① 初二英语新目标上学期语法要点
初二英语语法知识重点总结
一、知识强化
1．掌握本单元的重点词汇及句型。
2．谈论最好做某事和正确做某事，培养提高自己的交际能力。
3．正确使用should和ought to。
二、重难点知识讲解
1．First, we decided to elect the chief editor. 首先我们决定选出主编。
decide 动词，意为“决定”，常用结构：
decide (not) to do sth. 决定(不)做某事
decide on doing sth 决定做某事
decide + 疑问代词/副词＋不定式 决定……
decide＋从句 决定……
e.g.I decided to go to Beijing on Monday.
我决定星期一去北京。
He has decided on going for a trip next week.
他已决定下周去旅行。
He decided when to go to Beijing.
他已经决定了什么时候去北京。
We decided that we didn’t take part in the basketball match.
我们决定不参加篮球比赛。
2．We should choose Joyce because she has experience.
我们应该选乔伊斯因为她很有经验。
（1）experience n. 经验；经历
①经验(不可数名词)
e.g.He is a math teacher with 5 years’ experience.
他是一名有五年工作经验的数学老师。
②经历(可数名词)
e.g.It was a strange experience.
真是一次奇特的经历。
Please tell us your experiences in America.
请你告诉我们你在美洲的经历。
（2）experience v. 体验；经历
e.g.Our country has experienced great changes in the last thirty years.
我国在过去三十年经历了巨大变化。
3．Then we all voted for her. 然后我们都投票赞成（选乔伊斯为主编）。
vote for sb. 意为“投票赞成某人”。
e.g.I shall vote for Ben because he has experience.
我将投票选本因为他有经验。
Vote for Johnson—the people’s friend!
请投约翰逊一票——他是人民的支持者。
vote against 意为“投票反对”。
e.g.People vote against Henry.
人们投票反对亨利。
4．Then Joyce took charge of the meeting. 于是，乔伊斯主持会议。
take charge of意为“主管，主持；负责”。
e.g.Who will take charge of the meeting?
谁将主持这次会议？
She took charge of the family business after her father died.
父亲去世后，家务事全由她负责。
The department was badly organized until she took charge(of it).
这个部门在她负责管理以前组织工作做得很差。
5．Then the others voted for me. 于是其他人投票选我。
句中的the others指参加会议的除我以外的所有人即：Lucy, Joyce, Tony和Jessica。
辨析：other, the other, the others与another
（1）other表示“其他的”，表示泛指，没有特定的范围。
e.g.Lei Feng always helped other people.
雷锋总是帮助别人。(指其他的任何人)
（2）the other意为“另一个”，一般用于两者之间。其句型为：one…the other…一个……另一个……
e.g.The old man has two sons. One is a soldier, the other is a worker.
那位老人有两个儿子，一个是士兵，另一个是工人。
注意：the other和other后均可加名词，但意思有所不同，“the other＋名词”表示一定范围内除一部分外其余的全部，而“other＋名词”表示除去部分以后的另一些，但不是剩下的全部。
（3）the others 特指一定范围内的其余的全部人或事物。
e.g.I have three pencils. One is long, and the others are short.
我有三支铅笔，一支是长的，另外（两个）是短的。（代词）
（4）another表示三者或三者以上的其他任何一个，意为“再一；又一”。
e.g.Would you like another cup of tea?
你还要一杯茶吗?
6．You will be responsible for different sections of the paper.
你们将负责报纸的不同部分。
be responsible for意为“对……负责”。
e.g.Who is responsible for breaking the mirror?
镜子是谁打破的?
The bus driver is responsible for the passengers safety.
公共汽车司机应对乘客的安全负责。
7．Should it be free for readers, or should they pay for it?
读者应免费阅读还是花钱购买呢？
辨析：pay, spend, cost与take
四个单词都可以表示“花费”，但用法却不尽相同。
（1）pay的基本用法是：
①pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买某物。
e.g.I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.
我每个月要付给他们20英镑的房租。
②pay for sth. 付某物的钱
e.g.I have to pay for the lost book.
我不得不赔偿丢失的书款。
③pay for sb. 替某人付钱
e.g.Don’t worry! I’ll pay for you.
别担心，我会给你付钱的。
（2）spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：
①spend time/ money on sth. 在某物上花费时间/ 金钱。
e.g.I spent two hours on this maths problem.
这道数学题花了我两个小时。
②spend time/ money(in)doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事。
e.g.They spent two years (in) building this bridge.
