㈠ 人教版新目标七年级上期英语上半期语法
七年级英语上册期中考试复习(词组与句子)
Starter Us1-3
Good morning/afternoon /evening, Bob!
早上 / 下午 / 晚上好,Bob!
--How are you?你好吗?
—I’m fine, thanks. How are you?
我很好,谢谢。你好吗?
---I’m OK.我还好。
---What’s this in English?用英语表达这是什么?
—It’s an orange.它是一只桔子。
—Spell it, please. 请拼写它。
—O-R-A-N-G.
---Thank you.谢谢。(Thank you very much.)
-----You are welcome.=That’s all right.=That’s OK.不用谢。
--What color is it?它是什么颜色? —It’s red.红色。
The key is yellow.钥匙是黄色 的。=It’s a yellow key.它是黄色的钥匙。
Nice to meet you.很高兴见到你。----Nice to meet you, too. /Me,too. 也很高兴见到你。
How do you do? 你好!----How do you do?你好!
Unit One
---What’s your name?你的名字是什么?
—My name is Gina.我的名字是吉娜。=I’m Gina.我是吉娜。
What’s his name?---His name’s Tommy.
What’s her name?—Her name is Jenny.
-What’s his family/last name?他的姓是什么?
—His family/last name is Brown.他的姓是布朗。
-What’s her first name?她 的名字是什么—Her first name is Linda.她的名字是琳达。
family name= name
―Nice to meet you.很高兴认识你。
—Nice to meet you,too.也很高兴认识你。
-What’s her phone number?她的电话号码是多少?
—Her telephone number is 535-2375.她的电话号码是535-2375.
Unit Two
Is this your pencil?这是你的铅笔吗?
—Yes, it is.是,它是。
Is that your dictionary?那是你的词典吗?
---No, it isn’t.不,它不是。
How do you spell eraser?你怎样拼写eraser?
Can you spell eraser?你能拼写eraser吗?
in the lost and found case在失物招领箱里
call Alan at 495-3539给艾伦打电话495-3539
school ID card校牌
a set of keys一串钥匙
Unit Three
Is this your daughter?这是你的女儿吗?
—Yes, it is.是,它是。/No, it isn’t.不,它不是。
Is she your aunt?她是你的姨母吗?—Yes she is.是,她是。/No,she isn’t.不,她不是。
Those are my two brothers.那些是我的两个兄弟。
Thanks for the photo of your family.
谢谢你的全家照。
Here is my family photo.这儿是我的全家福。
a photo of your family
=your family photo你的全家福
family tree家谱
Unit Four
Where is the backpack?背包在哪里?
—It’s under the table.它在桌子下面。
Where are my books?我的书在哪里?
—They’re on the sofa.他们阿子沙发上。
Is it on the floor? 它在地板上吗?
—No, it isn’t. 不,它不在。
Sorry, I don’t know.对不起,我不知道。
Are they in the drawer?他们在抽屉里吗?
—Yes, they are.是,他们在。
The CDs are in the drawer.激光唱片在抽屉里。
take these things to your sister
把这些东西带去给你姐姐
bring it to school把它带到学校来
Unit Five
Do you have a ping-pong ball?你有乒乓球吗?
—Yes, I do.是,我有。/No, I don’t.不,我没有。
I/We/You/They have a tennis racket.我/我们/你们/他们有网球拍。
I/We/You/They don’t have a tennis racket.我/我们/你们/他们没有网球拍。
Does he have a soccer ball?他有足球吗
—Yes, he does.是,他有。/No, he doesn’t.
He/She/Tom has a soccer ball.他/她/Tom有足球。
He/She/Tom doesn’t have a soccer ball.他/她/Tom有足球。
Let’s play tennis/basketball.让我们 打网球/篮球吧。
That sounds good.那听起来真好。
play sports做运动
watch them on TV通过电视看它们
have a great sports collection有大量的体育收集品
five volleyballs五只排球
every day每天
Unit Six
Do they like pears?他们喜欢梨吗?
