1. 外研版八年级下英语语法
Unit6 Fun Cycling
Topic1 We’re going on a spring field trip
一. 重点词汇
( 一 ) 词形转换:
1.discuss(名词) discussion 2.queen(对应词) king
3.comfortable(名词) comfort 4.safely (形容词) safe (名词) safety
( 二 ) 词的辨析
1. find out / look for / find 2. cost / pay for / spend on
3. other /else 4. raise /rise
5.each /every 6.exciting / excited
(三)重点词组:
1.go on a visit to 去……旅行
2. make the decision 做决定
3.bring back 带回
4.go on a field trip 去野外旅行
5.decide on (upon) sth 对某事做出决定
6 see the sunrise 看日出
7. make a reservation 预订
8. come up with 想出（主意）
9. look forward to (doing) sth 期望
10. pay for 支付；赔偿
11. raise money 筹钱
12. book a ticket 订票
13. make a room for sb 为……订房间
14. have a wonderful time 玩得愉快
15. in the daytime 在白天
16. a two-day visit 为期两天的旅行
17.find out 查出
18. some places of interest 名胜
19. rooms with bathtub 带浴室的房间
20．a hard (soft) sleeper 硬（软）卧
21.my pleasure 不客气
二．重点句型及重点语言点
1. I have some exciting news to tell you. 我有一些激动人心的消息要告诉你们。
to tell you 是动词不定式短语， 作定语。动词不定式作定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。如： I have nothing to talk about. He has a lot of work to do.
2. Sounds great!= It sounds great! 听起来不错。
3. We will go on a two-day visit to Mount Tai. 我们将要去泰山玩两天。
go on a visit to 去参观/旅游 They went to a visit to Egypt last year.
类似有：go on a trip / go on a picnic
a two-day visit 为期两天的旅行 a two-month holiday 两个月的假期
an eighteen-year-old boy 一个18岁的男孩
4．It’s hard to say. 这很难说。To say 是动词不定式作主语，It 是形式主语。
如： It’s nice to meet you.
5. I’ll ask the airline on the phone. 我将打电话问问航空公司。同义句是：
I’ll phone and ask the airline.
6. Bring back your information to class tomorrow and we’ll decide on the best way to go on our field trip. 明天把你们查到的信息带到班上来，然后我们来决定最好的郊游方式。
bring back 带回。Please bring back your library books tomorrow.
decide on/upon sth 决定，选定 We’re trying to decide on a school.
7.It’s too far for cycling. 骑自行车去路太远了。同义句是：It’ too far to cycle there.
8.How long does it take to reach Mount Tai by…？乘……去泰山要花多长时间？
9．How much does it cost to go there ?去那里要花多少钱？
How much does a standard room cost ? 一个标准间的价格是多少？
10.We have tickets at 120 yuan for the hard sleeper and 180 yuan for the soft sleeper.
我们的票价是硬卧120元，软卧是180元。
at 意为“以……”，一般用于表示价格，年龄，速度等词的前面，for 意为“供，适合于”。I’ve got tickets at 80 yuan for The Sound of Music.
11.I’d like to book 20 tickets for the hard sleeper. 我要预订20张硬卧票。
20 tickets for the hard sleeper= 20 hard sleeper tickets
book tickets 预订票 book a room for sb/sth 为……预订房间
e.g. We want to book some rooms for 14th. 我们想预订一些14号的房间。
12．Please pay for the tickets before 5:30 p.m. 请在下午5：30之前付款。
Pay for 支付 pay for sb to do sth 付钱给某人做某事
e.g. Her parents paid for her to go to America.她的父母支付她去美国的费用.
13. I want to make a hotel reservation. 我想预订房间。
make a reservation 预订
14. We have rooms with a bathtub… 我们有带浴缸……的房间。
with 有或带着 a house with a swimming pool
a standard room with two single beds
15.It’s very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools. 在加拿大和美国的学校里筹钱是很正常的。raise money 筹钱 We can raise the money ourselves.