造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
（3）cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见的用法如下：
①“sth. cost (sb.)＋金钱”表示“某物花了(某人)多少钱”。
e.g.A new computer costs a lot of money.
买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
②“(doing)sth. cost(sb.)＋时间”表示“(做某事)某物花了(某人)多少时间”
e.g.Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.
他花了大量的时间才记住了这些新单词。
（4）take 常见的用法有以下几种：
①“It takes/took sb.＋时间＋ to do sth. ”表示“做某事花了某人多少时间”。
e.g.It took them three years to build this road.
他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
②“doing sth. takes sb.＋时间”表示“做某事花了某人多少时间”。
e.g.Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.
他花了一整下午修这辆小汽车。
8．Well, I usually try to get one for free from outside the library…
哦，我通常试图从图书馆外免费拿一份……
try to do sth.,意为“尽力、设法去做某事”，强调付出一定的努力或想方设法地去完成。
I’ll try to come early tomorrow.
我明天尽量早点儿来。
辨析：try doing sth. 意为“尝试着做某事”，不一定付出很大努力。
e.g.If you like, you can try watching it.
如果你喜欢，你可以试着看一下。
拓展：
①try/do one’s best to do sth.意为“尽某人全力去做某事”。
e.g.We should try our best to practice speaking English.
我们应尽力来练习说英语。
②try on意为“试穿”。
e.g.Can I try it on?
我可以试穿一下吗?
③try也可用作名词，意为“尝试”。
e.g.I can’t open this door—will you have a try?
我打不开这扇门——你来试试行吗?
9．I also have the habit of reading English for half an hour every morning.
我也有每天早上读半小时英语的习惯。
have the habit of doing…意为“有干某事的习惯”。
e.g.My mother has the habit of getting up early.
我妈妈有早起的习惯。
He has habit of smoking ring meals.
他有吃饭时吸烟的习惯。
10．Were you nervous before the speech? 在演讲前你紧张吗?
nervous意为“焦虑的，紧张的”，形容词作表语，可以与动词get/ feel，系动词be连用。
e.g.Don’t be nervous! The doctor just wants to help you.
别紧张!医生只是想帮助你。
I felt very nervous when I went into his office.
当我走进他的办公室时，我感到很紧张。
11．She was on her way to the library to return the books.
她正走在去图书馆还书的路上。
（1）the way to…意为“去……的路”。其中the可以用物主代词替换。如果表示地点的词是副词home, there, here等时，则不用介词to。way为名词，意为“路；道路”，其常用的搭配还有on one’s way to＋n. 或on one’s way＋adv.，意为“在去……的路上”。
e.g.I see some beautiful flowers on my may home.
在回家的路上，我看到一些美丽的花。
On my way to the school I met my head teacher.
上学路上我遇到了班主任。
（2）return在句中意为“归还”，相当于give sth. back.
e.g.Return the book to the library.
把书归还给图书馆。
12．but I haven’t felt lonely at all. 但我一点也不感到孤独。
（1）辨析：lonely与alone
①lonely一般只用作形容词，表示“孤单的，孤独的，寂寞的”，在句中既可作表语，又可作定语。lonely修饰物时，意为“荒凉的”。
e.g.When his wife and two little children left him, he was very lonely.
妻子和两个孩子离他而去后，他很孤独。
This is a lonely mountain village.
这是一个荒凉的小山村。
②alone作形容词时，意为“单独的，独自的；独一无二的”，通常只用作表语。用作副词，表示“独自地，单独地”之意，相当于by oneself。此外，alone用在名词或代词之后，意为“只有，唯有，仅仅”。
e.g.Tom alone knew what had happened.
只有汤姆知道发生了什么事。
③lonely指人孤独寂寞，或指地方荒无人烟，有浓厚的伤感色彩。alone表示“单独，独自一人”，不含感情色彩。
e.g.He doesn’t feel lonely though he lives alone.
尽管他独自生活，但他并不感到孤独。
（2）not…at all 意为“一点……也不；根本不”，是完全否定。
e.g.I don’t like it /them at all. 我根本不喜欢它（它们）。
He can not swim at all. 他根本就不会游泳。
She doesn’t love me at all. 她根本就不爱我。
三、语法点拨——should与ought to的用法
1．一般说来，两者可替换，只是ought to语气稍重。
e.g.You ought to (should) go and see Mary sometime.
你应该什么时候去看看玛丽。
The train ought to (should) have arrived at six.
火车本应该6点钟到的。
Such things ought not to be allowed.