—Yes, they do.是,他们喜欢。/No, they don’t.不,他们不喜欢。
She likes ice cream. 她喜欢冰淇淋
Does she like ice cream? 她喜欢冰淇淋吗?
—Yes, she does.是,她喜欢。/No, she doesn’t.不,她不喜欢。
What does he have for lunch?午餐他要吃什么?
---He has chicken, carrots and broccoli for lunch.午What do you like for dinner?晚餐你喜欢吃什么?
—I like vegetables for dinner.晚餐我喜欢吃蔬菜。
I also like strawberries.=I like strawberries, too.
我也喜欢草莓。
running star跑步明星
lots of=a lot of 许多
healthy food健康食品
go on a picnic =have a picnic去野餐
make a list of food to buy列出需要购买的食物
ask/answer questions问(答)问题
㈡ 七年级上册英语语法总结
你好,解析如下:
1、名词
A)、名词的数
名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:
一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, ty-ties, comedy- comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如:radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯
五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同学, family家,家庭成员
九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十)有的单复数意思不同。如:fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸,卷子,论文, work工作 works作品,工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡
十一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如:Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二) 特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
希望对你有帮助!给个好评吧,谢谢你了!
㈢ 七年级上册英语的语法知识
初一上册英语语法
1.there be 句型 “有”指 “某地有某物”形式 :there is, there are
例:There is some food in the fridge。冰箱里有一些食物。
There are many books on the desk. 桌上有许多书。
区分:there is 用于修饰单数名词和不可数名词 ,例如:a book , an egg, milk, ice-cream .......
there are 用来修饰可数名词复数
如果要表达某处没有某物 则要用there be 句型的否定形式,即在there be 后加not ,即 there be not
形式:there is not (there isn't) there are not (there aren't)
例: There isn't any milk in a glass。
There aren't any vegetables in the fridge.
若表示是否有,则要用 there be 句型的疑问句 即把be 提前 Be there 形式 Is there , Are there
例:Is there any milk in the glass?
Are there any vegetables in the fridge?
注意:这里涉及some any 的用法 some 用于肯定句中,any 用于否定句和疑问句中。但是在表示请求的
疑问句中,是想要得到肯定答复的,要用some。例:Would you like some milk?
对于there be 疑问句的回答:肯定:Yes,there is\are. No,there isn't\aren't.
2.have\has got 有 指某人有某物
例:I have a dog.我有一只狗。
He has a sister and a brother.他有一个姐姐和一个弟弟。
区分 :have\ has: have用来修饰第一人称和第二人称和第三人称复数(I ,we ,they) has用来修饰第三
人称单数(she, he , it )
若表示某人没有某物,则要用否定形式,即在have\has got 后加not 即have not (haven't)got ,has not
(hasn't)got.
例:I haven't got a sister but i have a brother.
She hasn't got bright eyes and long hairs.
某人是否有某物则要用have\has got的疑问形式,Have\Has +sb.\sth. + got
Have they got a picnic at weekends?
Has the dog got a host family?
回答:肯定:Yes, i \we \they have. Yes , she\ he \ it has.
否定:No , i \ we \ they haven't. No, she \he \it hasn't.
注意:there be 和 have got 的区别 两者虽都指"有",但侧重点不同。
例:《1》There are some food in the fridge.
<2>The fridge has got some food.
虽然都是“冰箱里有食物”但(1)句侧重于食物,(2)句侧重于冰箱。
3.be(am is are)
用法:我用am 你用are is连着她他它,单数用is,复数用are
例:I am a stident. She is a beutiful girl. He is a child. It is a dog.
You are my teacher. They are my friends, The boys all are England.
be 的否定形式 直接加not 即 am not, are not , is not.
例:I am not an English. I am Chinese.
She isn't kind. They aren't my friends.
疑问形式把be提前 即 be+ 主语......?
例:Is he your father?
Are they going to have a party?
回答:肯定:Yes, I am. Yes,she \ he \it is. Yes , you \ we \ they are.
否定: No, I am not. No, she \ he \ it isn't. No , you \ we \ they aren't.
be的句式, 所用情况:
1》be + 形容词(adj.). 例:I am very happy.
