『壹』 英语情态动词用法与归纳
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语,
只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。
情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列:
can
(could),
may
(might),
must,
need,
ought
to,
dare
(dared),
shall
(should),
will
(would)
.
情态动词的位置:
情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前,
谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中,
情态动词则在主语之前。
情态动词的特点:
情态动词无人称和数的变化,
情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加
"not"。
个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,
过去式用来表达更加客气,
委婉的语气,
时态性不强,
可用于过去,现在或将来。
情态动词的用法:
can
(could)
表示说话人能,可以,同意,准许,以及
客观条件许可,could
为
can
的过去式。
Must
必须,应该,一定,准是,
表示说话人认为有必要做某事,
命令,
要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。
must
用来指一般现在时和一般将来时,
过去式可用
have
to
的过去式代替。
must
+
have
+
过去分词,表示现在对过去事物的推测。
must
和
have
to
的区别:
must
表示说话人的主观思想,
have
to
表示客观需要。
need
是一个情态动词,
他的用法完全和其他情态动词一样,
但
need
还可当作实义动词使用,
这时
need
就象其他动词一样,有第三人称,单复数,
后面加带
to
的动词等特性。
needn't
+
have
+
过去分词
表示过去做了没必要做的事情。
dare
除用作情态动词外,更多的是当实义动词使用,
用法同实义动词一样,要考虑人称,单复数,时态等。
ought
应当,应该
后面跟带有
to
的动词不定式。
ought
+
to
have
done
句型。指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做。
ought
not
to
have
done
句型。表示一件不该做的事情却做了。
will
(would)决心,愿望。
would
为
will
的过去式,
will,
would用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用
would
比
will
更婉转,客气。
Shall,
should表示命令,警告,允诺,征求,劝告,建议惊奇。
have
to,不得不,必须,表示客观条件只能如此,
而must
则表示主观思想必须追问那“我弟弟生病了,我要照顾他”用have
to
还是must
回答这个选must
,have
to的意识较为强,既是“不得不”有身不由己的意思,语气比must强
其实你也可以选用have
to看情况而定
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『贰』 英语中情态动词的被动语法有几种该如何用
四种。
一、基本句型结构:
1、肯定句:主语+情态动词+be+过去分词
eg: Teenagers should be allowed to go shopping.
Tables can be made of stones.
2、否定句:主语+情态动词+not +be+ 过去分词
eg: Teenagers shouldn’t be allowed to go shopping.
Tables can’t be made of stones.
3、一般疑问句:情态动词+主语+be+过去分词
eg: Should teenagers be allowed to go shopping?
Can tables be made of stones?
4、特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+情态动词+主语+be+ 过去分词
eg: What should teenagers be allowed?
What can tables be made of?
(2)英语情态动词相关语法扩展阅读
含有情态动词的主动语态与被动语态的转换:
1、 We (主语)can(情态动词) write(谓语) letters (宾语)in English.(宾语补足语)
Letters(主语)can (情态动词)be written(谓语)in English (宾语)by us. (宾语补足语)
2、Parents(主语)should(情态动词)allow(谓语)teenagers (宾语)to choose their own clothes.
Teenagers(主语)should(情态动词)be allowed (谓语)to choose their own clothes (宾语)by their parents. (宾语补足语)
3、You(主语)must(情态动词)clean(谓语)your bedroom (宾语)every day.(时间状语)
Your bedroom(主语)must(情态动词)be cleaned (谓语)every day (时间状语)by you.(宾语)
『叁』 英语语法之情态动词的用法
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。
情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列:
can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) .
情态动词的位置:
情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语之前。
情态动词的特点:
情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去,现在或将来。
He could be here soon.
他很快就来。
might 是may 的过去式, 有两种用法, 一种表示过去式,一种表示虚拟语气, 使语气更加委婉, 客气或对可能性的怀疑。
He told me he might be here on time.
