1. 英语必修二第四单元的知识点
1．suggest
【原句回放】but I’d like to help as the WWF suggests. (Page26)
【点拨】suggest vt. 建议，提出，使想起，暗示
1) 接名词、代词或动名词
That girl's sun-tanned face suggests excellent health.
He suggested going out for a walk.
2) 接从句，构成：
It is suggested that... 有人提议……
I suggest that... 我觉得/认为
The doctor suggested that I (should) come again next day.
【拓展】
1) 当suggest表“建议”时，从句中要用虚拟语气；当suggest表“暗示”，从句中用陈述语气。
如：He suggested that the meeting（should）be put off. 他建议这个会议应该推迟。
His expression suggests that he didn’t sleep well last night.
他的表情说明他昨晚没睡好。
2) suggest的名词为suggestion，其后接表语从句或同位语从句时，从句中也用虚拟语气。
如：My suggestion is that we（should) add some sand to the soil. （表语从句）
His suggestion that you（should）eat more vegetables to lose weight is reasonable.
(同位语从句)
【随时练】
He came to my class every week, but his attitude ______ he was not really interested in the subject.
A. expressed B. described C. explained D. suggested
【答案与解析】D。题干的意思是“他每周来我班里，但他的态度表明他不是真的对这门课程感兴趣。”比较四个词的意思：expressed“表达、表述”；described“描写”；explained“解释”；suggested“暗示、表明”。
2．die out
【原句回放】 As a result these endangered animals may even die out. (Warming up)
【点拨】die out
1）灭绝，绝种
Elephants would die out soon if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wish.
如果人类可以如愿地射杀掉大量大象，那么大象将会很快灭绝。
2）逐渐消失
Many old customs are dying out. 很多老的习俗将要逐渐消失。
3）熄灭
The fire died out in the end. 火最后熄灭了。
【拓展】die away （声，光，风等）渐弱
die off （家庭成员，种族等）相继死亡，草木枯死。
die down （火，兴奋等）渐弱，渐息
die of 因……而死(死于疾病、情感等)
die from 因……而死
be dying to do 很想做，渴望做
【随时练】
1. Now some creatures are in danger of ______.
A. dying out B. dying off C. dying of D. dying from
2. The practice of children working in factories has nearly ______.
A. died off B. died out C. died D. died down
【答案与解析】1.A 2.B
1. 句意为: 现在一些动物有灭绝的危险。 die off 是指多个主体的相继死去。C,D两项后要接宾语。
2. 根据拓展，题意应解释为“几乎消失”。die down是声音等逐渐消失，不合题意。。
3．affect
【原句回放】It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes. (P26)
【点拨】 vt. 影响, 感动, 侵袭
如：Smoking affects health. 吸烟影响健康。
We were deeply affected by the news. 我们深深被这消息所感动。
【拓展】affect和effect用法辨析：
1）effect是名词，意为“结果”、“效力”、“影响”，常用在 have effect on等词组中。如：
The medicine has little effect on the old man. 这药对那老人几乎没有效果。
Punishment almost had no effect on the naughty boy. 惩罚对这个顽皮的孩子几乎没有用。
come into effect 开始生效，开始实施
have an effect on 对……有影响； 对……起作用，产生效果
in effect 正在实行
2）affect 指“产生的影响之大足以引起反应”,着重“影响”的动作, 有时含有“对......产生不利
影响”的意思。
如：The rise in prices will affect all classes. 价格的涨幅将会影响到各阶层的人。
The climate affected his health. 气候影响了他的健康。
【随时练】
The incident ______ the relations between the two countries.
A. affected B. effect C. effort D. had an effect
【答案与解析】A。该题基本为词义辨析，结合句子意思最关键。“这个事件影响了两个国家的关系”，句子需要谓语。
4．with的复合结构
【原句回放】There Daisy saw an antelope looking sad.(P26)
【点拨】原句可换为There Daisy saw an antelope with a sad face looking at her.
“with+复合宾语”即“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构。
众所周知，能够充当with的宾语的通常是名词和代词，问题的关键是宾语补足语的形式，结构如下：
1) with +宾语 +形容词
You mustn’t sleep with the door open.
2）with +宾语+ 副词
He has a bad habit of sleeping with the light on.
3）with +宾语+ 介词短语
A woman came in with a baby in her arms.
