑问句,回答为:
Yes, …must.No,… needn‟t/ don‟t
have to.

2. will


would


shall
的用法


1

will
在一般疑问句中表示客气的

请求、
劝说



would

will

过去式,语气更加客气、委婉。
Would
you
show
me
your
picture
book? Will you please give me a call?


2
)对

will/ would you…

的回答方式有以下几种:
Yes, I will. (No, I
won‟t.)Sure .
(I‟m
sorry
,
I
can‟t.)All
right.Certainly.
(No,
thank
you .)

Yes, please.

3

shall
引出的疑问句用于第一人称,

表示征求对方意见或客气的
请求。其回答方式有以下几种:
Yes, please.All right. No, thank you.

考点三

不同情态动词的否定意义也不同

1.

1


can‟t
可译为

不会



如:
I can‟t play basketball.
我不会打篮
球。


2
)当句子表推测时,用
can‟t
表达不可能,

He can‟t be ill. He
is playing chess with Tom.
can‟t
还可用来回答
“ May I …? ”
这样的
问句。
May I come in ?No, you mustn‟t. / can‟t.
can‟t
还可用于固
定习语中。
She can‟t help crying.

⑶ 英语中情态动词的被动语法有几种该如何用

四种。

一、基本句型结构: 

1、肯定句:主语+情态动词+be+过去分词

eg: Teenagers should be allowed to go shopping.       

Tables can be made of stones. 

2、否定句:主语+情态动词+not +be+ 过去分词

eg: Teenagers shouldn’t be allowed to go shopping.                

Tables can’t be made of stones.

3、一般疑问句:情态动词+主语+be+过去分词

eg:  Should teenagers be allowed to go shopping?                

Can tables be made of stones?

4、特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+情态动词+主语+be+ 过去分词

eg: What should teenagers be allowed?                

What can tables be made of? 

(3)情态动词语法英语扩展阅读

含有情态动词的主动语态与被动语态的转换: 

1、 We (主语)can(情态动词) write(谓语) letters (宾语)in English.(宾语补足语)

Letters(主语)can (情态动词)be written(谓语)in English (宾语)by us. (宾语补足语)   

2、Parents(主语)should(情态动词)allow(谓语)teenagers (宾语)to choose their own clothes.   

Teenagers(主语)should(情态动词)be allowed (谓语)to choose their own clothes (宾语)by their parents. (宾语补足语)  

3、You(主语)must(情态动词)clean(谓语)your bedroom (宾语)every day.(时间状语)

Your bedroom(主语)must(情态动词)be cleaned (谓语)every day (时间状语)by you.(宾语)

⑷ 英语情态动词用法

情态动词的用法要点

一. can和could
情态动词 用法 例句

can/could
表示能力 1.“I don’t think Mike can type.”
“Yes, he can.”
2.I can speak fluent English now , but I couldn’t last year.
在肯定句中,表示客观可能性,并不涉及具体某事会发生,常用来说明人或事物的特征。要表达具体某事实际发生的可能性时,不用can,需用could,may,might。 1. As a human being, anyone can make a mistake.
2. I’m confident that a solution can be found.
3. He can be very forgetful sometimes.
4. I may stay at home this weekend.(实际可能性)
5. Peter might come to join us.(实际可能性)
6. It will be sunny in the daytime ,but it could rain tonight.(实际可能性)

表示请求和允许。表示请求,口语中常用could代替can,使语气更委婉。 1. Can we turn the air conditioner on?
2. Any police officer can insist on seeing a driver’s license.
3. In soccer, you can’t touch the ball with your hands.
4. Could you have her call me back when she gets home, please?
5. I wonder if I could just ask you to sign this.
表示对现在的动作或状态进行主观的猜测,主要用在否定句和疑问句中。 1. It can’t be easy caring for a man and a child who are not your own.
2. Can the man over there be our head master?
表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度,主要用在否定句、疑问句和感叹句中。 1. Can this be an excuse for not giving them help?
2. This can’t be true.
3. How can you be so crazy.