他说他能按时间来。
might 是may 的过去式, 有两种用法, 一种表示过去式,一种表示虚拟语气, 使语气更加委婉, 客气或对可能性的怀疑。
He told me he might be here on time.
他说他能按时间来。
must 和 have to 的区别: must 表示说话人的主观思想, have to 表示客观需要。
need 是一个情态动词, 他的用法完全和其他情态动词一样, 但 need 还可当作实义动词使用, 这时 need 就象其他动词一样,有第三人称,单复数, 后面加带 to 的动词等特性。
I need a bike to go to school.
我上学需要一辆自行车。
『肆』 英语情态动词语法选择加讲解。
情态动词
有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。 情态动词
can 表示能力,意为 “能 会” 表示推测, 意为 “可能”, 常用于否定句和疑问句中 表示请求, 允许, 意为“可以”
could 是can 的过去式,意为“能、会”, 表示过去的能力 在疑问句中表示委婉请求
may 表示请求、许可,意为“可以” 表示推测,常用于肯定句中,意为“可能、也许”
might 是may的过去式,表推测,常用于肯定句中,意为“ 可能、也许 ” must 表示主观看法,意为“必须、应该” 表有把握的推测,用语肯定句 Need \表示需要、必须,主要用于否定句和疑问句中 dare 表示敢于,主要用于否定句和疑问句中
should 意为“ 应该”, 表示要求和命令 表示劝告、建议 had better 意为 “最好”,表示建议 used to意为 “过去常常,表示过去的动作、行为 考点一 情态动词知识清单
情态动词有具体的词义,但也同助动词一样,需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语,另外情态动词没哟人称和数的变化,情态动词后必须跟动词原形。
1. can 的用法
(1) 表示能力、许可、可能性。 表示能力时一般译为“能、会”, 即有种能力,尤其是生来具备的能力,此时may 和must 均不可代替它。 (2) 表示可能、能够。 如:I can finish it in an hour. (3)表示许可,常在口语中。如:You can use my dictionary. (4)表示推测,意为“可能”, 常用于否定句和疑问句中, 此时can‟t 译为“ 不可能”。 2. could的用法
(1) can的过去式, 意为“ 能、 会” , 表示过去的能力。 (2) could 在疑问句中, 表示委婉的语气,此时没有过去式的意思。 3. may的用法
(1)表示请求、许可, 比can 正式,
(2)表示推测,谈论可能性,意为“ 可能, 或许”,一般用于肯定句中。
(3) may的过去式为might ,表示推测时。可能性低于may 。4. must的用法
(1)must 表示主观看法,意为“必须、一定”。
(2)其否定形式mustn‟t 表示“ 一定不要 ” “千万别” “禁止, 不许”. (3)对must引导的疑问句,肯定回答为must, 否定回答为needn‟t 或 don‟t have to .
(4)must 表示有把握的推测,用于肯定句。当must 表示 肯定的判断、推测时,其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。 She must have finished writing, hasn‟t she? 5. need的用法
(1) need 表示需要、必须,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为needn‟t ,意为“没有必要,不必”。 用need 提问时,肯定回答为 must,否定回答为 needn‟t 。 如:----Need I stay here any longer? ----Yes, you must .-----No. you needn‟t .
(2) need 还可以作实义动词,此时有人称、数和时态的变化, 后边
多接动词不定式。
6. dare
的用法
dare
意为
“
敢、敢于
”,
用法近似于
need
,
有两种词性:
(
1
)
dare
作为情态动词,多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中,无第
三人称单数形式,只有一般现在时和一般过去时。
(
2
)
dare
作为实义动词,此时有人称、数及时态的变化。注意:
在
口语中,
dare
的各种形式常与不带
to
的不定式连用。
Do you dare tell
her what I said?
7.
shall
的用法
(
1
)
shall
表示征求对方意见(多用于第一、三人称)
,
Shall we go out for a walk?
(
2
)表示决心、警告、命令(
多用于第二、三人称)
,
No one shall bring your beepers or mobile phones in the exam.