4）with +宾语+不定式
With so much work to do, he could not go home.
5）with +宾语+现在分词
Coming into the school, we may find rows of classroom with trees standing in front of
them.
6）with +宾语+ 过去分词
With the task completed, we may have a good rest now.
【拓展】“with+复合宾语”在句中的作用
1)“with+复合宾语”结构在句中主要作状语。
如：With the old man leading, the soldiers started toward the mountains.
在老人的带领下，士兵们开始向山里进发。
Two soldiers stand at the gate with a gun in their hands.
两个士兵手里拿着枪站在大门口。
2)“with+复合宾语”结构可在句中作定语。如 ：
The room with the window half open is my bedroom. 那个半开窗户的屋子是我的卧室。
There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.
在白色的房子前面有很多排树。
【随时练】
______ proction up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.
A. As B. For C. With D. Through
【答案与解析】答案C。选项和后面的名词及副词up构成with复合结构。整句意思为“产量增长了60%，公司又经历了一个极好的年头。”其他词不能构成此结构。
5．peace
【原句回放】About 30—40 remain after being left in peace with no hunting.（Warming up）
【点拨】peace
1）安静，平静
Don’t disturb her. Just leave her in peace for a while.
不要打扰她，让她安静一会儿。
There was a short peace, but then another war broke out.
短暂的和平后又有一场战争爆发。
2）治安
The UN troops were busy keeping the peace in that area.
联合国部队正忙于维持那个地区的治安。
3）和解，和睦
We tried to make peace with them.
我们试图和他们和解
【拓展】in peace 和平地，安心地
at peace 平静地
at peace with 与……处于和平状态（反义词at war with）
peaceful adj. 安静的
【随时练】
It is our hope that the two countries will live ____ forever.
A. in a peace B. in peace C. peaceful D. in peacefully
【答案与解析】B。从句的意思是“两个国家永远和平相处”。A项的结构是不正确的；因为空白处要填状语，故C项不正确；D项，把in 去掉就可以了。
6．contain
【原句回放】It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes.(P26)
【点拨】contain
1）包含；装有
This book contains all the information you need. 这本书包含所有你需要的信息。
2）容纳
The hall can contain 500 people. 大厅能容纳500人。
3）抑制
She couldn’t contain herself for the joy. 她高兴得难以自制。
contain 和 include
contain 指作为组成部分而被“包含”或“容纳”。
include 指作为整体中的一部分而被包括进去，使用“句子，including +被包括部分”。
【随时练】
1. In the accident, five passengers were killed, ______ a foreigner.
A. including B. included
C. include D. which were included
2. The bag ________ a lot of books ___________ some English books and history books.
【答案与解析】1. A 2. contains；including
1. 本题考察的是include的一种特殊用法。从句子结构来说，已经有了主语和谓语，空格中就不应是谓
语，而是非谓语动词。此处including 可以看作介词用法。
2.书包中“装有”许多书籍，有容纳之意，故首空填contain。
7．protect...from
【原句回放】I’m protecting myself from mosquitoes. (Page 26)
【点拨】protect...from 保护……免受……危害
protect sb./ sth. from + n
protect sb./ oneself from +doing
protect A against B 保护A免遭B的危害
如：He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.
他戴着太阳镜以遮挡强烈的阳光
I’ll protect you /myself from being insulted. 我将保护你（我自己）免受侮辱。
【拓展】 keep sb. from doing sth.
stop sb. (from) doing sth. 均为阻止某人干某事
prevent sb. (from) doing sth.
如：The school stopped the students from playing computer games. 学校阻止学生玩电脑游戏。
常用的词组：under the protection 在……的保护之下
a protection against/ from 防……的保护物
give /provide protection 提供保护
【随时练】
Flowers in our garden are well protected ______ the weather.
A. on B. to C. against D. with
【答案与解析】C。本题考查的是protect 与介词from 或against 连用的用法。表示“免遭”。
8．reserve
【原句回放】Wolong Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province (Warming up)
【点拨】 reserve
1) 保护区 n.
nature reserve自然保护区
We have large reserve of oil. 我们有很大的油区。
2) 储藏，贮备 n.
I must keep a good reserve of energy for tomorrow’s match.
我必须为了明天的比赛保留充足的体力。
3) 预约，预定 v.
I’d like to reserve a table for two. 我要预定一个两人桌。
4) 保留 v.
