『壹』 九年级英语10单元语法聚焦翻译
托福阅读考试离不开词汇的考核，下面小编整理了托福阅读考试的核心词汇，希望能帮助大家备考。
31. be/become/get involved in 与…有关联的
Two distinct processes are involved in molting.
32.benefit from 从…中受益
Students benefit from schools, which require long hours and homework.
33.break down 分解
All of these forces slowly break down the Earth's exposed rocky crust into smaller and smaller pieces that eventually become clay.
34.by far 到目前为止
Marine sediment is by far the most important environment for the preservation of fossils.
35.by means of 通过，凭借
The topic of the passage is developed primarily by means of Adividing the discussion into two major areas.
36.by virtue of 由于
Many are uninhabitable, by virtue of their small size and particular characteristics
37.confine to 限制在一定范围之内
The delivery service was at first confined to cities.
38.conform to 符合 Parks should be designed to conform to the topography of the area
39.contribute to 有贡献，有助于
Transportation contributed to the development and maintenance of trade.
40.cope with 对付
Under certain circumstance the human body must cope with gases at greater-than-normal atmospheric pressure.
41.date back to 始于
In the United States, rent controls date back to at least World War II.
42. depend on 依靠
The gulls depend on the falcons for protection.
43. deprive sb/sth of sth 剥夺..某事物
Plant stems die when deprived of water.
44.derive from 获得，起源于
Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input.
45.e to 由于，因为
Due to their dense structure, iron meteorites have the best chance of surviving an impact, and most are found by farmers plowing their fields.
46. evolve from/out of 从...进化来，从…发展来
The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual.
47.extract from 提取
It turns out that some fossils can be extracted from these sediments by putting the rocks in an acid bath.
48.feed on 以…为食物
Predators are animals that capture and feed on other animals.
49.focus on 集中(注意力)于
They focus on the meaning of their parents' words.
50. get rid of 处理掉
Atoms or molecules get rid of excess energy by themselves, without any outside intervention.
51.give access to 向…开放
To connect the pueblos and to give access to the surrounding tableland, the architects laid out a system of public roads with stone staircases for ascending cliff faces.
52.give birth to 使诞生，引起
Most insects lay eggs, but some give birth to live young.
53.give off 发散，发出
If Jupiter were larger, it would give off much less heat.
54.give rise to 引起，导致
The musical Renaissance was too short to give rise to a new musical style.
55.go beyond 超过，越过
An interviewer can go beyond written questions and probe for a subject's underlying feelings and reasons.
56.go out of business 停业，关门
The shop went out of business.
57.have nothing to do with 与…无关
A species’ survival may have nothing to do with its ability or inability to adapt.
58.impart to 传授给
They functioned as sanctuaries where the elders impart tribal lore to the younger generation.
59.impose on 强加于
New regulations were imposed on nontraditional ecation.
60.in common 共同
No two comets ever look identical, but they have basic features in common.
『贰』 七下英语书十单元语法聚焦翻译
什么？
『叁』 九年级英语第四单元语法聚焦翻译
One morning before class, when I was running into the classroom, I knocked over the ink bottle on the teacher's desk, and the red ink spilt ① on the desk. I was sure I would be scolded by the teacher. Just at that moment the bell rang and I went to my seat.
“Stand up!” our monitor said loudly. I stood up and my legs were trembling.
“Who knocked over the ink bottle?” Miss Ye, the teacher, asked. I kept silent. Many eyes were fixed upon me. Miss Ye walked to me and asked in a low voice,“Did you do it?”
“No, no, I didn't, ” I said hurriedly②. My face turned red at once. I didn't know why I had told a lie.
“OK, I believe you.” She patted me on the head and then began teaching.
I felt very sorry. I knew I was wrong. So I went to see Miss Ye in the afternoon.
“I'm sorry, Miss Ye,” I said. “This morning I told a lie.”
“I saw the whole thing through the window when I was outside the classroom, ”she said. “But I didn't scold you. I knew you would come to tell me the truth because I believe you are an honest girl.”
I dropped my head without saying a word.
“I'm happy that you have come,” she continued. “You haven't made me disappointed.”
When I heard these words, tears filled my eyes.