2> be+ 名词(n.) 例:He is a boy.
3> be + 介词短语 例:She is in the school.
4> be+形容词短语例: He is only 11 years old.
5> be+ 副词 例:Class is over.
4. 情态动词 can
can 可以 能够,表示某人能做某事 用法:can+v.原 不能做某事,则用can 的否定形式:
cannot (can't)+v.原
can没有人称和数的变化,因此谁能(不能)做某事都能用can
若表示某人是否能做某事 则要用can 的疑问形式,即can+sb.……?
例:I can speak Chinese. I can't speak English. Can you speak English?
He can swim but he can't play football.
Can she play the piano?
疑问句回答 :肯定:Yes, I \she \ you \ he \it \they \ we can.
否定:No, I \ she \ he \it \ you \ we \ they can't.
注意:can 表示“能力”时,指现在的能力,并不指过去或将来的能力。
5 . 情态动词would 想 主要用于 would you like to ...句型中,表示邀请。
例:Would you like to go to school with me ?
回答一般有两种形式:1 表示愿意:I' like \ love to. 2 拒绝:Sorry, 原因。
注意:would like to 本身并不表示邀请, 而是想要。例:I would like to some books.
另外,表示邀请还能说:Let's...... Shall we...... What \ How about.......
还要注意邀请时询问信息的表达方式:1)询问时间:When is... 2) 询问地点: Where is....
6 行为动词的一般现在时
用法:
1.如果表示某人经常性或习惯性做某事,则要用行为动词的一般现在时
He goes to school every day.
They eat dinner in the evening.
2.若表示某人现在的动态,也可用一般现在时。
I know him very well. 我和他很熟。
He likes English very much. 他非常喜欢英语。
若表示否定意义,若主语是第一人称或第二人称或第三人称复数,只要在谓语动词后加not,即do not
(don't) ,若主语是第三人称单数,则要在谓语动词后加does not (doesn't)
例:I don't go to school every day.
She doesn't goes to the shop every day.
You don' t sing vell well.
若表示是否经常做某事 则要用疑问意义,将do \ does 提前即可
例:Do you write a composition every day? 你每天写一篇作文吗?
Does it smell good? 它闻起来很香吗?
注意:行为动词的一般现在时中涉及了频度副词,用法:用于行为动词之前,be动词之后
常见的频度副词有:often ,always , usually , never ,seldom ,sometimes等
7.变法总结
名词变复数(1)一般在词尾加-s 例词:bags, vegetables , books
(2)以s , x , ch , sh 结尾的加-es 例词: watches , boxes , buses , brushes
(3)以o 结尾的加-es 例词:两人两菜:heroes 英雄 negroes 黑人 tomatoes 西红柿
potatoes 土豆
(4)以o 结尾的加-s 例词:zoos , zeros
(5) 以 辅音字母+y 结把y 变 i 加-es 例词:baby——babies ,city——cities
(6)以 f 或 fe 结尾 ,把f 或 fe变成 -ves 例词:beaf——beaves , life——lives
第三人称单数变化形式和名词变复数变化形式相同
㈣ 七年级英语期中复习资料(有重点句型、每个单元的单词、语法)
初中英语语法知识难点大全
英语语法知识难点(一)
(一) 形容词和副词
I. 要点
A. 形容词
1、 形容词的用法
形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的,通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补,有时还可作状语。如:
He is honest and hardworking.
I found the book interesting.
某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时,谓语通常用复数形式。如:
The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.
The English like to be with their families.
多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序:
冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态(描述性)+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。如:
the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.
2、 形容词比较等级的形式
(1) 规则形式
一般说来,单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er; --est 来构成比较级和最高级;其他双音节词及多音节词在前加more, most.如:
great-greater-greatest
busy-busier-busiest
important-more important-(the)most important
(2) 不规则形式
good (well)-better-best
bad (ill)-worse-worst
many (much)-more-most
little-less-least
(3) 形容词比较等级的用法
①表示两者的比较,用形容词的比较级+than. 如:
He is cleverer than the other boys.