如：You’d better reserve some money for future need. 你最好为了将来贮备一些钱。
【拓展】reserved adj. 预定的
reservation n. 保留条件，预约，预定
in reserve 预备的，储备的
unreserved adj. 未预定的
【随时练】
1. We ’d like to _______a table for five for dinner this evening.
A. preserve B. reserve C. retain D. sustain
2. These rooms are _______for special guests.
A. occupied B. reserved C. reversed D. restored
【答案与解析】1.B 2.B
1. 本题意为：我们今天晚上5人用餐，想预订一个桌位。 reserve预定，预约；preserve 保护，维
修；retain保持，保留； sustain 支撑，供养。
2．这也是考察词义的，原句意为：这些房间是为特殊的客人们预留的。其它选项B项形式相近，但含义
相去甚远。
9．endanger
【原句回放】as a result these endangered animals may even die out. (Warming up)
【点拨】endanger 使……遭受危害
如：Smoking endangers his health. 吸烟使他的身体遭受危害。
in danger 处于危险之中
如：The patient is in danger. 病人处在危险中。
【拓展】danger表达抽象意义“危险”时是不可数的名词，表达具体的“危险人物”时是可数的。
in danger 是指人或物本身处于危险中，受到外来的威胁。
be in danger of 有……危险
be out of danger 脱离危险
dangerous危险的，是指人，物，事态可能引起的危险的，对别人构成威胁的。
endangered adj. 濒危的
【随时练】
(1) The tiger is ______danger of dying out.
A. atB. in the C. in D. inside
(2) --- I hear Jack once was _______of losing his life.
--- Yes, But now he is _______.
A. in danger; out of danger B. in the danger; out of the danger
C. in the danger; out of danger D. in danger; out of the danger
【答案与解析】1. C 2. A
1. 句意：老虎处于灭绝的危险。danger用于这些含义时，前边不加冠词。
2. danger 表达抽象概念的时候，其前不加冠词。
10．recently
【原句回放】...animals, insects and birds died out more recently. (Page30)
【点拨】recently adv. 最近，新近，与过去时态和现在完成时态连用。
如：Did she have a party recently? 她最近举办过聚会吗?
They've recently bought a new car. 他们不久前买了一辆新汽车。
【拓展】
1）和一般过去时共同使用的时间状语：this morning，tonight，this April，once，before，
already，recently，lately等
如：I didn't go to school this morning. 我上午没有去上学。
2）现在完成时的时间状语：for，since，so far，ever，never，just，yet，till / until，up to
now，in past years，always， up to/till now 直到现在，ever since(then) 从那时起，in the
past few(three) years 在过去几年里
如：He has traveled to nearly twenty European cities so far.
到目前为止他已经走过了差不多20个欧洲国家。
3) 用于现在完成时的句型
(1) It is the first / second time…that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
(2) This is the+形容词最高级+that…结构，that从句要用现在完成时。
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
【随时练】
I wonder why Jenny ____ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.
A. hasn't written toB. doesn't write to
C. won't write to D. hadn't written to
【答案与解析】答案A。recently“近来的”意思，一般用于现在完成时，“不知道为什么Jenny近来没有给我们写信”，给现在造成的影响是“我们没有收到他的信”，所以选A。
2. 人教版必修二英语语法知识点
高一英语必修一语法要点
一． 一般现在时
1. 表示主语现在所处的状态及其所具备的特征、性格、能力等
例如：I am a girl.
2. 表示习惯性、经常性的动作
例如：I usually go to bed at 9:00.
3. 标志性的词语
Always often sometimes now and then
4. 若助于为第三人称单数（he she it）则动词要用单三现
二． 现在进行时
1． 说话时正在进行的动作
例如：I am reading.
2.表示即将发生的动作，多用于go come start leave return arrive stay fly等词语之中，句子中常常有时间状语
例如：The plane is going to Beijing.
3.当句子中出现了always 、forever 、constantly 、continually 、
All the time等
例如：I am always thinking of you.
三． 倍数比较
1.A+系动词+倍数词+as+ adj \adv的原型+as+B
例如：The class is twice as big as that one.
2.A+系动词+倍数词+adj\adv的比较级+than+B
例如：The class is twice bigger than that class.
3.A+系动词+倍数词+the size\amount(数量)\ength\width\height
\depth\+of+B
例如：The class is twice the size of that class.