课前的一个早晨，当我冲进教室的时候，我打翻了墨水瓶放在老师的书桌上，和红墨水洒在桌子上。我确信我会被老师骂。就在这时，门铃响了，我去我的座位。
“站起来！“我们的班长大声说。我站起来，我的腿在颤抖。
“是谁打翻了墨水瓶？“叶老师问。我保持沉默。许多眼睛盯着我。叶小姐向我走来，低声问，“你做了吗？“
“不，不，我没有，”我连忙说。我的脸变红了。我不知道我为什么要撒谎。
“好吧，我相信你。”她拍拍我的头，然后开始教学。
我感到很抱歉。我知道我错了。所以我去看叶小姐在下午。
“对不起，叶小姐，”我说。“今天早上我撒谎了。”
“我看到了整个事情的经过的时候，我在教室外面，”她说。“但我没有骂你。我知道你会来告诉我真相，因为我相信你是个诚实的女孩。”
我把我的头一句话不说。
“我很高兴你来了，”她继续说。“你没有让我失望。”
当我听到这些话时，我的眼睛充满泪水。
『肆』 英语语法聚焦七年级下册人教版1-12单元
一. 词汇
⑴ 单词
1. 介词：, on, under, behind, near, at, of
1). in表示"在……中"， "在……内"。例如：
in our class 在我们班上
in my bag 在我的书包里
in the desk 在桌子里
in the classroom 在教室里
2). on 表示"在……上"。例如：
on the wall 在墙上
on the desk 在桌子上
on the blackboard 在黑板上
3). under表示"在……下"。例如：
under the tree 在树下
under the chair 在椅子下
under the bed 在床下
4). behind表示"在……后面"。例如：
behind the door 在门后
behind the tree 在树后
5). near表示"在……附近"。例如：
near the teacher's desk 在讲桌附近
near the bed 在床附近
6). at表示"在……处"。例如：
at school 在学校
at home 在家
at the door 在门口
7). of 表示"……的"。例如：
a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画
a map of China 一张中国地图
2. 冠词 a / an / the:
冠词一般位于所限定的名词前，用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式，即a和an。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前，如a book; an用在以元音音素开头的字母前，如an apple.
a或an与可数名词单数连用，泛指某类人或某物中的一个。
This is a cat.
这是一只猫。
It's an English book.
这是一本英语书。
His father is a worker.
他的爸爸是个工人。
the既可以用在可数名词前，也可以用在不可数名词前，表示某个或某些特定的人或事物，也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。
Who's the boy in the hat?
戴帽子的男孩是谁呀？
------ What can you see in the classroom?
------ I can see a bag.
------ Where's the bag?
------ It's on the desk.
------- 你能在教室里看到什么呀？
------ 我能看见一个书包。
------ 书包在哪呀？
------ 在桌子上。
3.some和any
①在肯定句中用some.例如：
There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些书。
Lucy has some good books露西有一些好书。
②在疑问句和否定句中用any。例如：
Is there any ink in your pen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗？
Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗？
There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里没有水。
⑵记住它们的特殊用法。
①some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中，这一点我们不久就会学到。例如：
Would you like to have some apples?你想吃苹果吗？
②any也可用于肯定句中，表示"任何的"。例如：
Any one of us can do this.我们当中任何一个都能做这个。
some 和any的用法是经常出现的考点，希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法。
4.family
family看作为一个整体时，意思是"家庭"，后面的谓语动词be用单数形式 is ；如把family看作为家庭成员时，应理解为复数，后面的谓语动词be应用are。
My family is a big family. 我的家庭是个大家庭。
My family are all at home now. 我的家人现在都在家。
Family强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。home指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点。 house指"家"、"房屋"，侧重居住的建筑本身。
His family are all workers. 他的家人都是工人。
My home is in Beijing. 我的家在北京。
He isn't at home now. 他现在不在家。
It's a picture of my family. 这是一张我全家的照片。
5. little的用法
a little dog 一只小狗，a little boy 一个小男孩。little常用来修饰有生命的名词。
*但little还可表示否定意义，意为"少的"，加不可数名词。
There is little time. 几乎没时间了。
There is little water in the cup. 杯中水很少。
⑵ 词组
on the desk 在桌子上
behind the chair 在椅子后
under the chair 在椅子下面
in her pencil-box 在她的铅笔盒中
near the door 在门附近
a picture of a classroom 一个教室的图片
look at the picture 看这张图片
the teacher's desk 讲桌
a map of China 一张中国地图
family tree 家谱
have a seat 坐下，就坐
this way 这边走
二. 日常用语
1. Come and meet my family.
2. Go and see. I think it's Li Lei.
3. Glad to meet you.
4. What can you see in the picture?
I can see a clock / some books.
5. Can you see an orange?
Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
6. Where's Shenzhen?
It's near Hong Kong.
