『壹』 初一，初二英语所有语法知识点，重点难点
初二英语知识点复习(总结版)
1.
take : 拿走
take sb. / sth. to someplace;
take sth. with you
bring: 带来
bring sth for a picnic
It’s going to rain, please take an umbrella with you.
You’d better finish your homework today and bring it to school tomorrow.
2.
keep + 名词 + 形容词
Keep the windows open, it’s hot here.
keep sb doing sth
I’m sorry I’ve kept you waiting for a long time.
keep表示“借”用于和一段时间连用：
How long can I keep this book?
3.
let / make / have sb do sth
让（使）某人干某事
Let’s go to the zoo!
How did he make the baby stop crying?
4.
forget to do sth
忘记去做某事
remember to do sth
记得去做某事
forget doing sth 忘记做过某事
remember doing sth
记得做过某事
5.
stop to do sth
停下来做另一件事情
stop doing sth
停止正在做的事情
stop sb from doing sth
阻止某人干某事
Let’s stop to have a test, it’s too hot today.
When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped talking.
We plant trees to stop the wind from blowing the earth away.
begin / start
to do sth
6.
tell / ask sb to do sth
否定形式 tell / ask sb not to do sth.
Policemen asked us not to play on the road , it was too dangerous.
Our P.E. teacher told us a story
yesterday.
7.
see / hear / watch sb do sth
see
/ hear /
watch sb doing sth
I heard him singing in the room when I passed by.
8.
enjoy sth ; enjoy doing sth ;
enjoy oneself = have a good time
Our classmates went to the zoo last Sunday. They enjoyed themselves.
9.
be busy with sth
;
be busy doing sth
They are all busy with their work.
10.
finish doing sth.
Tom didn’t go to bed until he finished writing the composition.
11.
want
sth
/
to do sth
/
sb to do sth
would like
sth
/
to do sth
/
sb to do sth
feel like doing sth.
He didn’t feel like eating anything.
12.
had better do sth
否定形式：
had better not do sth
You’d better not sing here, the baby is asleep.
13.
Why not do sth ?
=
why don’t you do sth ?
=
Why didn’t you do sth ?
Why not come with me?
14.
What about sth
/
what about doing sth ?
=
How about -----?
How about playing basketball with us?
15.
Thank you for sth /
Thanks for doing sth.
Thanks for your help.
------------
It’s a pleasure.
Thanks very much for helping me.
16.
instead往往放在句首或句尾
instead of sth
/
instead of doing sth.
通常放中间
He didn’t go to the park. He went to the cinema instead.
He went to the cinema instead of going to the park..
17.
put on
强调动作
wear 强调状态
in 介词，构成一个短词
Put on your old clothes tomorrow, because we’ll do some cleaning.
Kate is wearing a red sweater today.
The man in a blue suit is Mr. Li
18.
在if 引导的条件状语从句、以when , before, after , as soon as 引导的时间状语从句, 当主句是：一般将来时态、含情态动词或祈使句的情况下，从句用一般现在时表示将来时。
We’ll go hiking if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
it doesn’t rain
=
it isn’t rainy
I’ll tell her the good news as soon as I see her.
同样的情况还适用于not ---- until 句型
I won’t go to bed until I finish my homework.
19.
在以when
引导的时间状语从句, 当从句是一般过去时态时，主句往往用过去进行时,表示在过去的某一时刻正在发生或正在进行的动作：
They were having supper when I got to their home.
20.
It’s time for sth /
It’s time to do sth /
It’s time for sb to do sth.
It’s time for us to start our lesson now.
21.
It takes /
It took /
It will take
somebody some time to do something.
It took them twenty minutes to finish the cleaning.
It will take us about ten hours to finish our homework.
22.
it 作形式主语或形式宾语，其真正的主语或宾语是后面带to 的动词不定式:
It’s necessary to learn English well.
We found it difficult to work out the maths problems.
23.
too ----
to 句型,
too ---- for sb to
do sth ----，对某人来说太-----以致于不能-----
The apples on the
tree
are too high for me to reach.
Kate is too young to go to school.
24.
enough 用法：形前名后， big enough
;
enough food
----- enough to do sth
足够-------能够-------
Jim is old enough to go to school.
25.
little , a little 修饰不可数名词 ;
much 修饰不可数
few a few 修饰可数名词;
many 修饰可数
a little
a few 具有肯定含义little few 具有否定含义
some, any , a lot of = lots of 既可以 修饰不可数，也可以修饰可数名词；
There
is a little time left, take it easy.
We’d better go shopping ,there are few eggs left.
Mr. Little doesn’t have much money. （否定句中常用much而不用a lot of ）
26.
much too 中心词是too, 常修饰形容词,
It’s much too cold today,
we should wear warm clothes.
too much中心词是much, 常修饰不可数名词,
There’s too much water,
please be careful..
27.
有关情态动词的问答：
May I ------?
No, you can’t.
No, you mustn’t.
Must I /
we
-----?
No, you needn’t.
要注意could 和can的区别：could可表示语气的委婉，也表示过去的能力
Could you help me ?
Could she swim when she was four years old?
要注意must 和have to 的区别：must强调主观, have to 强调客观
要注意maybe和 may be的区别 ： maybe在句中作谓语
Maybe it’s here.
It may be here.
28.
不定代词：someone, anyone ; something , anything , nothing ; somebody , anybody, nobody.
Something常用于肯定句和表示请求的疑问句中 ， anything用于否定句中和疑问句中，not anything = nothing
;
without anything =
with nothing
Would you like something to eat?
I’d like Chinese tea with nothing in it .
形容词修饰不定代词要放在不定代词后面：
Be quiet! I have something important to tell you.
Is there anything interesting in today’s newspaper?
29.
反身代词: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves.
