㈠ 有什么英语教材是描述初中英语所有语法的要大全一点，重点语句多一点的。
不二选择，奥风英语的《中考语法完 全突破》，包括 视频，大纲和练习，学记练三件配版套使用，权效果特佳，也 称 中学 语法 三剑客，中 考 版。网络 中 考 语 法 完 全 突 破 即可在线收看，可以 先 搜来 看下。
㈡ 英语各种语法全解
1. 动词的时态和语态
1．1 动词的时态和语态一览表
时态语态 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时
主动被动 doare done didwere done will dowill be done
现在进行时 过去进行时 将来进行时
主动被动 are doingare being done were doingwere being done will be doing
现在完成时 过去完成时 将来完成时
主动 被动 have donehave been done had donehad been done will have donewill have been done
现在完成进行时
主动 被动 have been doing
1.2 动词主要时态的意义及运用
1) 现在完成时，过去完成时和将来完成时
英语提示语：up to now, so far, for three years, since 1995, over past ten years, by the end of this week, by the year of 1995
汉语提示语：已经，早已，了
e.g. We haven’t met each other since last year.
By the end of this week, we’ll have finished the task.
2) 现在完成进行时
从过去一直持续到现在，没有间断。
汉语提示语：一直
e.g. The water has been running the whole night.
3) 过去完成时
a) said, reported, thought 等引导的间接引语中。
e.g. He missed the train. He said he had missed the train.
b) hardly…when, no sooner… than
e.g. No sooner had he got up than he received the call.
c) 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的条件状语从句中
e.g. If I had tried harder, I would have won.
I wish I had done better in the exam.
历年考题中的动词时态和语态
1. Much of the carbon in the earth ___ (come) from things that once lived.
2. In the past two decades, research ___ (expand) our knowledge about sleep and dream.
3. Some proverbs ___ (be) in the language for 1,000 years, for example, A friend in need is a friend indeed.
4. ___ (stand) at the gate was a young man in green coat.
5. In 1991, after the Gulf War, Bush’s approved rating reached 91 percent, the highest level recorded since polling ___ (begin) in the 19302.
6. Seeing violence on television or reading about it in the newspapers every day ___ (make) us tolerate crime more than we should.
7. So far, Irving ___ (live) in New York City for ten years.
8. The patient ___ (send) to another hospital before we got there.
9. The second half of the nineteenth century ___ (witness) the first extended translation into English of the writings of Eliphas Levi.
10. All the worries they might have felt for him ___ (drive) off by the sight of his cheerful face.
Key:
1. comes 一般现在时，主语为不可数名词，谓语用单数
2. has expanded 现在完成时
3. has been 现在完成时
4. Standing 过去进行时的倒装形式
5. began 一般过去时
6. makes 一般现在时，动名词做主语，谓语用单数
7. has been living 现在完成进行时
8. had been sent 过去完成时的被动形式
9. witnessed 一般过去时
10. were driven 一般过去时的被动
2. 非谓语动词
2.1 动词主要时态和语态一览表
非谓语动词 形式 意义
现在分词
一 般 式 Doing 主动, 正在进行
被 动 式 being done 被动, 正在进行
完成主动式 having done 主动, 已经完成
完成被动式 having been done 被动, 已经完成
过去分词 Done 被动, 已经完成
动词不定式
一 般 式 To do 主动,将要进行
被 动 式 To be done 被动, 将要进行
完成主动式 To have done 主动, 已经完成
进行主动式 To be doing 主动, 正在进行
2.2. 非谓语动词作状语
•动词不定式：1）目的状语；2）结果状语
e.g. I came here to meet you. （目的）
He hurried to the rail station only to miss the train. （结果）
•分词：1) 伴随状语；2）原因状语；3）条件状语 4）让步状语；5）时间状语
e.g. Walking along the street, he met his old friend. （时间）
Being very tired, my father didn’t go out with us. （原因）
Made by hand, the silk shirt is very expensive. （原因）
Seen from the space, the earth looks like a blue ball. (条件)
2.3 非谓语动词，状语从句和独立结构
1) Having done their homework, the children began to play. (分词作状语)
2) After having done their homework, the children began to play. （连词+分词）
3) After they had done their homework, the children began to play. （状语从句）
4) With homework done, the children began to play. （独立结构）
2.4 非谓语动词作定语
1) If there is no choice, there is no decision ___ (make). (to be made)
2) Do you know the man ____ ( stand) in front of the house? (standing)
3) The question ____ (discuss) at the moment is very important. (being discussed)
4) The bridge ____ (build) in the 1950s is still in good condition. (built)
2.5 动名词和动词不定式
• 作主语和表语
动名词作主语/表语表示一般、抽象的情况；动词不定时作主语表示具体某次的情况。
e.g Rising early is good for health.