7. Let me see.（口语）让我想想看。
see 在这是"明白、懂了"，不可译作"看见"。例如：
8. Please have a seat.
seat表示"座位"，是个名词。have a seat表示"就坐"，也可以说take a seat, 和sit down的意思相同。
三. 语法
1. 名词所有格
名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系，通常用名词所有格的形式，意为"……的"。一般有以下几种形式：
（1）. 一般情况下在词尾加"'s"。例如：
Kate's father Kate的爸爸
my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友
（2）. 如果复数名词以s结尾，只加"'"。例如：
Teachers' Day 教师节
The boys' game 男孩们的游戏
（3）. 如果复数名词不以s结尾，仍加"'s"。例如：
Children's Day 儿童节
Women's Day 妇女节
（4）. 表示两个或几个共有时，所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如：
Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间
Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸
动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s"，而常常用介词of的短语来表示。
a map of China 一幅中国地图
the name of her cat 她的猫的名字
a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片
the door of the bedroom 卧室的门
2. 祈使句
祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语，读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌，常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾时，please前多用逗号。
（1）. 祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。
Go and see. 去看看。
Come in, please. 请进。
（2）. 祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首。
Don't look at your books. 不要看书。
Don't play on the road. 不要在马路上玩。
3. There be 的句子结构
There be是一个"存在"句型，表示"有"的意思，
肯定句的形式为：There be + 名词（单数或复数）+地点状语或时间状语。
be动词单复数的确定，看be后边第一个名词，当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时，be动词形式为is；当所接主语为复数名词时，be动词为are；当be动词后接两个以上主语时，be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为"某地有某人或某物"。如：
There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。
There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。
（1）there be的否定句，即在be的后面加上not。
否定形式为：There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。
There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。
There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。
（2）there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首：Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语？肯定回答：Yes, there is / are. 否定回答：No, there isn't / aren't.
---Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有一只狗吗？
---Yes, there is. 有。
---Are there any boats in the river? 河里有船吗？
---No, there aren't. 没有。
（3）特殊疑问句：How many . . . are there (+地点状语)？"某地有多少人或物？"回答用There be . . .
There's one. / There are two / three / some . . .
有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . .
---How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生？
---There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一个。/有九个。
（4）如果名词是不可数名词，用：How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语？
How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水？
How much food is there in the bowl? 碗里有多少食物？赞同156| 评论
『伍』 初一英语上册7.8.9单元的单词以及语法聚焦
M7 一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作
当主语是第三人称单数时 一般现在时
肯定句 主语+动词单三+其他 否定句 主语+doesn't+动词原形+其他 一般疑问句 Does+主语+动词原形+其他 肯定回答 Yes，主语+does 否定回答 No，主语+doesn't 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 当主语不是第三人称单数时 肯定句 主语+动词原形+其他 否定句 主语+don't+动词原形+其他 一般疑问句 Do+主语+动词原形+其他 用错结构全句都错，一定要注意。
英语时间表达法巧记
我们一般在时间前加介词at 表示“在”。
若表示的时间不太确定，则可在其前面加上介词about或around表“大约”。
具体的表达法如下：
1、整点表达法：钟点数+o‘clock 译为“几点”
2、非整点表达法（1）顺读法：“钟点数+分钟数”译为“几点几分”
3、特殊表达法（使用名词① quarter 一刻钟 ②half 一半）
what about /how about +doing 、名词、人称代词 表示怎样
M8 频率副词
1.频率副词是表示与次数,频率有关的副词,如: always(总是), usually(通常),frequently（经常） often （经常）sometimes(有时), seldom(不常),rarely（极少），never（从不） once(一次), twice(两次)，等。 2.频率副词用在be动词后。 3.频率副词用在主要动词前。4.频率副词用在助动词与主要动词之间。5.在答句中,频率副词必须放在助动词前。
动词第三人称单数
1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为[s]，在浊辅音及元音后发音为 [z]。如：
①stop－stops [s] ; make－makes [s]
②read－reads [z] ; play－plays [z]
2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，要先将“y”变为“i”，然后在加“es”读[iz] 如：
fly－flies [z]； carry－carries [z]
study－studies [z]; worry－worries
3、以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的，在词尾加“es”，发音为[iz] 如：
teach－teaches [iz]; watch－watches [iz]
4、以“o”结尾的动词，加“es”，读[z] 如：
go－goes [z] do－does [z]
许多 大量
a (great/good) many +可数名词复数
a (large)number of + 可数名词复数
a few + 可数名词复数
a little +不可数名词
a large amount of + 不可数名词
a (great) deal of + 不可数名词
a lot of + 可数名词复数/不可数名词
plenty of + 可数名词复数/不可数名词
a (large) quantity of + 可数名词复数/不可数名词
应该就只有这麽多了
都自己打的，给点分吧
『陆』 九年级全一册英语，第14单元语法聚焦翻译。
七年级发生了什么特别的事情吗？
我们队赢得了学校篮球比赛。
自从进入初中以来，你有什么变化吗？
我的英语说的更好了。
你认为在高中事情会有什么不同呢？
我认为我将不得不为了考试而更加努力地学习。
你明年的计划是什么?
