1. 初二上册英语重点语法有哪些
不持之以恒，英语就学不会，这是因为英语是一门十分注重积累的学科。如果能接受这个观点，那你就要持之以恒，否则学习无效………………我是一个高考的过来人。首先我想请阁下明白一个道理：英语很差不可怕，可怕的是你从一开始便接受自己是一个英语差生的“事实”！！！！！虽然我高考已经好多年了，而且今年即将大学毕业，踏入社会。但英语一直没有丢，英语一直是我的排头兵！我对英语的自信还有，我觉得学好英语不难，重要的是你要有恒心，急躁冒进，三天打渔两天晒网都是不行的。在这里我就毛遂自荐一下我的学习方法吧： 首先先你要端正心态，不要急躁，不管别人考多少分，你做你自己的事，这样才能静下心来学习。要成为英语高手就必须比别人走更多的路，做更多的事。你应该明白一个事实，英语是单词和语法的综合，所以单词和语法都要拿下。 其次，对于单词，有如下几种方法，第一个，是加强记忆的频度，也就是说，早上记了几个，隔几个小时又看一次，总之一天之内，记忆的间隔不要太长，否则你辛苦积累的记忆会随着时间的延长而淡化，第二个，是可以根据自己的理解编顺口溜，比如good morning 是狗摸你…（见笑了）…，第三个，最重要的是，记单词的时候，不要忘了阅读，一边记单词，一边看文章，这样可以把孤立的单词串联起来，记忆的效果会加倍，第四个。我建议你记单词要分门别类记忆，要形成一个意群，比如，重要性用magnitude magnificence ，表示非常，大大地有exceedingly，tremendously，extremely……这样做在你写作时，是十分有好处的，写作时不要尽写一些低级词汇，你要写高级词汇，比如重要性写magnitude，许多写a multitude of 或者handsome。再次，是语法。学习语法，首先要明白什么是主谓宾定状补，什么是系动词，什么是直接宾语，间接宾语，这些是学习语法的基础，语法是房子，主谓宾定状补等是沙石砖瓦 此外，对于完形填空以及阅读理解，那就只能靠平时的练习了，在这个过程中，你要时时总结，纵深对比，千万不要陷入题海战术只做题，不总结的误区当中。在做题的过程中，你把各种体型都总结了一遍，积累了丰富的经验，而且你还提升了自己的阅读速度，一举两得，所以做题是很重要的！其实，完形填空无非就是单项选择加语境分析，也就是说，做完形填空你的语法要好，而且你要积累比较多的固定搭配，短语，特殊用法等，完形填空的语法还是很重要的！对于阅读，我个人感觉是，纯粹是个人经验积累多少的问题，只有保证一定的练习量，你才能用质的提高！最后，我建议你，平时读报，或者做题的时候，发现有好的句子好的词汇，你要抄下来，长期下来，你的作文会有提高的，需要说明的是，这个提高过程可能很缓慢，但是最后能收到很好的效果，以前25分的作文我都能保证在21-23这个级别，靠的就是对语法的熟练掌握和积累了许多较高级的词汇，句型，句子。我个人的理解是，在你的语法达到基本不会出错的程度上，作文便应该以词汇取胜，因为在这个层次上，大家的语法都差不多，没什么变化，唯一有变化的就是你的词汇！给你打个比方吧，很多想到“许多”就用many，但是你别忘了many a ；handsome；massive，innumerable；很多人想到“专家”就写expert，但很少人会想到specialist，很多人在想到“擅长”这词，就写be good at ，却不知还有更高级的表达法：be expert at 或者excel in ……高手和庸才，就体现在这些细微的差别
2. 初二英语语法知识重点
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3. 求初二上册英语语法要点
初二年级（上）知识点，希望能帮到你
【知识梳理】
I.重点短语
1. on time
2. best wishes
3. give a talk
4. for example
5. short for
6. a waste of time
7. go on a field trip
8. go fishing
9. I agree
10. next week
11. the day after tomorrow
12. have a picnic
13. have some problems doing sth.
14. go the wrong way
15. hurry up
16. get together
17. in the openair
18. on Mid-AutumnDay
19. come over
20. have to
21. get home
22. agree with
23. in the country
24. in town
25. all the same
26. in front of
27. on theleft/right side
28. next to
29. up and down
30. keep healthy
31. grow up
32. at the sametime
33. the day beforeyesterday
35. last Saturday
36. half an hourago
37. a moment ago
38. just now
39. by the way
40. all the time
41. at first
II. 重要句型
1. have fun doing sth.
2. Why don’t you…?
3. We’regoing to do sth.
4. startwith sth.
5. Whynot…?
6. Areyou going to…?
7. befriendly to sb.
8. You’dbetter do sth.
9. asksb. for sth.
10. saygoodbye to sb.
11. Goodluck(with sb)!
III. 交际用语
1.Welcome backto school!
2.Excuse me. I’m sorry I’m late,because the traffic is bad.
3.It doesn’t matter.
4.Happy Teachers’ Day !
5.That’s a good idea.
6.What are you going to do？
7.Where are we going ?
8.What are we going to do ?
9.I’mgood at…
10.It’snot far from…
11. Areyou free tomorrow evening?
12.Would you and Lily like to come over to myhome for Mid-Autumn Festival?
13.I’m glad you can come.
14.Thanks for asking us.
15.How about another one?
16.May Ihave a taste?
17.Let me walk with you.
18.What do you have to do?
19.Do you live on a farm?
20.Which do you like better, the city or thecountry?
21.Which do you like best, dogs, cats orchickens?
22.Shall we go at ten? Good idea!
23.---Let’s make it half past one. ---OK.