特别说明:
(1) could用来表示请求时,语气委婉,主要用于疑问句,不能用于肯定句,答语应用can(即:could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中)。如:
——Could I use your dictionary?
——Yes, you can.(否定回答可用:No, I’m afraid not.)
(2) can和be able to辨析
can(could)和be able to都可以表示能力,意思上没有区别。但can只有现在式和过去式,而be able to则有更多的形式。如:
I’ve always wanted to able to speak fluent English.
Those bags look really heavy, are you sure you’ll be able to carry them on your own?
但是,表示在过去某时的某一场合经过一番努力,终于做成了某事,通常不用could,而用was/were able to来表示。这时,was/were able to相当于managed to do或succeed in doing。如:
After the accident it was a long time before she was able to walk again.
The fire was very big, but most people were able to escape from the building.
(3) 惯用形式“cannot …too…”表示“无论怎么……也不(过分)”。如:
You cannot be too careful.你越小心越好。
惯用形式“cannot but+ 不定式(不带to)”表示“不得不,只好”。如:
I cannot but admire her determination.我不得不钦佩你的决心。

二.may和 might
情态动词 用法 例句

may/might 表示允许、许可。否定回答一般用must not/mustn’t,表示“禁止、阻止”之意,但也可以用had better not (最好别)或may not(不可以),语气较为委婉。 1. May I come in and wait?
2. ——May I smoke here?
——No, you mustn’t(或No, you’d better not.)
在表示请求、允许时,might比may语气更委婉些。用May I征询对方许可在文体上比较正式,在口气上比较客气,在日常用语中,用Can I征询对方意见更为常见。 1. Might I borrow your pen?
2. I wonder if I might speak to your son.
表示可能性的推测,通常用在肯定句和否定句中,含有“或许”“大概”“可能”之意;用might代替may时,则语气显得更加不肯定。 1. It may rain this afternoon.
2. She might come to join us this afternoon.
3. I suppose he might have missed the train.

may用于祈使句表示祝愿 1. May you succeed.
2. Long may he live! 愿他能持续住下去。
3. May you have many more days as happy as this one.
4. May she rest in peace.愿她安息。
惯用句式:
“may well+ 动词原形”,意为“完全能,很可能”,相当于to be very likely to

“may as well或might(just)as well+动词原形”意为“最好,满可以,倒不如”,相当于“had better或there is no reason to do anything else. 1. It may well change forever the way you look at Greek art.
2. There may well be a real problem here.
3. There is nothing to do, so I may as well go to bed.
4. You may as well tell us now, we’ll find out sooner or later.
5. I suppose we might as well go home.
6. And if you have to plough the field anyway, you might as well plant it at the same time.

二.must和have to
情态动词 用法 例句

must 表示“必须,应该”之意,语气比should,ought to强烈。其否定形式mustn’t表示“不准,不应该,禁止”等意 1. You must come to school on time.
2. Everybody must obey the law.
3. You mustn’t drive so fast in the street.
4. We mustn’t waste any more time.
在回答带有must的问句时,否定回答常用needn’t或don’t have to,表示“不必”,而不用mustn’t 1.—Must I come back before ten?
—Yes,you must.(No, you needn’t)
表示有把握的推测,意为“一定、准是、相必”,只用于肯定句中 1. It must be my mother.
2. You must be hungry after a walk.
3. There must be a hole in the wall.
have to

have to “必须,不得不”,意义与must相近。但must表示的是说话人的主观看法,而have to则往往强调客观需要。 1. The film is not interesting. I really must go now.
2. I have to go now, because my mother is in hospital.
must只有一种形式,即现在式与过去式都是一种形式,而have to则涉及各种人称、时态等方面的变化形式。 1.I had to work hard when I was your age.
2.I will have to learn how to use a computer.
3.In order to take the exam, we’ll have to finish the whole book by the end of this month .
两者的否定意义不同,mustn’t表示“禁止,不许”,don’t have to表示不必。 1. You mustn’t go there.
2. You don’t have to go there.