To rise early tomorrow is difficult for me.
It is difficult for me to rise early tomorrow.
My biggest wish is to go abroad.
Seeing is believing.
• 作宾语
接动名词作宾语的动词：
admit, acknowledge, avoid, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, forgive, finish, include, involve, mind, put off, postpone, suggest, feel like, look forward to, be used to, be accustomed to, etc.
接动词不定式作宾语的动词：
want, tend, intend, pretend, hope, plan, expect, be supposed to, seem, be likely to, used to, be willing to, desire, force, prefer, start, begin
接动名词和动词不定式有不同含义的动词：
1) forget, remember, regret
2) stop, continue
3) need/ want
4) allow doing/ allow sb to do
(1) How can I forget meeting you for the first time?
Sorry, I forgot to lock the door.
(2) I can’t stop laughing. Can you stop to give me a hand?
(3) The grass needs cutting. The grass needs to be cut.
(4) We don’t allow smoking here. You are not allowed to smoke here.
历年考题中的非谓语动词
1. A man cannot be really happy if what he enjoys ___ (do) is ignored by society as of no value or importance.
2. Anyone ___(want) to understand the instry of the future will have to know about robotics.
3. It is a well-known fact that a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes ___ (control) his direction.
4. As research techniques become more advanced, the number of animals ___ (use) in experiments may decrease.
5. It seems reasonable to assume that, other things ___ (be) equal, they would prefer single to shared rooms.
6. This poem, if ___ (translate) word for word into Chinese, will make no sense.
7. They may have their passports _____ (remove), making leaving or “escaping” actually impossible.
8. Her body, with hands and feet ____ (bind), was discovered by a traveler early in the morning.
9. I couldn’t help but ___ (feel) this is a very strange life.
10. Let us consider the earth as a planet ____ (revolve) round the sun.
Key:
1. doing 动名词做enjoy的宾语
2. wanting 现在分词作定语
3. to control 动词不定式作目的状语
4. used 过去分词作定语
5. being 现在分词用在独立结构中
6. translated 连词加过去分词作状语
7. removed 过去分词作宾补
8. bound 过去分词用在独立结构中
9. feel couldn’t help but 后接动词原形
10. revolving 现在分词作定语
3. 虚拟语气
第一大类：非真实条件下的虚拟语气
时间 从句 主句
与现在事实相反 did/ were should/could/would + do
与过去事实相反 had done should/could/would + have done
与将来事实相反 were to doshould do should/could/would + do
e.g. If I were you, I would be happy to do it.
If we had got the news, we could have prepared earlier.
If the job were to succeed, you should work harder.
第二大类：从句中用过去时或过去完成时的虚拟语气
1) would rather + 从句
2) wish + 从句
3) if only + 从句
4) as if/ as though + 从句
5) It’s time + 从句
e.g. I would rather you didn’t tell me the story now.
I would rather you had told me the story yesterday.
第三大类：从句中用should加动词原形的虚拟语气，其中should可省略。
1) suggest, propose, advise, move(动议), ask, order, require, request, desire, insist, prefer 等动词后接的宾语从句；
2) suggestion, proposal, advice, motion, order, requirement, request, desire, preference等名词后的同位语从句；
3) important, necessary, essential, imperative, desirable, advisable, preferable 等形容词用在it is … that…句型中；
4) lest, in case, for fear that 等引导的从句中。
e.g. It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
It is my suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.
It is necessary that the meeting (should) be put off.
