Ⅰ 小学三年级,四年级,五年级分别应该教授哪些英语语法知识求有经验的老师给总结一下。不胜感激!
PEP小学英语语法精讲要点及习题
班级:_________________ 姓名:__________________
一、名词复数规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s, 如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
5.不规则名词复数:
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,. tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
练习: 写出下列各词的复数
I _________ him _________ this ___________ her ______
watch _______ child _______ photo ________ diary ______
day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________
tooth_______ sheep ______ box________ strawberry _____
thief _______ fish______ peach______ sandwich ______
man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice___________
water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________
二、一般现在时
一般现在时基本用法介绍
【No. 1】一般现在时的功能
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。
3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
一般现在时的构成
1. be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:
I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:
We study English.我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.一般现在时的变化
1. be动词的变化。
否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。
如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。
如:-Are you a student?
-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?
2.行为动词的变化。
否定句:主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如:
I don't like bread.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。如:
He doesn't often play.
一般疑问句:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如:
- Do you often play football?
- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如:
- Does she go to work by bike?
- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:How does your father go to work?
动词+s的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s, 如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es, 如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
一般现在时用法专练:
一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数
drink ________ go _________ stay ________ make ________
look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ________
come________ watch______ plant_______ fly __________
study_______ brush________ do_________ teach________
二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. He often ________ (have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy _______ (be) in Class One.
3. We _______ (not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick _______ (not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________ (like) the World Cup?
6. What _______they often _______ (do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______ (read) newspapers every day?
8. The girl _______ (teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ________ (take) a walk together every evening.
10. There ________ (be) some water in the bottle.
11. Mike _______ (like) cooking.
12. They _______ (have) the same hobby.
13. My aunt _______ (look) after her baby carefully.
14. You always _______ (do) your homework well.
15. I _______ (be) ill. I’m staying in bed.
16. She _______ (go) to school from Monday to Friday.
17. Liu Tao _______ (do) not like PE.
18. The child often _______ (watch) TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______ (have) eight lessons this term.
20. -What day _______ (be) it today?- It’s Saturday.
三、按照要求改写句子
1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答)
___________________________
4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)
___________________________________________________
5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)
_______________________________________________________
6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)
___________________________________________________
9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
三、现在进行时
1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.
3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。
4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。
5.现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为:
疑问词不达意 + be + 主语 + 动词ing?
但疑问词当主语时其结构为:
疑问词不达意 + be + 动词ing?
动词加ing的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加ing, 如:cook-cooking
2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting
3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping
现在进行时专项练习:
一、写出下列动词的现在分词:
play________ run__________ swim _________ make__________
go_________ like________ write________ _ ski___________
read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________
put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________
live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________
stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________
二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .
6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .
8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.
9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now
10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .
三、句型转换:
1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
2.The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3.I’m playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问)
_________________________________________________________________
4.Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问)
四、将来时理论及练习
一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。
二、基本结构:①be going to + do;
②will+ do.
三、否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)l后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t.
例如:I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.
四、一般疑问句: be或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。
例如:We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?
五、对划线部分提问。一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。
1. 问人。Who 例如:I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York soon.
2. 问干什么。What … do.例如: My father is going to watch a race with me this
afternoon. →What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.
3. 问什么时候。When.例如:She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going
to bed?
六、同义句:be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
练习:
一、填空。
1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.
I ________ have a picnic with my friends.
2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。
What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday?
I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.
What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball.
3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。
_____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________?
Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit.
4. 你们打算什么时候见面。
What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?
二、改句子。
5. Nancy is going to go camping.(改否定) Nancy ________ going to go camping.
6. I’ll go and join them.(改否定) I _______ go ______ join them.
7. I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.(改一般疑问句)
________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?
8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.(改一般疑问句)
_______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.
9. She is going to listen to music after school.(对划线部分提问)
________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school?
10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上)
_________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.
三、用所给词的适当形式填空。
11. Today is a sunny day. We ___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon.
12. My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week.
13.Tom often ______________(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He ______________ (go) to school by bike.