四.shall和should
情态动词 用法 例句
shall 用于第一、二、三人称构成的疑问句,表示征求对方意见或请求指示 1. Shall I open the window?
2. Shall we say 6 o’clock, then?
3. What shall I get for dinner?
用于第二、三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 1. Don’t worry, you shall get the answer this afternoon.(允诺)
2. He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. (警告)
3. You shall do as I say. (命令)
4. If you children don’t do as I tell you, you shall not go to the party. (威胁)
should 表示劝告或建议,意为“应该” 1. What should I do?
2. Should I trust him?
3. You should read his new book.
表示推测,用在肯定句中,对现在的情况或可能发生
的事的主观推测或期待。意为“想必,大概,或许” 1. It should be a nice day tomorrow.
2. Try phoning Robert, he should be home now.
3. He should be around sixty years old.
还可以用在if引导的条件句中,表示一件事听起来可能性很小,但也不是完全不可能,相当于“万一”的意思。从句谓语用should+动词原形构成,主句都一定用虚拟语气 1. Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him. (你万一见到汤姆,请让他给我打个电话)
2. Should I be free tomorrow, I’ll come. (万一我明天有时间,我就过来)
3. If things should change suddenly, please let me know. (万一情况突变,请通知我)
用于疑问句或感叹句中,表示意外、惊异的情绪,意为“竟会”,与why,what,how,who连用,如果是疑问句,则不需要回答。 1. Why should anyone want to marry Tony?
2. Don’t ask me. How should I know?

五.will和would
情态动词 用法 例句
will/would 用于表示意志或意愿。will指现在,would指过去。 1. He is the man who will go his own way. (他首歌自行其是的人。)
2. They said they would meet us at 10:30 at the station.
表示请求、建议等,用would比用will委婉、客气。 1. Will you please take a message for him?
2. Would you please tell me your telephone number?
表示习惯或倾向,意为“总是,惯于”。will至现在,would指过去。 1. Fish will die without water.
2. People will talk. (人们总会说闲话。)
3. When we worked in the same office, we would often have coffee together.
表示推测,意为“很可能,大概”。will表示推测比should把握大,比must把握小。 1. These things will happen.
2. That will be the messenger ringing.
3. It would be about ten o’clock when he left home.
表示功能,意为“能,行”。惯用形式:will do/would do表示“解决问题”、“就行”。 1. That will be all right.
2. Either pen will do.
3. It would not do to work too late.(工作太晚不行。)
用于否定句中,意为“不肯”、“不乐意” 1.I won’t listen to your nonsense.
2.No matter what I said, he wouldn’t listen to me.

特别说明:would与used to辨析
would可用来表示过去反复出现的动作,但不能表示过去存在的状态,所以我们不能说:“she would be a quiet girl.”
另外,would强调过去某种特定情况下的活动,是完全过去的事情,同现在没有联系。而used to则着眼于过去和现在的对比,隐含现在已不存在,动作或状态都可表示。Would可以表示不规则的习惯,used to则不可。如:
He used to be a naughty boy and cause trouble.
I used to get up at six in the morning.
Sometimes she would take a walk in the neighboring woods.
In those days, whenever I had difficulties, I would go to Mr. Chen for help.

六.need和dare
情态动词 用法 例句

need 用于表示“需要,必要”之意。做情态动词时,仅用于否定句和疑问句,只有现在时,过去式要用needn't have,疑问式用need+人称?,否定式用need not(即needn't), 1.—Need we leave soon?
—Yes, you must.(No, you needn't)
2.You needn't have hurried.
(=It was not necessary for you to hurry,but you did).你当时不必这么匆忙。
做实义动词时,其变化与一般的实义动词相同,后接带to的不定式(need doing = need to be done ),过去式用needed、did you need?和didn't need,肯定式用needs/needed/need,疑问式用do、does、did提问,否定式要在前面加don't、doesn't、didn't 1. A job like nursing needs patience and understanding.(need+名词,need understanding=need to be understood,需要被理解)
2.He needs to see a doctor.(need to do)
3.Do you still need volunteers to help clean up after the party?(need somebody to do something)
4.They didn't need to start so early.(do not need to do)

dare 用于表示“敢于”之意。做情态动词,没有人称和数的变化,主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中 1.—Dare you tell her the truth?
—Yes, I dare. /No, I daren’t.
3. How dare you accuse me of lying!
4. He daren’t admit this.
用作实义动词时,其变化与一般的实义动词相同。在肯定句中,dare后接带to的不定式;否定句中,dare后既可接带to的不定式,也可接不带to的不定式。 1. Only a few journalists dared to cover the story.
2. He doesn’t dare (to) go there alone.
3. Don’t you dare (to) touch it?