四． With的复合结构
1． With+宾语+宾语补足语
宾语补足语根据逻辑意义的不同可以是不同的词语，如形容词、现在分词、过去分词、副词、介词短语、不定式等，with在复合结构中常作状语
2.常用结构
○1with+宾语+doing
表主动与进行
例如：Tom was quite safe with Lucy standing behind him.
○2with+宾语+done
表被动与完成
例如：With all things she need bought,she went home.
○3with+宾语+to do
表将来
例如：With so many thing to deal with.
五． 现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时
1．基本表达式（I have been doing ）
I/ we/ you/ they have been doing sth.
he/ she/ it has been doing sth.
2．表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中国有2000年的造纸历史。（动作还将继续下去）
I have been learning English since three years ago.
自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。（动作还将继续下去）
3．表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。
We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
我们已经等你半个钟头了(人还没到，如同在电话里说的，还会继续等)
4．有些现在完成进行时的句子等同的句子。
例如：They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years.
他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。
I have been working here for five years.
I have worked here for five years.
我在这里已经工作五年了。
5．大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。
例如：I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去）
我一直在写一本书。
I have written a book.（动作已经完成）
我已经写了一本书。
They have been building a bridge.
他们一直在造一座桥。
They have built a bridge.
他们造了一座桥。
6．表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。
例如：I have known him for years.
我认识他已经好几年了。
I have been knowing...
这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有：love爱，like喜欢， hate讨厌，等。
注意：比较过去时与现在完成时
1．过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2．过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
不确定的时间状语
3．现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
例如： I saw this film yesterday.
（强调看的动作发生过了。）
I have seen this film.
（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
Why did you get up so early?
（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
She has returned from Paris.
她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday.
她是昨天回来了。
He has been in the League for three years.
(在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years.
(是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
六．过去完成时
1． 概念：表示过去的过去
其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2． 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3．过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
例如：He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
七．现在完成进行时
1．其构成形式如下：
I / we / they have been + 动词的现在分词
He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词 功用如下：
2． 表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动，如：
Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.
Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
3．表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动，如：
It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下)
Jack hasn’t been feeling very well recently.
4． 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动，如：
She has been playing tennis since she was eight.
5． 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响，而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身，如：
Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.
The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.
注意：
现在完成时有否定结构、而现在完成进行时没有否定结构。 现在完成时态可表示做完的时期以及已有的经验、但现在完成进行时不可以 现在完成进行时的否定结构 现在完成进行时有时也可用否定结构。
如： Since that unfortunate accident last week, I haven’t been sleeping at all well. 自从上周发生了那次不幸事故之后，我一直睡得很不好.
He hasn’t been working for me and I haven’t has that much contact with him. 他并没有给我工作过，我和他没有过那许多接触。
6．否定句构成：
主语+has/have+not+been+现在分词
7．一般疑问句构成:
Have/has+主语+been+现在分词+其他好好努力吧！
3. 高一必修二英语第四、五单元语法课件
什么版本的
4. 英语必修二语法主要有啥
形式主语、It+be+adj/n+(for sb.)+to do
形式宾语、主+胃+It+adj/n+(for sb.)+to do
强调句、It +be+被强调部分+that+句子剩余部分
还有就是每个单词的应回用答到的句型、、、
5. 英语必修一、必修二语法总结
1. be concerned about
2. share sth. with sb.
3. feelings and thoughts
4. calm down
6. get along with
8. upset
9. suffer from
11. get tired of
12. be crazy about
13. join in
14. outdoor activities
15. on purpose
16. in addition
17. as far as I am concerned
1. settle down
2. based on
6. at present
7. play an important role in
8. native English speakers
9. make use of
11. be recognized as
12. have a good command of
13. have difficulty in doing
1. dream about / of sth. / doing …
3. have a chance to do …
4. be fond of
6. change one’s mind
7. make up one’s mind
8. give in to
11. persuade sb. to do ….
12. insist on doing …
4. lie in ruins
6. break out 无被动
7. think little of
8. at an end
9. a great number of
13. be injured
16. be trapped
18. be shocked
19. be frightened
20. damage
22. natural disaster
24. economic loss
25. be gone
1. quality
2. generous and selfless
3. be willing to do …
4. ask for no reward
5. turn to sb. for help
6. in trouble
7. take an active part in
8. be active in …
9. devote oneself to sth . / doing …
10. be devoted to sth. / doing …
12. fight against / for …
13. equality and fairness
14. equal rights
15. be put in prison
16. lose heart
17. peaceful
18. be hopeful about
19. answer violence with violence
20. out of work
21. be grateful to sb. for sth.