24.---Why not come a little earlier? ---Allright.
25.Excuseme. Where’s the nearest post office, please?
26.It’s overthere on the right.
27.I’msorry I don’t know.
28.You’dbetter…
29.Thankyou all the same.
30.Whichbus do I take?
31.Goalong this road.
32.Whatday was it yesterday?
33.I’msorry to hear that.
34.I hopeyou’re better now.
35.Whydid you call me?
36.Icalled to tell…
IV. 重要语法
1.be going to的用法；
2.形容词的比较级、最高级；
3.形容词和副词的比较
4.一般过去时
【名师讲解】
1. on the street / in the street
表示“在街上”时，on the street 和 in the street 都可以，在美国多用on the street, 在英国多用in the street. 例如：
Wehave a house in the street. 我们在街上有座房子。
Imet him on the street. 我在街上遇见了他。
2. would like / like
would like和 like含义不同。like意思是“喜欢”，“爱好”，而 would like意思是“想要”。试比较：
Ilike beer.=I’m fond of beer. 我喜欢喝啤酒。
I’dlike a glass of beer= I want a glass of beer. 我想要一杯啤酒。
Doyou like going to the cinema? 你喜欢看电影吗？
Wouldyou like to go to the cinema tonight? 你今晚想去看电影吗？
3. another / theother
(1)another通常用于三个或三个以上或不确定数量中的任意一个人或 物体。 例如：
May I have anotherapple, please? 请在给我一个苹果好吗？
This coat is too small for me. Please show me another这件外套我穿太小，请再给我拿一件看看。
(2)the other 通常指两者中的另一个。例如：
He has two rulers. One is short. The other is long. 他有两把尺子，一把短的，另一把长的。
I have two brothers. One works in Xi’an. The other works in Beijing.我有两个兄弟，一个在西安工作，另一个在北京工作。
4. have to /must
(1)have to和 must都可以用来谈论义务，但用法略有不同。如果某人主观上觉得必须去做而又想去时，常用must。如果谈论某种来自“外界”的义务，常用have to。例如：
Imust stop smoking. 我必须戒烟。（自己想戒烟）
Theyhave to work for the boss.
他们不得不为那个老板工作。（条件逼得他们去工作）
(2)have to 可用于多种时态，must只能用于一般现在时。例如：
I’llhave to get up early tomorrow morning.明天早晨我必须早早起床。
Wehad to work long hours every day in order to get more money.
为了多挣钱，我们不得不每天长时间地工作。
(3)用于否定句时，mustn’t意思是“决不能”，“禁止”，而don’t have to意思是“不必”，相当于needn’t。例如：
You mustn’t be late again next time.下一次你决不能再迟到。
You don’t have to go there today. You cango there tomorrow.
你今天不必到那里去了。你可以明天去。
5. hear sb. orsth.doing sth. / herar sb. or sth. do sth.
hear sb. or sth.doing sth.意思是“听到某人或某物在做某事”，而hear sb. or sth. do sth.意思是“听到某人或某物做过某事”。试比较：
Ihear him singing an English song.听见他在唱英歌曲。
Iheard him sing an English song.我听见他唱一首英文歌。
类似hear 这种用法的还有see, watch, listen, feel等感官动词。
6. any /some
any和some 都可以同不可数名词和可数名词的复数形式连用，但some一般用在肯定句中；any用在疑问句和否定句中。试比较：
I want some money. 我想要点钱。
Have you any money? 你有钱吗？
I don’t have any money. 我一点钱也没有。
some 有时也用于疑问句，表示说话人期待一个肯定回答或鼓励人家说“是”。例如：
Would you like some more beer?请你再来点啤酒好吗？
Could I have some rice, please?请给我来点米饭好吗？
7. hear /listen to
listen to 和hear都有“听”的意思，但含义有所不同。Listen to强调“听”的动作，hear强调“听”的结果。例如：
Listen to me ,please! I’m going to tell youa story. 请听我说！我给你们讲个故事。
Listen! Can you hear someone crying in thenext room? 听！你能听见有人在隔壁房间里哭吗？
I listened, but heard nothing.我听了听，但什么也听不见。
hear 后面如果接宾语从句，常常表示“听说”。例如：
I hear some foreign students will visit ourschool.我听说一些外国学生将要访问我们学校。
I hear there is going to be a film in ourschool this evening.我听说今晚我们学校要演一场电影。
8. Let’s… /Let us…
Let’s… 和Let us… 都表示“让我们……”,如果us 包括听话人在内，其含义相同，附带问句用shall we. 如果us 不包括听话人在内，其含义不同，Let us…的附带问句要用will you。例如：
Let’s go shopping, shall we? 我们去购物好吗？
9. take/ bring/ carry /get
这四个动词都有“拿”和“带”的意思，但含义有所不同。take意为“带走”，“拿走”，bring意为“带来”，“拿来”,get表示“到别的地方把某人或某物带来或拿来”，carry不强调方向，带有负重的意思。试比较：
My parents often take me there onholidays.我父母常常带我到那里去度假。
I’m going to take you to Beijing.我准备带你去北京。
Bring me a cup of tea, please.请给我端杯茶来。
I’ll bring the book to youtomorrow.明天我把那本书给你带来。
The waiter carried the me to thetable服务员把肉送到桌上。
The monkey carried the bag on herback.猴子把那个包背在背上。
She went back to get her handbag.他折回去拿他的手提包。
Let me get the doctor.让我去请医生吧。
10. far away /faraway
(1)faraway是一个副词短语，意思是“很远”。例如：
Some are far away. Some arenearer.有些离得很远，有些离得近一些的。
The village is far away from here.那个村子离这儿很远。
(2)faraway是一个形容词，意思是“遥远的”，可以在句中作定语。例如：
He lives in faraway mountainvillage.他住在一个遥远的小山村。
11. find / look for
find和lookfor 都有“找”的意思，但含义不同。find 强调“找”的结果，而lookfor 强调“找”的过程。请看下列例句：
He is looking for his bike.他在找他的自行车。
I’m looking for my watch, butcan’t find it.我在找我的手表，但是找不到。
I hope you will soon find yourlost ring.希望你尽快找到丢失的戒指。
另外，find还有“发现”；“感到”等意思。例如：
I found a wallet in the desk.我在课桌里发现了一个钱包。
I find this book very interesting.我觉得这本书很有意思。
12. in front of /in the front of
In front of 表示在某物的前面，不在某物的范围内。In the front of 表示在某物的前部，在某物的范围内。试比较：
My seat is in front of Mary’s.我的座位在玛丽座位的前面。
He is sitting in the front of thecar with the driver.他和司机坐在小车的前部。
4. 求 ！ 初二上册重要英语语法知识点 。。。
初二英语知识点复习(总结版)
1.