这种事情是不允许的。
2．表示出于法令规则、行为准则、道德责任等客观情况而“应该”做某事时，一般应用ought to，若用should则含有个人意见，强调主观看法。
e.g.We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I don’t think we will.
明天我们按理应该去看看玛丽，但是我认为我们不会去(此句不宜用should)。
3．在公告、须知或条例中，出于礼貌，常用should。如：
e.g.You should not run alongside the swimming-pool.
不准在游泳池边奔跑。
② 求八年级新目标英语上册语法总结！！！！！！！
Unit 1:
1. 表频率的词汇和短语：
always usually often never hardly ever
sometimes seldom once a day twice a month
three times a week every two weeks once in a while
2. 做事情的频率（how often you do things）:
－What do you usually do in the morning?
－I usually read English books. Sometimes I walk in the garden.
I hardly ever exercise. I eat vegetables twice a week, but I never eat junk food.
3. 如何提问频率“多久一次”
－How often does he play tennis?
－He plays tennis every day.
－How often do you drink milk?
－I drink milk once a day.
－How often do they go to the movies?
－Sometimes.
Unit 2:
1. 询问别人身体状况：
What’s wrong with you?
What’s the matter with you?
What’s the trouble?
2. 提出建议（give advice and make suggestions）
－What’s wrong with you?
－I have a headache.
－You should go to bed and have a rest. You shouldn’t work late.
－I have a fever.
－You should drink a lot of water. You shouldn’t be stressed out.
Unit 3：
一般将来时：
1. 现在进行时“be+动词ing”可以用来表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。
－What are you doing for vacation?
－I’m visiting Tibet.
－Where are you going on May Day?
－I’m going to the beach.
－How many students are coming to out party tomorrow?
－Fifty.
2. “be going to +动词原形”表示主观打算去做某事，表示“人”打算，计划，决定要去做的事。
They are going to travel in China.
Look at the clouds! It is going to rain.
－Are you going to be a teacher when you grow up?
－Yes, I am.
3. 用“shall＋动词原形”或“will＋动词原形”表示一般将来时。
（shall只用于第一人称）
We shall go to the beach this Sunday.
My brother will finish middle school in a year.
These birds won’t fly to the south in winter.
When will they begin the work?
Unit 4：
谈论如何到达某地，以及以何种方式到达某地。
－How do you get to the museum?
－I get to the museum by subway. Sometimes I ride my bike to the museum.
注意区别：
（1）take the bus = go by bus
eg: I take the bus to get to school.
= I get to school by bus.
take the train = go by train
eg: He takes the train to go to school.
He gets to school by train.
take the subway = go by subway
take a taxi = go by taxi
go in a car = go by car
ride a bike = go by bike
walk = go on foot
How引导的疑问句：
1. How does Lucia get to work? （提问方式“如何”）
2. Dave is going to travel to Paris by plane. How long does it take?
（提问时间长短“多长时间”）
3. How far is it from the post office to the museum?
（提问距离“多远”）
4. How often does Kate swim in the river? （提问频率“多久一次”）
5. How old is the little boy? （提问年龄“多大”）
6. How many cows are there? （提问数量“多少”many后跟可数名词）
7. How much water is there in the bottle?
（提问数量“多少”much后跟不可数名词）
8. How much is the doll?
（提问价钱“多少钱”）
9. How tall is his teacher?
（提问高度“多高”）
10. How was the weather?
（提问程度“怎样”）
Unit 5
情态动词“can”表示可能性，或现在决定将来的事。
练习用“Can …? ”发出邀请，接受或拒绝并给出原因：
－Can you come to my party on Monday?
－Sure, I’d love to. / Sorry, I can’t. I have to study for a test.
－Can she go to the movies?
－No, she can’t. She has to do her homework.
－Can he go to the football game tomorrow?
－No, he can’t. He has a driving lessons.
－Can they go to the concert tonight?
－No, they can’t. They are visiting their uncle.
Unit 6:
形容词比较级：
形容词比较级是用来表示事物的等级差别。
I. 形容词比较级的构成：
规则变化：
1. 一般单音节词末尾加－er。
tall－taller great－greater
2. 以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以－le结尾的双音节词只加－r。
nice－nicer large－larger able－abler
3. 以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加－er。
big－bigger hot－hotter
4. “辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加－er。
easy－easier busy－busier
5. 少数以－er，－ow结尾的双音节词末尾加－er.
clever－cleverer narrow－narrower
6. 其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more来构成比较级。
important－more important beautiful－more beautiful
不规则变化：
good－better well（健康的）－better
bad－worse ill－worse
old－older / elder many－more
much－more little（少的）－less
far（远的）－farther / further
II. 比较级句型：
1. 比较级＋than … …比…较为
A ＋动词＋形容词比较级＋than＋B.