This one is more beautiful than that one.
②表示两者以上的比较,用"the +形容词最高级(+名词)+of(in) …"如:
He is the cleverest boy in his class.
③表示两者是同等程度,用"as +形容词原级+as". 如:
He is as tall as I.
I have as many books as you.
④ 越… 越…
例如:The more I learn, the happier I am.
⑤ You can never be too careful. 越小心越好
又如:You can never praise the teacher too highly.
你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。
⑥ I have never spent a more worrying day.
那一天是最令我担心的一天。
I have never had a better dinner.
这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭。
⑦ My English is no better than yours.
我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样。
B.副词
1、 副词的种类
(1) 时间副词 如:ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow等
(2) 地点副词 如:here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down, back, away, outside等。
(3) 方式副词 如:carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, nervously等。
(4) 程度副词 如:almost, nearly, much, greatly, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very等。
2、 副词比较等级的用法
其用法与形容词相似,只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词。如:
Of all the boys he sings (the) most beautifully.
We must work harder.
3、 某些副词在用法上的区别
(1) already, yet, still
already表示某事物已经发生,主要用于肯定句;yet表示期待某事发生,主要用于否定句和疑问句;still表示某事还在进行,主要用于肯定句和疑问句,有时也可用于否定句。如:
We've already watched that film.
I haven't finished my homework yet.
He still works until late every night.
(2) too, as well, also, either
too, as well和 also用于肯定句和疑问句,too和as well多用于口语,一般放在句末,而also多用于书面语,一般放在句中与动词连用。either用于否定句和否定的疑问句,往往放在句末。如:
He went there too.
He didn't go there either.
I like you as well.
I also went there.
(3) hard, hardly
hardly意为"几乎"与hard在词义上完全不同。如:
I work hard every day.
I can hardly remember that.
(4) late, lately
lately意为"最近、近来",late意为"晚、迟"。如:
He never comes late.
Have you been to the museum lately?
II. 例题
例1 Tom's father thinks he is already ____
A high enough B tall enough
C enough high C enough tall
解析:该题正确答案是B。修饰人高用tall, 而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修饰形容词要放在形容词后面。因此该题选B。
例2 ____ the worse I seem to be.
A When I take more medicine
B The more medicine I take
C Taking more of the medicine
D More medicine taken
解析:该题正确答案为B。"the+形容词比较级+… , the +形容词比较级+…"意为越…,越…。该句意为:吃的药越多,我的病越是加重。
例3"I haven't been to London yet".
"I haven't been there ____".
A too B also C either D neither
解析:该题正确答案为C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意为否定"两者都不",而C-either则用于否定句中,意为"也"。
例4 Mr Smith was ____ moved at the news.
A deep B deeply C very deep D quite deeply
解析:该题正确答案为B。A. deep用于副词时,修饰具体的深,如dig deep,而B-deeply则修饰表示感情色彩的词,如该题为deeply moved.另如deeply regret等。而D-quite和deeply均为副词,不能互相修饰。
(二) 介词
I. 要点
1、介词和种类
(1) 简单介词,常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。
(2) 复合介词,如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。
2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系
(1) 和动词的搭配,如agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about等。
(2) 和形容词的搭配,如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at
(3) 和名词的搭配,如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to等.
3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语,这种修饰语通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely等少数几个副词。如:
He came right after dinner.
He lives directly opposite the school.
4、 某些介词的意义与用法举例
(1) at, on, in(表时间)
表示时间点用at,如at four o'clock, at midnight等;表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。
指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September lst等。
指长于或短于一天的时段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999等。
(2) between, among(表位置)
between仅用于二者之间,但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时,也用between, 如
I'm sitting between Tom and Alice.
The village lies between three hills.
among用于三者或三者以上之间。如:
He is the best among the students.
(3) beside, besides
beside意为"在…旁边",而besides意为"除…之外"。如:
He sat beside me.
What do you want besides this?
