㈠ 初三英语语法讲解
more是比较级
much是原级，并且它修饰不可数名词
㈡ 初三英语语法点
独立主格结构
独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分(分词、不定式、名词、代词、形容词、副词或介词短语)构成。
独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，所以在语法上不是句子。但多有名词或代词表示的逻辑主语，分词或不定式表示的逻辑谓语，有时还有其他修饰成分。(判断一个结构是否是句子的标准就是看看这个结构是否有谓语动词。)这种结构通常在句子中起方式、时间、原因、条件等状语或状语从句的作用，主要用于书面语。使用动词非谓语形式的独立主格结构可以改为句子形式(从句):独立主格结构加上连词，非谓语动词改为谓语动词形式，这样就成为从句了。
例如:
Today being Sunday, the library isn' t open.今天星期天，图书馆不开放。
(原因)改为从句:
As (Since) today is Sunday, the library isn' t open.
例如:
There being no buses，we had to take a taxi. 没有汽车了，我们只好坐出租车了。
Because there were no buses, we had to take a taxi.
The signal given，the bus started.信号发出后，公共汽车就启动了。
(时间)改为从句:
After the signal was given, the bus started.
The boy followed that man here，and climbed in，sword in hand.少年跟那个人到这里，并爬了进来，手里拿着剑。
The boy followed that man here，and climbed in，and had a sword in his hand.
The mid-term examination is over, the end-of-term examination to come two months later.期中考试结束了，两个月之后进行期末考试.
The mid-term examination is over, and the end-of-term examination is to come two months later.
Weather permitting, we' 11 visit the Great Wall.如果天气允许的话，我们就去参观长城。
If weather permits, we' 11 visit the Great Wall.
The boy followed that man here, and climbed in, sword in hand.少年跟那个人到这里，并爬了进来，手里拿着剑。(伴随状语)
上文例句中sword in hand是由“名词+介词短语”构成，表示伴随的情况。这种表示伴随情的独立主格结构，有时可以用with引出，二者的意思是一样的，with结构更加口语话，更加常用。
She left the office with tears in her eyes.她眼里含着泪水，离开了办公室。
The teacher walked into the classroom, with a ruler under his arm and some books in his hand.老师胳膊底下挟着一把尺子，手里拿着几本书，走进了教室。
The teacher walked into the classroom. He was holding a ruler under his arm and some books in his hand.
Tian' anmen Square looks magnificent with all the lights on.华灯齐放，天安门广场显得美丽动人。
With the boy leading the way, we found his house with no difficulty.由这孩子领路，我们毫不费劲地找到他的家。
With him to give us a lead, our team is bound to turn out well.有他给我们带头，我们对一定能搞好。
1、指出下列句子中的独立主格结构:
1) My work having been finished, I went home.
---My work having been finished
2)The woman sat smiling, surrounded by her flowers, a faraway look in her eyes.
---A faraway look in her eyes
3) My watch having been lost, I didn' t know what time it was.
---My watch having been lost
4) He came into the room, his face red with cold.
--- his face red with cold
5) There an elderly patient was sitting in her wheelchair alone, head bowed, her back to most of the others.
--- Head bowed. her back to mast of the others
6) A man came in, his face hidden by an upturned coat collar and a cap pulled law over his brow.
--- His face hidden by an upturned…….
用独立主格结构改正下列句子:
1) Being cold, he put on his overcoat.
---It being cold, …
2) Being no bus, we had to walk home.
--- There being no bus, ...
3) Getting colder, same birds are flying away to the south.
--- It getting colder, ...
4) Being ill, Mr. Li taught the lesson in place of Mr. Wang.
--- Mr. Wang being ill, Mr. Li taught..
5) Asia is the largest continent, being about 43 million square kilometer.
---…，its size (area) being about 43….
用独立主格结构将括号内的汉语译成英语填空:
1)Bing Bing entered the room, _____ (手里拿着一个大苹果).
---- (with) a big apple in his hand.
2) _____(下课了)，the children ran out of the class room.
---The class being over
3） The little girl waited at the bus stop for a long time, _____(鼻子冻得通红).
---her nose red with cold
4) Here comes the Shanghai train, _____ (从福州来的火车)
---the Fuzhou train to come half an hour later.
5) He was doing his homework._____ (他的父亲坐在旁边)
6) ____(谁也没有什么可说的), the meeting was closed.
-----Nobody having any more to say
一致
英语的一致有三种:主谓一致，代词一致，肯定与否定一致
一、主语与谓语的一致
英语语法要求，主语如果是单数，谓语动词也要用单数形式;主语若是复数，谓语动词也要用复数形式
例如:
She likes to eat well.她好吃
We all like good food.我们都喜欢好饭菜。
Everybody was happy with the decision. 人人都对这个决定感到高兴。
I am a doctor.我是个医生。
二、概念一致
1. And连接的两个或多个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式
His opinion and mine are different他的观点和我的是不同的。
Bob and Peter are deadly rivals. Bob和peter是死对头。
What she says and what she does are totally different. 她说的和做的完全不同。
但是如果and连接的是指一个单一概念时，谓语动词用单数。
Bread and milk has been my breakfast for years. 牛奶面包多年来一直是我的早餐。
Her lawyer and old friend is going to marry her.她的律师和老朋友要娶她。
All this effort and sacrifice has come to nothing. 所有这些努力和牺牲都白费了。
由and连接的单数主语分别有many a，ever y，each，no修饰时，动词用单数。
如：During the holidays, every train and every plane was crowded.假期期间每列火车及每架飞机都非常拥挤。
No boy and no girl has the right to refuse ecation. 男孩和女孩都没有拒绝教育的权利。
Man a man and man a woman was moved b this picture。许多男男女女都被这幅画感动。
2.如果主语是一个抽象概念(如不定式、动名词、主语从句等)谓语动词用单数形式。如果主语是用and连接的两个或多个抽象概念，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：Swimming jogging and cycling are all goad farms of sports exercises.游泳、慢跑和骑自行车都是很好的运动形式。
To live to eat is not a very goad attitude toward life. 活着就是为了吃不是好的生活态度。
To live to eat and to eat to live are very different attitudes toward life.
