① 高一英语必修二、三语法总结
一. 一般现在时
1. 表示主语现在所处的状态及其所具备的特征、性格、能力等
例如: am a girl.
2. 表示习惯性、经常性的动作
例如:I usually go to bed at 9:00.
3. 标志性的词语
Always often sometimes now and then
4. 若助于为第三人称单数(he she it)则动词要用单三现
二. 现在进行时
1. 说话时正在进行的动作
例如:I am reading.
2.表示即将发生的动作,多用于go come start leave return arrive stay fly等词语之中,句子中常常有时间状语
例如:The plane is going to Beijing.
3.当句子中出现了always 、forever 、constantly 、continually 、
All the time等
例如:I am always thinking of you.
三. 倍数比较
1.A+系动词+倍数词+as+ adj \adv的原型+as+B
例如:The class is twice as big as that one.
2.A+系动词+倍数词+adj\adv的比较级+than+B
例如:The class is twice bigger than that class.
3.A+系动词+倍数词+the size\amount(数量)\ength\width\height
\depth\+of+B
例如:The class is twice the size of that class.
四. With的复合结构
1. With+宾语+宾语补足语
宾语补足语根据逻辑意义的不同可以是不同的词语,如形容词、现在分词、过去分词、副词、介词短语、不定式等,with在复合结构中常作状语
2.常用结构
○1with+宾语+doing
表主动与进行
例如:Tom was quite safe with Lucy standing behind him.
○2with+宾语+done
表被动与完成
例如:With all things she need bought,she went home.
○3with+宾语+to do
表将来
例如:With so many thing to deal with.
五. 现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时
1.基本表达式(I have been doing )
I/ we/ you/ they have been doing sth.
he/ she/ it has been doing sth.
2.表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,并且还将持续下去。
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中国有2000年的造纸历史。(动作还将继续下去)
I have been learning English since three years ago.
自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。(动作还将继续下去)
3.表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。
We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
我们已经等你半个钟头了(人还没到,如同在电话里说的,还会继续等)
4.有些现在完成进行时的句子等同的句子。
例如:They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years.
他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。
I have been working here for five years.
I have worked here for five years.
我在这里已经工作五年了。
5.大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。
例如:I have been writing a book.(动作还将继续下去)
我一直在写一本书。
I have written a book.(动作已经完成)
我已经写了一本书。
They have been building a bridge.
他们一直在造一座桥。
They have built a bridge.
他们造了一座桥。
6.表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。
例如:I have known him for years.
我认识他已经好几年了。
I have been knowing...
这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有:love爱,like喜欢, hate讨厌,等。
注意:比较过去时与现在完成时
1.过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
2.过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately
现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
不确定的时间状语
3.现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
例如: I saw this film yesterday.
(强调看的动作发生过了。)
I have seen this film.
(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)
Why did you get up so early?
(强调起床的动作已发生过了。)
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
(强调有卷子,可能为不公平竞争。)
She has returned from Paris.
她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday.
她是昨天回来了。
He has been in the League for three years.
(在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years.
(是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入团,joined为短暂行为。)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。
(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. (对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
六.过去完成时
1. 概念:表示过去的过去
其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2. 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3.过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
例如:He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
七.现在完成进行时
1.其构成形式如下:
I / we / they have been + 动词的现在分词
He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词 功用如下:
2. 表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动,如:
Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.
Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
3.表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动,如:
It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下)
Jack hasn’t been feeling very well recently.
4. 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在,可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内,重复发生的行动,如:
She has been playing tennis since she was eight.
5. 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响,而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身,如:
Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.
The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.
注意:
现在完成时有否定结构、而现在完成进行时没有否定结构。 现在完成时态可表示做完的时期以及已有的经验、但现在完成进行时不可以 现在完成进行时的否定结构 现在完成进行时有时也可用否定结构。
如: Since that unfortunate accident last week, I haven’t been sleeping at all well. 自从上周发生了那次不幸事故之后,我一直睡得很不好.
He hasn’t been working for me and I haven’t has that much contact with him. 他并没有给我工作过,我和他没有过那许多接触。
6.否定句构成:
主语+has/have+not+been+现在分词
7.一般疑问句构成:
Have/has+主语+been+现在分词+其他
② 高一英语必修二,三,四语法点
高一主要语法点
必修一:直接引语和间接引语(宾语从句);现在进行时表将来;版定语从句
必修二:定权语从句(非限定定从、定从中的介词前提);被动语态(一般将来时、现在完成时及现在进行时的被动语态)
必修三:情态动词;名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句)
必修四:主谓一致;非谓语动词(V-ing) ;构词法
③ 高一英语必修一必修二语法归纳
主要语法有;引语,应该注意,当把直接引语变成间接引语时,主语回要随着语景进行逻辑变答化;而谓语的变化是最重要的,要把现在的时态变成相应的过去时态。如果直接引语是一般过去时,就要变成过去完成时。如果直接引语是一般将来时,就不变。还有几种情况不变的;直接引语叙述的是客观真理,直接引语里有一个非常具体的时间状语,如;in
1998等,也不变。再就是时间状语,地点状语都有些变化,你要看书后的列表。还有各种句型在变间接引语时要注意的问题。
定语从句;由关系代词引导的定语,要注意两条;先要看先行词是什么(人/物),再要看在从句里作什么,也就是充当什么成分,最后决定用什么关系代词。以上是一册里的语法。
第二册有,关系副词引导的定语从句,关键也要记住上边
提到的两条。还有被动语态。主要是谓语动词的变化,最基本的是;be加过去分词,各种时态都是在be上变化。其实高一真没有太多太难的语法,多看看书,一定能学好。祝你成功!