要记住：一、二人称用物主，第三人称用宾格， 复数self要变selves
和反身代词有关的一些词组：enjoy oneself.
= have a good time.
learn by oneself,
leave one by oneself
She had to teach her son herself.
I don’t need your help, I can do it myself.
30.
形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词：
What a strong wind!
It’s blowing strongly.
连系动词：be, feel, look, get,
turn , taste, smell, become,
+ 形容词作表语
31.
感叹句：What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词的单数形式+ 主语+ 谓语！
What+ 形容词+ 可数名词的复数形式 / 不可数名词+ 主语+ 谓语！
How + 形容词或副词 + 主语+ 谓语！
What a nice day it is !
What beautiful flowers they are!
How happily they are playing!
32.
反意疑问句：要注意前肯后否，前否后肯，要用be动词，助动词或情态动词来做，
要注意否定词：never, little, few, hardly ,nothing, nobody 等
祈使句的反意疑问句用：will you ?
以Let’s开头的反意疑问句用: shall we ?
She usually gets up at six, doesn’t she?
There’s little water in the bottle, is there?
Please take these
books to the office, will you?
You have never been to New York, have you?
33.
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级：要注意比较级和最高级的构成:
规则变化: 要双写的：big, fat, thin, red,
不规则变化：good,
bad,
far,
ill,
比较级用在：than ，
a little + ，
much + ,
最高级用在：
of all, of the three, in his class, in the world等表示有范围的短语中，
one of + 最高级 + 可数名词的复数
34.
以so 引导的倒装句：表示-----也一样，也如此，前后主语要不一致，要通过be动词、助动词、情态动词来做:
I reached home at 9:00, so did my brother.
Canadians eat a lot of beef, so do Chinese people.
35.
either---or----, neither ---- nor ----
连接两个主语，谓语动词采用就近原则；
Either of ----或 Neither of ------谓语动词用单数；
Both of
------或 both
---- and -----谓语动词用复数
Both of them are Chinese.
Neither of them is Australian.
Neither Jim nor I am American.
『贰』 初二英语知识点有哪些，语法有哪些
Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?
go on vacation去度假
stay at home待在家里
go to the mountains去爬山
go to the beach去海滩
visit museums 参观博物馆
go to summer camp去参观夏令营
quite a few相当多
study for为……而学习
go out出去
most of the time大部分时间
taste good尝起来很好吃
have a good time玩得高兴
of course当然
feel like给……的感觉；感受到
go shopping去购物
in the past在过去
walk around四处走走
because of因为
one bowl of… 一碗……
the next day第二天
drink tea喝茶
find out找出；查明
go on继续
take photos照相
something important重要的事
up and down上上下下
come up出来
buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.为某人买某物
taste + adj. 尝起来……
look+adj. 看起来……
nothing…but+动词原形
除了……之外什么都没有
seem+（to be）+ adj. 看起来……
arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点
到达某地 decide to do sth.决定去做某事
try doing sth.尝试做某事 / try to do sth.尽力去做某事
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事/ forget to do sth.忘记做某事
enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事
want to do sth.想去做某事
start doing sth.开始做某事
stop doing sth. 停止做某事
dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事
keep doing sth.继续做某事
Why not do. sth.?为什么不做……呢？
so+adj.+that+从句
如此……以至于……
tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事
Unit2 How often do you exercise?
help with housework帮助做家务
on weekends在周末
how often多久一次
hardly ever几乎从不
once a week每周一次
twice a month每月两次
every day每天
be free有空
go to the movies去看电影
use the Internet用互联网
swing dance摇摆舞
play tennis打网球
stay up late熬夜；睡得很晚
at least至少
have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈课和钢琴课
go to bed early早点睡觉
play sports进行体育活动
be good for对……有好处
go camping去野营
not…at all一点儿也不……
in one’s free time在某人的业余时间
the most popular最受欢迎的
such as比如；诸如
old habits die hard积习难改
go to the dentist去看牙医
morn than多于；超过
less than少于
help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事
How about…? ......怎么样？/ ……好不好？
want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事
How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句？ …有多少…?
主语+find+that从句. ……发现……
spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光
It’s+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事的……的。
ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事
by doing sth. 通过做某事
What’s your favorite……?你最喜爱的……是什么？
the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式
『叁』 初二英语几个重点语法
一. 知识点总结：
（一）
一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。
be going to do （动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain.
will do 结构表示将来的用法：
1. 表示预见
Do you think it will rain?
You will feel better after a good rest.
2. 表示意图
I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.
What will she do tomorrow?
基本构成如下：
一般疑问句构成：
（1）will+主语+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?
（2）there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …?
Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won’t
否定句构成：will + not （won’t）+do
Sarah won’t come to visit me next Sunday.
特殊疑问句构成：
特殊疑问词＋will＋主语＋…？What will Sarah do next Sunday?
根据例句，用will改写下列各句
例：I don’t feel well today. （be better tomorrow）
I’ll be better tomorrow.
1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight）
_____________________________
2. I’m tired now. （sleep later）
_____________________________
3. My parents need a new car. （buy one soon）
_____________________________
4. We can’t leave right now. （leave a little later）
_____________________________
5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow）
_____________________________
答案：1. She’ll have a lot of homework tonight.
2. I’ll sleep later.
3. They’ll buy one soon.
4. We’ll leave a little later.
5. Maybe it’ll be better tomorrow.
（二）should的用法：
should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在should后边加not.
例如：I think you should eat less junk food.
我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。
She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot.
她经常开车，很少走路。所以我认为她应该多走路。
Students shouldn’t spend too much time playing computer games.
学生们不应当花太多的时间玩计算机游戏。
学习向别人提建议的几种句式：
（1）I think you should…
（2）Well, you could…
（3）Maybe you should …
（4）Why don’t you…?
（5）What about doing sth.?
（6）You’d better do sth.