七.ought的用法:
情态动词 用法 例句

ought to do 表示“应该”之意 1. You ought to take care of him.
2. —Ought I go now?
—Yes, you ought to. /No, you oughtn’t to.
表示推测。注意与must表示推测是的区别 1. He must be home by now. (断定他已到家)
2. He ought to be home by now. (不十分肯定)
3. This is where the oil must be. (比较直率)
4. This is where the oil ought to be. (比较含蓄)

说明:should与ought to 表示“应该”时的区别
should 表示自己的主观看法,而ought to的语气中,含有“按道理应该……”之意。若要反映客观情况或涉及法律义务和规定,一般用ought to。如:
You should help them with their work.
You are his father. You ought to get him to receive good ecation.

八.“情态动词+have done”用法
情态动词+have done 用法 例句
must have done 表示主观上对过去已经发生的行为进行推测,意为“想必,准是,一定做了某事” 1. She must have gone through a lot.
2. He must have visited the White House ring his stay in the United States.
may/might have done 表示对过去已发生行为的推测,意为“也许/或许已经(没有)……“。一般用于肯定句或否定句中,不用于疑问句。用might则表示语气更加不肯定。 1. You may have learnt the news.
2. He may not have heard his name called.
3. Sorry I’m late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
can…have done
cannot have done 表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定,通常用在否定句和疑问句中。(can换成could时语气委婉) 1. Where can she have gone?
2. Could he have done such a foolish thing?
3. The boy can’t have finished reading the book so soon because it is difficult even to an alt.
could have done 可用于肯定句中,表示“可能已经……”之意,此外,还可以表示过去能做而没做的事,有一种对过去为付诸实施的事情的惋惜。 1. He could have killed himself driving at a dangerous speed.
2. You could have been more considerate.
3. You could have done better, but you were too careless.
might have done 表示“本来可能……,但实际上没有发生的事情”。另外,还可以表示“本来应该或可以做某事”之意,含有轻微的责备语气。 1. You should not swim in that sea. You might have been eaten by a shark.
2. He might have given him more help, thought he was busy.
should/ought to have done 用于肯定句时,表示本该做某事,而实际上未做;用于否定句时,则表示不该做的事反而做了。 1. He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.
2. You shouldn’t have done it so carelessly.
3. You ought to have returned the book earlier.
4. You ought not to have refused his offer.
needn’t have done 表示做了本来不必去做的事。注意:didn’t need to do表示“没必要做而实际上也没有做某事” 1. You needn’t have watered the plants, for it is going to rain.
2. I didn’t need to buy the dictionary. I had a at home.
had better have done 用于事后的建议,含轻微责备的口吻,意为“当时最好做了某事”,其否定式had better not have done表示相反的含义。 1. You had better have started earlier.
2. You had better not have scolded her.
would rather have done 表示“当时宁愿做了某事”,其否定式would rather not have done表示相反的含义,两者都表示“后悔”之意。 1.I would rather have taken his advice.
2.I would rather not have told him the truth.

⑸ 高中英语语法:情态动词

情态动词有四类:
①只做情态动词:must,can(could),may(might)……
②可做情态内动词又可做实义动词:容need,dare
③具有情态动词特征:have(had,has)
to,used
to
④情态动词表猜测

⑹ 初中英语语法 什么是情态动词

我认为情态动词和普遍动词的区别在于:
1、情态动词可以和Be动词一样直接版和not构成否定句,权而普遍动词通常不可以。
如:She
can't
swim.
2、情态动词可直接用于疑问句,普通动词则需要利用助动词。
如:Can
you
sing
this
song?
What
can
i
do?
3、情态动词后跟普通动词时,普通动词用原形。
其实初中英语考试中,情态动词应该是比较简单的一类了。

⑺ 英语情态动词用法与归纳

情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。

情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列:

can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) .