(4)in the tree, on the tree
in the tree 指动物或人在树上,而on the tree 指果实、树叶长在树上
(5)on the way, in the way, by the way, in this way
on the way 指在路上 in the way 指挡道
by the way 指顺便问一句 in this way 用这样的方法
(6)in the corner, at the corner
in the corner 指在拐角内 at the corner 指在拐角外
(7)in the morning, on the morning
in the morning 是一般说法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨
(8)by bus, on the bus
by bus 是一般说法 on the bus 特指乘某一辆车
II. 例题
例1 Do you know any other foreign language____ English?
A except B but C beside D besides
解析:A、B两项except等于but,意为"除了…",C-beside意为"在…旁边",不符合题意。而D-besides, 意为"除了…之外,还有"。所以该题正确答案为D。该题意为:除了英语外,你还知道别的语言吗?
例2 He suddenly returned ____ a rainy night.
A on B at C in D ring
解析:我们均知道,at night这一短语,但如果night前有修饰词,表具体的夜晚,则要用介词on来修饰,故该题正确答案为A。
例3 I'm looking forward ____your letter.
A to B in C at D on
解析:该题正确答案为A。look forward to 为固定搭配,意为"期望、盼望"。(三) 连词
I. 要点
1、 连词的种类
(1) 并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句,如and, for, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor等。
(2) 从属连词用来引导从句,如that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as等。
除了从属连词(引导状语从句)外,还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类。它们是连接代词和连接副词(引导名词性从句),关系代词和关系副词(引导定语从句)。
2、 常用连词举例
(1)and 和,并且
They drank and sang all night.
(2) both…and 和, 既…也…
Both my parents and I went there.
(3) but 但是,而
I'm sad, but he is happy.
(4) either…or 或…或…, 要么…要么…
Either you're wrong, or I am.
(5) for因为
I asked him to stay, for I had something to tell him.
(6) however 然而,可是
Af first, he didn't want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go.
(7) neither…nor 既不…也不
Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you.
(8) not only…but(also) 不但…而且…
He not only sings well, but also dances well.
(9) or 或者,否则
Hurry up, or you'll be late.
Are you a worker or a doctor?
(10) so 因此,所以
It's getting late, so I must go.
(11) although 虽然
Although it was late, they went on working.
(12) as soon as 一 …就
I'll tell him as soon as I see him.
(13) because 因为
He didn't go to school, because he was ill.
(14)unless 除非,如果不
I won't go unless it is fine tomorrow.
(15)until 直到…
He didn't leave until eleven. (瞬间动词用于not… until 结构)
He stayed there until eleven.
(16)while 当…时候,而 (表示对比)
While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while后不可用瞬间动词)
My pen is red while his is blue.
(17)for 因为
He was ill, for he didn't come. (结论是推断出来的)
(18)since自从…
I have lived here since my uncle left.
(19)hardly… when 一… 就
I had hardly got to the station when the train left.
(20)as far as 就… 来说
As far as I know, that country is very small.
You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那里)
II. 例题
例1 John plays football ____, if not better than, David.
A as well B as well as C so well D so well as
解析:该题意为:John踢足球如果不比David好的话,那也踢得和David一样好。 和…一样好为as well as. 故该题正确答案为B。
例2 She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
A when B where C which D while
解析:该处意为"然而",只有while有此意思,故选D。
例3 Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?
A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise
解析:该处意为"或者",正确答案为C。
㈤ 初一上册英语期中所有语法积累,要具体,详细
主要掌握几种时态
1,一般现在时
2,一般过去时
3,一般将来时
4,现在进行时
还有几种词
1,名词
2,代词
3,形容词
4,动词
5,冠词
㈥ 初中七年级英语语法!急!!~~~~
记住,一句句子里不能出现两个动词。
例如:She
likes
eating
cakes.