用should或shouldn’t填空
1. I can’t sleep the night before exams.
You ______ take a warm shower before you go to bed.
2. Good friends ______ argue each other.
3. There is little milk in the glass. We _______ buy some.
4. They didn’t invite you? Maybe you ______ be friendlier.
5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I _______ do exercises every day.
答案：1. should 2. shouldn’t 3. should 4. should 5. should
（三）
过去进行时
过去进行时表示过去某一点时间正在进行的动作或者过去某一段时间内一直进行的动作。
1. 构成
was /were + doing，例如：
I was watching TV at 9 o’clock last night.
at 9 o’clock last night是时间点
They were playing football all afternoon.
all afternoon是时间段
2. 过去进行时的标志词
at 8 o’clock last night, this time yesterday等。例如：
I was having lunch at home this time yesterday.
昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。
At that time she was writing a book.
那阵子她在写一本书。（表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。）
用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. This time yesterday I ____ ______（read）books.
2. At 9 o’clock last Sunday they ______ ______（have）a party.
3. When I _____（come）into the classroom, she ________ ______（read）a storybook.
4. She _____ ______（play）computer games while her mother ____ ______（cook）yesterday afternoon.
5. I _____ ______（have）a shower when you _______（call）me yesterday.
答案：1. was reading 2. were having 3. came; was reading
4. was playing; was cooking 5. was having; called
（四）
间接引语
形成步骤：
（1）不要逗号，冒号，引号
（2）要考虑到人称的变化（人称的变化与汉语是一致的）
（3）要考虑时态的变化
（4）要考虑时间状语、地点状语和语示代词的变化。
1. 直接引语变成间接引语时，几个主要时态的变化规律
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
一般将来时 过去将来时
现在进行时 过去进行时
2. 直接引语变成间接引语时，一些词汇的变化规律
直接引语
1. am / is
2. are
3. have / has
4. will
5. can
6. may 间接引语
1. was
2. were
3. had
4. would
5. could
6. might
用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. She said I _____（be）hard-working.
2. Peter told me he _____（be）bored yesterday.
3. She said she _____（go）swimming last Sunday.
4. Bobby said he _____（may）call me later.
5. Antonio told me he _____（read）a book then.
答案：1. was 2. was 3. went 4. might 5. was reading
请转述他人说的话：
1. I go to the beach every Saturday. （Tom）
2. I can speak three languages. （Lucy）
3. I will call you tomorrow. （Mike）
4. I’m having a surprise party for Lana. （she）
（五）
if引导的条件状语从句
结构：if＋一般现在时，主语＋将来时
含义：如果……，将要……
例如：If you ask him, he will help you.
如果你请求他，他会帮助你。
If need be, we’ll work all night.
如果需要，我们就干个通宵。
根据中文提示，完成句子。
1. 如果你参加聚会，你将会过得很开心。
If you ________ the party, you __________.
2. 如果明天下雨，我们将不去野餐。
If it __________ tomorrow, we ___________.
3. 如果你经常听英文歌，你将会喜欢英语的。
If you often ________, you _________________.
答案：
1. If you go to the party, you will have a good time
2. If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go to the picnic
3. If you often listen to English songs, you’ll like English
二. 完形填空特点及解题思路
（一）题型分类与特点
完形填空试题是在给出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干个词，留下一些空格，要求考生借助短文保留的部分，从所给的短文整体出发，在正确理解短文意思的基础上，根据句子和句子间的内在联系、词的用法和习惯搭配等，用适当的词或词语填空，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。这种题型测试的内容从形式上看是单词或短语的填空，但它必须注意到短文中上、下文意思连贯、词语搭配和语法结构正确，所以在空格上所填的词必须符合语义适用和语法正确两条原则，只考虑某一侧面都可能导致错误。中考中完形填空试题的基本题型分两类：完形填空选择题和完形填空题。
1. 完形填空选择题：该题型的特点是将一篇短文中若干词语抽掉留下空格，对每一空格提供若干个选择项，要求考生通读短文后，在理解短文意思的基础上，运用所学的词汇、句型、语法等语言知识，从所提供的备选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文内容完整正确。中考完形填空主要以这种题型为主。它所给的短文一般与初中英语教材难易程度相当，字数在150－200个单词之内，多数设置10个左右空格，所设考点涉及词汇、语法及对短文内容的理解。短文的第一句一般不设空，以期提供一个语境，对每一空格设置的选项基本都属于相同或对等的词类，给判定选择带来一定的干扰，侧重考查了考生准确运用词汇的能力及对短文的整体理解和逻辑推理能力。
2. 选词填空题：该题型的特点是把抽出的词打乱顺序，不按原文顺序排列，放在短文前面或后面的方框内，有时还增加几个文外的词，要求考生从中选出适当的词以正确的形式填入短文空格内。
（A）
Jack wanted to ask for two days off, 1 he had only learnt the phrase （短语）“have a day off”. He 2 , then he had an idea. “Grandmother is ill. May I have a day off, 3 ? ”he asked the teacher. “Of course, you can. ”replied （答复）the teacher at once. After a while, the boy came to 4 at the teacher’s door. “May I have a day off 5 ? ”The teacher was very surprised, “Didn’t you 6 it just now? ”“Yes, sir. But I can’t be here 7 , either. ”The teacher understood him and could not help 8 . Then he said with a smile, “Why didn’t you say‘May I have two days off? ’”The boy answered quickly 9 a loud voice. “But you only 10 us‘have a day off! ’”
（ ）1. A. but B. and C. or D. for
（ ）2. A. thought hardly
B. thought hard and hard
C. hard thought
D. thought and thought
（ ）3. A. Miss B. sir C. teacher D. Mr
（ ）4. A. strike B. best C. hit D. knock
（ ）5. A. also B. again C. too D. once
（ ）6. A. speak B. tell C. say D. do
（ ）7. A. tomorrow
B. the day after tomorrow
C. yesterday
D. the day before yesterday
（ ）8. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughed D. laughing
（ ）9. A. with B. on C. in D. by
（ ）10. A. teach B. taught C. are teaching D. were teaching
（B）
请根据内容从所给的15个单词中选出最恰当的10个填入空白处，使短文完整，有些词要根据需要作适当的词形变化。
than, so, tell, us, them, report, beause, love, composition, understand, to, that, much, for, what
A generation gap （代沟）has become a serious problem. I read a _______（1）about it in the newspaper. Some children have killed _______（2）after quarrels （争吵）with parents. I think this is _______（3）they don’t have a good talk with each other. Parents now spend _______（4）time in the office. _______（5）they don’t have much time to stay with their children. As time passes, they both feel _______（6）they don’t have the same topics（话题）to talk about. I want to _______（7）parents to be more with your children, get to know them and understand them. And for children, show your feeling _______（8）your parents. They are the people who _______（9）you. So tell them your thoughts （想法）. In this way, you can have a better _______（10）of each other.