22. (a country) be founded
23. offer guidance to sb. on sth.
25. attack
27. escape from
29. reward sb. with sth. for sth.
1. cultural relics
2. go / be in search of
3. rare and valuable
4. serve as (无被动)
6. belong to (无被动，无进行时)
7. ask for nothing in return
8. be well worth doing
9. It is worthwhile to do …
11. local
13. think highly of
16. have a history of XX years
19. former – latter
20. formal – informal
21. survive vt.
23. be completed
1. the Olympics / the Olympic Games (复数)
2. compete in … with/against … for …
5. take part in
7. stand for
8. a sports event / sports events
9. host – hosted – hosted
10. hold – held – held
11. be admitted as
12. be admitted into
13. admit (to) doing …
14. every 4 years
15. take responsibility for
16. be responsible for
17. be in charge of
18. replace A with B
19. promise to do
20. deserve to do
21. one after another
22. charge sb. money for sth.
25. volunteer
26. on a regular basis
27. be fined
28. foolish
29. hopeless
32. be allowed to do
34. problems arise
35. changes take place
37. live a life of high quality
38. in a way
39. simplify
40. deal with
41. human race
42. think logically
43. watch over
44. personal
46. have … in common
47. explore the Internet
48. download
1. wildlife reserves
2. be at a loss
3. long to do
4. endangered species
5. in danger of dying out
6. succeed in
7. be successful in
8. distant adj. = faraway
9. according to
10. decrease to (by)
11. protect sth. / sb. from …
12. hunt
13. hunt for
14. affect = have an effect on
15. do harm to
16. pay (close / more / no) attention to
17. live in peace with
18. respond to
19. come into being (无被动)
20. fierce
21. be extinct
22. raise our awareness of wildlife protection
23. powerful
2. to be honest = honestly speaking
3. humorous
4. a sense of humor
5. attractive adj.
6. attract vt.
7. have confidence in = be confident in
8. painful
9. be sensitive to
10. afterwards
11. or so
12. as well as
13. attach great importance to
14. dream of / about
15. sort out
16. in addition
17. sth. be familiar to sb.
18. sb. be familiar with sth.
19. break up
20. pretend to do …
21. pretend that
22. play jokes on
23. earn extra money
24. rely on sb. for sth.
25. afterwards
26. be devoted to
27. painful
序号有点乱 因为有删除 看看咯
6. 高一英语必修二，三，四语法点
高一主要语法点
必修一：直接引语和间接引语(宾语从句)；现在进行时表将来；版定语从句
必修二：定权语从句(非限定定从、定从中的介词前提)；被动语态(一般将来时、现在完成时及现在进行时的被动语态)
必修三：情态动词；名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句)
必修四：主谓一致；非谓语动词(V-ing) ；构词法
7. 高一英语必修二语法总结
呵呵，自己总结呗！那样记忆才深刻呢！
8. 英语 必修二 语法
Mole 1 Grammar
I. be going to 的用法
be going to结构表示按计划、打算去做某事，表示人的主管意图，有时还可表示预测有迹象要发生某事。如：
. How long is your aunt going to stay in China for a visit?
(计划、打算)
. Look at the clouds. It’s going to rain.
(有迹象要发生)
. George is putting on weight. He is going to be quite fat.
(预测)
II. be going to与will的区别
. will表示说话人认为、相信要发生的事, 不含具体时间, 可以指遥远的将来; be going to 表示按计划、打算即将发生的事。
. 二者都可以表示“意图” 。但是表示事先考虑的事情用be going to, 否则用will。如:
I am not going to / won’t tell him about it.
--This is a very heavy box.
--I’ll help you to carry it.
. be going to 可以用在条件句中表示 将来, will则不行。 如:
If you are going to attend the party, you’d better leave now.
Mole 2 Grammar
不定式作状语
不定式作目的状语
He broke into the house to steal something.
Many drug addicts are now in treatment centers to stop taking drugs.
He’s saving up to buy a new car.
He uses a computer to send emails.