like(动词,因为“She”是
第三人称单数
,所以版为权:likes),eat(也是动词,所以变动名词eating)
还有:TO
后面加
动词原形
watch,第三人称单数(HE
、SHE、IT)用watches,如果有动词了用watching。
㈦ 七年级上册英语语法
一. 词汇
⑴ 单词
1. 介词:in, on, under, behind, near, at, of
1). in表示"在……中", "在……内"。例如:
in our class 在我们班上
in my bag 在我的书包里
in the desk 在桌子里
in the classroom 在教室里
2). on 表示"在……上"。例如:
on the wall 在墙上
on the desk 在桌子上
on the blackboard 在黑板上
3). under表示"在……下"。例如:
under the tree 在树下
under the chair 在椅子下
under the bed 在床下
4). behind表示"在……后面"。例如:
behind the door 在门后
behind the tree 在树后
5). near表示"在……附近"。例如:
near the teacher's desk 在讲桌附近
near the bed 在床附近
6). at表示"在……处"。例如:
at school 在学校
at home 在家
at the door 在门口
7). of 表示"……的"。例如:
a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画
a map of China 一张中国地图
2. 冠词 a / an / the:
冠词一般位于所限定的名词前,用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式,即a和an。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前,如a book; an用在以元音音素开头的字母前,如an apple.
a或an与可数名词单数连用,泛指某类人或某物中的一个。
This is a cat.
这是一只猫。
It's an English book.
这是一本英语书。
His father is a worker.
他的爸爸是个工人。
the既可以用在可数名词前,也可以用在不可数名词前,表示某个或某些特定的人或事物,也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。
Who's the boy in the hat?
戴帽子的男孩是谁呀?
------ What can you see in the classroom?
------ I can see a bag.
------ Where's the bag?
------ It's on the desk.
------- 你能在教室里看到什么呀?
------ 我能看见一个书包。
------ 书包在哪呀?
------ 在桌子上。
3.some和any
①在肯定句中用some.例如:
There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些书。
Lucy has some good books露西有一些好书。
②在疑问句和否定句中用any。例如:
Is there any ink in your pen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗?
Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗?
There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里没有水。
⑵记住它们的特殊用法。
①some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中,这一点我们不久就会学到。例如:
Would you like to have some apples?你想吃苹果吗?
②any也可用于肯定句中,表示"任何的"。例如:
Any one of us can do this.我们当中任何一个都能做这个。
some 和any的用法是经常出现的考点,希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法。
4.family
family看作为一个整体时,意思是"家庭",后面的谓语动词be用单数形式 is ;如把family看作为家庭成员时,应理解为复数,后面的谓语动词be应用are。
My family is a big family. 我的家庭是个大家庭。
My family are all at home now. 我的家人现在都在家。
Family强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。home指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点。 house指"家"、"房屋",侧重居住的建筑本身。
His family are all workers. 他的家人都是工人。
My home is in Beijing. 我的家在北京。
He isn't at home now. 他现在不在家。
It's a picture of my family. 这是一张我全家的照片。
5. little的用法
a little dog 一只小狗,a little boy 一个小男孩。little常用来修饰有生命的名词。
*但little还可表示否定意义,意为"少的",加不可数名词。
There is little time. 几乎没时间了。
There is little water in the cup. 杯中水很少。
⑵ 词组
on the desk 在桌子上
behind the chair 在椅子后
under the chair 在椅子下面
in her pencil-box 在她的铅笔盒中
near the door 在门附近
a picture of a classroom 一个教室的图片
look at the picture 看这张图片
the teacher's desk 讲桌
a map of China 一张中国地图
family tree 家谱
have a seat 坐下,就坐
this way 这边走
二. 日常用语
1. Come and meet my family.
2. Go and see. I think it's Li Lei.
3. Glad to meet you.
4. What can you see in the picture?
I can see a clock / some books.
5. Can you see an orange?
Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
6. Where's Shenzhen?
It's near Hong Kong.