完形填空选择题的一般解题思路是：
1. 跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。先跳过空格，通读试题所给的要完形填空的短文，获得整体印象，做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨，较好地把握短文大意。要在阅读理解短文意思的基础上才开始判定选择，切忌仓促下笔。
2. 结合选项、综合考虑、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基础上，再结合所给备选项细读全文，联系上、下文内容，注意从上、下文的语法结构和词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题的提示，以词、句的意义为先，再从分析句子结构入手，根据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑，对备选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛选，排除干扰项、初步选定答案。
3. 瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破。动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。对比较明显直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能确定答案的，先跳过这一空格，继续往下做，最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点。这时可结合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文，随着对短文理解的深入，可以降低试题的难度，提高选择的正确率。
4. 复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏。完成各道题选择后，把所选的答案代入原文，再把全文通读一篇，逐空认真复查。看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确，是否符合习惯表达法。如发现错误答案或有疑问的，应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正。
完形填空试题的一般解题思路是：
1. 跳过空格、通读短文、了解大意。解题时先跳过空格，通读完形填空的短文，了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文主题及大意。
2. 复读短文、确定语义、判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。
3. 三读短文、上下参照、验证答案。在短文的每一空白处填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。把所填的答案放入短文中进行检验，可从上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。
（三）课文阅读指导
1. 初中阅读
阅读理解能力
（1）理解主旨要义
（2）理解文中具体信息
（3）根据上下文猜测生词的意义
（4）做出简单判断的推理
（5）理解文章的基本结构
（6）理解作者的意图和态度
2. 培养良好阅读习惯
（1）扩大视距
（2）克服声读
（3）克服逐字读
3. 猜测词文
（1）通过标题或主题句进行预测
（2）文章的标题或主题句可包括作者的意图和倾向、篇章的总体意义和深层意义，因此通过文章标题或主题句进行预测，以便正确理解。
（3）通过语篇标记进行预测
（4）语篇标记包括关联词、转换词也包括其他关键词。
（5）利用背景知识预测
（6）利用图片进行预测
『肆』 八年级英语语法考点
下边的那位太不厚道了，我讨厌别人复制
新目标八年级下册中考考点链接
【课本要点】there will be … 将有……（P2）
【中考聚焦】Do you know there will __________ English party this Friday. (2006 贵州铜仁)
A. have an B. hold an C. is an D. be an
【考点点拨】D。“There will be …”，是There be结构的一般将来时，表示“……将有……”，相当于There is/are going to be …。根据题意“你知道这个星期五将有一个英语聚会吗？”和关键信息there will可直接选出正确答案为D。
【课本要点】 be able to do … 能/可以做…….（P6）
【中考聚焦】I am afraid that I _________ finish the task in such a short time. Could you help me, please? (2006福建厦门)
A. can B. am not able to C. am going to
【考点点拨】B。be able to意为“能；会”，相当于情态动词，后面接动词原形，其否定形式是在be后加not。根据后句题意“你能帮助我吗”可知“我担心自己不能在这么段的时间完成这项任务”可选B。
【课本要点】 …. the same … as ……与……一样（P8）
【中考聚焦】Mrs Green gave birth to Lucy and Lily in 1992. They’re twin sisters. (改为同义句)
Lucy is the _________ age _________ Lily. (2006江苏盐城)
【考点点拨】same, as。the same … as是be different from的反义词组，本题由上句“They’re twin sisters”可推知Lucy和Lily年龄相同，所以填same, as。
【课本要点】 for example （P8）
【中考聚焦】Teenagers have all kinds of dreams. _________, some students would like to go to the moon some day. (2006吉林长春)
A. After all B. At once C. In fact D. For example
【考点点拨】D。for example意为“例如”，用来举例说明某一论点或情况，一般只举同类人或物中的“一个/些”为例，作插入语，可位于句首，句中或句末。分析比较四个选项，分别意为“毕竟”、“立刻；马上”、“事实上”、“例如”，根据题意“青少年有各种各样的梦，例如一些学生想有一天能去月球”可选出正确答案为D。
【课本要点】 It’s … to do …（P8）
【中考聚焦】It' s a good habit _______ breakfast every day. （2006陕西省）
A. had B. have C. has D. to have
【考点点拨】D。动词不定式用作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把动词不定式放在后面，构成“It’s +adj./n. +to do…”句式，这样可以使句子避免头重脚轻。就本题而言，由关键词it’s即可确定正确答案为D。
【课本要点】 there be … doing …（P8）
【中考聚焦】-Is Jim at home by himself?