take : 拿走
take sb. / sth. to someplace;
take sth. with you
bring: 带来
bring sth for a picnic
It’s going to rain, please take an umbrella with you.
You’d better finish your homework today and bring it to school tomorrow.
2.
keep + 名词 + 形容词
Keep the windows open, it’s hot here.
keep sb doing sth
I’m sorry I’ve kept you waiting for a long time.
keep表示“借”用于和一段时间连用：
How long can I keep this book?
3.
let / make / have sb do sth
让（使）某人干某事
Let’s go to the zoo!
How did he make the baby stop crying?
4.
forget to do sth
忘记去做某事
remember to do sth
记得去做某事
forget doing sth 忘记做过某事
remember doing sth
记得做过某事
5.
stop to do sth
停下来做另一件事情
stop doing sth
停止正在做的事情
stop sb from doing sth
阻止某人干某事
Let’s stop to have a test, it’s too hot today.
When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped talking.
We plant trees to stop the wind from blowing the earth away.
begin / start
to do sth
6.
tell / ask sb to do sth
否定形式 tell / ask sb not to do sth.
Policemen asked us not to play on the road , it was too dangerous.
Our P.E. teacher told us a story
yesterday.
7.
see / hear / watch sb do sth
see
/ hear /
watch sb doing sth
I heard him singing in the room when I passed by.
8.
enjoy sth ; enjoy doing sth ;
enjoy oneself = have a good time
Our classmates went to the zoo last Sunday. They enjoyed themselves.
9.
be busy with sth
;
be busy doing sth
They are all busy with their work.
10.
finish doing sth.
Tom didn’t go to bed until he finished writing the composition.
11.
want
sth
/
to do sth
/
sb to do sth
would like
sth
/
to do sth
/
sb to do sth
feel like doing sth.
He didn’t feel like eating anything.
12.
had better do sth
否定形式：
had better not do sth
You’d better not sing here, the baby is asleep.
13.
Why not do sth ?
=
why don’t you do sth ?
=
Why didn’t you do sth ?
Why not come with me?
14.
What about sth
/
what about doing sth ?
=
How about -----?
How about playing basketball with us?
15.
Thank you for sth /
Thanks for doing sth.
Thanks for your help.
------------
It’s a pleasure.
Thanks very much for helping me.
16.
instead往往放在句首或句尾
instead of sth
/
instead of doing sth.
通常放中间
He didn’t go to the park. He went to the cinema instead.
He went to the cinema instead of going to the park..
17.
put on
强调动作
wear 强调状态
in 介词，构成一个短词
Put on your old clothes tomorrow, because we’ll do some cleaning.
Kate is wearing a red sweater today.
The man in a blue suit is Mr. Li
18.
在if 引导的条件状语从句、以when , before, after , as soon as 引导的时间状语从句, 当主句是：一般将来时态、含情态动词或祈使句的情况下，从句用一般现在时表示将来时。
We’ll go hiking if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
it doesn’t rain
=
it isn’t rainy
I’ll tell her the good news as soon as I see her.
同样的情况还适用于not ---- until 句型
I won’t go to bed until I finish my homework.
19.
在以when
引导的时间状语从句, 当从句是一般过去时态时，主句往往用过去进行时,表示在过去的某一时刻正在发生或正在进行的动作：
They were having supper when I got to their home.
20.
It’s time for sth /
It’s time to do sth /
It’s time for sb to do sth.
It’s time for us to start our lesson now.
21.
It takes /
It took /
It will take
somebody some time to do something.
It took them twenty minutes to finish the cleaning.
It will take us about ten hours to finish our homework.
22.
it 作形式主语或形式宾语，其真正的主语或宾语是后面带to 的动词不定式:
It’s necessary to learn English well.
We found it difficult to work out the maths problems.
23.
too ----
to 句型,
too ---- for sb to
do sth ----，对某人来说太-----以致于不能-----
The apples on the
tree
are too high for me to reach.
Kate is too young to go to school.
24.
enough 用法：形前名后， big enough
;
enough food
----- enough to do sth
足够-------能够-------
Jim is old enough to go to school.
25.
little , a little 修饰不可数名词 ;
much 修饰不可数
few a few 修饰可数名词;
many 修饰可数
a little
a few 具有肯定含义little few 具有否定含义
some, any , a lot of = lots of 既可以 修饰不可数，也可以修饰可数名词；
There
is a little time left, take it easy.
We’d better go shopping ,there are few eggs left.