16.It costs each student one dollar to buy a ticket for the draw.每一个学生花一美元便可买到一张抽奖的票。
(1)each 作主语，谓语用单数 Each of the students spends one dollar buying a ticket.. （2）用于单数名词前，作定语，谓语用单数。Each student has their own e-mail address.
(3)用于复数主语后，作主语同位语，谓语用复数。They each have their own e-mail address.
17. I am looking forward to hearing from you . 我盼望收到你的来信。
Look forward to 盼望，期待 They are looking forward to solving the problem.
三.重点语法
动词不定式
（1） 动词不定式常跟这些及物动词之后，want ,refuse, forget, need , try, learn , like, agree, help, hope ,decide, begin等。可用顺口溜（要想拒绝忘记，需要努力学习，喜欢同意帮助，希望决定开始）
（2） 不定式的否定形式是在to的前面直接加not. My mother decided not to buy a computer for me.
（3） 不定式可以和疑问词who , which ,when, where ,how, what等连用。 Can you tell me what to say at the meeting ? I don’t know how to get to the station.
（4） 本topic出现的句子有：
I have some exciting news to tell you.
I want to make a hotel reservation.
It is very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools.
The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers.
I think the most exciting way is to sell flowers in the evening.
Kangkang helped us to book the train tickets.
Topic2 How about exploring the Ming Tombs ?
一、重点词汇：
（一）词形转换：
1.explore(名词) explore 2. east (形容词) eastern
3.north(形容词) northern 4. push (反义词) pull
5.sadly(形容词) sad (名词) sadness 6. crowd (形容词) crowded
（二）重点词组:
1.make a plan 拟定计划
2. make sure 确信，确保
3. come along with 和……一起来
4. at the foot of 在……的脚下
5. be surprised at 对……感到惊奇
6. be satisfied with 对……感到满意
7. out of sight 看不见
8. step on one’s toes 踩着某人的脚
9. can’t help doing sth 忍不住做某事
10. spread over 分布于
11.rush out 冲出去
12.raise one’s head 抬头
13.ask sb for help 向某人求助
14.thank goodness 谢天谢地
二． 重点句型及重点语言点
1. While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams.当你在旅行时， 我正忙于准备考试。
(1)be busy doing sth,/ be busy with sth 忙于做某事
I’m busy preparing for my birthday party these days.
(2)while 当……时候，引导时间状语从句。当一个动作在正在进行时，另一个动作也同时进行。While my mother was cooking , I was watching TV.
2.Would you help me plan a trip ? 请你帮我定个旅行计划好吗？
Would you 比will you 语气更加客气，委婉, 类似还有could you
Could you come along with us ?
3. They surveyed the area to make sure their tombs faced south and had mountains at the back. 他们仔细勘测了整个区域，确保这些陵墓是坐北朝南，而且在背后有群山环绕。
make sure 确信，确保 Make sure all the windows are closed before you leave.
4.It’s about two and a half hours by bike. 骑自行车大约要2个半小时。
Two and a half hours = two hours and a half
5.It’s to the east of Yongling. 它在永陵的东面。
to the +方位词+of (表示互不接壤) Japan is to the east of China.
on the +方位词+of (表示相互接壤)Fujian is on the south of Zhejang .
in the +方位词+of 表示在某一范围内的地区 Beijing is in the north of China.
6.They walked into Dingling and were surprised at the wonders. 他们走进定陵，对那里的奇观感到很惊奇。
be surprised at 对……感到很惊奇 He is surprised at dragons.
be surprised to do sth 惊奇地做某事 She was surprised to find she was lost.
7.…so they had to look for space to park their bikes 他们不得不寻找停自行车的地方
space 空间 Can you make space for this old man ?
8. While the crowd was pushing him in different directions, someone stepped on his toes.
当人群从四面八方挤来时，有人踩了他的脚。
in one’s direction 朝着某人的方向 step on one’s toes踩了某人的脚
step on sth 踩某物 Don’t step on the flowers and grass.
