❶ 谈谈如何开展英语语法教学
在小学英语课堂教学中，语法教学是一个不容忽视的现象，如何讲解语法知识开展语法教学，使枯燥乏味的语法变得易懂有趣是高年级英语课堂教学中急需解决的一个问题。文章从形象、趣味、分层、灵活四个角度对语法教学进行阐述。
在小学英语课堂教学中，如何解释语法现象，如何讲解语法知识，如何开展语法教学，使枯燥乏味的语法变得易懂，有趣？
一、借助媒体，创设情境，形象学语法
在英语语法教学中时态是一个很重要的语法项目，但是学生难以掌握，尤其在交际的时候容易出错。如果仅用孤立的句子去理解和说明这一语法现象，或者让学生去死记，他们会感到学习语法很枯燥，太抽象。我们可运用多媒体，通过场景的快速切换，有效地调动和控制学生的注意力，先帮助他们形成直观的表象，再设计一些有一定信息沟的会话练习，唤起学生的求知欲。例如，在教be动词的一般过去时态时。
1、铺垫。媒体出示一卧室，内有一张床和一张课桌，床上有两件毛衣，床下有一双鞋，桌上有一只手机和一些鲜花，墙上挂着一只风筝。
T:Where’s the mobile
phone?
S1:It’s on the
desk.
T:Where’re the
shoes?
S2:They’re under the
bed.
媒体出示下列句型：
It is on the
desk.
They are under the
bed.
2、导入。隐藏上图中的手机和鞋，媒体出现两幅图，让学生进行对照。
T:Where’s the mobile
phone now? Is it on the desk?
Ss:No.
T:But it was there
just now.
T:Where are the shoes
now? Are they under the bed?
Ss:No.
T:But they were there
a moment ago.
媒体出示下列句型：
It was there just
now.
They were there a
moment ago.
由学生已知的一般现在时作铺垫，引出be动词的一般过去时，两种时态对比使用，教师作适当解释。
3、操练。隐藏毛衣和风筝，两图对照，让学生分小组模仿操练。
4、总结。
一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态，其谓语动词要用动词的过去式。在汉语中不存在这样的现象，这是中英文的区别之一。还要向学生讲清is, are的过去式分别是 was和 were。
5、运用。分组自由创设情景，活用以上所学知识，用英语进行交流。
这样，借助媒体，通过对话感知，模仿训练，归纳语法现象，活用知识进行实践等一系列活动，有效地帮助学生掌握了be动词一般过去时的用法。
二、归纳总结，提高效率，趣味学语法
词法是指词形的变化规则及用法。小学阶段讲到了名词﹑动词﹑形容词﹑副词﹑代词﹑介词﹑数词﹑冠词和连词等的用法。数词分为基数词和序数词，序数词的构成与基数词有一定的关系，但构成方法又不尽相同，如果要让学生去死记硬背那么多的序数词，学生会感到厌烦。为了调动学生学习的积极性，也为了使这一语法项目简单化，我为学生总结了这样一则顺口溜：“一，二，三特殊记，四以上加th, 八减t, 九去e, f来把ve替，ty须变tie.若是碰到几十几，改变个位就可以。” 本来很难掌握的内容，通过这么一则富有节奏感，朗朗上口的顺口溜，学生很快便学会了1—100序数词的构成，可以说是事半功倍。又如在教“是”动词am,is,are在人称代词中的用法时，也可以这样总结：“我用am, 你用are, is用在他，她，它，凡是复数都用are.”这样处理简单易懂，较好地激发了学生的积极性，就连平时学习能力较差，不肯开口说英语的同学，也都说得津津有味，很轻松地理解并掌握了这一重要的语法项目。再如
“物主代词”。学生容易混淆形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，不懂分辨。我教学生这样记：“名词性物主代词比别人多点东西，所以单词比较长，派头比较大，不允许‘东西’跟着它。”又如：在一般现在时结构中，主语是第三人称单数时，动词要用第三人称单数形式，但很多学生不易记住，我们可以教学生这样记：“第三人称单数，势单力薄，需要一个帮手，你就在动词上给它加上丝丝（s或es）力吧！”现在进行时中动词的正确运用一直是个老大难问题，学生用了动词的现在分词形式，会缺少be动词；或有了be动词，动词只用原形，少了ing。我们可帮学生这样形象记忆：“主人正要干大事，要找比比（be动词）当保镖，保镖出门不简单，后面带着英英（ing）跟屁虫”。用这种趣味的学习方法不仅帮助学生掌握了语法知识，而且培养了学生的创新能力，有的学生还学会了自己编顺口溜，归纳总结语言规律。
三、设置梯度，正确引导，分层学语法
语法教学要注意梯度，正确引导学生一步一步解开谜团。不能要求学生一下子就得到答案。我们要强调的是学习的过程，让学生在解决问题和完成任务的过程中，通过与他人对话、交流、讨论来达成理解，形成共识，构建自己的知识。我们经常可以采取以下方式设置梯度：
1、教师举例，师生一起完成例句。
2、学生仔细观察，讨论,分析，比较例句，初步归纳出语法规则，教师适时点拨，解答学生疑问。
3、教师对学生归纳的语法规则给予客观的评价和补充。
4、学生进行操练，教师提供多种形式的题型，如选择；填空；笔译和文章理解等，以检查学生的掌握情况。
四、系统归纳，适当集中，灵活学语法
❷ 求英语教案:Advertising
Lesson 17 Dialogue
Aims and demands:
1. Develop the Ss listening ability and let the Ss know how to express one’ opinion
2. Language points:
Express one’s satisfaction with, for one thing , for another thing , bring in, if any
Procere:
Step 1. Presentation