两者相比较，A比B更…一些。
I am older than you.
Mary is happier than Jane.
His brother is younger than I（me）.
Beijing is more beautiful than Wuhan.
My sister has longer hair than Tara.
Her mother is thinner than her father.
Jack is taller than Tom.
2. as…as
A+动词+as+形容词原级+as+B.表示A和B两者比较，程度相同，“…和…相同”。
My uncle is as tall as your father.
Tom is as honest as John.
My dog is as old as that one.
A…＋not＋as＋形容词原级＋as＋B 表示A，B两者程度不同，即A不如B那么…
My uncle is not as tall as your father.
Tom is not as honest as John.
This jacket is not as cheap as that one.
3. the same as 与…相同。
My friend is the same as me. We are both quiet.
A good friend likes to do the same things as me.
③ 新目标八年级上册英语每单元课文与语法
动词
一. 动词是表示动作或处于某种状态的词，它分为行为动词，系动词、助动词和情态动词，动词种类多，变化又复杂，是学习英语的难点之一，下面根据动词的特点进行归类，并提供一些辨别方法，以便于理解和掌握。
1. 行为动词在动词中数量最多，它含有实在的意义（又叫实义动词），表示动作或状态，在句中可以单独作谓语，行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词后面必须加宾语，意义才完整，不及物动词后面不能直接带宾语，常需要在宾语前加介词才能带宾语。
eg:
We study English very hard.
She has a book in her hand.
The sun rises in the east.
2. 连系动词本身有一定词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语，常见的连系动词有：be, look, sound, get, become等。
eg:
My parents are both farmers.
The milk tastes terrible.
The song sounds good.
3. 助动词本身无词义，不能独立作谓语，必须和主要动词构成谓语，表示疑问，否定，时态或其它语法形式。常见的助动词有：be, have, do, will, shall等。
eg:
Do you have a brother?
Have you got an English-Chinese dictionary?
I didn’t go to the cinema yesterday.
4. 情态动词本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示说话者的语气和情态，情态动词没有人称和数的变化，情态动词本身可以构成疑问和否定，常见的情态动词有：can, may, must, will, shall, need等。
eg: Can you sing the English song?
Everyone must get to school on time.
二. 动词的时态：
（一）时态概述：作谓语的动词用来表示动作（情况）发生时间的各种形式称为时态，英语中的时态，就是通过特殊的动词词尾或加一些相关的助动词be, have（has）等，用来表示动作或事件发生的不同时间和方面。
eg: He reads newspapers every day.
He read the newspaper yesterday.
He is going to read the newspaper tomorrow.
（二）一般现在时：
1. 动词变化：一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，但第三人称单数后要加词尾-s，另外be和have有特殊的人称形式。
在加词尾-s时要注意：
情况 加法 例词
一般情况 加-s reads, writes, says
以ch, sh, s, x, 或o收尾的词 加-es teaches, washes, guesses, fixes, goes
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词 变y为i再加-es try－tries
carry－carries
读音：
情况 读法 例词
在[p][t][k][f]等清辅音后 〔s〕 helps, hates, asks, laughs
在[s][z][ ][t ][d3]等音后 〔iz〕 faces, rises, wishes, watches, urges
在其他情况下 〔z〕 plans, cries, shows
2. 一般现在时主要表示：
（1）经常性或习惯性的动作，常与这样的时间状语连用：always, often, usually, sometimes等
eg: We always help each other.
It often snows in winter.
I get up early every morning.
（2）表示主语现在的特征、性格、能力等。
eg: He loves sports.
Jane is an outgoing girl.
Tom and Tim both have medium height.
（3）表示客观、普遍真理
eg:
Two and four makes six.
Water boils at 100℃
The moon moves round the earth.
3. 一般现在时的疑问句一般以在句首加助动词do，does的方式构成。第三人称单数加does，其他加do，这时动词一概用原形；动词be只需与主语位置对调就行了。
eg: Do you like English?
Do they have story books?
What does she do every evening?
Is she at home?
Are you good at English?
4. 一般现在时的否定式是do not（don’t）或does not （doesn’t）＋动词原形来构成的，be动词做谓语动词只需在be后加not构成否定。
eg:
I don’t like oranges at all.