情态动词的位置:

情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语之前。

情态动词的特点:

情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去,现在或将来。

情态动词的用法:

can (could) 表示说话人能,可以,同意,准许,以及

客观条件许可,could 为 can 的过去式。

Must 必须,应该,一定,准是, 表示说话人认为有必要做某事, 命令, 要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。

must 用来指一般现在时和一般将来时, 过去式可用 have to 的过去式代替。

must + have + 过去分词,表示现在对过去事物的推测。

must 和 have to 的区别: must 表示说话人的主观思想, have to 表示客观需要。

need 是一个情态动词, 他的用法完全和其他情态动词一样, 但 need 还可当作实义动词使用, 这时 need 就象其他动词一样,有第三人称,单复数, 后面加带 to 的动词等特性。

needn't + have + 过去分词 表示过去做了没必要做的事情。

dare 除用作情态动词外,更多的是当实义动词使用, 用法同实义动词一样,要考虑人称,单复数,时态等。

ought 应当,应该 后面跟带有 to 的动词不定式。

ought + to have done 句型。指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做。

ought not to have done 句型。表示一件不该做的事情却做了。

will (would)决心,愿望。 would 为 will 的过去式,

will, would用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用 would 比 will 更婉转,客气。

Shall, should表示命令,警告,允诺,征求,劝告,建议惊奇。

have to,不得不,必须,表示客观条件只能如此, 而must 则表示主观思想必须

⑻ 英语情态动词语法

c,b,d,a
1.虚拟语气
2. 肯定不到6岁
3. (理论上的)可能
4. 可能是...