1. Where can you find advertisements?
2. Why do companies advertise?
3. Do you watch advertisements on TV?
4. Which are your favourite advertisements?
Step 2. Reading
Read the dialogue silently and find out the answer to the question:
Whose ideas for advertising programme are the best? (Bob’s)
Step 3 . Listening
Choose the correct answers: (3A Unit 5 --- Lesson 17) BCABD
1. How many people are having a discussion about a future advertising programme?
A. three B. four C. five D. two
2. what company will they proce an advertisement for?
A. IBM B. Great Wall C. Legend D. HP
3. Bob says he can’t agree with _____.
A. “D” B. “C” C. “A” D. “D” and “ C”
4. Who do they ask about this machine?
A. sellers B. users C. Bob D. the company
5. How can they get to know who are using these computers?
A. ask the users B. ask the passers-by C. go out and search D. ask the company
Step 4. Dialogue
After listening to the tape, answer the questions .
1. What are they doing?
They are discussing a future advertising programme.
2. What kind of advertisement do they plan to do?
They plan to proce an advertisement for this famous computer which is supplied by …
3. What’s Bob’s opinion/ idea?
To collect comments from secretaries and typists…
4. Why does he think it would be a good idea to do that?
They can express their satisfaction with the proct.
5. But does C agree with him (Bob)? No.
6. What’s D’s opinion? Does D agree with B? Yes.
We should have a picture of the computer and five a description of the proct.
7. But does Bob agree with him (D)? Why?
Because it is not a good way of persuading people to buy it.
8. How does Bob suggest procing the advertisement ?
Photograph them using it.
Put their comments at the top of the advertisement in big print.
Bring in some humour .
9. Do you think D is very satisfied with B’s idea? Why ?
Because he thinks it takes a long time to carry out interviews .
10. Does A agree with B or D? How do you know?
A agrees with B.
He’ll ask the company for a list of recent customers.
Step 4. Language points
1. Any ideas?
Have you got any ideas?
2. express one’s satisfaction with sth. 对。。。表示满意
3. be satisfied with 对。。。表示满意
express oneself 表达自己
老师对实验的结果表示满意。
The teacher expressed his satisfaction with the result for(of ) the experiment.
他们对大会的各项准备工作表示满意。
They expressed their satisfaction with the preparations for the conference.
老师对我对她的回答感到满意。
The teacher expressed her satisfaction at my answer to her question.
4. For one thing , for another thing.
Make up sentences,…..
I went to Beijing, for one thing I had never been there, for another thing it is really a beautiful place.