She doesn’t work in the TV station.
They aren’t students.
I’m not busy every weekend.
三. 现在进行时：
1. 动词变化：现在进行时由“am /is /are＋动词现在分词”构成。加-ing的规则如下：
（1）一般在动词原形末尾加-ing。如：
stay－staying do－doing
listen－listening suffer－suffering
work－working spend－spending
look－looking
（2）以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing。如：
make－making take－taking
give－giving ride－riding
please－pleasing refuse－refusing
close－closing operate－operating
（3）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing。如：
put－putting sit－sitting
run－running win－winning
begin－beginning
2. 现在进行时的用法
（1）表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，这时可以不用时间状语，也可以和now, at present, at the moment等时间状语连用。有时用一个动词，如look（看），listen（听）。
eg: What are you reading now?
Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom.
（2）表示当前一段时期的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
eg: They are working in a factory these days.
More and more people are giving up smoking.
（3）表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。
现在进行时有时可表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作，即可以用来代替将来时。
eg: When are you leaving?
Are you going to Tibet tomorrow?
3. 现在进行时的否定句和疑问句比较简单。否定句在be（am, is, are）后面加not；疑问句把be动词移到主语前。
eg:
I am not working.
What are you reading now?
How are you feeling today?
The train isn’t arriving soon.
四. 一般过去时：
1. 动词变化：一般过去时主要表示过去的动作或状态，在句中由主语＋动词的过去式来表达。
构成规则 原形 过去式
一般在动词末尾加-ed work
plant
play worked
planted
played
结尾是e的动词在末尾加-d like
live
change liked
lived
changed
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed plan（计划）
stop
drop planned
stopped
dropped
以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i再加-ed carry
study
cry carried
studied
cried
否定式 疑问式 否定疑问式 简单回答
I did not work. Did I work? Did I not work? Yes, you did.
No, you didn’t.
You did not work. Did you work? Did you not work? Yes, I did.
No, I didn’t.
He / She / It did not work. Did he / she / it work? Did he / she / it not work? Yes, he / she / it /did.
No, he /she /it didn’t.
We did not work. Did we work? Did we not work? Yes, you did.
No, you didn’t.
You did not work. Did you work? Did you not work? Yes, we did.
No, we didn’t.
They did not work. Did they work? Did you they not work? Yes, they did.
No, they didn’t.
2. 一般过去时的基本用法：
（1）带有确定的过去时间状语时，要用过去时。（eg: yesterday, last year, just now, two days ago, in the old days等）
eg: He left just now.
Lei Feng was a good soldier.
What did you have for breakfast this morning?
（2）表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作，这时常和表示频度的状语连用。
eg: Last term we often did experiments.
He always went to work by bus.
五. be going to 表示一般将来
1. 用法：表示现在打算在最近或将来要做的事，或表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为很有可能要发生的事情，be随着人称的变化变成（am, is, are）
eg: We are going to have a new subject this year.
It’s going to rain this afternoon.
I’m going to be a pilot when I grow up.
2. be going to 的否定句在be动词后加上not；be going to 的疑问句把be动词移到主语前。
eg:
He isn’t going to see his brother tomorrow.
I’m not going to tell you about it.
Who’s going to use it?
Is your sister going to bring your lunch?
What are you going to do next Sunday.
【模拟试题】（答题时间：70分钟）
一. 改错：
例1：The rose dark red. →The rose is dark red.
1. He very likes swimming.
2. He can helps you.
3. We haven’t a good time.
4. What are you do after school every day?
5. Sometimes I listen music. sometimes I play outside.
6. The fish smells not good.
7. We should buy some chicken. There are little left.
8. There have many birds in the sky.
9. My mother’s glasses is broken.
10. A pair of shoes are nearly one thousand.
11. What colour are her hair?
12. Does he his homework?
13. A: Do you like your class?
B: Yes. I like.
14. He always do his shopping on Friday evening.
15. I very sorry I forgot your birthday.
16. I have no brother and sister.
二. 连词组句：
1. listen, morning, the, to, I, radio, the, in, often
2. of, men, nurses, good, sick, hospital, care, in, take, the
3. weekdays, he, the, goes, cinema, never, ring, the, to
4. computer, got, new, you, a, have?
5. weekends, he, rest, does, a, got, have, on?
6. good, Li Ming, do, and, often, I deeds
7. museum, they, the, often, science, visit, how, do?
8. the, in, any, there, kitchen, food, is?
9. homework, does, day, when, Tom, his, every, where, and, do?