-No. There’s another boy _________ with him. (2004江苏扬州)
A. playing B. play C. plays D. to play
【考点点拨】A。There be sb./sth. doing sth.句式是“there be +主语+地点状语”的变体，在主语后面加动词的-ing形式，表示该动词的动作目前或现阶段正在进行，可译为“有某人或某物正在做某事”。本题由语境“还有另一个男孩和他（在家）玩”可选出正确答案为A。
【课本要点】 would like to do … 想要做…… （P8）
【中考聚焦】Would you like _________ swimming with me? (2005湖南常德)
A. go B. going C. to go D. goes
【考点点拨】C。would like意为“想要、愿意”，用来表示意愿，相当于want，但比want语气委婉，后面要接动词不定式。故选C。
【课本要点】want sb. to do … 想要某人做…… （P10）
【中考聚焦】You are so busy. What do you want me ________ for you? (2006重庆市实验区)
A. do B. done C. to do D. doing
【考点点拨】C。want sb. to do …表示“想要某人做某事”，其中动词不定式在句中作宾语补足语。本题中的四个选项是do 的四种形式，根据题意“你太忙了，你想让我为你做什么？”可选出正确答案为C。
【课本要点】 pay for … 付款/赔偿……（P12）
【中考聚焦】How much did you pay for the sweater? (词语释义) (2006遵义市)
A. cost B. spend on C. take
【考点点拨】B。划线部分pay for是“花费”的意思，主语为人，三个选项也都可以表示“花费”，区别是：cost的主语是物；spend的主语是人，take常用于It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 句型，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。故正确答案为B。
【课本要点】 No, I don’t think so. 不，我不这样认为。（P12）
【中考聚焦】-Excuse me, is this seat taken?
-___________.That man got his books and left a few minutes ago. (2005江西省课改实验区)
A. I’m afraid so B.I don’t think so C.I don’t know D.I hope not
【考点点拨】B。I don’t think so是表达个人看法的用语，多用在表示不同意别人的观点，其肯定形式是“I think so”，意为”我认为如此”。根据语境可知B选项为正确答案，而其它的三个选项都不符合题意。注意如果A选项是I’m afraid not.也对）
【课本要点】 tell sb. to do …告诉某人做……（P13）
【中考聚焦】-My parents always tell me _________ others late at night.
-They’re right. It’s not polite. (2006福建福州课改区)
A. call B. not call C. to call D. not to call
【考点点拨】D。tell sb. to do …表示“告诉某人做……”，其否定形式是直接在动词不定式to do 前加not表示“告诉某人不要做……”。由下文“他们是对是，那是不礼貌的”可知“父母总是告诉我在晚上不要给别人打电话”，故选D
【课本要点】 find out … 查明……（P14）
【中考聚焦】I’ll have a meeting in Shanghai tomorrow. Would you mind _________ the time for all the flights to Shanghai for me? (2006南宁市课改区)
A. looking for B. looking after C. finding out D. finding
【考点点拨】C。分析四个选项，look for意为“寻找”，look after意为“照料、照看”，find out意为“查明、弄清楚”，指通过观察、探索而发现事实的真相，而find意为“找到”。根据题意“我明天在上海将有一个会议，你介意为我查一下去上海的航班吗？”可选出正确答案为C。
【课本要点】get on well 相处得好……（P15）
【课本要点】【中考聚焦】Good manners usually help people to __________ each other. (2006黑龙江哈尔滨)
A. get on well with B. get started C. get together
【考点点拨】A。get on well是“相处得好”，与get along well同义，表示“与……相处得好”时，要在后面加介词with。根据题意“好的礼仪通常帮助人们彼此相处得很好”可选出正确答案为A。
【课本要点】 not … until … 直到……才……（P16）
【中考聚焦】-It’s 10 o’clock now. I must go.
-It’s raining outside. Don’t leave _____ it stops. (2006湖北孝感)
A. when B. since C. while D. until
【考点点拨】D。本题四个选项都可以引导时间状语从句，由关键词don’t可选出正确答案为D。not … until意为“直到……才……”，用来引导时间状语时，从句不能用一般将来时。
【课本要点】 see .... doing … 看见……做……（P16）
【中考聚焦】-Where’s Mr. Yu, do you know?
-Well, it’s hard to say. But I saw him ________ a football game just now. (2006河南省课改区)
A. was watching B. watching C. had watched D. watched
【考点点拨】B。see sb. doing sth.表示“看见某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行；而see sb. do sth.表示“看见某人做过某事”，强调动作的全过程。由题意“我刚才看见他正在看足球赛”可选B。
【课本要点】find it … to do … 发现做…..是……的（P16）
【中考聚焦】I find ________ difficult to finish the work on time. We only have three hours left. (2006吉林长春)
A. it B. that C. its D. this
【考点点拨】A。 “find+ it+形容词+to do sth.”表示”发现做某事是……的”，其中it是形式宾语，而正在宾语的是后面的动词不定式，形容词在句中作宾语补足语。由关键信息find和diffiuclt to finish可确定正确答案为A。
【课本要点】 take place …. 发生……（P22）
【中考聚焦】Great changes _________ the last three years. （2005湖北黄冈）
A. have taken place B. have been taken place
C. have happened D. have been happened
【考点点拨】A。happen和take place都可以表示“发生”，其区别是：前者往往带有偶然的意味；如果表示“某人发生了什么事或某物发生了什么情况”时，用happen to sb./ sth；而后者常用于表示某些历史事件或会议等按意图、计划的发生。认真分析题意，由“发生的变化”是“有计划的”，可排除C、D选项；因tale place没有被动语态，故正确答案是A。
【课本要点】be supposed to do … 应该做……（P28）
【中考聚焦】To keep safe, everyone _________ to wear a seat belt in the car. (2006辽宁十一课改区)
A. is supposed B. supposes C. supposed D. will suppose
【考点点拨】A。be supposed to的意思是“应该做某事”、“被期望做某事”，其后接动词原形，相当于be expected to do sth.；用在否定句中表示命令、禁止，意为“不准做某事”。四个选项是suppose的四种形式，根据题意“为了保持安全，乘车时每个人都应该戴上安全带”可选出正确答案为A。
【课本要点】 be good at/ do well in … 擅长……；在……方面做得好（P29）
【中考聚焦】The tallest boy does well in playing table tennis. (词语释义) (2006河北遵义)
A. is good at B. is interested in C. likes
【考点点拨】A。be good at与do well in同义，都是“在……方面好；擅长；善于”的意思，后面接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。比较选项可直接选A。
【课本要点】Don’t do …. 不要做……（P36）
【中考聚焦】_________ drive so fast! It’s dangerous. (2006重庆江津)
A. Not B. Don’t C. No
【考点点拨】B。Don’t do …是否定形式的祈使句，用来表示“不要做……”。本题由关键信息“It’s very dangerous.”可知“你不要开车太快”，故正确答案为B。
【课本要点】 Me, too.（P36）
【中考聚焦】-I’ll go to the West Lake this weekend. What about you?