Mr. Little doesn’t have much money. （否定句中常用much而不用a lot of ）
26.
much too 中心词是too, 常修饰形容词,
It’s much too cold today,
we should wear warm clothes.
too much中心词是much, 常修饰不可数名词,
There’s too much water,
please be careful..
27.
有关情态动词的问答：
May I ------?
No, you can’t.
No, you mustn’t.
Must I /
we
-----?
No, you needn’t.
要注意could 和can的区别：could可表示语气的委婉，也表示过去的能力
Could you help me ?
Could she swim when she was four years old?
要注意must 和have to 的区别：must强调主观, have to 强调客观
要注意maybe和 may be的区别 ： maybe在句中作谓语
Maybe it’s here.
It may be here.
28.
不定代词：someone, anyone ; something , anything , nothing ; somebody , anybody, nobody.
Something常用于肯定句和表示请求的疑问句中 ， anything用于否定句中和疑问句中，not anything = nothing
;
without anything =
with nothing
Would you like something to eat?
I’d like Chinese tea with nothing in it .
形容词修饰不定代词要放在不定代词后面：
Be quiet! I have something important to tell you.
Is there anything interesting in today’s newspaper?
29.
反身代词: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves.
要记住：一、二人称用物主，第三人称用宾格， 复数self要变selves
和反身代词有关的一些词组：enjoy oneself.
= have a good time.
learn by oneself,
leave one by oneself
She had to teach her son herself.
I don’t need your help, I can do it myself.
30.
形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词：
What a strong wind!
It’s blowing strongly.
连系动词：be, feel, look, get,
turn , taste, smell, become,
+ 形容词作表语
31.
感叹句：What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词的单数形式+ 主语+ 谓语！
What+ 形容词+ 可数名词的复数形式 / 不可数名词+ 主语+ 谓语！
How + 形容词或副词 + 主语+ 谓语！
What a nice day it is !
What beautiful flowers they are!
How happily they are playing!
32.
反意疑问句：要注意前肯后否，前否后肯，要用be动词，助动词或情态动词来做，
要注意否定词：never, little, few, hardly ,nothing, nobody 等
祈使句的反意疑问句用：will you ?
以Let’s开头的反意疑问句用: shall we ?
She usually gets up at six, doesn’t she?
There’s little water in the bottle, is there?
Please take these
books to the office, will you?
You have never been to New York, have you?
33.
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级：要注意比较级和最高级的构成:
规则变化: 要双写的：big, fat, thin, red,
不规则变化：good,
bad,
far,
ill,
比较级用在：than ，
a little + ，
much + ,
最高级用在：
of all, of the three, in his class, in the world等表示有范围的短语中，
one of + 最高级 + 可数名词的复数
34.
以so 引导的倒装句：表示-----也一样，也如此，前后主语要不一致，要通过be动词、助动词、情态动词来做:
I reached home at 9:00, so did my brother.
Canadians eat a lot of beef, so do Chinese people.
35.
either---or----, neither ---- nor ----
连接两个主语，谓语动词采用就近原则；
Either of ----或 Neither of ------谓语动词用单数；
Both of
------或 both
---- and -----谓语动词用复数
Both of them are Chinese.
Neither of them is Australian.
Neither Jim nor I am American. 给赞
5. 初二上册英语重点语法有哪些
对于这个问题，如果想学好英语，语法是非常重要的，每个章节中都有grammar这个版部分，这个部分就是你权所要问的语法，那么具体的语法知识点，可以参照书后面的语法讲解进行，如果经济允许的情况下，买些相关的辅导教材。虽然不同版本的教材内容不同，但是英语的语法基本一致。所以要想学好英语，语法肯定少不了。
祝好运！
6. 初二英语新目标上学期语法要点
初二英语语法知识重点总结
一、知识强化
1．掌握本单元的重点词汇及句型。
2．谈论最好做某事和正确做某事，培养提高自己的交际能力。
3．正确使用should和ought to。
二、重难点知识讲解
1．First, we decided to elect the chief editor. 首先我们决定选出主编。
decide 动词，意为“决定”，常用结构：
decide (not) to do sth. 决定(不)做某事
decide on doing sth 决定做某事
decide + 疑问代词/副词＋不定式 决定……
decide＋从句 决定……
e.g.I decided to go to Beijing on Monday.
我决定星期一去北京。
He has decided on going for a trip next week.
他已决定下周去旅行。
He decided when to go to Beijing.
他已经决定了什么时候去北京。
We decided that we didn’t take part in the basketball match.
我们决定不参加篮球比赛。
2．We should choose Joyce because she has experience.
我们应该选乔伊斯因为她很有经验。
（1）experience n. 经验；经历
①经验(不可数名词)
e.g.He is a math teacher with 5 years’ experience.
他是一名有五年工作经验的数学老师。
②经历(可数名词)
e.g.It was a strange experience.
真是一次奇特的经历。
Please tell us your experiences in America.
请你告诉我们你在美洲的经历。
（2）experience v. 体验；经历
e.g.Our country has experienced great changes in the last thirty years.
我国在过去三十年经历了巨大变化。
3．Then we all voted for her. 然后我们都投票赞成（选乔伊斯为主编）。
vote for sb. 意为“投票赞成某人”。
e.g.I shall vote for Ben because he has experience.
我将投票选本因为他有经验。
Vote for Johnson—the people’s friend!
请投约翰逊一票——他是人民的支持者。
vote against 意为“投票反对”。
e.g.People vote against Henry.
人们投票反对亨利。
4．Then Joyce took charge of the meeting. 于是，乔伊斯主持会议。
take charge of意为“主管，主持；负责”。
e.g.Who will take charge of the meeting?
谁将主持这次会议？
She took charge of the family business after her father died.