Is
I don’t want to go to America, for one thing , I have no money, for another thing, I have no time.
5. bring in 引进， 带来， 插进
In old China , a lot of words were brought in from some foreign countries. (oil, umbrella, cloth…)
He intends to bring in some reform.
They bring in a new fashion.（
Step 5. Workbook
Homework
Prepare the text
Unit 5 Lesson 18 Advertising
Aims and demands:
1. Develop the Ss’ reading ability and let the Ss have a good understanding of the text.
2. Grasp the following expressions
Hand in hand, be popular with, again and again, would say, think up
Also present will be…… try…out…
Procere
Step 1. Warming-up
1. Where can you find the advertisements ?
2. Do you think they will spend a lot of money on ad?
3. Why do they spend a lot of money on ad? Do you think it is necessary ? Does it make the procts cheaper or expensive?
4. Then what’s the advantage of advertising?
Step 2. Fast reading
Read the text quickly and find the answers to the two questions:
1. It makes a proct cheaper.
2. Five people.
Step 3. Careful reading
1. Read the first paragraph and tell the main idea of the paragraph.
Why is advertising so popular?
Advertising increases procts sales. Therefore advertising makes a proct cheaper instead of more expensive.
2. Read the second paragraph and tell the main idea.
What can you advertise? And how can you advertise?
(1) We can advertise procts, services, political leaders in the western countries……
(2) By using radio , TV , cinema, magazines, newspapers, large boards, signs, mail or gifts, balloons…...
3. Read the third paragraph and find the main idea.
Why is now advertising now a scientific usiness?
All parts of an advertising programme are properly measured and researched.
4. Read the fourth paragraph and tell the main idea.
How are advertisements made?
A company goes to an advertising firm to discuss the advertising of its proct.
The firm collects as much information as possible about the proct and the customers who might buy it.
The person who are in charge of the matter holds a meeting.
A person will think up an idea for an advertisement.
A person will buy space in newspapers or time on TV.
A person will write the text for the advertisement.
A person will design the advertisement, using pictures or photographs and the text.
5. Read the last paragraph and find the main idea.
What do they do when the ad is ready?
A. It is shown to the company.
B. If the company agrees, they may try it out in ……
C. If they do, then it will be used throughout the country.
D. If the advertising fails , the whole programme will be reviewed.
Step 4. Careful reading
Read it carefully and do the comprehension exercises
Reading comprehension ( 3A Lesson 18) DBBCA BDBAD
1. The author thinks that advertisements ___.
A. are welcomed by everybody
B. can increase the cost of procts
C. can increase proct sales immediately
D. can win more customers for a company
2. In paragraph 1, which word shows that the writer thinks that advertising is common?
A. developed B. popular C. proved D. increase
3. According to the text, advertisements may be used in ___.
A. everything B. election
C. scientific research D. procing gods
4. How many means of advertising are mentioned in the text?
A. Seven B. Nine C. Eleven D. Thirteen
5. Which paragraph talks about the purpose of advertising?
A. Para 1 B. Para 2 C. Para 3 D. Para 4 and 5
6. When an advertising company makes advertisements , which happens first?
A. Have a meeting. B. Collect information.
C. Write a letter. D. Design the advertisements.
7. What does “interview” mean in the last paragraph?
A. see B. select C. visit D. ask questions
8. The following could be an advertisement except __.
A. mail B. news
C. a sign outside a shop D. procts free of charge
9. The purpose that a company tries its advertisement in a small part of the country first is not ___.
A. to save money B. to see whether the advertisement is perfect C. to see whether people like it d. to see whether the advertisement is effective
10. In the text, the writer does not tell us ___.
A. advertisements can be used in tourism
B. balloons can be used to advertise
C. advertising may make a proct cheaper
D. advertisement in Europe is more common than that in Asia
Step 5. Language points
1. a highly developed twentieth-century instry
a curiously shaped piece of wood
a widely used language
2. hand in hand
shoulder to shoulder
face to face
side by side
3. popular
be popular with sb.
a popular song
The popular song is popular with the young people.