8.
should
的用法
(
1
)
should
意为
“
应该
”
,
可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。
We
should protect the environment.
(
2
)
should (would)like to do sth.
表示
“
想要、
愿意做某事
”
,
常用于口
语中。
Would you like to go with me?
你想和我一起去吗?
(
3
)
Should have done
表示对过去动作的责备、批评。
You should have finished your homework.
9.
will
的用法
will
表示意愿、意志、打算,可用于多种人称。
I will help you if I‟m free this afternoon.
10.
had better
的用法
had
better
意为
“
最好
”
,没有人称的变化,后面接不带
to
的不定式,
其否定形式为:
had better not
。
We had better go now. You had better not give the book to him.
考点二
含有情态动词的疑问句
1.
由
can
、
may
、
must
构成的疑问句
(
1
)句
式
:
Can/
May/
Must…
+
主
语
+
动
词
原
形
+….
?
如
:
Can
you
repair
the
car?
Could
he
be
a
good
student? May
I
borrow
your
ruler?Must we clean the room now?
(
2
)对
may
引出的问句,可以有下列回答方式:
Yes,
of
course.
Yes, certainly.Sure.No, you mustn‟t.No, you can‟t.
(
3
)对
must
引出的疑问句,回答为:
Yes, …must.No,… needn‟t/ don‟t
have to.
2. will
,
would
,
shall
的用法
(
1
)
will
在一般疑问句中表示客气的
“
请求、
劝说
”
。
would
是
will
的
过去式,语气更加客气、委婉。
Would
you
show
me
your
picture
book? Will you please give me a call?
(
2
)对
will/ would you…
的回答方式有以下几种:
Yes, I will. (No, I
won‟t.)Sure .
(I‟m
sorry
,
I
can‟t.)All
right.Certainly.
(No,
thank
you .)
Yes, please.
(
3
)
shall
引出的疑问句用于第一人称,
表示征求对方意见或客气的
请求。其回答方式有以下几种:
Yes, please.All right. No, thank you.
考点三
不同情态动词的否定意义也不同
1.
(
1
)
can‟t
可译为
“
不会
”
,
如:
I can‟t play basketball.
我不会打篮
球。
(
2
)当句子表推测时,用
can‟t
表达不可能,
He can‟t be ill. He
is playing chess with Tom.
can‟t
还可用来回答
“ May I …? ”
这样的
问句。
May I come in ?No, you mustn‟t. / can‟t.
can‟t
还可用于固
定习语中。
She can‟t help crying.
『伍』 高中英语语法:情态动词
情态动词有四类:
①只做情态动词:must,can(could),may(might)……
②可做情态内动词又可做实义动词:容need,dare
③具有情态动词特征:have(had,has)
to,used
to
④情态动词表猜测
『陆』 英语情态动词用法
should
have+done
sth
意思:本该做什么,但是没有做。
For
example:
You
should
have
come
earlier.
你本该早点来。(言外之意就是你来得太晚了)
『柒』 英语中常用的情态动词有哪些
1 情态动词的语法特征
1) 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
2) 情态动词 除ought 和have 外,后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
3) 情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
4) 情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式。
2 比较can 和be able to
1)can could 表示能力;可能 (过去时用could),
只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。
They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。
2)只用be able to
a. 位于助动词后。
b. 情态动词后。
c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。
d. 用于句首表示条件。
e. 表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/were able to, 不能用could。
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.
= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.
注意:could不表示时态
1)提出委婉的请求,(注意在回答中不可用could)。
--- Could I have the television on?
--- Yes, you can. / No, you can't.
2)在否定,疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。
He couldn't be a bad man.
他不大可能是坏人。
3 比较may和might
1) 表示允许或请求;表示没有把握的推测;may 放在句首,表示祝愿。
May God bless you!
He might be at home.
注意: might 表示推测时,不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。
2) 成语: may/might as well,后面接不带to 的不定式,意为"不妨"。
If that is the case, we may as well try.