He came to the office earlier lest he (should) miss the important meeting.
历年考题中的虚拟语气
1. If it hadn’t been for your help, we ___ (be) in real trouble. He would have given you more help, if he ___ (not be) so busy.
3. It is high time that we ___ (take) firm measures to protect our environment.
4. It was imperative that students ___ (finish) their papers before July 1st.
5. They demanded that the right to vote ___ (give) to every alt person.There was a mistake on my paycheck. I _____(receive) $10 more.I would rather he ____ ( buy) the house next year. The manager told us to be friendly to the visitors as if we ___ (meet) them before.
9. Should she come tomorrow, I ___ take her to the museum.
[A] can [B] will [C] would [D] must
10. If we ___ everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.
[A] hadn’t got [B] didn’t get [C] wouldn’t have got [D] wouldn’t get
Key:
1. would have been 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的主句
2. had not been 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的从句
3. took It is high time +过去式的虚拟形式
4. should finish/finish It was imperative that+动词原形的虚拟形式
5. be given demand所接宾语从句用动词原形的虚拟形式
6. should have received 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的主句，表示“本应该收到”而实际上没有。
7. bought would rather后接宾语从句，从句用过去式表示虚拟语气。
8. had met as if 所引导的从句用过去完成式表示虚拟语气。
9. C 与将来事实相反的虚拟语气的主句。
10. A 从句与现在事实相反，但本身已经是现在完成时（从by now可以看出），所以变为过去完成时。
结束语：
掌握语法题的要诀在于1）牢记上述表格；2）分清楚题目属于哪种具体情况；3）熟练套用正确形式；4）最后再检查一下是否应作必要的改动：如是否被动，三人称动词后加s，动词的不规则变化等。在理解上述表格的适用条件后，再通过大量作题来巩固，及时纠正出现的错误，我们一定能攻克语法难题，在语法部分得到一个理想的分数！
____…., …..
leave me _worrying__ (worry)
Leave the book _damaged__ (damage)
Enable me to solve the problem .
Enable the problem to be solved
I would rather not go with you.
I would rather I didn’t go with you.
It’s time it _was done_ (do) immediately.
It’s time to do it immediately.
He acted as if the book had been written (write) by him.
Command, demand
The order which/that is given by my boss is hard to carry out.
The order that the task should be finished (finish) today is hard to carry out.
1. Studies have shown ___ teenagers often suffer from depression.
A. that B. which C. in which D. in that
2. ____ driving around all day looking for somewhere to park, why don’t you take a bus to town?
A. In spite of B. Rather than
C. In place of D. other than
He hasn’t read one book _other than__ novels.
He has read no book other than novels.
3. In his composition there were no other errors ___ a few misspelled words.
A. except B. besides C. than D. beside
4. In deciding ___ a course of action, the candidates tried to estimate its likely impact on the voters.
A. how to pursue B. whether to pursue
C. how pursuing D. whether pursuing
5. The kids are ___ be hungry when they get home—they always are.
A. obliged to B. bound to C. desired to D. motivated to
6. It is said the conference is ____ (hold) in this hall next month. Is to be held
7. Little did they realize that they had made_ (make) an important discovery in science.
8. A life lived (live) without fantasy and daydreaming is a really poor life indeed.
9. They proposed that the chance (that is available to them) be explained____ (explain) in detail.
10. (They are afraid that) everything well prepared (prepare), they may still lose the game.
11. While compelled (compel) to make the decision in a hurry, he made the right choice.
12. He is said/known/reported to have made (make) a lot of money before he was thirty years old.
He is said to take the job next week.
He is said to have taken the job last week.