14.What do you usually do at weekends? I usually __________ (watch) TV and ____________(catch) insects?
15. It’s Friday today. What _____she _________ (do) this weekend? She ______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects.
16.What ___________ (d0) you do last Sunday? I ____________ (pick) apples on a farm. What ______________ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows.
17.Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.
18. Liu Tao ____________ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.
19. David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday.
20. I ________________ (plan) for my study now
五、一般过去时
1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。
2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:
⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t)
⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t)
⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。
3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子
否定句:didn’t +动词原形,如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday.
一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。
如:Did Jim go home yesterday?
特殊疑问句:⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?
如: What did Jim do yesterday?
⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?
如:Who went to home yesterday?
动词过去式变化规则:
1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted
3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i, 再加-ed,如:study-studied
5.不规则动词过去式:
am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, fly-flew,
make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat
过去时练习
一、写出下列动词的过去式
is\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________
drink_________ play_______ go________ make _____ ___
does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____
taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______
throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________
二、用be动词的适当形式填空
1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.
2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.
3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)
4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?
5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.
6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.
7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.
8. ---What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning?
---She __________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.
六、形容词和副词的比较级复习及练习
一、形容词的比较级
1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little 来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。
2.形容词加er的规则:
⑴一般在词尾加er ;
⑵以字母e 结尾,加r ;
⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ;
⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。
3.不规则形容词比较级:
good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
二、副词的比较级
1.形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)
⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后
⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后
2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 (不规则变化:well-better, far-farther)
七、There be 句型与have, has的区别
1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)
2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最*近be 动词的那个名词决定。
3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。
4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。
5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。
6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。
7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:
How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语?
How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?
8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:
What’s + 介词短语?