9.When he finally rushed out of the crowd, he noticed his friends were both out of sight.
当他最后冲出人群时，他注意到他的两个朋友都不见了。
notice sb do sth 注意某人做了某事 notice sb doing sth注意某人正在做某事
10. As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped up happily.
三个男孩一见面，就高兴得跳了起来。
as soon as 引导时间状语从句 意为“一……就”
He left as soon as he heard the news.
I’ll tell him as soon as I see him.
11.He didn’t raise his head until someone called his name. 直到有人喊他的名字，他才抬起头。 not …until 直到……才
12.They were so lovely that we couldn’t help playing with them.
它们太可爱了，我们禁不住和它们一起玩。
can’t help doing sth 忍不住做某事 When I heard the funny news, I couldn’t help laughing.
13. I am satisfied with everything in China. 我对在中国的一切感到满意。]
be satisfied with 对……感到满意 He is satisfied with my work.
14.. We even asked the guard for help. 我们甚至向保安寻求帮助。
ask sb for help 向某人求助 The lost boy asked the police for help.
三.重点语法 时间状语从句
1。引导词：
（1） when, while , as 当……时候. when 后可跟短暂性动词也可跟延续性动词；while 后跟延续性动词；as 多用于口语，强调同一时间，或一前一后。
The students were talking in the classroom when the teacher came in.
= While the students were talking in the classroom , the teacher came in. 学生在教室里谈话时，老师进来了。
Mother always sings as she cooks dinner for us. 妈妈总是边给我们做饭边唱歌。
（2）not … until 直到……才，主句谓语动词常用短暂性动词。
I won’t leave here until the rain stops.
He didn’t sleep until his mother came back home.
(3) after 在……之后，before 在……之前，as soon as 一……就
I went to sleep after I finished my homework..= I finished my homework before I went to sleep.
As soon as the bell rings , the students will go into the classroom.
2. 时态
（1）当主句为一般过去时时，从句常用过去的某种时态。
While I was doing my homework , the telephone rang.
(2)当主句的时态为一般将来时， 从句用一般现在时。
I will call you as soon as I get to Beijing.
本topic出现的句子有：
1.While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams.
2.He didn’t raise his head until someone called his name.
3.While the crowd was pushing him in different directions, someone stepped on his toes.
.4. As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped up happily.
5.After they rode their bikes for two and a half hours, Kangkanf , Michael and Darren arrived at the Ming Tombs.
6.As they were exploring happily, the crowd became larger and larger.
Topic3 Bicycles are popular with people
一、重点词汇：
（一）词形转换：
1. death (动词) die (形容词 )dead 2 slow (副词) slowly
3.crossing（动词）cross 介词） across 4. success（动词）succeed (形容词successful
5．Pain (形容词) painful 6. lead (名词) leader
7.final (副词) finally 8impossible (反义词) possible
9 courage （动词） encourage
（二）重点词组:
1．Slow down 减速
2. run into 撞到
3. avoid doing sth 避免 防止做某事
4. warn sb to do sth 警告/提醒某人做某事
5. ride into 进入 跻身于
6 get used to (doing) 习惯于做某事
7. a sharp turn 急转弯
8. be popular with 受……的欢迎
9. get a fine 处以罚金
10. go on doing sth 继续做某事
11. the way to success 成功之路
12. obey the traffic rules 遵守交通规则
13.break the traffic rules 违反交通规则
14. be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事
15.be famous for 因……闻名
16. be in danger 处于危险中
17.after a while 一会儿
二． 重点句型及重点语言点
1．I think traffic in Beijing is crazy. 我认为北京的交通很拥堵。
traffic 是不可数名词
2. If people obey the traffic rules , there will be fewer accidents. 如果人们都遵守交通规则，交通事故将会减少。
If we break the traffic rules, it will be dangerous and we will get a fine.如果人们违反交通规则，将很危险，我们会受到处罚的。
这是if 引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。
3．I feel a little more confident. 我感到自信多了。
more confident 是比较级
4. It can help us save energy and avoid pollution. 这样可以节约能源以及避免空气污染。 avoid sth / doing sth 避免做某事
You should avoid making the mistake like that.