I find him to have made a lot of money…
He is found to have made…
He said he had made
13. He would like to buy a used_ (use) car instead of a new one.
14. Having been deprived of all his money, he had to find a job to support himself.
15. How can you explain the phenomenon that occurs (occur) again and again in our daily life?
㈢ 初中英语语法大全
学英语一开始要学发音。英语是拼音文字，由字母组单字。英语字母共有二十六个，其中字母a、e、i、o、u是元音字母，其余二十一个是辅音字母，其中y字母有时当元音字母用。每个字母可以有一个或一个以上的读音，因此，英语语音共有五十个音位，音位的书写形式是音位字母，即音标符号，一个音位字母即音标，表示一个音位，所以，必须先学习五十个KK音标，然后根据发音规则拼读单字。下面是一些常用的发音规则。
一、辅音字母在单字中的发音一般是一对一的，如p-b、t-d、k（qu）、f-v、s-z、r、h、j、m、n、l、w就发它的本音，一般字母和音标写法一致，或者字母名称当中，包含了这个字母的音素。
二、有些辅音字母有多个发音。如：字母c后面接a，o，u的时候，c的发音与字母k发音相同，叫做“hard c sound”，当字母c后面接e，i，或y的时候，通常c的发音与字母s发音相同，叫做“soft c sound” 。有时在e或i前面，c会发/ʃ/音。字母g后面接a，o，u的时候，所发的音叫做“hard g sound” ，当字母g后面接e，i，或y的时候，有时g的发音与字母j的发音相同，叫做“软g音”。x在单词中间或结尾时发/ks/音，在单词中间时有时发/gz/音，在单词起始位置时发/z/音。y在单词起始位置时发音为辅音/j/，单词或音节中间或结尾时被当做元音，在重读开音节里发长元音/aɪ/，在重读闭音节里和词末发短元音/ɪ/。
三、辅音字母组合的发音也是有规律可循的。常见的辅音字母组合有：tr-dr，发音时舌身与r相似，舌尖贴上齿龈后部，气流冲破阻碍发出短促的t-d后立刻发r。ck只发一个k的音，ng的发音是舌头抵住上颚后方所发出的鼻音，n在k之前也这样发音。
四、复合字母构成的单音。digraph是两个（或三个）辅音字母在一起只发一个音，通常指以下四种组合：ch（tch），sh，wh和th。ch发/tʃ/音，sh发/ʃ/音，一般来说wh发/hw/音（清辅音），但在o前面发/h/音，th的发音则需要一些记忆力了，在虚词和一部分代词中发浊音（舌尖在上下牙齿中间，声带需要振动，声音从牙齿和舌头之间的缝隙里出来），其它以th开始的单词基本上都发清音（舌尖在上下牙齿中间，声音从牙齿和舌头之间的缝隙里出来，但是声带不振动）。
五、在有些辅音字母组合中，其中一个字母是不发音的，如kn中的k、ps中的p、mb和bt里的b、mn里的m、wr中的w。在罗曼语族词汇里，辅音字母h一般也不发音；而在法语词源的外来语里，辅音字母在词末也不发音，如depot、ballet、faux pas等。
六、英语里元音的发音比较复杂，每个元音都可以发多个音，掌握了元音的发音规律才能对整个单词的发音有比较准确的掌握。元音字母有五个：a，e，i，o，u，另外y在一个单词的中间或结尾时也被当做元音。每个单词里都包含有至少一个元音，元音是单词的“最强音”。元音所发的音取决于该元音在单词中的位置或它是如何与其它元音组合的。一般来说，如果五个元音字母中的任意一个后面紧接着一个或几个辅音字母，这个元音字母就处于重读闭音节中，发成短音：a发/æ/、e发/ɛ/、i和y都发/ɪ/音、o发/α/、u发/ʌ/音。