父亲去世后，家务事全由她负责。
The department was badly organized until she took charge(of it).
这个部门在她负责管理以前组织工作做得很差。
5．Then the others voted for me. 于是其他人投票选我。
句中的the others指参加会议的除我以外的所有人即：Lucy, Joyce, Tony和Jessica。
辨析：other, the other, the others与another
（1）other表示“其他的”，表示泛指，没有特定的范围。
e.g.Lei Feng always helped other people.
雷锋总是帮助别人。(指其他的任何人)
（2）the other意为“另一个”，一般用于两者之间。其句型为：one…the other…一个……另一个……
e.g.The old man has two sons. One is a soldier, the other is a worker.
那位老人有两个儿子，一个是士兵，另一个是工人。
注意：the other和other后均可加名词，但意思有所不同，“the other＋名词”表示一定范围内除一部分外其余的全部，而“other＋名词”表示除去部分以后的另一些，但不是剩下的全部。
（3）the others 特指一定范围内的其余的全部人或事物。
e.g.I have three pencils. One is long, and the others are short.
我有三支铅笔，一支是长的，另外（两个）是短的。（代词）
（4）another表示三者或三者以上的其他任何一个，意为“再一；又一”。
e.g.Would you like another cup of tea?
你还要一杯茶吗?
6．You will be responsible for different sections of the paper.
你们将负责报纸的不同部分。
be responsible for意为“对……负责”。
e.g.Who is responsible for breaking the mirror?
镜子是谁打破的?
The bus driver is responsible for the passengers safety.
公共汽车司机应对乘客的安全负责。
7．Should it be free for readers, or should they pay for it?
读者应免费阅读还是花钱购买呢？
辨析：pay, spend, cost与take
四个单词都可以表示“花费”，但用法却不尽相同。
（1）pay的基本用法是：
①pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买某物。
e.g.I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.
我每个月要付给他们20英镑的房租。
②pay for sth. 付某物的钱
e.g.I have to pay for the lost book.
我不得不赔偿丢失的书款。
③pay for sb. 替某人付钱
e.g.Don’t worry! I’ll pay for you.
别担心，我会给你付钱的。
（2）spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：
①spend time/ money on sth. 在某物上花费时间/ 金钱。
e.g.I spent two hours on this maths problem.
这道数学题花了我两个小时。
②spend time/ money(in)doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事。
e.g.They spent two years (in) building this bridge.
造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
（3）cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见的用法如下：
①“sth. cost (sb.)＋金钱”表示“某物花了(某人)多少钱”。
e.g.A new computer costs a lot of money.
买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
②“(doing)sth. cost(sb.)＋时间”表示“(做某事)某物花了(某人)多少时间”
e.g.Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.
他花了大量的时间才记住了这些新单词。
（4）take 常见的用法有以下几种：
①“It takes/took sb.＋时间＋ to do sth. ”表示“做某事花了某人多少时间”。
e.g.It took them three years to build this road.
他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
②“doing sth. takes sb.＋时间”表示“做某事花了某人多少时间”。
e.g.Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.
他花了一整下午修这辆小汽车。
8．Well, I usually try to get one for free from outside the library…
哦，我通常试图从图书馆外免费拿一份……
try to do sth.,意为“尽力、设法去做某事”，强调付出一定的努力或想方设法地去完成。
I’ll try to come early tomorrow.
我明天尽量早点儿来。
辨析：try doing sth. 意为“尝试着做某事”，不一定付出很大努力。
e.g.If you like, you can try watching it.
如果你喜欢，你可以试着看一下。
拓展：
①try/do one’s best to do sth.意为“尽某人全力去做某事”。
e.g.We should try our best to practice speaking English.
我们应尽力来练习说英语。
②try on意为“试穿”。
e.g.Can I try it on?
我可以试穿一下吗?
③try也可用作名词，意为“尝试”。
e.g.I can’t open this door—will you have a try?
我打不开这扇门——你来试试行吗?
9．I also have the habit of reading English for half an hour every morning.
我也有每天早上读半小时英语的习惯。
have the habit of doing…意为“有干某事的习惯”。
e.g.My mother has the habit of getting up early.
我妈妈有早起的习惯。
He has habit of smoking ring meals.
他有吃饭时吸烟的习惯。
10．Were you nervous before the speech? 在演讲前你紧张吗?
nervous意为“焦虑的，紧张的”，形容词作表语，可以与动词get/ feel，系动词be连用。
e.g.Don’t be nervous! The doctor just wants to help you.
别紧张!医生只是想帮助你。
I felt very nervous when I went into his office.
当我走进他的办公室时，我感到很紧张。
11．She was on her way to the library to return the books.
她正走在去图书馆还书的路上。
（1）the way to…意为“去……的路”。其中the可以用物主代词替换。如果表示地点的词是副词home, there, here等时，则不用介词to。way为名词，意为“路；道路”，其常用的搭配还有on one’s way to＋n. 或on one’s way＋adv.，意为“在去……的路上”。
e.g.I see some beautiful flowers on my may home.
在回家的路上，我看到一些美丽的花。
On my way to the school I met my head teacher.
上学路上我遇到了班主任。
（2）return在句中意为“归还”，相当于give sth. back.
e.g.Return the book to the library.
把书归还给图书馆。
12．but I haven’t felt lonely at all. 但我一点也不感到孤独。
（1）辨析：lonely与alone
①lonely一般只用作形容词，表示“孤单的，孤独的，寂寞的”，在句中既可作表语，又可作定语。lonely修饰物时，意为“荒凉的”。
e.g.When his wife and two little children left him, he was very lonely.
妻子和两个孩子离他而去后，他很孤独。
This is a lonely mountain village.