- . Let's go together. （2006江苏盐城）
A. No, I won’t B. I won’t go C. Me, too D. Sorry, I'm busy
【考点点拨】C。“Me, too.”表示“我也是”，用来表达和对方相同的想法或做法的常用语。根据题意“我将这个周末将去西湖，你呢？”“我也是，让我们一起吧！”可选出正确答案为C。
【课本要点】 too much… 太多的……（P39）
【中考聚焦】Health is very important to us. We should eat more vegetables and fruit instead of __________ rich food. (2006黑龙江哈尔滨)
A. too much B. much too C. very much
【考点点拨】A。too much意为“太多”，用来修饰不可数名词；而much too的含义是“（实在）太……”，用来修饰形容词和副词。分析比较三个选项，由题中的关键信息rich food可知正确答案为A。
【课本要点】Would you mind doing …? 你介意做……吗？（P52）
【中考聚焦】-Would you mind my smoking here?
-__________ It’s not allowed here. (2006河北遵义)
A. Of course not. B. Better not. C. Yes, please.
【考点点拨】B。表示有礼貌的请求时常用“Would you mind…?”句式，用以询问“你介意…吗？”，请求对方不要做某事，用Would you mind + not doing sth?。同意(不介意)对方做某事时，常用的回答有No, please. / Certainly not. / No, not at all. / Of course not；不同意（介意）对方做某事时，常用的回答有Sorry, but I do. / Yes, you’d better not.。故本题选B。需要注意的是，mind后面接动词时应用动词-ing形式，如：
Would you mind ________ more slowly? I can’t follow you. (2006吉林省课改区)
A. speak B. spoke C. spoken D. speaking （答案为D）
【课本要点】 turn down 关小/调低……（P54）
【中考聚焦】 Kate, could you _________ the radio a bit? Your father is sleeping now. (2006安徽省课改区)
A. turn down B. turn off C. turn up D. turn on
【考点点拨】A。turn down意为“开小一点、调低”，通常指把收音机的音量等开小或调低，其反意词组是turn up，表示“开大、调高” ；而turn off意为“关掉”，通常指关住电灯、煤气或其他家用电器等，与turn on互为反义词。根据由下文“你的父亲正在睡觉”可排除C、D；另由a bit可舍B选A。需要注意的是，这些短语都属于“动词+副词”型，后面接名词或代词作宾语；若宾语是代词时，要把代词置于它们之间。
【课本要点】that’s no problem. 没有问题。（P54）
【中考聚焦】-Would you please bring your CDs bought in HongKong to me tomorrow? I’d like to have a look.
-_________. I will introce something to you. (2006包头课改区)
A. Not at all B. No problem C. No way D. Never mind
【考点点拨】B。That’s no problem.还可以说成No problem.，意为“没问题”，用来接受他人的请求。四个选项分别意为“一点也不”、“没问题”、“决不”、“不介意”，结合题意“明天把你在香港买的CDs给我带来，好吗？我想看一看。”可知正确答案为B。
【课本要点】too … to … 太……而不能……（P63）
【中考聚焦】-This box is ________ heavy for me to carry. Can you help me?
-Certainly. (2006 湖北武汉课改区) 。
A. so B. much C. very D. too
【考点点拨】D。too…to …从形式上看是肯定的，但表达的却是否定的意义，意为“太……而不能”，其中第一个too的后面接形容词或副词的原形，而第二个to的后面接动词原形，构成动词不定式。本题由关键信息to carry可排除A、B、C，选D。题意为“这个箱子太重了，我搬不动”。
【课本要点】 take care of … 照顾/照料……（P64）
【中考聚焦】“Jenny, please _________ your young sister carefully.” “OK, Mum.” (2006贵阳课改区)
A. take after B. take care of C. take from
【考点点拨】B。四个选项都含有take，分别意为“象”、“照看”、“减少,；降低”，根据题意“Jenny，请仔细地照看好你的妹妹”可知正确答案为B。
【课本要点】 Why don’t you do …? 为什么不做……？（P66）
【中考聚焦】Why don’t you join us in the game? (词语释义) (2006内蒙古赤峰)
A. What not B. Why not C. Why to D. How to
【考点点拨】B。why don’t you do…是“你为什么不做……？”的意思，相当于why not，后面接动词时要用动词原形。故本题可直接选B。
【搜索】（P67）
【中考聚焦】-What about having a drink?
-_________. (20063青海省)
A. Good idea B. Help yourself C. Me, too
【考点点拨】A。What about doing …?意思是“做……怎么样？”，常用来提建议，肯定回答多用good idea/all right等。分析比较三个选项，可选A。
【课本要点】have been to … 到过……（P68）
【中考聚焦】-I _________ Fujian Museum twice. How about you?