八、人称代词和物主代词
1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别:主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前(有时候位于than 之后),宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。
2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别:形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词,名词性则单独使用,后面不带名词。
人称代词 物主代词
主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性
我 I me 我的 my mine
你,你们 you you 你的,你们的 your yours
他 he him 他的 his his
她 she her 她的 her hers
它 it it 它的 its its
我们 we us 我们的 our ours
他(她,它)们 they them 他(她,它)们的 their theirs
九、系动词Be(am, is, are)的用法
一、请记住以下口诀:
我用am,你用are,is连着他,她,它; 单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。
变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。 变否定,更容易,be后not莫忘记。
疑问否定任你变,句首大写莫迟疑。
二、Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:
1.am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not = wasn’t)
2.are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not = weren’t)
3.带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和am,is, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。
Ⅱ 2013教育部审定科学普及出版社英语(三年级起点)四年级下册课本重点句型及语法
对
Ⅲ 小学生三四年级有多少语法点五六年级有多少语法点英语
小学应该没什么语法点吧。我小学的时候只是记记读读简单的单词句子 。其实初中也没什么语法点 也就单复数什么的吧,都比较简单。高中语法就学的比较全面了。当然是我读的时候,我现在大一。
Ⅳ 小学三、四年级语文都要学什么语法啊 主谓宾什么的什么时候学呢
小朋友不要着急,主谓宾什么的初一才会深入了解。三四年级吗也就是什么爸爸妈妈呀,苹果梨啊,我叫什么你好吗……简单到去死~
Ⅳ 孩子小学三年级升四年级了,英语语法不好,依赖性也太重,我家在莲花路地铁站附近有没有好一点的补课机构
家长。你好。孩子学习是不能强迫的。强迫的话可能会使孩子更加不喜欢这门功课。你可以下载一些让他看一些国外的动画片。或者电影。慢慢的孩子就喜欢上英语了,我就是这样过来的。望采纳
Ⅵ 小学三四年级的英语可以教什么样的音标和语法
满意答案⒈丫⒈吖4级2010-04-14我觉得6年级再学音标吧。三四年级的孩子你可以教他们字母啊还有一些简单的对话,比如:what's your name? how are you之类的。如果有条件的话还是集体订教材吧,这样会系统一点。 追问: 恩,他们有教材。但是在教句子的时候,他们自动分解成一个一个单词来读,学起来困难不说,也不能体会到语言的感觉和句子的意义。我想解决这个难题…… 回答: sorry,昨天网断了没有及时回复。我认为三四年级的学生学英语的话都是这样的,因为如果你要他们体会句子的意义或者是结构之类的,这就要涉及语法的问题了,当然是行不通的。你最重要的是培养他们的语感,还有让他们多积累一些简单的单词。我记得我是小学四年级开的英语课,当时老师就是只教我们读一些简单的句子,读很多遍,但是从来不分析句子的,我记不住就用中文发音标在下面。然后就是教些单词,比如nurse、worker之类的。我们的考试也就是老师把我们一个个叫出去,然后他随便指课本中的某个句子或者单词让我们读。我认为这样就可以了,因为英语这个东西,其实你学多了看多了自然就明白了,启蒙阶段不必要太深入。另外,你可以教他们书写啊,让他们把英文字母都写标准了。音标6年级再学,到时候就要纠正他们的发音,不允许他们再用中文发音来标注了。 追问: 恩,我也是想以培养语感为目的,只是不知具体怎么操作 好吧,多读,这个感觉还蛮好,谢谢啦!呵呵 桑桑 的感言: 谢谢!还有什么教学方法可以再帮忙指点下啊
Ⅶ 小学三年级,四年级,五年级和六年级英语分别都讲哪些语法并详细举例说明一下,谢谢!
小学语法总结:
时态 定义 特征 动词的变化规则
一
般
现
在
时 表示经常性或习惯性的动作. every day/morning/…
usually 第三人称单数的变化情况:
1. 一般情况在词尾直接加-s
2. 以ch,sh,s,x或o结尾的词加-es
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词,将y改成i再加-es
现
在
进
行
时 表示现在或现在一阶段正在进行的动作. now/ look/ listen 现在分词的变化情况:
1. 一般情况在词尾直接加-ing
2. 以e结尾的词,去掉e再加-ing
3. 以重读闭音节结尾的词,双写最后一个字母加-ing
一
般
过
去
时 表示过去某时发生的动作或情况. yesterday morning/afternoon/evening
last year/month
a minute ago/an hour ago
this morning/afternoon/evening 动词过去式的变化情况:
1. 一般情况在词尾直接加-ed
2. 以e结尾的词加-d
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词,将y改成i再加-ed
4. 以重读闭音节结尾的词,双写最后一个字母加-ed
一
般
将
来
时 表示将要发生的事情 tomorrow
the day after tomorrow/
the next day/Monday…
at the weekend/tonight
tomorrow night/morning/afternoon 主要构成
be going to/will + 动词原形
be +形容词
凡是在must, mustn’t, can, can’t, let’s, don’t, may,will后的一定要用动词的原形
二、名词的复数。
名词按其数,可分两种:可数名词和不可数名词.
可数名词的复数变化规则:
1.一般情况下,直接在词尾加-s, 如:girl-girls, book-books, pen-pens
2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词,在词后加-es, 如:class-classes, box-boxes, match-matches,
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y 为i 再加-es, 如:city-cities, family-families, country- countries
4.以f或fe结尾的,变f或fe为v再加-es, 如:knife-knives, wife-wives, life-lives,
5.以o 结尾的加-es或-s, 如: radio-radios, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, zoo-zoos, photo-photos,
6.man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, child-children,
三、形容词的比较级、最高级。
形容词有比较级与最高级之分, 单音节词的变化规则:
1.一般情况下,直接在词尾加-er或-est, 如:small-smaller-smallest, short-shorter-shortest
2.以e结尾的,加-er或-est, 如:large-larger-largest, nice-nicer-nicest.