He ran into the wall to avoid hitting the truck.
5.Bicycles are popular with people. 自行车深受人们欢迎。
Be popular with 受……欢迎
6 It warns us to be more careful. Warn sb (not)to do sth 警告/提醒某人做某事
He warned her to keep silence. Warn sb about sth 提醒某人某事
7.Most people think bicycles are much safer than any other vehicle.大部分人认为自行车比其他交通工具要安全些。
8．.However, his way to success didn’t go well. 然而，他的成功之路并非一帆风顺。
The way to success 成功之路 success in doing sth 在……成功
I didn’t have much success in finding a job. 我找工作没什么结果。
9．Like the other challenges in his life, Lance faced it head-on. 像面对生命中其他挑战一样，兰斯迎头面对。
10．It seems impossible to beat him. 打败他似乎是不可能的。
beat sb 打败某人 win a game /match/ a gold medal
It seems +adj+to do sth 做某事似乎……
She always seems to be sad.
三.重点语法 条件状语从句
1.条件状语从句由if（如果），unless(除非)等 引导的，谓语动词常用一般现在时表示将来，主句用一般将来时。
主句 if从句
Will (must, should, may) 一般现在时
如：I won’t go if he doesn’t go .
We will pass the exam if we study hard.
We won’t pass the exam unless we study hard..
2. 祈使句+and/or 引导的结果句，祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句。
如：Hurry up, or you’ll be late.= If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.=You’ll be late unless you hurry up.
Study hard, and you will pass the exam.= If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
2. 外研版八年级英语下M1 u3 around the world 翻译
M1 u3环游世界
3. 外研版新标准八年级英语下册M1至M12单词
密码:x7ws
4. 外研版英语初二下册语法
MODULE 1
tidy up
take up
all the time
be interested in
as well as
such as
come out
as a result
have a collection of
at the end of
give an interview
make sb. do
let sb. do
spend on + n.
spend (in) doing
one of + pl.
some of + pl.
MODULE 2
hold the line
right now
whether…or not
in fact
a couple of
feel like
by the way
primary school
junior high school
senior high school
far away
be afraid to do
worry about
be worried about
at that mement
day by day
be different from
hear sb. do
hear sb.doing
see sb. do
see sb.doing
make friends with
as usual
remember to do
remember doing
forget to do
forget doing
smile at
laugh at
MODULE 3
look out (for)
Don’t mention it
look down
ask for jobs
close down
thank you for doing
stop to do
stop doing
join sb.(宾格)
hate doing
be far (away) from
be close to
It seems that…
learn about
look out of the window
in front of
in/at the front of
do a sound check
MODULE 4
video camera
turn on
turn off
come on
save one’s life
borrow…from…
lend… to…
play back
wait for
It’s +adj.+to do
take a photo of
MODULE 5
be able to
all together
take off
at least
pocket money
after all
help sb. (to) do
help sb.with sth.
hurrp up
play a solo
rather you than me
warn sb not to do
be proud of
send away
refuse to do
offer to do
tell the truth
be angry with sb.
只找到词组，不好意思啦
5. 外研版初一下英语M1知识点
英语
语法
动词的语态（Voices）
语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态
被动语态的构成
被动语态的基本构成形式 主语+助动词be+过去分词
被动语态的时态
被动语态的时态通过助动词be的变化来体现。这个助动词必须与主语的人称和数相一致。现以do为例，将被动语态常用时态列表如下：
一般时态 进行时态 完成时态
现在 am\is\are done am\is\are being done has\have been done
过去 was\were done was\were being done had been done
将来 shall\will be done shall\will have been done
过去将来 should\would be done should\would have been done
各种时态的被动语态
一般现在时的被动语态 e.g. The lights are usually turned on at 6:30.
一般过去时的被动语态 e.g. Our house was built in 1979.