典型例题
Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
答案B. 表可能性只能用may. 此句意可从后半句推出。
4 比较have to和must
1) 两词都是'必须'的意思,have to 表示客观的需要, must 表示说话人主观上的看法,既主观上的必要。
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)
He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)
2) have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。
He had to look after his sister yesterday.
3) 在否定结构中: don't have to 表示"不必"
mustn't 表示"禁止",
You don't have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。
You mustn't tell him about it. 你一定不要把这件事告诉他。
5 must表示推测
1) must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为"一定"。
2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时, must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。
You have worked hard all day.You must be tired. 你辛苦干一整天,一定累了。(对现在情况的推测判断)
He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。
比较:
He must be staying there.
他现在肯定呆在那里。
He must stay there.
他必须呆在那。
3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时,must 要接完成式。
I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 我刚才没有听到电话,我想必是睡着了。
4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测,must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。
---Why didn't you answer my phone call?
---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.
5) 否定推测用can't。
If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet. 如果汤姆五点才离开这儿,他此时一定还未到家。
6 表示推测的用法
can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测,其用法如下:
1)情态动词+动词原形。
表示对现在或将来的情况的推测,此时动词通常为系动词。
I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.
2)情态动词+动词现在进行时。
表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。
At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.
这时,我们老师想必在批改试卷。
3)情态动词+动词完成时。
表示对过去情况的推测。
We would have finished this work by the end of next December.
明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。
The road is wet. It must have rained last night.
地是湿的,昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4)情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。
表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。
Your mother must have been looking for you.
你妈妈一定一直在找你。
5)推测的否定形式,疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。
Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.
迈克一定还没有找回他的车,因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。
注意:could, might表示推测时不表示时态,其推测的程度不如can, may。
7 情态动词+ have +过去分词
1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth 表示过去,推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。
Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
2) must have +done sth,对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,具有"肯定","谅必"的意思。
---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.
---She must have gone by bus.
3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth
本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做。否定句表示"不该做某事而做了"。
You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.
He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.(事实上已扔了。)
ought to 在语气上比should 要强。
4) needn't have done sth 本没必要做某事
I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn't have done so. The weather was hot.
5) would like to have done sth 本打算做某事
I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.
8 should 和ought to
should 和ought to 都为"应该"的意思,可用于各种人称。
---Ought he to go?
---Yes. I think he ought to.
表示要求,命令时,语气由 should(应该)、had better最好)、must(必须)渐强。
9 had better表示"最好"
had better 相当于一个助动词,它只有一种形式,它后面要跟动词原形。
had better do sth
had better not do sth
It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat.
She'd better not play with the dog.
had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果,意为"本来最好"。
You had better have come earlier.
10 would rather表示"宁愿"
would rather do
would rather not do
would rather… than… 宁愿……而不愿。
还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示"宁愿"、"宁可"的意思。
If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.
I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.
典型例题
----Shall we go skating or stay at home?
----Which ___ do?
A. do you rather B. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather
答案B。本题考查情态动词rather的用法,would rather +do sth 意为"宁愿",本题为疑问句,would 提前,所以选B。
11 will和would
注意:
1)would like; Would like to do = want to 想要,为固定搭配。
Would you like to go with me?
2)Will you…? Would you like…? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时,疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。
Would you like some cake?
3)否定结构中用will,一般不用would, won't you是一种委婉语气。
Won't you sit down?
12 情态动词的回答方式
问句 肯定回答 否定回答
Need you…? Yes, I must. No,I needn't
Must you…? /don't have to.
典型例题
1)---Could I borrow your dictionary?
---Yes, of course, you____.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
答案C.could表示委婉的语气,并不为时态。答语中of course,表示肯定的语气,允许某人做某事时,用can和 may来表达,不能用could或might。复习: will 与you连用,用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用,用来提出劝告。
2)---Shall I tell John about it?
---No, you ___. I've told him already.