2)有时候在不定式前面加上in order to或 so as to, 否定式为 in order not to 和so as not to:
Let’s hurry so as to go to school in time.
Let’s hurry so as not to be late for school.
She studied very hard in order to catch up with others.
She studied very hard in order not to lag behind.
3) 不定式表示目的时,通常它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,但如果不是的话,就要用for… 结构表示逻辑主语,如：
Mom opened the door for Jane and Betty to come in.
Mole 3 Grammar
I. 时间状语从句
II. 过去完成时
时间状语从句
. 常见的连接时间状语从句的连接词有:
when, while, as, before, after, until/till, since, ever since, whenever, as soon as, no sooner… than,
hardly / scarcely… when 等
When
When 还有意义为‘这时’，(at this time)‘那时’(at that time) 常用于下列句型：
Somebody was doing something when……某人正在做 ……突然 ……
Somebody was about to do something when…….某人正要做 ……突然 ……
Somebody had just done something when……某人刚刚干了……这时……
1, I was reading English when my teacher came in.
2, I was about to talk in the classroom when the teacher came in.
3, I had just made the mistake when the teacher came in .
While
观察：
While they were doing homework, someone broke into the house.
While he was still a teenager, he was a big star.
分析：while引导的从句表示“在……过程中”，强调某一段时间内主句和从句的动作在同一时期发生。从句的动作表示较长时间，因此常用延续性动词。
While 表示强烈的对比关系，可译成“然而”
She is tall while I am short.
While I was studying English, he was playing football.
As
试观察：
1) As they were picking tea, the girls were singing happily.
强调两个动作同时进行
2) As he grew older, he found it difficult to compose good music.
两种情况一起发展变化
分析：as引导的从句表示“当……时；一边……一边……”，主句和从句的动作同时发生，强调伴随。有时可译为“随着”。
过去完成时
1过去完成时的构成:
“助动词had+过去分词”
The public wondered why the president hadn’t attended the top conference.
2. 过去完成时的用法:
1). 过去完成时主要用来表明在某个时间或动作之前已经发生的动作, 它表示时间是“过去的过去”。如:
The patient had died when the doctor arrived.
Up until then they had just finished half the work.
He had pressed the button before we could stop him.
When I had finished my everyday work, I did some gardening.
2). 如果发生的动作很短暂, 或两个动作紧接着发生, 则常用一般过去时代替过去完成时。尤其是在含有before, after, as soon as的复合句中, 因为它们本身的词义就可以表示出先后顺序。如:
Just before I left New York, I sent an e-mail to Mr White, my teacher in the university.
3). 过去完成时还可以表示未能实现的希望、愿望等, 常用的动词有except, hope, mean, suppose, think 等。如:
I had hoped to send him a telegram to congratulate him on his marriage, but didn’t manage it.
Mother had expected me to come to her birthday party, but I really had a lot of important work to do.
Note:
当动作紧接着发生, 次序明显时, 只需用一般过去时。
When he got home from work, he was very tired. He opened the door, turned on the light, washed his face and went to bed without taking off his clothes.
2.与某个时间段或时间点连用时, 一般过去时表示动作在这个时间发生, 而过去完成时表示动作在这个时间之前就已经完成。如:
He learned Russian ring his stay in Russia.
He had already learned Russian ring his stay in Russia.
3. 在间接引语中，与过去完成时连用的时间状语从句常用一般过去时代替过去完成时。如：
He told me somebody had phoned when I was out.
John said the film had been on five minutes when he got to the cinema.
Mole 4 Grammar
–ing form and the infinitive
作主语
(1) -ing形式和不定式都可在句中用作主语。一般情况下可以互换。
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
=Learning a foreign language is not easy. 学习外语是不容易的。
(2) 表示具体的, 特定情况下的或有待于完成的动作时, 常用不定式。
① To finish such a novel will take me several days.
读完这本小说需要花去我几天的时间。
② It’s impossible to get to Beijing in three hours this time, because there is something wrong with our car. 看来这次三个小时是到不了北京了, 因为我们的车出问题了。
在 “It is + 形容词(如necessary) + for/ of sb. ”的结构后, 通常用不定式作真正的主语。而 “It is no use/no good/a waste of time”后通常接ing形式。
It’s quite impossible to finish the work with so little money.