-Never. I hop to visit it soon. (2006福建福州课改区)
A. have gone B. have been to C. have gone D. have been
【考点点拨】B。have / has been to表示“曾经去过某地，现已回到说话处”；have / has gone to表示“已经去了某地，现在不在说话处”。由关键词twice可知题意为“我去过两次加拿大”，故正确答案为B。因为Fujian Museum是专有名词，to不能省略，所以D错误。
【课本要点】have been done … 已经做过……（P70）
【中考聚焦】China’s sport stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang _____ Goodwill Ambassadors(亲善大使) for Shanghai. (2006江苏徐州)
A. has been named B. have been named C. has name D. have named
【考点点拨】B。现在完成时的被动语态的构成为“助动词have/ has+been+及物动词的过去分词”。由题意“中国的体育明星姚明和刘翔已被命名为上海的亲善大使”可知be named 意思是“被命名为”，时态为现在完成时。故选B。
【课本要点】 I hope so. 我希望如此。（P77）
【中考聚焦】-Do you think it will be cool tomorrow?
-_________. It has been too hot for a week. (2006湖南衡阳)
A. I hope so B. I’m afraid so C. I hope not
【考点点拨】A。四个选项都含有so，分别意为“我希望如此”、“我担心是这样的”、“我希望不是这样”，根据下文“一周来天气真是太热了”可知“我希望明天会凉快些”，故选A。
【课本要点】 What do you think of …? 你认为……怎么样？（P79）
【中考聚焦】-What do you ________ your hometown?
-I love it very much. (2006湖南长沙)
A. look at B. talk about C. think of
【考点点拨】C。What do you think of …?意为“你认为……怎么样？”，用来询问对方对某人或某事的看法或观点。其中think of是“想起；认为”的意思，后面接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
由答语“我非常喜欢它”可知上句是询问你对你的家乡的看法，故正确答案为C。
『伍』 八年级英语语法总结
呵呵 希望对你有所帮助 祝楼主进步哈 记得采纳O(∩_∩)O哈！
Unit 1 How often do you exercise?
Grammar: 特殊疑问句：wh-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom等。
特殊疑问句的构成及用法：
结构：特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句， 即：特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语（+其他）
疑问代词：
1) Who:谁。做主语，用来指人 Who is the boy under the tree?
2）Whom 谁，做宾语，用来指人 Whom are you writing to?
3) Whose 谁的，用来指所属关系，如果做定语，一般后接名词 Whose pen is this?
4) Which 哪个，哪些，用来指对人或物在一定范围之内进行选择 Which grils will in the sports meeting? Which pen is Lily’s?
5)What什么，通常指物，也可指人，一般用在没有指出范围的情况下 What can you see in the picture? What are you doing now?
疑问副词：
When:何时，询问时间 When will she come back?
Where何地，询问地点， Where do you come from?
Why为什么，询问原因， Why are you late for school?
How 如何，询问手段、方式、工具以及程度等 How do you usually go to school?
How old多大，询问年龄，How old is Jim’s little brother?
How many/much多少，询问数量 How many birds are there in the tree?
How far多远，询问距离， How far is it form your home to school?
How long多长，多久，询问时间的长度或距离 How long will you stay in Beijing?
How often多长时间按一次，询问频率 How often do you go to see your grandparents?
How soon多久，询问时间 How soon will you come back?
频率副词：表示动作发生的频率，never, sometimes, often, usually, always.
Unit 2 What’s the matter with you?
Grammar:
1. 用have 来描述身体不适 have/have got a +疾病名字；得了……病
2.情态动词should,情态动词should,can, may, must没有人称和时态的变化，后接动词原形
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
Grammar:现在进行时表将来 一般将来时
表示将要做某事或计划打算做某事要用到句型“be+doing”其中be是助动词，它有人称和单复数的变化。Be: am, is, are. be + v.ing是现在进行时的形式，但用于表示将来。用进行时表将来，常用于表示即将来临的未来预定要做的事情，一般指个人计划要做的事。用于此情况的动词一般是表示位置转移的动词，如，go, come, leave, start, arrive, move等。
一．肯定句中，结构为“be+doing.”
I am going shopping this afternoon.
二．否定句是在be之后加not. I’m not going to shopping this afternoon.
三．一般疑问句是将be置于句首 Are you going shopping this afternoon?—Yes, I am/ we are. No, I’m not./ We aren’t.
四．特殊疑问句“疑问词+一般疑问句语序。”
What are you doing for vacation? When is he going camping?
Who are you going there with? Where is she going?
Unit 4 How do you get to school?
Grammar: How引导的特殊疑问句：是指以How, how far, how long, how old,how many, how much等词开头的疑问句。
How does he get to shool?---- He takes the train to get to shool.
How long does it take to walk? ----It takes about 35 minutes to walk.
How far is it from your home to school? It’s four miles from my home to school.
How old is he now? She is twelve years old now.
How many storybooks do you have? I have five storybooks.
How much is this coat? This coat is 200 yuan.
特殊疑问句的简略结构：how about…?+ 名词或动词-ing形式，用于提出建议、请求或征求意见、询问消息等。如：How about playing tennis?
Unit 5 Can you come to my party?
Grammar:情态动词can及邀请句式及其问答
情态动词can的用法：
Can 是最长用的情态动词，其后跟动词原形，can的否定形式为cannot，can’t.
can表“能力”，意思是：能，会 I can paly basketball,but I can’t swim.
can表示能力时可和be able to 互换，be able to有更多的时态，常被用来表示can所 不能表示的将来或完成的概念。E.g. They will be able to run this machine on their own in three months.
表示“可能性”，意思是：可以，可能。That big cinema can seat 5,000 people.
表示允许，意思是可以能够 You can have the book when I have finished it.