A. needn't B. wouldn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
答案A。needn't 不必,不用。 wouldn't 将不, 不会的。 mustn't 禁止、不能。 shouldn't 不应该。本题为不需要,不必的意思,应用needn't。
3)---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
---______.
A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't D. I haven't
答案B. will既可当作情态动词,表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表"意愿、意志、决心",本题表示决心,选B。
13 带to 的情态动词
带to 的情态动词有四个:ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to ,(=must), be able to,为六个。它们的疑问,否定形式应予以注意:
Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?
She didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen.
You ought not to have told her all about it.
Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?
ought to 本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用,变疑问,否定时,须有do 等助动词协助。
典型例题
Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A.have told B.tell C.be telling D. having told
答案A。由于后句为过去时,告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因,此地应用过去完成时,但它在情态动词 ought to 后,所以用have。
14 比较need和dare
这两词既可做实义动词用,又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词,两者都只能用于疑问句,否定句和条件句。 need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to,而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。
1) 实义动词: need (需要, 要求)
need + n. / to do sth
2) 情态动词: need,只用原形need后加do,否定形式为need not。
Need you go yet?
Yes, I must. / No, I needn't.
3) need 的被动含义:need, want, require, worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动:
need doing = need to be done
『捌』 英语的情态动词有哪些
英语情态动词有c
an
,could,
may
might
,
must,
need,
ought
to,
dare
shall
should,
will
would
你的采纳我的动力
很高兴能够帮助你
『玖』 英语情态动词语法
c,b,d,a
1.虚拟语气
2. 肯定不到6岁
3. (理论上的)可能
4. 可能是...
『拾』 英语 情态动词 语法 哪 里有总结
(1)情态动词+动词完成式: must have done
(2)情态动词+动词进行式: must be doing
(3)情态动词+动词完成进行式: must have been doing
(4)某些情态动词的特殊用法: need
一、情态动词+动词完成式
情态动词+动词完成式即“情态动词+ have + done分词”,表示对过去行为或动作进行推测、评论或判断。
1. must have done
must have done 表示对过去某事的肯定猜测。其否定或疑问形式都用can(could) 来表示.
例如: Since the road is wet, it must have rained last night.
He can’t have missed the way. I drew him a map.
“The dictionary has disappeared. Who could have taken it?”
当然对现在发生或将来发生的事情,要用must do 表示猜测, 否定为can’t do.
He must understand that we mean business.
You must be hungry after a long walk.
2.may / might have done
may / might have done 表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.may 比 might 表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。例如:
I can’t find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday.
3. could have done 在肯定句型中, 往往用作委婉的批评. 本应该做什么,而没做; 有时也用作猜测.
You could have told us earlier.
Tom could have taken the dictionary.
4. ought to / should have done和 ought not to / shouldn’t have done
ought to / should have done 和 ought not to / shouldn’t have done 用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、“不满”,分别表示“本应该…”和“本不应该…”。例如:
1)With all the work finished, I should have gone to the party last night.
2)You ought not to have made fun of him. He is not the one you laugh at but learn from.
5. needn’t have done
needn’t have done 表示过去做了某事,但没有做的必要, 意为“本没必要…”。例如:
You needn’t have waken me up; I don’t have to go to work today.
注:表示推测过去某动作发生的可能性时,就表示的可能性程度而言,must最大,could其次,may更次之,might最小。例如:
“I wonder how Tom knew about your past.”
“He must / could / may / might have heard of it from Mary.”
二、情态动词+动词进行式
情态动词+行为动词进行式(即情态动词+ be + doing形式),表示推测或评论某动作现在是否正在进行。例如:
1)He must be playing basketball in the room.
2)She may be staying at home.
三、情态动词+动词完成进行式
情态动词+行为动词完成进行式(即情态动词+ have been + v-ing 形式),表示推测或评论过去某动作是否正在进行或一直在进行。例如:
1)They should have been meeting to discuss the problem.