4. again and again
over and over
over and over again
5. instead of
He will stay in school instead of going home.
6. Once managers would say jokingly…表示过去习惯性
Used to say…
7． measure
make .. to one’s measure
to one’s taste
8. Also present will be a person who thinks up ……
A person who thinks up … will also be present…
With him was a man of no more than forty.
9. think up
think of
think about
think it over
She thought up a fumy game for children to play.
The prisoners tried to think up a plan for escape.
11. try it out
12. Isn’t it time you made someone’s life a bit easier?
It is time sb. did sth.
It is time we went to bed.
It is time we started our work.
It is time you gave a reply to us.
Is it time you got everything ready?
Step 6. Discussion
1. Do you think it necessary to spend so much money in advertising a proct? Give your reasons.
2. What’s the advantage / disadvantage of making an ad?
3. We can make an ad. in various ways as the text have mentioned, are these the only ways of making advertisements?
4. We proce various kinds of glasses in our company. Please make an advertisement for us.
Homework
Unit 5 Lesson 19 Advertising (2)
Aims and demands:
1. Develop the Ss’ reading ability , and let them have a good understanding of the text
2. Language points:
Make , when translated, attract one’s attention, point out to sb.
3. Retell the story
Procere:
Step 1. Revision
Ask the Ss to tell about 5 advertisements which they have seem recently
Step 2. Fast reading
Read the text quickly and find out the answer to the question:
What is one danger with selling your proct abroad?
You must make sure that the translation is correct.
Step 3. Careful reading
Questions:
1. Why do people read advertisements?
For information
Because they are interesting
2. What mistake was made in the translation of the ad for hair cream?
---- when translated it meant “ X puts living things into dry hair”
3. What mistake was made in the car ad?
---- The British name of the car meant “ animal waste” in German.
Comprehension (3A Unit 5 Lesson 19) DCCBC
1. People read advertisements for ___.
A. information B. fun
C. killing time D. both A and B
2. Why do most advertisements begin with a question?
A. Because nobody knows the answer.
B. Because a question can make an advertisement funny.
C. Because readers will be interested in finding the answer.
D. Because a question will win more customers for a company.
3. What is very important in an advertisement?
A. A question B. Information
C. Humor D. A story.
4. What is one danger of a series of advertisements?
A. Readers will be tired of reading too many texts.
B. Readers will forget the mane of the proct.
C. Readers will lose patience.
D. Readers will remember the advertisement.
5. What may turn a good advertisement into a bad one?
A. A question. B. A story.
C. Bad translation. D. High price of the proct
Step 4. Language points:
1. What makes a good advertisement? 怎样才能使广告做的好呢？
Vt. （有条件）成为
What makes an advertisement a good one?
戴维将成为一个很好的足球队员。
David will make a very good football player.
怎样才算是好的翻译呢？
What makes a good translation?
2. attract one’s attention 引起某人的注意
3. when translated
when it is translated
When + 过去分词， 相当于一个时间状语从句
你们的练习做完后就得马上交上来。
Your exercises must be handed in immediately when finished.
我对他说话时他总是不理不睬。
He always didn’t make an answer / made no answer when spoken to .
4. point out
point at
point to
Step 5. Past participle
Tell what is the function of each participle in the following sentences:
1. This is one of the factories built in the 1980s.---Attributive
2. You can take the new freeway opened last year.---Attributive
3. The street are lined with trees.---Predicative
4. The article is very well typed.---Predicative
5. He is going to have his hair cut. ---Object complement
6. We had the idea tried out.---Object complement
7. Seen from the hill , the park looks beautiful.---Adverbial
8. Disturbed by the noise, we had to finished the meeting earlier.---Adverbial
Step 6. Practice 2.3.4.5.
Step 7. workbook
Homework
❸ 求好心人教学一下英语语法，比如present simple，continuous，past simple，present perfect，etc
一般现在时：主语+动词
现在进行时：主语+be动词+现在分词
一般过去时：主语+动词过去式
现在完成时：主语+have\has+过去分词
❹ 请教有关高中英语动名词，现在分词，教学设计
重点是要他们区分英语动名词，现在分词的各自用法。