我将要参加学校排球队。
你对八年级有什么印象？
我记得我是一名志愿者。
你过去常做而现在不做的事是什么?
我以前上过舞蹈课，但现在不上了。
你期待的是什么?
我期待着上高中。
拓展资料：
英文语法中插入句为简短的、具有完整意义的句子。常见的插入句如下： I think / hope / guess / know / believe / suppose， I am sure （我可以肯定地说）， that is （ to say ）（也就是说）， it seems （看来是）， as I see it （照我看来）， what's more， what's worse， what is important / serious （重要 / 严重的是）， I'm afraid （恐怕） ， it is said （据说）， as we all know （众所周知）等。
插入句独立性强，一般用标点符号将其与其他句子成分隔开。应当特别注意疑问句的插入句，它一般为倒装语序且无任何标点符号，而且整个疑问句应当保持陈述语序。例如：
（ 1 ） What should I do first？
What do you think I should do first？ （被插入的疑问句原来为倒装语序，插入后成为陈述语序）
（ 2 ） Who is singing？
Who do you think is singing？ （被插入的疑问句原来就是陈述语序，不需要做调整）
『柒』 初一下册英语书上的语法聚焦
不能拍照 你就凑合着看专吧属
Unit2: Is there a supermarket? Yes,there is.
Where's the park? It's on Center Street.
Where's the hotel? It's across from the bank.
Where's the pay phone? It's next to the post office.
Where's the library? It's between the restaurant and the supermarket.
『捌』 七年级下册英语5单元语法焦点翻译
托福阅读考试离不开词汇的考核，下面小编整理了托福阅读考试的核心词汇，希望能帮助大家备考。
61.in favor of 赞同，支持
The artist was in favor of a traditional style of painting.
62.in quantity 大量，大批
There were also a number of poor-quality figurines and painted pots proced in quantity by easy, inexpensive means.
63.in season 当季
Before the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only in season.
64.in spite of 尽管，任凭
In spite of problems with their condition, restoration, and preservation many panel paintings have survived.
65.in the absence of 在缺乏…的情况下
The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities.
66.in view of 由于
In view of the rate at which the radio sources emit energy, they should disappear in a few million years.
67.instead of 代替
Instead of working with light, however, he worked with microwaves.
68.invest in 投资
He started to invest in the town’s cultural development.
69.lead to 导致，引起
In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves that will lead to biological devastation.
70.leave out 排除
Explanations of animal behavior that leave out any sort of consciousness at all and ascribe actions entirely to instinct leave many questions unanswered.
71.off the mark 不正确
This analogy is not far off the mark.
72.on behalf of 代表
Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of truth though rarely to any action on behalf of truth.
73. on the basis of 在…的基础上
Antoine Lavisher, on the basis of careful experimentation, was led to propose a different theory of burning
74.owing to 由于，因为
Marine sediment is by far the most important environment for the preservation of fossils, owing to the incredible richness of marine life.
75.perceive sth as sth 认为
Although art deco in its many forms was largely perceived as thoroughly modern, it was strongly influenced by the decorative arts movements that immediately preceded it.
76.pick up 学会
Alts make it as easy as they can for babies to pick up a language by exaggerating such cues.
77.put off 推迟
Some tasks could not be done in the winter, other had to be put off ring harvest time.
78.regardless of 不顾
Ultimately, literature is aesthetically valued, regardless of language, culture, or mode of presentation.
79.result from 因..而产生
Most functions result from the needs of the local area and of the surrounding.
80.result in 结果，导致
The upward movement of fieldstones should result in pure soil.
81.set about 开始，动手
African American artists of this period set about creating a new portrayal of themselves and their lives in the United States.
82. set aside 留下将来用
Certain parts of town were restricted to residential use, while others were set aside for instrial or commercial development.
83.so far 到目前为止
The Paris Exhibition of 1889 included both the widest span and the greatest height achieved so far.
84.sort out 把…分类
Clay particles are sorted out by size and weight.
85.spring up 涌现
In the early colonial day in North America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic Coastline.
86.stem from 起源于
It can be argued that much of New York City’s importance stems from its early and continuing advantage of situation.
87.stretch out 伸展，伸出
The resies from these explosions left huge black marks on the face of Jupiter, some of which have stretched out to form dark ribbons.
88.strive for 为…而奋斗
As they began to strive for social and cultural independence，their attitudes toward themselves changed.
89.take account of sth./take sth into account 考虑到
Artists are recognizing the distinction between public and private spaces, and taking that into account when executing their public commissions.
90.take advantage of 利用
Many families could take advantage of previously unavailable fruits, vegetables, and dairy procts to achieve more varied fare.