七、如果一个单词以字母e结尾，前面的元音发长音，叫做重读相对开音节（magic e）。如果一个元音是在一个单词或重读音节的结尾，该元音也发长音，叫做重读开音节，所谓长音就是元音字母的名字，如：a的长音为/e/，e的长音为/i/，i和y的长音都是/aɪ/，o的长音为/o/，u的长音为/ju/。重读相对开音节结尾的字母e只起到让前面的元音发长音的作用，自己是不发音的。
八、当一个单词或音节里有两个元音时，通常第一个元音发长音，第二个元音不发音，叫做vowel digraph。但是al、au、aw、ou、o有时发/ɔ/这个音，也是长元音。但是，在一些特殊情况下，元音后面紧接着辅音字母的时候，该元音是发长音的。如o在st、ld前，i在gh、gn、ld、nd前都要发长音，但元音字母o接st时有时也发成长元音/ɔ/，如cost，lost等。
九、双元音是两个元音音素组合在一起的，所以听上去有两个音，尽管这两个音并不是两个元音所单独发出的，如oi（oy）和ou（ow）分别发/ɔɪ/和/aʊ/音。
十、元音字母与r结合起来后，发卷舌音，如ar发/αr/、or发/ɔr/、er、ir、ur都发/ɝ/。
十一、五个元音字母在非重读音节中发弱元音/ə/。
学会了发音后，再开始学词汇和语法。英语属于印欧语系的日耳曼西部语支，英语的词汇有开放性，一部分是日耳曼语族词汇，一部分是罗曼语族词汇，还有一部分是从法语、德语、西班牙语、意大利语、拉丁语、希腊语、阿拉伯语以及其它语言引进的词汇。英语属于屈折语，但是它的屈折变化形式相对比较少，除了名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词有词形变化外，数词、冠词、介系词、连接词、感叹词都是不变的，只有简单句、并列句、复合句三种句子结构，词序比较固定。只要你用心学，一定能学好英语这门语言的，希望我能帮助到你。
㈣ 英语有哪些主要语法知识
难度上，初中较高中浅。高中较全面。不用担心语法。考得较少且高三会系统过一遍。单词很重要。从现在背起为时不晚。语法有定语。同位语等
㈤ 语法梳理全部英语
《高中英语语法通霸》对英语知识的梳理很到位。网上能下载电子文档。学英语就要下决心把英语学好，一点一点地学，还要反复复习。如果只为应付作业那就没意义了，
有语言学家说过：“语言是语法化的词汇。”也就是说，语言是按照语法规则组织起来的词汇。一句话表达得是否正确，主要是看它是否符合语法规则；任何一个错句，都能从语法上找到原因。因此，学好语法是学好一门语言的基础。
在当前的英语教学中，上面倡导要淡化语法教学，要重视学生综合应用能力的培养。实施这么多年来，老师们普遍感到学生准确应用英语的能力下降了很多，特别是“写”的能力。大部分学生写的英语作文“惨不忍睹”。这实际上是淡化语法教学所产生的严重后果。
学习母语不学语法只要“浸泡”得多就能学好，但在我国英语毕竟是一门外语，连第二语言都不是，只靠“浸泡”而不通过学习语法知识来帮助理清规律，至少对于相当多的学生是不适用的。一些没有学好语法的学生去美国上学，他们整天“浸泡”在英语环境中，“听”、“说”的能力提高了不少，但很多人“写”的能力却鲜有提高。
语法差的学生，总是感到自己的英语一塌糊涂。许多学生英语从“差”中逆转过来，就是从学好语法开始的。只有学好了语法，才能写出语法正确、句式灵活的句子来；只有学好了语法，才能读懂文章中的长难句；只有学好了语法，才能快速提高自己的“听”、“说”能力。语法是什么？语法是帮助你解决“写”、“读”、“说”、“听”中遇到的困难的知识的总称，语法是指导你正确使用英语的精华知识。
但现在许多人都害怕英语语法。一方面是因为现在盛行的教学理论在作怪，学校教学过于淡化语法教学，过于强调语言的“习得”，导致学生的语法基础较差。另一方面，是因为没有合适的语法资料。教材上的语法讲解，“千呼万唤始出来，犹抱琵琶半遮面”，总是放不下架子，就是讲一点，其深度比考试的难度要低得多，根本靠不住。书店里的语法资料，一类是语法大家们编的，旨在解释一些语法现象，本来就不是给高中学生看的，有些知识学生看了没有用，有些知识学生根本看不懂。再一类就是一些名校编的资料，由于编写有时间有限、稿酬是按编的页数给的，这类资料大部分粗制滥造，总是先笼统地讲解一下，再弄点题一凑就好了。结果是，考点没讲清，练习针对性又不强，学生前学后忘，印象不深。