10. a, there, vegetables, many, but, apples, aren’t, lot, there, of, are, there
三. 用括号里的动词的适当形式填空：
1. There （be）______some glasses on it.
2. He （go）______to the park every day.
3. My uncle （live）______ in Nanjing now.
4. ______ Lucy and Lily （like）______China?
5. Li Lei（not like）______ to drink orange soda.
6. The girl （go）______ home at 4:30 in the afternoon.
7. ______ Kate （speak）______ French? Yes, she does.
8. Jim （not ride）______his bike often.
9. If he （be）______ free tomorrow, he （go）______ with us.
10. As soon as they （get）______ there next month, he （call）______me.
11. ______Li Ming’s father （have）______ his lunch at home?
12. Tom （not do）______the morning exercises often.
13. I （be）______ hungry and my sister （be）______ thirsty.
14. The baby （have）______ curly hair.
15. Everybody （have）______ a chance to win.
16. I （clean）______ my room once a week.
17. Nobody（tell）______ them anything.
18. There （be）______ a lot of chicken on the plate.
19. Mr. Li （teach）______ the second grade.
20. The boy （watch）______ TV every evening.
21. Mary （play）______the violin quite well.
22. David （study）______Chinese and I （study）______ English.
23. The game （be）______ interesting.
24. Many children （be）______ on the playground.
25. He （have）_______ a good time at your party.
26. I （have）______ a new bicycle.
四. 用所给词的适当形式填空：
1. Tom and his father ______（swim）now.
2. Look! They ______（run）along the street.
3. We ______（practice）hard these days because we will have a big match next month.
4. What ______he ______（do）at nine o’clock last night?
5. They ______（listen）to the music at that time.
6. When the headmaster came in, the students______（read）the text.
7. We ______（watch）TV when suddenly the telephone rang.
8. She ______（make）the paper flowers the whole night.
9. A: _______ you ______（studying）English?
B: Yes, I am.
10. Let’s go out. It ______（not rain）now.
11. Hurry up! Everybody ______（wait）for you.
12. A: ______（you / listen）to the radio?
B: No, You can turn it off.
13. I ______（watch）TV at seven o’clock yesterday evening.
14. A: What ______（you / look）for?
B: I ______（look）for my wallet. There is something important in it.
15. Look. It ______（rain）hard. We’ll get wet if we go out.
五. 选词填空：
（一）选词填空：
1. I ______（am, is, was, were）busy last week.
2. Tom and I ______（am, are, was, were）late for school yesterday.
3. I ______（walk, walks, walked, walking）to school the other day.
4. Rose ______（does not, didn’t, has been, has to）visit her uncle the month before last（month）
5. There ______（is, was, are, were）a lot of people in this village ten years ago.
6. Mother ______（am, is, was, were）ill in bed last night.
7. It ______（rain, rains, rained, raining）a lot last year.
（二）用括号中动词的适当形式填空：
1. My uncle in London ______（send）a birthday present to me yesterday.
2. When ______（be）you born?
3. As soon as he arrived in the country, he ______（phone）me.
4. When I ______（knock）at his door, he was cooking.
5. We were watching TV when the light ______（go）out.
6. He said he ______（not like）maths at all.
（三）用括当的词完成下列句子。
1. ______you make this cake last night? Yes. I did. I _______it for you.
2. Did Tom _______ home at five yesterday?
No, he _______. He came home at six.
3. What _______ you _______ at the store? I bought a camera.
4. Were you at home yesterday? Yes, I _______.
5. Where did you catch the fish? I _______ it in the river near my house.
六. 完成下列句子：
1. 你长大了想当什么？我打算当个电脑程序员。
What _____ you ______ ______ _______ when you ______ _______?
I’m ______ to _______ a _______ _______.
2. 你哥哥长大了打算当什么？他打算当个专业的篮球运动员。
What _____ your brother _____ _________ ______ when he ______ _______?
He’s _____ to ______ a _______ _________ player.
3. 你打算怎么做？我打算学计算机学。
_____ are you ______ ________ ________ that?
I’m _____ _______ _______ computer _______.
4. 你哥哥打算怎么做？他打算每天练篮球。
_____ is your brother _____ _____ _____?
He’s _____ ______ _________ basketball every day.
5. 她打算下学期上一些表演课吗？是的。
______ she ______ _______ _________ some ______ lessons?
Yes, she ________.