这是一个荒凉的小山村。
②alone作形容词时，意为“单独的，独自的；独一无二的”，通常只用作表语。用作副词，表示“独自地，单独地”之意，相当于by oneself。此外，alone用在名词或代词之后，意为“只有，唯有，仅仅”。
e.g.Tom alone knew what had happened.
只有汤姆知道发生了什么事。
③lonely指人孤独寂寞，或指地方荒无人烟，有浓厚的伤感色彩。alone表示“单独，独自一人”，不含感情色彩。
e.g.He doesn’t feel lonely though he lives alone.
尽管他独自生活，但他并不感到孤独。
（2）not…at all 意为“一点……也不；根本不”，是完全否定。
e.g.I don’t like it /them at all. 我根本不喜欢它（它们）。
He can not swim at all. 他根本就不会游泳。
She doesn’t love me at all. 她根本就不爱我。
三、语法点拨——should与ought to的用法
1．一般说来，两者可替换，只是ought to语气稍重。
e.g.You ought to (should) go and see Mary sometime.
你应该什么时候去看看玛丽。
The train ought to (should) have arrived at six.
火车本应该6点钟到的。
Such things ought not to be allowed.
这种事情是不允许的。
2．表示出于法令规则、行为准则、道德责任等客观情况而“应该”做某事时，一般应用ought to，若用should则含有个人意见，强调主观看法。
e.g.We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I don’t think we will.
明天我们按理应该去看看玛丽，但是我认为我们不会去(此句不宜用should)。
3．在公告、须知或条例中，出于礼貌，常用should。如：
e.g.You should not run alongside the swimming-pool.
不准在游泳池边奔跑。
7. 初二上册英语语法总结
新目标八年级（上）英语复习提纲
Unit 1: How often do you exercise?
【语言目标】
What do you usually do on weekends? I sometimes go to the beach
How often do you eat vegetables? Every day. Most students do homework every day.
【应掌握的词组】
1. go to the movies 去看电影 2. look after = take care of 照顾
3. surf the internet 上网 4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式
5. go skate boarding 去划板 6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康
7. exercise=take(much)exercise=do sports锻炼 8. eating habits 饮食习惯
9. take more exercise 做更多的运动 10. the same as 与什么相同
11. be different from 不同 12. once a month一月一次
13. twice a week一周两次 14. make a difference to 对什么有影响
15. how often 多久一次 16. although = though虽然
17. most of the students=most students 18. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物
19. as for至于 20. activity survey活动调查
21. do homework做家庭作业 22. do house work做家务事
23. eat less meat吃更少的肉 24. junk food垃圾食物
25. be good for 对什么有益 26. be bad for对什么有害
27. want to do sth 想做某事 28. want sb to do sth想某人做某事
29. try to do sth 尽量做某事 30. come home from school放学回家
31. of course = certainly = sure当然 32. get good grades取得好成绩
33. some advice 34. hardly=not nearly / almost not几乎不
35. keep/be in good health保持健康 36.be stressed紧张的，有压力的
37. take a vacation 去度假 48.get back 回来
【应掌握的句子】
1. How often do you exercise? 你（你们）多久锻炼一次身体？
How often + 助动词do(does或did) + 主语 + do sth.? 疑问词how often是问频率(多久一次),（在这里助动
词do(does或did) 是起帮助构成疑问的作用）与一般现在时或一般过去时连用，回答一般是用表示频率的副词
，如：once, twice, three times…, sometimes, often, quite, often, never, every day, once a week ,
twice a month , three times a month , three or four times a month 等。
2. “What do you usually do on weekends?” “ I usually play soccer.”
“周末你通常做什么？”“我通常踢足球。”
第一个do为助动词, 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个do则是实义动词。
3. “What’s your favorite program?” “It’s Animal World.” “你最喜欢什么节目？”“动物世界。”
4. As for homework , most students do homework every day .
as for...意思是“至于；关于”，常用于句首作状语，其后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式（即动名词）。
5. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her .
want to do sth. 意思是“想要做某事”；
want sb. to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。
6. She says it’s good for my health.
be good for...表示“对……有益（有好处）”;其反义为：be bad for...。（这里for 是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词）
7. How many hours do you sleep every night?
8. I exercise every day , usually when I come home from school .
9. My eating habits are pretty good .pretty相当于very 。
10. I try to eat a lot of vegetables , usually ten to eleven times a week .
try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” ，不包含是否成功的意思而try doing sth.表示“（用某一办法）试着去做某事”。
11. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades.
help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事
12. Good food and exercise help me to study better.
better是well的比较级，而不是good的比较级
13. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different? =Is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle
or is her lifestyle different from yours? be the same as … / be different from …
14. What sports do you play ?
15. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health .
keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthy
16. You must try to eat less meat .
try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” ,不包含是否成功的意思,less是little的比较级
17. That sounds interesting.
这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound（听起来），look（看起来），smell
（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（觉得），seem（好象），grow（变得）,get
（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。
Unit 2 What’s the matter?
【语言目标】
What’s the matter? I have a headache.
You should drink some tea. The sounds like a good idea.
I have a sore back. That’s too bad . I hope you feel better soon.
【应掌握的词组】
1. Have a cold 感冒 2. sore back 背痛 3. neck and neck 并驾齐驱，齐头并进
4. I have a stomachache 我胃痛 = I have got a stomachache = There is something wrong with my stomach
= My stomach hurts = I have (got) a pain in my stomach
5. What’s the matter? 怎么了？ = What’s the trouble (with you)? = What’s your trouble?
= What’s wrong (with you)? = What’ the matter (with you)? =What has happened to you?
= Is there anything wrong (with you)? = what’s up?