⑼ 英语 情态动词 语法 哪 里有总结

(1)情态动词+动词完成式: must have done
(2)情态动词+动词进行式: must be doing
(3)情态动词+动词完成进行式: must have been doing
(4)某些情态动词的特殊用法: need
一、情态动词+动词完成式
情态动词+动词完成式即“情态动词+ have + done分词”,表示对过去行为或动作进行推测、评论或判断。
1. must have done
must have done 表示对过去某事的肯定猜测。其否定或疑问形式都用can(could) 来表示.
例如: Since the road is wet, it must have rained last night.
He can’t have missed the way. I drew him a map.
“The dictionary has disappeared. Who could have taken it?”
当然对现在发生或将来发生的事情,要用must do 表示猜测, 否定为can’t do.
He must understand that we mean business.
You must be hungry after a long walk.
2.may / might have done
may / might have done 表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.may 比 might 表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。例如:
I can’t find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday.
3. could have done 在肯定句型中, 往往用作委婉的批评. 本应该做什么,而没做; 有时也用作猜测.
You could have told us earlier.
Tom could have taken the dictionary.
4. ought to / should have done和 ought not to / shouldn’t have done
ought to / should have done 和 ought not to / shouldn’t have done 用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、“不满”,分别表示“本应该…”和“本不应该…”。例如:
1)With all the work finished, I should have gone to the party last night.
2)You ought not to have made fun of him. He is not the one you laugh at but learn from.
5. needn’t have done
needn’t have done 表示过去做了某事,但没有做的必要, 意为“本没必要…”。例如:
You needn’t have waken me up; I don’t have to go to work today.
注:表示推测过去某动作发生的可能性时,就表示的可能性程度而言,must最大,could其次,may更次之,might最小。例如:
“I wonder how Tom knew about your past.”
“He must / could / may / might have heard of it from Mary.”
二、情态动词+动词进行式
情态动词+行为动词进行式(即情态动词+ be + doing形式),表示推测或评论某动作现在是否正在进行。例如:
1)He must be playing basketball in the room.
2)She may be staying at home.
三、情态动词+动词完成进行式
情态动词+行为动词完成进行式(即情态动词+ have been + v-ing 形式),表示推测或评论过去某动作是否正在进行或一直在进行。例如:
1)They should have been meeting to discuss the problem.
2)He may / might have been buying stamps in the post office when you saw him.
四、某些情态动词的特殊用法
1. need
考试中主要测试 need 作情态动词与作实义动词的区别。情态动词need与实义动词need 在时态、肯定、否定结构上的对比见下表。
时态 情态动词need 实义动词 need
现在时
He need (needn’t) do
Need he do….?
He needs (doesn’t need) to do
过去时
He needed (didn’t need) to do
将来时
He need (needn’t) do
Need he do….?
He will (not) need to do
注: need 一般用于否定句或疑问句.
2. dare 考试中主要测试dare作情态动词和作实义动词的区别。
情态动词dare 与实义动词dare 在时态、肯定、否定、疑问结构上的对比见下 表。
句型 情态动词dare 实义动词 dare
肯定句
现在时 dare to 少用
过去时 dare to 少用
现在时 dare/dares to do
过去时 dared to do
否定句
现在时 daren’t/dare not do
过去时 dared not do
现在时 do/does not dare (to) do
过去时 did not dare (to) do
疑问句
现在时 Dare he do?
过去时 Dared he do?
现在时 Do you/Does he dear (to) do?
过去时 Did he dare (to) do
3. can 和 may
考试中主要测试can,may或could,might表示可能性的区别及对may构成的疑 问句的回答。
(1)can, could, may, might都可以表示可能性.can, could表示潜在的可能性或理论上或逻辑判断上存在的可能性;而may, might则表示事实上的可能性。此外,can还具有“有能力”的意思,而may与might则不具此意。例如:
According to the weather forecast, it may rain tomorrow.
Any man with a little sense can see that he is wrong.
(2)May I / we …?这一类疑问句的肯定回答为Yes, please.或Certainly;否定回答为Please don’t.或No, you mustn’t. 例如:
“May we leave now?” “No, you mustn’t. You haven’t finished your home work yet.”
4. can 和 be able to
can 与 be able to 都可以表示能力,但两者在用法上有点差异:can (could)表示主观能力,不表示意愿,它的将来时用will be able to; be able to表示主观意愿,强调要克服困难去做某事。例如:
1)My grandma is over seventy, but she can still read without glasses.
5. must 和 have to
must 和 have to 都可以表示“必须”,但有几点区别:
(1)must 强调“内在的职责”、“义务”,而have to 强调“外界压力”、“不得已而为之”。
(2)have to可用于多种时态,而must一般用于现在时,其过去时与将来时分别由had to与shall / will have to代替。
(3)在回答must引起的问题时,如果是否定的答复,不能用mustn’t,而要用needn’t或don’t have to,因为mustn’t是“一定不要”、“一定不能”的意思。例如:
You must come to the classroom before eight.
2)It is raining hard outside, but I have to leave now.
3)“Must we do it now?” “No, you needn’t.”
6. used to +do, be used to +doing和be used to +do
(1)used to +v意为“过去常常”,“过去一直”;be used to +v-ing / n(名词)意为“习惯于”;be used to +v意为“被用来(做某事)”。
(2)used to只表示过去,而be used to +v-ing / n可表示现在、过去或将来。例如:
1)He used to smoke. Now he doesn’t.
2)He’s quite used to hard work / working hard.
3)The knife is used to cut bread.
7.用作情态动词的其他短语 would rather, would sooner, would (just) as soon, had rather, had better, had sooner, can not but, may (just) as well等可用作情态动词。例如:
1)The soldier would sooner die than surrender.
2)The brave soldier would as soon die as yield to such an enemy.
3)I’d rather walk than take a bus.
4)If you don’t like to swim, you may just as well stay at home.
注:这些短语后一般直接跟动词原形.would (had) rather, would (had) sooner, would (just) as soon后可跟that 引导的从句,that 常省去,从句要用虚拟语气。对现在和将来的假设用过去时,对过去的假设用过去完成时。例如:
1)I would rather you came on Sunday.
2)I would sooner you hadn’t asked

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