用这么少的钱想完成这项工作是不可能的。
② It’s no use asking him for help.
向他求助是没有用的。
There is no 结构后只能接ing形式。There is no knowing whether he is dead or alive. 无从得知他是死是活。
作表语
(1) 两者都可用作表语, 而且一般情况下可以互换。
His work is to paint houses. = His work is painting houses.
他的工作就是粉刷房屋。
表示具体的, 特定情况下的, 将来的动作, 通常用动词不定式。
Our homework today is to finish the exercises 2 and 3 on page 10.
我们今天的作业就是完成第10页的练习2和3。
(3) 主语与表语通常要保持形式一致。
To see is to believe. =Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
作宾语
(1) 有些动词后面只能用不定式作宾语，常见此类动词有：
ask, agree, beg, decide, determine, fail, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, set out, want, wish, expect, demand
① She decided to help him.
她决定帮他。
admit, advise, appreciate, avoid, can’t help, consider(考虑), delay, deny, enre, enjoy, excuse, escape, face, fancy, finish, forgive, give up, imagine, keep, keep on, mind, miss, mention, pardon, permit, practise, put off, risk, resist, suggest, understand等。
① The doctor advised taking more exercise. 医生建议多做运动。
② I suggest doing it in this way. 我建议这样做。
注意: 一些动词短语中含有介词to, 不要和不定式中的to混淆。常见此类短语:
be used to, come to, devote to, get down to, lead to, look forward to, pay attention to, refer to, stick to等。
①I really must get down to considering it seriously. 我真的必须认真考虑一下这事了。
② We are looking forward to seeing you again. 我们盼望着再次见到你。
有些动词后既可接ing形式, 也可接不定式, 而且意义上没有差别。常见此类动词: can’t stand, prefer, learn, continue等。
① I can’t stand seeing/to see good food going to waste. 我无法忍受看到好好的粮食被浪费掉。
② She continue to work/working after having a baby. 有了孩子后她仍然继续工作。
(4) begin, start后跟不定式或动名词皆可, 通常可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 只用不定式。
1) start, begin本身为时行时时。
The boy noticed his father was beginning to get angry, so he ran away. 那个小男孩注意到他的父亲开始生气了, 所以就跑开了。
2) 当主语为非生物名词或it时。
A strong wind started to blow.
一阵强风开始刮起来。
3) 当其后接表示心理活动的词时, 如understand, realize, know, see等。
He began to realize the importance of foreign languages.
他开始意识到外语的重要性。
4) 在hate, like, love后, 表示经常性, 习惯性的动词时, 通常用动名词; 表示特定的、具体的某次行为则用不定式。
I don’t like bothering him when he is busy. 我不喜欢在他忙得时候打扰他。
② I usually like staying with him, but I even hate to see him that night. 我通常喜欢和他在一起，但是那天晚上我甚至不想见到他。
(5) 在remember, forget, try, go on, regret, mean, stop, want, need, require等动词后既可接ing, 也可接不定式, 但含义不同。
1) remember to do记着去做(还没有做的事)
remember doing记得做过某事
2) forget to do 忘记要去做某事
forget doing 忘记了做的事
3) go on to do 继续做另一件事
go on doing 继续做(原来做的)同一件事
4) regret to do 遗憾将要做某事
regret doing 后悔做过某事
5) mean to do 打算做某事
mean doing 意味着做某事
6) stop to do 停止(正在做的事)去做另一件
stop doing 停止正在做的事
7) try to do 努力做某事
try doing 偿试着做某事
8) want to do 想要做某事
want doing 需要被
9) need/require to do 需要做某事
need/require doing 需要被
① Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.
离开时请记着关灯。
② Certainly I posted your letter—I remember posting it.
我当然给你寄信了, 我记得寄过它。
③ The machine needs cleaning.( needs to be cleaned).
这台机器需要清洁了。
作宾补
(1) 常见用不定式作宾补的动词。
allow, help, warn, ask, force, tell, expect, promise, wish, want
① We expected him to win an Olympic gold medal. 我们期盼他赢一枚奥运金牌。
② Tell him to come early.