6. sore throat 咽喉痛 7. lie down and rest 躺下休息
8. see a dentist 看牙医 9. drink lots of water 多喝水
10. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 11.That’s a good idea 好主意
12.That’s too bad 太糟糕了 13.I think so 我认为如此
14. I’m not feeling well. 我觉得不太舒服 = I’m not feeling fine/all right.
= I’m feeling ill/sick. =I feel terrible/bad. = I don’t feel well.
15. get some rest 多休息 16. I have no idea = I don’t know 我不知道
17. stressed out 筋疲力尽 18. I am tired 我累了 He is tired. 他累了
19. a healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式 20. traditional Chinese doctors传统中医
21. a balance of yin and yang阴阳调和 22. you have too much yin.你阴气太盛
23. to eat a balance diet饮食平衡 24. healthy food 健康食品
25. stay healthy 保持健康 = keep healthy = keep in good health = keep fit
26. enjoy oneself (myself, yourself, herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself
反身代词) 玩得高兴，过得愉快
=have a good time = have a wonderful time = have fun
27. enjoy sth. =like sth. (名词)喜欢某物, enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事=like dong sth
practice doing sth.练习做某事， mind doing sth. 介意做某事，
finish doing sth.完成某事， give up doing sth.放弃做某事，
can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事，
keep ding sth. 坚持做某事. （keep on doing sth. / keep sb. doing sth. ）
be busy doing sth. 忙着做某事 be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
make a contribution to doing sth.为..做贡献 go on doing sth. 继续做某事
forget doing sth.忘记做某事 remember doing sth. 记得做某事
spend....(in) doing sth. 花（时间）来做某事
prefer doing sth.to doing sth.比起（做...）来更愿意（做...）
28. at the moment = now 此刻 29. Host family 东道家庭
30. Conversation practice会话练习 31. I’m sorry to hear that.听到此事我很难过
【应掌握的句子】
1． What’s the matter? I have a bad cold.
2．Maybe you should see a dentist.
3．I hope you feel better soon.
4．Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy.
5．Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for this. 6．People who are too stressed out and angry may have too much yang.
7．It’s easy to have a healthy lifestyle, and it’s important to eat a balanced diet.
8．When you are tired, you shouldn’t go out at night.
9．I believe him, but I can’t believe in him.
10．I am not feeling very well at the moment.
I’m tired and I have a lot of headaches.
11．I’m stressed out because my Mandarin isn’t improving.
12．I practice playing the piano every day.
13．She had finished writing the letter when I went in.
14．The doctor asked him to give up smoking.
15．Do you mind closing the window?
16．Mary couldn’t help laughing at his jokes.
17．They kept working though it was raining.
【内容较多，不能全部复制下来。亲，留下邮箱，我发文件给你，很详细，还有定语从句之类的专项讲解 ——逆夏000】
8. 跪求初二上学期英语重点语法
八种时态的具体用法： 一般现在时 表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。 ① 一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语：often,usually,sometimes,always,every (day等), once/twice,a (week等), on (Sunday等),never,in the (morning等)。如：They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他们每年去一次故宫)/ They often discuss business in the evening.(他们经常在晚上商谈生意) ② 表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。如：The earth turns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转)/ Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快) ③ 表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的事情,用一般现在可以表达将来,句子中可以有将来时间。如：The train for Haikou leaves at 8：00 in the morning.(开往汉口的列车上午8点开车) ④ 在时间状语从句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引导)和条件状语从句中(以if,unless引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子可以有将来时间。如：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德国就给我打电话) / If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家) ⑤ 一般现在时用于倒装句中可以表示正在发生的动作,动词以come, go为主。如：Here comes the bus. (车来了) / There goes the bell.(铃响了)。 ⑥ 一般现在时常用于体育比赛的解说或寓言故事中。Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it. ⑦ 人的心理活动和感官动作一般用一般现在时而不用现在进行时表达,常见动词有：like, love, hate, dislike, want, wish, hope, think(认为),understand, remember, forget, mean, need, hear, feel, see. 如：I think it is going to snow.(我想天要下雪了)/ I really hope you can enjoy your stay here.(我真的希望你愉快地呆在这儿) 一般过去时 表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常 发生。 ① 表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：at (eight) (yesterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, when引导的时间状语从句。如：I got up at 6：00 this morning.(我是早上六点钟起床的)/ Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.(小汤姆今天早上九点半把窗子打破了)/ When he went into the room,he saw a stranger talking with his father.(他走进房间时发现一个陌生人正和他父亲谈话) ② 表示过去一段时间内不知何时发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：yesterday, last (year等), in (1998 等)。如：He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年来到我们市) ③ 表示过去一个阶段中经常发生的事情时,时间状语有：last…, in…, from…to…, for(10 years),often,usually, sometimes, always, never等。如：Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young. / Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him. ④ 讲故事、对过去经历的回忆、双方都明白的过去事件等一般用过去时,而且经常省略时间状语。如：I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西) 一般将来时 表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。 ①一般将来时的时间状语有：tomorrow,this (afternoon),next (year),one day,now,soon, someday,sometime, in the future, when引导的从句等。 ② 用will构成的将来时,表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。“shall”用于第一人称,“will” 用于所有人称。如：I will graate from this school soon.