表示“惊讶、不相信等（用于疑问句、否定句或感叹句中”。意思是“会、可能。”
This can’t be true. Can it be true?
如何发出、接受和谢绝别人的邀请
表达邀请的常用句型：
Can you come to…?
Could you come to…?
Would you like to come to…?
Do you want to come to…?
接受邀请的常用句型：
Sure. Certainly. OK. I’d love to.
谢绝邀请的常用句型：
I’m sorry, I can’t. I have to…
I’m afraid I can’t. I have to…
I don’t think I can. I have to…
Unit 6 I’m more outgoing than my sister.
Grammar:形容词的比较级
规则变化、不规则变化（课本P93）
than 是比较级中最常见的标志词，意思是“比”。用于引出比较的对象。1.He draws better than me.2.You’re older than I am. You are older than me.
形容词比较级前，有时可以用much,far, a little,a bit, even, three times等词来修饰。Much 和far表示“……得多”,much better好得多，a little, a bit表示稍微，一些，一点。a little shorter, 稍微矮点；even表示“甚至，更加，还要……”even bigger还要大些，three times表示 “…三倍”，如three times bigger than 比……大三倍
Very绝不可以用来修饰比较级，very,so,too, quite 修饰原级
Unit 7 How do you make banana milk shake?
Grammar: 可数名词与不可数名词
一．可数名词
英语中的物质名词大体上可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词指物体的数量可数。其单数形式可在名词前加a或an,表示一个，如a pear. 其负数形式要在词尾加-s,或-es（特殊情况除外），如two bananas, three tomatoes. Many many apples a few students few bags
二．不可数名词
1.不可数名词指物体的数量不可数。不可数名词没有单复数之分，也不能在词前直接加冠词a 或an.表示不可数名词的数量时可在不可数名词前加相应的由量词构成的短语。如a bag of… 2.常见的量词短语有：
a piece of… a cup of… a teaspoon of… a bottle of…
3.不可数名词还可以用下面的词表示数量：much much rain a little little
4.既可以修饰不可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词的词有：
Lots of= a lot of许多，大量 some一些（用于肯定句）any一些（用于否定句和一般疑问句）
Unit 8 How was your school trip?
Grammar:
一般过去时：指在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去意义的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last year(week,month…),two years ago, in2006等。有时也可用when,after,before, as soon as引导的时间状语从句。该时态在句中的体现是谓语动词用过去式。谓语be动词→was/were 否定：wasn’t /weren’t
Be动词句型
一般疑问句：was/were +主语…
特殊疑问句：疑问词+was/were+主语
陈述句：主语+was/were+…(肯定句) 否定句：主语+wasn’t/weren’t+…
行为动词句型（当句中的动词为行为动词时，要借助动词did构成一般疑问句和否定句）
肯定式：主语+动词过去式
否定式：主语+didn’t+动词原形
一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形
特殊疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形
Unit 9 When was he born?
Grammar: 一般过去时的特殊疑问句
一般过去时的特殊疑问句的变法同一般现在时一样，不同之处在于须将be动词或助动词改为过去时态，即“特殊疑问词+were或was(第三人称单数)+主语+（表语）+其他成分”或“特殊疑问词+助动词did+主语+实义动词+其他成分。”
以when引导的特殊疑问句，对某人的出生年月进行提问，句型是：
When was/were…born? … was/were born in +时间
When was David beckham born? 大卫.贝克汉姆是什么时候出生的？He was born in 1975.
二．以how long 引导的特殊疑问句，对表示某一短时间的状语进行提问。句型是：
How long did + 主语+动词？
How long did Charles Smith hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.
三．When did he start hiccupping? 他什么时候开始打嗝？When +did+主语+动词？
Unit 10 I’m going to be a basketball player.
Grammar:一般将来时
表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。
1. be going to + 动词原形 What are you going to do next Sunday?
2. will/shall + 动词原形 I will go to my hometown next week.
3.be +v.ing The Greens are moving to another city the day after tomorrow.
4. be +动词不定式 You are to be back by 10 o’clock.
5. be + about + 动词不定式 The meeting is about to begin.
Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?
Grammar:情态动词
情态动词，表示说话者对某一动作的看法和态度，包括可能、怀疑、允许、愿望、必要、猜测等。Can(能、会),may( 可以),must( 必须、一定)等。
情态动词的特点：(1)情态动词有一定词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和另一个动词原形一起构成谓语，且没有人称和数的变化。1. I can speak English. 2. She must be a teacher. 3. We may go home now.
(2)变否定句时，直接在情态动词后面加not,无需加助动词。He can’t play the guitar well.
He can’t answer the question. You mustn’t be late.
(3)含有情态动词的句子变一般疑问句时，须将情态动词提前。Can you help me? Must I go there at once?
(4)can 可表示能力、允许、可能性、怀疑猜测，意为“能，会，可以。”can’t, 意为“不能，不会，不可以。”，还有“不可能”之意。
--Can you drive? – Sorry, I can’t. It can’t be true.
(5)can 也可表示请求与邀请
Can you please sweep the floor?
Unit12 What’s the best radio station?
Grammar:形容词/副词的最高级，用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较，表示在一群人或事物中，其中一个 “最……”见课本p93语法
the +最高级 She is the tallest of all her classmates.
最高级可被序数词以及much, by far,nearly,almost, by no means, not quite,not really, nothing like等修饰。This hat is by far the biggest.
表示最高程度的形容词，excellent, extreme, prefect等没有最高级也不能用比较级。He is an excellent teacher.
形容词最高级间修饰做表语或介词并与的名词代词是，被修饰的词往往省略。
He is the youngest (boy) in his class.
Who/Which +be+最高级，A,B,or C? Who is the most useful, a bicycle, a motorcycle,or a car?
the +序数词+最高级 He is the second tallest student in our class.
One of the +最高级+复数名词 The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China.