一般将来时的被动语态 e.g. This question will be answered by our headmaster.
过去将来时的被动语态 e.g. I knew the room would be cleaned.
现在进行时的被动语态 e.g. Your bicycle is being repaired now.
过去进行时的被动语态 e.g. The man was being questioned by the police.
现在完成时的被动语态 e.g. My car has been repaired.
过去完成时的被动语态 e.g. I heard she had already been sent to hospital.
带情态动词的被动语态 情态动词+be+过去分词
e.g. This must be done as soon as possible.
有些短语动词的被动语态
有些短语动词，如“动词+介词”、“动词+副词”、“动词+名词+介词”，其作用相当于及物动词，也可以由被动语态。在被动语态结构中，介词或副词不可丢掉，且其位置不变。
e.g. My brother’s child is taken care of by my mother.
含有两个宾语的被动语态
在多数情况下，把间接宾语变为主语，而把直接宾语保留下来。 e.g. She was told a long story.
含有复合宾语的被动语态
把宾语变为主语，宾语补足语变为主语补足语 e.g. The child was named Tom.
主动语态变被动语态
两种语态结构对比（箭头表示动作方向）
主动语态 → → e.g. He wrote the letter.
被动语态 → → e.g. The letter was written by him.
主动句变被动句的基本步骤
把主动句的宾语作为被动句的主语
把主动句的谓语改为“be+该动词的过去分词”形式，做被动句的谓语，注意be要根据主语的人称、数和该句的时态要求保持一致
主动句的主语改为by的宾语，有时可省略“by+主语”
主动句变被动句的基本句式
主动句：主语+助动词（情态动词）+谓语+宾语
e.g. We will do that experiment next time.
被动句：主语（原宾语）+助动词（情态动词）+be+过去分词+by+原主语
e.g. That experiment will be done by us next time.
主动句：主语+短语动词+宾语
e.g. The nurse takes good care of us.
被动句：主语（原宾语）+be+短语动词的过去分词形式+by+原主语
e.g. We are taken good care of by the nurse.
主动句：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
e.g. We gave him some magazines.
被动句：主语(间接宾语)+be+过去分词+直接宾语\主语(直接宾语)+be+过去分词+to(for)+间接宾语 e.g. He was given some magazines (by us).\ Some magazines were given to him (by us).
【注】一般将主动句中表示人的间接宾语变为被动句的主语
主动句：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
e.g. They chose Tom captain.
被动句：主语（原宾语）+谓语+原宾语补足语
e.g. Tom was chosen captain.
【注】如主动句中宾语补足语是不带to的不定式，变成被动语态后要加to
e.g. I saw him go to the church.
He was seen to go to the church.
被动语态的用法
英语中，何时情况下才使用被动语态的举例
不知道动作的执行者，只知道承受者的情况 e.g. Silk is proced in Suzhou.
不必说出动作的执行者的情况 e.g. Such books are written for children.
需要突出和强调动作的承受者的情况 e.g. She is liked by everyone.
【注】①不及物动词没有被动语态，如：happen，take，please，disappear等
e.g. 这件事发生在1989年。
（Wrong） This was happened in 1989.
（Right） This happened in 1989.
②有些动词，如：have，feel，hold，become，rise，look，sound，seem等只能着眼于表示状态而不强调动作，一般不用于被动语态中。
e.g. 树变绿了。
（Wrong）The trees have been become green.
（Right） The trees have become green.
被动语态和“连系动词+表语（过去分词）”的区别
被动语态中的过去分词是动词，表动作；系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，表状态。前者可用by短语表示动作的执行者，后者则一般不用by短语。 比较：
This book was written last year. The glass was broken by my sister.
这本书是去年写的。（被动语态） 玻璃杯是我妹妹打破的。（被动语态）
This book was well written. The glass is broken.
这本书写得很好。（系表结构） 玻璃杯破了。（系表结构）
6. 哪位好心人告诉我外研版初二英语下M1对话翻译
课本是？