告诉他早点来。
(2) 不定式(不带to)和动词ing形式都可在感官动词和使役动词(feel, make, let, see, hear, watch, listen to, look at, notice, observe)后作宾补。不定式强调动作发生了, 完成了; ing形式则强调动作正在进行。
① I saw a man walk into the garden and pick some flowers. 我看到一个男的进入花园, 摘了一些花。(进园摘花的动作已完成)
② I saw a man walking into the garden. 我看到一个男的正在进入花园。(walk这个动作在“我看的时候”正在进行)
③ We heard him sing a song at the party.我们在晚会上听他唱了一首歌。(他唱了一首, 我们完整的听了一首。)
④ I heard him singing a song when passing his window.
经过他的窗户时，我听到他正在唱歌。(我只听了一部分, 没有听完, 我过去后他可能还在唱）
(3) 不定式在感官动词和使役动词后作宾补时，在主动语态时，不能带to, 而变为被动语态时，要加上to。
① They saw him steal Tom’s money. 他们看到他偷了汤姆的钱。
② He was seen to steal Tom’s money. 他被看到偷了汤姆的钱。
作状语
不定式作状语, 通常表示目的, 结果, 有时也放在形容词、过去分词后表示原因; ing形式作状语时通常表示时间、原因、条件或伴随等。
① I’ve taken some money out of the bank to buy a laptop. (目的)
为了买手提电脑, 我从银行了取了钱。
② He hurried to the school (only) to find nobody there.(结果) 他匆忙赶到学校, 却发现那儿没人。
③ I’m glad to hear that.(原因) 听到那件事我很高兴。
④ Seeing the picture, he couldn’t help
thinking of those memorable days.(时间) 看到这张照片(的时候), 他情不自禁地想起了那些难忘的日了。
⑤ Not knowing his address, we couldn’t get in touch with him. (原因) 不知道他的地址, 我们无法和他取得 联系。
⑥ Working hard, you will get what you want. (条件) 努力工作, 你会得到你想要的东西的。
⑦ The baby was lying in bed crying. (伴随) 婴儿在床上哭泣。
Mole 5 Grammmar
状语从句
原因状语从句
结果状语从句
时间状语从句
地点状语从句
条件状语从句
让步状语从句
时间状语从句
1. 由when, whenever, as , while, after, before, until, till, since, once, as soon as, 等引导的时间状语从句。
1> When the bell rang, the guard was waiting in his seat.
2> While ants grow they change their forms three times.
3> Three months went by before Aqiao knew it.
2. 由the minute, the moment, the instant, the day, the week, the year, the first time, any time, every time, each time, the last time, all the time, from the time, by the time, immediately, instantly, directly 等引导的时间状语从句。
1> 我一见到你就认出了你。
I recognized you the minute I saw you.
3. 其中the minute, the moment, the instant, the second, 以及immediately, instantly, directly 表达的意思一样, 都是 “一…就…” 可以相互替换。
Eg: You must show the gentleman in immediately he comes.
You must show the gentleman in the minute /the moment/instantly he comes.
另外还要注意 hardly …when… ,scarcely…when…, no sooner…than…的意义和用法。
这三者的意思都是 “一…就…”. 通常都是hardly, scarcely, no sooner 位于句首,他们后面的主句用had done,且倒装.而when, than 后面的从句用一般过去时。
Eg: Hardly/scarcely had I got home when it started to rain.
when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句的区别。
1> 作为 “当…时”讲,when可以和延续性动词连用,也可以和短暂性动词连用,而while 和as 只能和延续性动词连用。
2> when 从句的谓语动词可以在主句动词之前或之后发生或同时发生.而while 和as 从句的动词必须是和主句的动词同时发生。
When he had finished his homework, he took a rest.
When I got to the airport, the guests had left.
也就是说当主从句动作同时发生,切从句动作为延续性动词时, 三者可互换。
When/While/As she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter.
3> when 还有 “在那时” 通常用在以下句型中。
be about to do …when…
had done…when…
be doing…when…
be on the point of doing…when…
4> as 还有 “因为” “作为” “随着” “一边….一边”
As the time went on, the weather got worse.
The little girl sang as she went.
5> 在将来时的从句中常用when, 且从句必须用一般现在时。
You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it.
6> when还用在表示 “一…就…”的句型中。
Hardly/Scarcely had I entered my room when the telephone rang.
7> while 还做并列连词 “然而” 表对比。和从属连词 “尽管” 的意思, 相当与though/although。
While he is a little boy, he knows a lot.
I’m working while my wife is watching TV.
9. 英语必修二第四单元的知识点
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