【试题答案】
1. He likes swimming.
2. He can help you.
3. We don’t have a good time.
4. What do you do after school every day?
5. Sometimes I listen to music, sometimes I play outside.
6. The fish doesn’t smell good.
7. We should buy some chicken. There is little left.
8. There are many birds in the sky.
9. My mother’s glasses are broken.
10. A pair of shoes is nearly one thousand.
11. If he doesn’t feel well he will go to visit the History Museum.
12. What colour is her hair?
13. Does he do his homework?
14. A: Do you like your class?
B: Yes. I do.
15. He always does his shopping on Friday evening.
16. I am sorry I forgot your birthday.
二.
1. I often listen to the radio in the morning.
2. Nurses take good care of sick men in the hospital.
3. He never goes to the cinema ring the weekdays.
4. Have you got a new computer?
5. Does he have a rest on weekends?
6. Li Ming and I often do good deeds.
7. How often do you visit the science museum?
8. Is there any food in the kitchen?
9. When and where does Tom do his homework every day?
10. There are a lot of vegetables but there aren’t many apples there.
Or: There are a lot of apples but there aren’t many vegetables there.
三. 1. are 2. goes 3. lives 4. Do, like 5. doesn’t like
6. goes 7. Does, speak 8. doesn’t ride
9. is, will go 10. get, will call 11. Does, have
12. doesn’t do 13. am, is 14. has
15. has 16. clean 17. tells 18. is
19. teaches 20. watches 21. plays 22. studies, study
23. is 24. are 25. has 26. have
四. 1. are swimming 2. are running 3. are practicing
4. was, doing 5. were listening 6. were reading
7. were watching 8. was making 9. Are, studying
10. isn’t raining 11. is waiting 12. Are you listening
13. was watching 14. are you looking, am looking
15. is raining
五.
（一）1. was 2. were 3. walked 4. did not
5. were 6. was 7. rained
（二）1. sent 2. were 3. phoned 4. knocked 5. went
6. didn’t like
（三）1. Did, made 2. come, didn’t 3. did, buy 4. was
5. caught
六.
1. are, going, to, be, grow, up, going, be, computer, programmer
2. is, going, to, be, grows, up, going, be, professional, basketball.
3. How, going, to, do, going, to, study, science
4. How, going, to, do, that, going, to, play
5. Is, going, to, take, acting, is
④ 求文档: 《英语(新目标)》教材八年级上册语法
新目标人教版八年级英语语法知识讲解
重难点知识讲解：形容词的比较级和最高级
比较级的定义：大多数的形容词都有三个级别：原级、比较级、最高级。
其中比较级表示“更……”，用于两者之间的比较，用来说明“前者比后者更……”，
比较级前面一般用much, even, a little修饰，其中even, much 只能修饰比较级。
二、比较级的构成：
(1)规则变化：①单音节和部分双音节的形容词一般在词尾加-er:
Eg: calm---calmer tall---taller smart---smarter
②以字母e结尾的直接在词尾加 -r:
Eg: nice---nicer fine---finer large---larger
③以“辅音+y 结尾的词，变y为 i，再加-er”
Eg: early---earlier happy---happier busy---busier
④以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词，双写辅音字母，再加-er :
Eg: big---bigger thin---thinner hot---hotter
⑤多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加more :
Eg: popular---more popular important---more important
(2) 不规则变化：少数形容词的比较级变化是不规则的：
(3)good---better bad/ill---worse many/much---more
little---less far---farther/further old---older/elder
三、比较级的用法:
(一)当两个人或事物（A和B）进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词（副词）的原级或者比较级
1表达“A和B一样”，用as…as的结构。
公式: A+be动词+as+形容词原级+as…+B
A+实义动词+as+副词原级+as…+B
Eg I am as tall as you.我和你一样高。 He doesn’t run as fast as I. 他没有我跑得快。
2．表达“A不如B”用not as…as的结构。
公式: A+be动词的否定形式+as+形容词原级+as…+B
A+助词的否定形式+动词+as+形容词原级+as…+B
Eg I am not as tall as you.我没有你高。
He runs as fast as I. 他跑得和我一样快。
3表达“A大于B”用“比较级+than”的结构。
公式: A+be动词+形容词比较级+than+B…
A+实义动词+副词比较级+than+B…
Eg I am taller than you.我比你高。
He runs faster than I. 他跑得比我快。
(二)关于形容词、副词比较级的更多用法
1．比较级前面可以加上表示“优劣程度”的词或短语，意思是“更…”，“…得…”。
常见词有much, a little, even, a lot, a great deal等。
Eg He is much taller than I.他比我要高得多。
I jump a little higher than he.我跳得比他高一点点。
想一想，这些词能修饰形容词或副词的原级吗？
2.比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”，
“小多少”，“长多少”，“短多少”等。
Eg I am two years older than he.我比他大两岁。
This building is 20 meters higher than that one.