④ 高一必修二英语第三模块文化角落语法讲解
语法一:时间状语从句
时间状语从句主要用于说明主句动词的时间,其类型颇多详见如下归纳。
1. When 引导的时间状语从句,意为“当……的时候”,when 的从句可以用延续性动词。 He was working at the table when I went in . 当我进去的时候,她正在桌旁工作。 I was watching TV when he came. 他来的时候我正在看电视。
注意:when 也可以作并列连词,表示一个动作即将或正在进行或刚完成的时候,突然发生了另一件事。
I was about to leave when the telephone rang. 我正要离开,这是电话铃响了。
We were working in the chemistry lab, when the lights went out.
我们正在化学实验室工作,突然灯熄灭了。
I had just gone to sleep when there was a knock at the door. 我刚入睡就有人敲门。
2. While 引导的时间状语从句,表示“与……同时,在……期间”。While 的从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的词。
They rushed in while we were discussing problems. 当我们正在讨论问题时,他们冲了进来。 Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games.
当我正在玩电子游戏时,爸爸在清洗汽车。
注意:while 还可以表示对比意义,意为“而;却”。例如:
Jane was dressed in blue, while Mary was dressed in red.
珍妮穿着蓝色的衣服,而玛丽穿红色的。
3. As 引导的时间状语从句,作“当……的时候,一边……一边”“随着----”解,as 的从句中可使用延续性动词,也可使用非延续性动词。例如:
He sang as he was working.他一边工作一边唱歌。
As time goes by, we have a better understanding of things around us.
随着时间的推移,我们对自己周围的事务有了更好的理解。
4. Before 和 after 引导的从句:前者一边表示主句的动作发生早从句的动作之前;后者表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。例如:
I didn’t know any English before I started school. 我上学之前,一点英语都不懂
I had cooked supper before my parents came back. 我父母回来之前,我就做好了晚饭。 It won’t be long before we meet again. 我们不久就能见面。
After he came out, he locked the door. 他出来后,就锁上了门。
5. Since 和 ever since 引导的从句:表示“自从……以来”,从句一般表示动作的起点,用过去时。主句表示动作延续的情况,一般用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。如果主句表示的是时间,主句可用一边现在时,也可用现在完成时。
现在完成时(延续性动词)…since+…过去时(非延续性动词)“自从……以来”
现在完成时(延续性动词)…since+…过去时 (延续性动词)“自(延续性动词结束以来……” Since he came here , he has made a lot of friends.他来这里以后,已交了许多朋友。
He has been working here ever since he left university.
自从大学毕业以后,他就一直在这里工作。
She has lived alone since her husband died.自丈夫去世后她就一直独自生活。
I have been wearing glasses since I was three.我三岁以后一直戴眼镜。
It is ten years since he smoked.他戒烟十年了。
语法二 过去完成时
1. 过去完成时由助动词had 加过去分词构成,主要表示在过去某时之前已发生的动作或情况,也可以说时“过去时间的过去”。
其被动形式为“had + been + p.p” 例如:
By the end of last term, we had learned more than 3,000 English words.
到上个学期末为止我们已经学了3000 多个单词了。
注意:如果句中出现了表示过去的具体时间状语,句子的内容可为过去的实际情况或句子中的内容为历史事实时,句中的动词时态只能用一般过去时。例如:
The teacher said that it was Columbus who first discovered the American continent.
2. 在表示某人过去未曾完成的“心愿,打算,计划,想法,许诺”等等时,hope , mean ,plan, want ,promise , intend 等位于动词必须用过去完成时。例如:
I had planned to offer you some help in your shop, but suddenly my mother fell ill yesterday. 昨天我原本计划在你的店里帮一些忙的,但是我妈妈突然病了。
He had hoped to spend the important day with us last Sunday , but he was too busy then. 上星期他原本很想与我们一起度过这个重要的日子,可是他当时实在太忙了
⑤ 高一英语必修二第三单元compurter test
我的写作老师叫胡哲,是我师范时的写作老师.他个子不高,年纪不大,可头发却白了一半儿.他穿着上也很不讲究,一年四季总是那一袭蓝布衣裳,与其他老师形成鲜明的对照.最令人难忘的是他宽宽的脸上戴着一副深度近视镜和镜片后那一双永远深邃的眼睛.他的形象不好看,可却爱笑,一笑起来,就露出一对难看的大大的牙,脸上的皱纹也叠成了罗汉.他常挂在嘴边的一句口头禅是:“岂有此理”.
那一次,也不知是心有所感,还是心血来潮,我写了一篇作文《〈想家的时候》,结果被他在全班同学面前摇头晃脑的大读特读,还说这就是有真情实感、有新意的佳作,惹来同学羡慕的目光.也不知是哪位同学嫉妒,偷偷地说了一句:“哼!这是抄的!”没想到这句话溜到了他的耳朵里,他怒目而视,随口甩出一句:“岂有此理!你给我抄出一篇我看看?”随即把目光投向我,脸上难看的微笑又来了:“你说说,你是如何写成这篇作文的.”看了看老师脸上信任的目光和微笑,我心情平静地把住宿以来想家的感受竹筒倒豆子般说出来.教室里静极了,同学门静静的听着,老师也好像挺激动,不住点头,脸上的微笑更灿烂了,那两颗难看的门牙也不由自主露出了嘴外.我说完了他带头给我鼓掌,嘴里不停的说着:“真实感受,有道理!”可以说,从那次以后,我就更爱写作,更爱上胡哲老师的课了,而他在写作上对我的指导更用心了.