(我很快就要从这所中学毕业了)/ You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一个人过了) ③ “am/is/are going to+动词原形”表示打算或准备要做的事情,或者主观判断即将要发生的事情,而“am/is/are to +动词原形”表示安排或计划中的动作。如：A man told them that the woman was to give birth to the special baby.(有一个人告诉他们那个妇女就会生下那个特别的男孩)/ It’s going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了) ④ 表示一个人临时决定要做某事,可以用will表达。如：I will go to the lab to get some chemicals(化学药剂). So please wait until I return.(我要到化学实验室去取些药品,请等我回头) ⑤ 现在进行时、一般现在时也可以表示将来。(见相应时态) ⑥ shall和will 在口语的一些疑问句中相当于情态动词。Shall一般与第一人称连用,will与第二人称连用。如：Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我们下周六去动物园好吗？)/ Will you please open the door for me?(替我把门打开好吗？) ⑦ “be to +动词原形”表示按照计划将要发生的事情。如：An angel came to tell her that she was to have this special boy. (4)现在进行时 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。 ① 现在进行时由“助动词be (am is are ) +现在分词”构成。 ② 现在进行时的时间状语有： now, this …, these…等,但经常不用。如：What are you doing up in the tree?(你在树上干什么？)/ I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在写一本长篇小说) ③ 表示即将发生的动作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常见的动词有：come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。如：I’m coming now.(我就来)/ What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什么？)/ He is leaving soon.(他就要走了) ④ 表示频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。如：He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it some time later.(他老是向我借钱,过一些时候就忘得一干二净) (5)过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。 ① 过去进行时由“was(第一、三人称单数)或were(第二人称单数和各人称的复数)+现在分词”构成。 ② 过去进行时的时间状语有：then, at that time, this time yesterday, at (eight) yesterday (morning),(a year) ago, 以及由when引出的时间状语从句。如：He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭)/ The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.(我看到小女孩的时候她正在玩玩具) ③ 用于宾语从句或时间状语从句中,表示与主句动作同时进行而且是延续时间较长。句子中通常不用时间状语。如：She was it happen when she was walking past.(她路过时看到事情的发生)/ They sang a lot of songs while they were walking in the dark forest.(他们在黑暗的森林里走时唱了很多歌) ④ 也可以表示过去一个阶段频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。如：He was always borrowing money from me when he lived here.(他住在这里时老向我借钱) (6)现在完成时 现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。 ①在完成时由“助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词”构成。 ②表示发生在过去的对现在仍有影响的动作时,时间状语有：already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。如：I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前从来没有看过这么好的画)/ He has just gone to England.(他刚去英国) ③表示在过去开始一直延续到现在(可能延续下去)的动作或状态时,时间状语有：for (two years),since 1990, since (two weeks ago)和since引导的状语从句。如：I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.(我离开家乡有30年了)/ Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.(自从这家工厂开张,王叔叔一直在那儿工作) ④口语中have got往往表示have(有)的意思。如：They have got thousands of books in their library.(他们图书馆有上万本书) ⑤have been to与have gone to的区别：have gone to(“已经去了”)表示人不在这里,have been to(“去过”)表示人在这里。如：--Where is Mr Li? –He has gone to the UK.(李先生在哪里？他去了英国。)/ --Do you know something about Beijing? –Yes,I have been to Beijing three times. (你知道北京的情况吗？是的,我去过那里三次。) ⑥在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。具体变化见下表： 瞬间性动词的完成时 → 延续性动词或状态动词的完成时 have (already) gone to… have been in / at … for (two years) has come to… has been here since (1990) (had) left… (had) been away from… arrived… been in… died been dead begun been on ended been over bought... had… borrowed… kept… joined… been in … 或者使用下面这个句型：It is / has been + (多久)+ since + 主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+……+过去时间状语 [注意] 在其它的时态中也存在类似问题,记住,关键是：瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用。如：How long may I keep the book?(这本书我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow) (7) 过去完成时 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作。简言之, 过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。 ①过去完成时由“助动词had+动词的过去分词”构成。 ②过去完成时时间状语有：by (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last…)或者由when,before等引出状语从句。有时句子中会有already, just, once, ever, never等词语,也会有for… 或since…构成的时间状语。如：They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.(当老师来的时候他们已经打扫完了教室)/ The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.(在他发觉那个妇女是个骗子时她已经走掉了) ③过去完成时常用于宾语从句中、after引导的从句中,或者从句是before引导的主句中。如：After I had put on my shoes and hat,I walked into the darkness.(我穿上鞋子戴上帽子走进了黑暗之中)/ He said that he had never seen a kangaroo before.(他说他以前从来没有见过袋鼠) (8) 过去将来时 过去将来时表示在过去预计将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 ①过去将来时由“助动词should(第一人称)或would(第二、三人称)+动词原形”构成。在美国英语中,过去将来时的助动词一律用“would +动词原形”。 ②过去将来时常由于宾语从句中,时间状语有：later, soon, the next (day). ③在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中不可以使用过去将来时,而应该使用一般过去时。如：He promised that he would pay me a lot if I helped him with the project.(他答应付给我许多钱如果我帮助他搞那个项目)/ Every time when he was free,he would sit down and read some books.(每次只要他有空他就会坐下来看看书) ④表示纯粹的将来时用would或should,表示打算或主观认为的事情用was/were going to (+动词原形)。如：She told me she would be 18 the next month.(她告诉我她下个月就18岁了)/ She told me that she was going to have a walk with her pet dog.(她告诉我她打算带她的宠物狗去散步) ⑤过去将来时还可以表示一个过去经常性的动作。如：When it rained in the day, he would bring an umbrella with him.(白天下雨时他会随身带一把雨伞) (9)现在完成进行时：现在完成进行时指一个从过去就开始一直延续到现在并由可能继续下去的动作,它具有现在完成时和现在进行时双重特征,结构是：“have/has + been +动词的现在分词”。如：I have been swimming in the cold water for about two hours.(我已经在冰冷的水里游了将近两个小时)/ How long have you been waiting here?(你在这里一直等了多久？)