7. Let me see.(口语)让我想想看。
see 在这是"明白、懂了",不可译作"看见"。例如:
8. Please have a seat.
seat表示"座位",是个名词。have a seat表示"就坐",也可以说take a seat, 和sit down的意思相同。
三. 语法
1. 名词所有格
名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系,通常用名词所有格的形式,意为"……的"。一般有以下几种形式:
(1). 一般情况下在词尾加"'s"。例如:
Kate's father Kate的爸爸
my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友
(2). 如果复数名词以s结尾,只加"'"。例如:
Teachers' Day 教师节
The boys' game 男孩们的游戏
(3). 如果复数名词不以s结尾,仍加"'s"。例如:
Children's Day 儿童节
Women's Day 妇女节
(4). 表示两个或几个共有时,所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如:
Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间
Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸
动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s",而常常用介词of的短语来表示。
a map of China 一幅中国地图
the name of her cat 她的猫的名字
a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片
the door of the bedroom 卧室的门
2. 祈使句
祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语,读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌,常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾时,please前多用逗号。
(1). 祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。
Go and see. 去看看。
Come in, please. 请进。
(2). 祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首。
Don't look at your books. 不要看书。
Don't play on the road. 不要在马路上玩。
3. There be 的句子结构
There be是一个"存在"句型,表示"有"的意思,
肯定句的形式为:There be + 名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。
be动词单复数的确定,看be后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时,be动词形式为is;当所接主语为复数名词时,be动词为are;当be动词后接两个以上主语时,be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为"某地有某人或某物"。如:
There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。
There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。
(1)there be的否定句,即在be的后面加上not。
否定形式为:There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。
There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。
There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。
(2)there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首:Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语?肯定回答:Yes, there is / are. 否定回答:No, there isn't / aren't.
---Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有一只狗吗?
---Yes, there is. 有。
---Are there any boats in the river? 河里有船吗?
---No, there aren't. 没有。
(3)特殊疑问句:How many . . . are there (+地点状语)?"某地有多少人或物?"回答用There be . . .
There's one. / There are two / three / some . . .
有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . .
---How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生?
---There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一个。/有九个。
(4)如果名词是不可数名词,用:How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语?
How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水?
How much food is there in the bowl? 碗里有多少食物?
㈧ 七年级上册英语的语法
是问数量的抄
how much专门用于不可数名词
和how many专门用于可数名词是一样的
但是不可数名词是不能加上复数形式的“-s”的
那么问数量的时候 都要加上is there或者are there的
可数名词加is there 不可数名词加are there
至于地点状语是可加可不加的 就是做修饰的
格式的话就是你括号里的那样子了(How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语)
㈨ 七年级上册半期英语语法。
一. 词汇
⑴ 单词
1. 介词:in, on, under, behind, near, at, of
1). in表示"在……中", "在……内"。例如:
in our class 在我们班上
in my bag 在我的书包里
in the desk 在桌子里
in the classroom 在教室里
2). on 表示"在……上"。例如:
on the wall 在墙上
on the desk 在桌子上
on the blackboard 在黑板上
3). under表示"在……下"。例如:
under the tree 在树下
under the chair 在椅子下
under the bed 在床下
4). behind表示"在……后面"。例如:
behind the door 在门后
behind the tree 在树后
5). near表示"在……附近"。例如:
near the teacher's desk 在讲桌附近
near the bed 在床附近
6). at表示"在……处"。例如:
at school 在学校
at home 在家
at the door 在门口
7). of 表示"……的"。例如:
a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画
a map of China 一张中国地图
2. 冠词 a / an / the:
冠词一般位于所限定的名词前,用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式,即a和an。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前,如a book; an用在以元音音素开头的字母前,如an apple.
a或an与可数名词单数连用,泛指某类人或某物中的一个。
This is a cat.
这是一只猫。
It's an English book.
这是一本英语书。
His father is a worker.
他的爸爸是个工人。
the既可以用在可数名词前,也可以用在不可数名词前,表示某个或某些特定的人或事物,也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。
Who's the boy in the hat?
戴帽子的男孩是谁呀?
------ What can you see in the classroom?
------ I can see a bag.
------ Where's the bag?
------ It's on the desk.
------- 你能在教室里看到什么呀?
------ 我能看见一个书包。
------ 书包在哪呀?
------ 在桌子上。
3.some和any
①在肯定句中用some.例如:
There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些书。
Lucy has some good books露西有一些好书。
②在疑问句和否定句中用any。例如:
Is there any ink in your pen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗?
Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗?