本书由有二十多年教学经验的一线教师所编，原是编者在平时教学备课中精细编写的教学讲义，经过多年修改完善，日臻系统、成熟。发到网上后，成为热门资料，在热心读者的推荐下，获得出版社的正式出版。在编排上，本书有以下特点：
一、针对性强。在编写时，用的是“归纳”法。先下载近十几年的高考真题，按考点逐题归类，归类时特别注意了学生学习过程中的难点和易混点。最后再在需要的地方加上必要的讲解，因此重点、难点突出，详略得当，针对性强。
二、选题经典。书中绝大部分练习题都是经过精挑细选的高考真题。在选择练习题时，主要是从其典型性、思维容量和所含语言点是否丰富，写作是否能用，里面是否含有完形填空可能出的词等多个方面考虑。因此也有相当多的题是保留了十几年前的题而舍弃了近几年的高考题。
三、题量科学。我们发现，针对每个考点的练习量如果过大的话，效果也不好。练习量少的话，譬如两三个，我们就可以轻松自如地在脑中翻动、回味这些题，效果反而更好。因此，就忍痛删去了许多来之不易的好题。
四、重视习题排序。有人说，像这样把同类型的题编排在一起，学生容易猜到答案，而不去思考。于是我们就做了一个实验，我们把不同类型的题混在一起，但再看时，发觉做后效果反而不好了，做后印象不深、规律在脑中不清晰。然后又把题按类型编排，同类型的题列在一起，再看一下，感觉真好！学知识同如向某个空间放东西一样，有条理了就好放也好找，杂乱了就不好放，用时也不容易找到。科学家对大脑的研究也表明，信息在脑中存放、排列是有规律的。
五、考点目录化。本书编了详细的目录，分为“章”、“讲”和“考点”三个级别。老师想讲解某个知识点或者学生想查看某个知识点的讲解时，可以借助目录轻松找到。
六、练习题型多样化，适用于多个题型的备考。本书每一节分为两部分。“考点精讲精练”先按考点进行简明讲解，然后以单选题的形式强化所学考点知识。“综合技能提升”以单句改错、语法填空、汉译英三种形式对所学的重点语法知识再进一步巩固。这部分的练习题，大部分来自高考真题，但又不拘泥于高考真题，可以从根本上来提高学生做短文改错、语法填空、书面表达的能力。“长难句分析技巧”一章介绍的“七字秘诀”是破解长难句的钥匙，有利于提高学生的阅读能力。
本书的这种编排，适合全国各省考生的使用。学生一看就懂，一做就会，有效地解决了语法学习中费时低效的问题。老师利用这本资料，可以使语法课不再空洞乏味。学生利用这本书，可以使语法学习变得有趣高效，优生可以利用此书来巩固自己的学科优势，待优生可以利用此书来实现英语上的彻底逆转。
本书使用方法：
与其看好多书，前看后忘，还不如反复把一本书看熟。因此，在心中要树立“我要把这本书上所有的题都做熟”这个目标，要有“只要把这本书学好，我的语法就是最棒的”这种信念。本书的使用方法：认真做、反复看。
做：如果时间允许的话，可以从前到后按顺序全做；如果时间不允许的话，可以挑自己不太懂的专题或重点专题有针对性地做。
查：在做别的资料上的练习遇到难题时，可以借助本书前面的目录方便地找到相应的考点，里面有讲解、有针对性的练习，从而有效地解决学生遇到的问题。
读：还有同学花费大量时间来“读”这本书，效果也非常好。“读”并不是死记硬背，因为“读”可以使“看题”的速度慢下来，从而可以使学生有更多的时间去思考、去理解掌握语法规律。本书所选习题大都语言点丰富，读熟后对提高写作能力和做完形能力的帮助也很大。
使用此书的注意事项：
速度要慢：要读完每个选项，既要知道为什么要选这个，也要知道为什么不选那几个。
标记难题：对做错的题或一些好题，要做上标记，以便随后复习。
及时复习：对标记过的题，还有用粉红底纹标记出的概念及要点，都要及时复习，这样才能提高学习效率；要反复复习，这样才能确保学习效果。
要“有效”学习：一章完全学会弄熟后再学下一章，这样才有成就感。学习最忌讳半生不熟，前学后忘。