2)He may / might have been buying stamps in the post office when you saw him.
四、某些情态动词的特殊用法
1. need
考试中主要测试 need 作情态动词与作实义动词的区别。情态动词need与实义动词need 在时态、肯定、否定结构上的对比见下表。
时态 情态动词need 实义动词 need
现在时
He need (needn’t) do
Need he do….?
He needs (doesn’t need) to do
过去时
He needed (didn’t need) to do
将来时
He need (needn’t) do
Need he do….?
He will (not) need to do
注: need 一般用于否定句或疑问句.
2. dare 考试中主要测试dare作情态动词和作实义动词的区别。
情态动词dare 与实义动词dare 在时态、肯定、否定、疑问结构上的对比见下 表。
句型 情态动词dare 实义动词 dare
肯定句
现在时 dare to 少用
过去时 dare to 少用
现在时 dare/dares to do
过去时 dared to do
否定句
现在时 daren’t/dare not do
过去时 dared not do
现在时 do/does not dare (to) do
过去时 did not dare (to) do
疑问句
现在时 Dare he do?
过去时 Dared he do?
现在时 Do you/Does he dear (to) do?
过去时 Did he dare (to) do
3. can 和 may
考试中主要测试can,may或could,might表示可能性的区别及对may构成的疑 问句的回答。
(1)can, could, may, might都可以表示可能性.can, could表示潜在的可能性或理论上或逻辑判断上存在的可能性;而may, might则表示事实上的可能性。此外,can还具有“有能力”的意思,而may与might则不具此意。例如:
According to the weather forecast, it may rain tomorrow.
Any man with a little sense can see that he is wrong.
(2)May I / we …?这一类疑问句的肯定回答为Yes, please.或Certainly;否定回答为Please don’t.或No, you mustn’t. 例如:
“May we leave now?” “No, you mustn’t. You haven’t finished your home work yet.”
4. can 和 be able to
can 与 be able to 都可以表示能力,但两者在用法上有点差异:can (could)表示主观能力,不表示意愿,它的将来时用will be able to; be able to表示主观意愿,强调要克服困难去做某事。例如:
1)My grandma is over seventy, but she can still read without glasses.
5. must 和 have to
must 和 have to 都可以表示“必须”,但有几点区别:
(1)must 强调“内在的职责”、“义务”,而have to 强调“外界压力”、“不得已而为之”。
(2)have to可用于多种时态,而must一般用于现在时,其过去时与将来时分别由had to与shall / will have to代替。
(3)在回答must引起的问题时,如果是否定的答复,不能用mustn’t,而要用needn’t或don’t have to,因为mustn’t是“一定不要”、“一定不能”的意思。例如:
You must come to the classroom before eight.
2)It is raining hard outside, but I have to leave now.
3)“Must we do it now?” “No, you needn’t.”
6. used to +do, be used to +doing和be used to +do
(1)used to +v意为“过去常常”,“过去一直”;be used to +v-ing / n(名词)意为“习惯于”;be used to +v意为“被用来(做某事)”。
(2)used to只表示过去,而be used to +v-ing / n可表示现在、过去或将来。例如:
1)He used to smoke. Now he doesn’t.
2)He’s quite used to hard work / working hard.
3)The knife is used to cut bread.
7.用作情态动词的其他短语 would rather, would sooner, would (just) as soon, had rather, had better, had sooner, can not but, may (just) as well等可用作情态动词。例如:
1)The soldier would sooner die than surrender.
2)The brave soldier would as soon die as yield to such an enemy.
3)I’d rather walk than take a bus.
4)If you don’t like to swim, you may just as well stay at home.
注:这些短语后一般直接跟动词原形.would (had) rather, would (had) sooner, would (just) as soon后可跟that 引导的从句,that 常省去,从句要用虚拟语气。对现在和将来的假设用过去时,对过去的假设用过去完成时。例如:
1)I would rather you came on Sunday.
2)I would sooner you hadn’t asked