3．“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
It is getting warmer and warmer．天气越来越暖和。
He is running faster and faster．他跑得越来越快。
0ur country is becoming more and more beautiful．我们祖国越来越美了。
4．“the more…， the more…”表示“越……，就越……”，
The more，the better.多多益善。
The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.你越细心，犯错就越少。
5．“the more…of the two…”表示“两个当中较。。。的一个”
The taller of the two boys is my brother.
四.当三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词（副词）的最高级
1. 表达“…是…中最…的”,用“the+形容词（副词）的最高级”的结构。 后面可以加上
表示范围的介词短语或从句。
公式： 主语+be动词+the +形容词最高级+（名词）+表示范围的介词短语或从句
主语+实义动词+（the） +形容词最高级+表示范围的介词短语或从句
Eg He is the tallest (student) in our class.
He jumps the highest of the three boys.
This is the best book that I have ever read.
2．表示“最…的…中一个”，用“one of +the +最高级+复数名词”的结构来表达。
Eg He is one of the best students in our class.他是我们班最好的学生之一。
This is one of the most beautiful flowers in the garden.这是花园里最漂亮的花之。
注意：(一) 形容词的最高级前面有定冠词the , 而副词的最高级前面定冠词the可以省略。
但在形容词最高级前有物主代词时，不能要定冠词the.
（二）常见的用来表示范围的介词有in, of, among
五、运用形容词、副词比较级应当注意的问题：
(一)、按语法规则，than后面的人称代词应当用主格，但口语当中有时会用宾格代替主格。
Eg He is more careful than I (me).
(二)、只有同类的事物才能比较
e.g 1. Her bag is bigger than mine.
不能说 Her bag is bigger than I.
2 The weather of Kunming is much better than that of Shenyang.
不能说The weather of Kunming is much better than Shenyang.
【语法专项练习题】
That boy looks as as a boxer.
A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. more strong
2、Then Summer Palace is than Zhong Shan park.
A. biger B. more big C. the biggest D. bigger
3、Which do you like , apples or oranges?
A. good B. better C. best D. well
4、--Oh, the food is bad.
--I think so .And the service(服务) is __________.
A．the worst B. worse C. badder D. the worse
5、--You are the same coat as I.
--Yes, Mine is , but not so as yours.
A:better, expensive B. better, more expensive
C. much better, more expensive D. good, more expensive
The experts think that India’s population may be than China’s 2020.
A. much, by B. more, in C. larger, by D. larger, on
This year our school is than it was last year.
A.much beautiful B.the most beautiful C.beautifuler D.much more beautiful
8 you work, knowledge you will get.
A.The harder, more B.The harder, the more C. Harder, the more D. Harder, more
9.He has friends than I.A.much more B.many more C. very more D. too more
10.She draws better than . A. us all B. we all C. all us D. all we
11.Shanghai is larger than city in China.
A. any B. any other C. the others D. any else
I’m not sure whether Mary can sing Ann.
A. as well as B. as good as C. as better as D. so good as
I have fewer apples than . A. he B. his C. hers D. mine
The news is surprising. A. much B. very C. more D. very much
The population of China is larger than .
A.America B.the one of Americas C.that of America D. Americans
Which is ________clothing store in your town?
A. the best B. the better C. the most good D. best
My sister is ________person I know.
A. the funniest B. the funnier C . the most fun D. funniest
Is Mr Du _______ teacher in your school?
A. the most busy B.the busier C. the most busiest D. the busiest
He is ________more beuutiful than I.
A. too B. enough C. much D. very
The box is ______heavy .I can’t move it.
A. much B. more C. enough D. too
The book is the______one in the bookshop．
A.the most cheap B.the expensive C.the most expensive D.the less expensiver
I have _______ apples and ______milk than you.
A. many, little B. more, less C. more, least D. many, less
23、You should study English hard, because it’s getting_______ in our country .
A.more and more important B.more important and more important
C. importanter and importanter D. important and important
24.Her brother is ___than she. A. 7 year older B.7 year old C.7 years old D. 7 years older
25.The Famous People Talent Show was one of ______that I have ever seen.
A. the most fantastic show B. most fantastic shows
C. the more fantastic shows D. the most fantastic shows