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的, 变y 为i 再加-er或-est, 如:busy-busier-busiest, heavy-heavier-heaviest.
4.以重读闭音节,一个辅音字母结尾的,双写该字母,再加-er或-est, 如:big-bigger-biggest, thin-thinner-thinnest.
5.多音节的词,前加more, most, 如: beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful.
6.good-better-best
四、be 动词,助动词。
现阶段be动词形式有: am, is, are, were, was, isn’t, aren’t, weren’t, wasn’t
助动词形式有: do, does, did, don’t, doesn’t, didn’t
※ 1. 在英语句子中进行变化的时候, 有be动词的就在be动词上变化,变 “过去”, “否定”;
否定 过去 否定
am-------am not(第一人称 “I” ) am, is ------ was --------- wasn’t
is ------- isn’t (第三人称) are ------were --------- weren’t
are------aren’t (you和其它人称)
2. 没有be动词的就要加助动词;
否定 过去 过去否定
do -----don’t ------did---------didn’t
does(第三人称单数)-----doesn’t ------did---------didn’t
五.人称代词
主语 物主代词 宾格
形容词性 名词性
I my mine me
she her hers her
he his his him
it its its it
you your yours you
we our ours us
they their theirs them
六.特殊疑问词
What is this?
What is this in English?
What is the matter?
What is the weather like?
What is the country like?
What is she/he/
What do you like?
What What does he do?
What do you have for…?
What colour…?
What class…?
What grade…?
What time…?
What day…?
What do/does/did+…?
How are you?
How old…?
How How many…?
How much…?
How long…?
How do/does/did+…?
Which +n.+ (be动词/助动词)+…?
Whose+ n.+ (be动词/助动词)+…?
Where+ v. (be动词/助动词)+sb. +…?
When +v. (be动词/助动词)+ sb.+…?
Who +v. (be动词/助动词/行为动词)+sb.+…?
Why +v. (be动词/助动词)+ sb. +…?
※有can, will, must这几个词的句子,所有的句型转换都在此词变化
动词的时态
11.1 一般现在时的用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如:
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如:
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3) 表示格言或警句。例如:
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如:
I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。
比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。
第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.2 一般过去时的用法
1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如:
Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?
2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。例如:
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热烈欢迎。
3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。例如:It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ,例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。例如:I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义:她已不在人间。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义:她现在还活着)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)
注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。
1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如:
Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗?
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。
2)情态动词 could, would。例如:
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车,能借用一些吗?
返回动词的时态目录
11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do:"过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。例如:
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。
be used to + doing: 对……已感到习惯,或"习惯于",to是介词,后需加名词或动名词。例如:
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。
典型例题
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语,但从语意上看出,在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去,因此应用过去时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.4 一般将来时
1) shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如:
Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢?
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗?
2) be going to +不定式,表示将来。
a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?
b. 计划,安排要发生的事。例如:The play is going to be proced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。
3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如:
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。例如:
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意:be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
返回动词的时态目录
11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时,be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如:
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
返回动词的时态目录
11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如:
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客观安排)
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。(主观安排)
返回动词的时态目录
11.7 一般现在时表将来
1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如:
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。
2)以here, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。例如:
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
3)在时间或条件句中。例如:
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。
4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如:
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前,务必把窗户关了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.8 用现在进行时表示将来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如:
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗?
返回动词的时态目录
11.9 现在完成时
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成:have (has) +过去分词。
返回动词的时态目录
11.10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时
1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆为具体的时间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不确定的时间状语。
共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如:
I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了)
Ⅷ 小学三四年级的英语可以教什么样的音标和语法
小学低年级阶段可以教一些字母组合的发音,例如ow组合,ou组合等等,对于小学生实用性更强。教系统的音标很容易弄混。
语法的话从简单句型着手,先培养语感。再教一些简单的语法概念,像be动词啊等等。