There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里没有水。
⑵记住它们的特殊用法。
①some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中,这一点我们不久就会学到。例如:
Would you like to have some apples?你想吃苹果吗?
②any也可用于肯定句中,表示"任何的"。例如:
Any one of us can do this.我们当中任何一个都能做这个。
some 和any的用法是经常出现的考点,希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法。
4.family
family看作为一个整体时,意思是"家庭",后面的谓语动词be用单数形式 is ;如把family看作为家庭成员时,应理解为复数,后面的谓语动词be应用are。
My family is a big family. 我的家庭是个大家庭。
My family are all at home now. 我的家人现在都在家。
Family强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。home指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点。 house指"家"、"房屋",侧重居住的建筑本身。
His family are all workers. 他的家人都是工人。
My home is in Beijing. 我的家在北京。
He isn't at home now. 他现在不在家。
It's a picture of my family. 这是一张我全家的照片。
5. little的用法
a little dog 一只小狗,a little boy 一个小男孩。little常用来修饰有生命的名词。
*但little还可表示否定意义,意为"少的",加不可数名词。
There is little time. 几乎没时间了。
There is little water in the cup. 杯中水很少。
⑵ 词组
on the desk 在桌子上
behind the chair 在椅子后
under the chair 在椅子下面
in her pencil-box 在她的铅笔盒中
near the door 在门附近
a picture of a classroom 一个教室的图片
look at the picture 看这张图片
the teacher's desk 讲桌
a map of China 一张中国地图
family tree 家谱
have a seat 坐下,就坐
this way 这边走
二. 日常用语
1. Come and meet my family.
2. Go and see. I think it's Li Lei.
3. Glad to meet you.
4. What can you see in the picture?
I can see a clock / some books.
5. Can you see an orange?
Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
6. Where's Shenzhen?
It's near Hong Kong.
7. Let me see.(口语)让我想想看。
see 在这是"明白、懂了",不可译作"看见"。例如:
8. Please have a seat.
seat表示"座位",是个名词。have a seat表示"就坐",也可以说take a seat, 和sit down的意思相同。
三. 语法
1. 名词所有格
名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系,通常用名词所有格的形式,意为"……的"。一般有以下几种形式:
(1). 一般情况下在词尾加"'s"。例如:
Kate's father Kate的爸爸
my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友
(2). 如果复数名词以s结尾,只加"'"。例如:
Teachers' Day 教师节
The boys' game 男孩们的游戏
(3). 如果复数名词不以s结尾,仍加"'s"。例如:
Children's Day 儿童节
Women's Day 妇女节
(4). 表示两个或几个共有时,所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如:
Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间
Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸
动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s",而常常用介词of的短语来表示。
a map of China 一幅中国地图
the name of her cat 她的猫的名字
a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片
the door of the bedroom 卧室的门
2. 祈使句
祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语,读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌,常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾时,please前多用逗号。
(1). 祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。
Go and see. 去看看。
Come in, please. 请进。
(2). 祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首。
Don't look at your books. 不要看书。
Don't play on the road. 不要在马路上玩。
3. There be 的句子结构
There be是一个"存在"句型,表示"有"的意思,
肯定句的形式为:There be + 名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。
be动词单复数的确定,看be后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时,be动词形式为is;当所接主语为复数名词时,be动词为are;当be动词后接两个以上主语时,be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为"某地有某人或某物"。如:
There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。
There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。
(1)there be的否定句,即在be的后面加上not。
否定形式为:There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。
There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。
There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。
(2)there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首:Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语?肯定回答:Yes, there is / are. 否定回答:No, there isn't / aren't.
---Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有一只狗吗?
---Yes, there is. 有。
---Are there any boats in the river? 河里有船吗?
---No, there aren't. 没有。
(3)特殊疑问句:How many . . . are there (+地点状语)?"某地有多少人或物?"回答用There be . . .
There's one. / There are two / three / some . . .
有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . .
---How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生?
---There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一个。/有九个。
(4)如果名词是不可数名词,用:How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语?
How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水?
How much food is there in the bowl? 碗里有多少食物?
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