以what，who，why，haw, whether等wh一词引起的从句做主语时，谓语动词通常用单数;由and连接的两个主句如果指两件事，动词用复数。
例如:What he is doing is not clear yet他在干什么还不清楚
What he is doing and whether I know him are two different things.他在干什么和我是否认识他是两件不同的事。
What she told me is none of your business. 她和我说的什么用不着你管。
What she told me and what she told you are totally different things.
以what从句为主语的“主一系一表SVC"句型中，如果主句的表语是复数，主句谓语动词用复数形式;what从句本身是复数意义，主句谓语动词也可用复数。
如：What I need buy now are four tea cups and a pair of sports shoes.
我需要买的是四只茶杯和一双运动鞋。
What were thought to be five dogs were actually five sheep.
被认为是五条狗的东西实际上是五只羊。
3.集体名词family，class，crew(全体船员或机组人员)，crowd, group, committee, audience, government, public, team, staff, population等做主语时，若作为一个整体看待，后面谓语动词用单数; 如就其中每一个成员来考虑时，则用复数。
例如: My family is a big one.我家人多。
My family are all music lovers. 我全家人都爱好音乐。
Eighty percent of China' s population are peasants. 百分之八十的中国人口是农民。
China has a huge population. 中国有众多的人口。
The population of China is the largest in the world. 中国的人口是世界上最多的。
People, police, cattle,(牛)，militia(民兵)，poultry(家禽)，vermin(害出)等作主语时，后面的动词要用复数。
如：There were many people waiting outside. 有许多人在外面等着。
The police are searching far the murderer. 警察在搜捕凶手。
The cattle are grazing in the fields. 一群牛在田野里吃草。
Foliage(树叶)，machinery(机械)，equipment(设备) ,furniture(家具)，merchandise(商品)等通常做不可数名词，动词用单数，
如:The merchandise has arrived undamaged滴品已经到达，毫无损坏。
All the machinery in the factory is made in China. 本工厂里的所有机械都是中国制造的，
4.不定代词either，neither，ever y，each，one，the other, another以及所有的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词只用单数，包括“every/each/no……and every/each/no……”作主语时。
如：Every/Each plane and every/each pilot is ready to take off.
每架飞机和每个飞行员都已准备好起飞。
No plane and no pilot is ready to take off.
没有一架飞机、没有一个飞行员已准备好起飞。
Here are two books. Either of them is worth reading.
这有两本书，都值得一读。
Neither of these two dictionaries contains this ward.
这两本词典都没收入这个字
Everyone is here. No one is absent. 大家都到了，没有人缺席。
Somebody is using the phone. 有人在用电话。
I have two sisters. One is here, and the other is not here.
我有两个姐妹，一个在这儿，一个不在这儿。
Each day is better than the one before. 一天比一天好。
Either day is OK. 两天中哪一天都行。
5. what，who，which，any，mare，some，half，mast，all，none.等代词可以是单数，也可以是复数，主要靠意思决定。但指不可数名词时作单数看待。
例如：Which is your book? Which are your books?
Here' s same mare (coffee). Here' re same more (tomatoes).
None of the books are/is easy enough for us.
Most of Most of
All of All of
Some of The money was stolen Some of The member was there.
Half of Half of
None of None of
Two thirds of Two third of
由Many a或mare than one所修饰的词做主语时，意义上虽然是复数，但谓语动词用单数形式。none在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数.
如：Many a person is far his plan. 很多人赞成他的计划。
Mare than one people is against his plan. 不止一个人反对他的计划。
6.表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的单位名词，尽管是复数形式，如果作整体看待，动词都用单数形式。如果看作组成该数量的一个一个的个体，则动词用复数。
如：Twenty miles is a long way to walk. 走二十英里可是很长的一段路。
Ten years is a long time。十年很长。
Eight minutes is enough. 八分钟够了。
Twelve dollars is too dear. 十二美圆太贵了。
There are six silver dollars in each of the stacking. 每只袜子里有六个一美元的银币。
7. “the+形容词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数。表示抽象概念或指个别事物时谓语动词用单数。
如：The old are well taken care of. 老人得到很好的照顾。
The beautiful is laved by all. 人人都爱美，
The difficulty we do at once. The impassible takes a little loner.
困难的事情我们马上做。不可能的事情需要稍微长一点的时间。
还有the unknown(未知的事物)，the unexpected(出乎意料的事)，等等。
8. 如果主语由"a kind/sort/type of this kind/sort/type of +名词”组成，不管名词是单数还是复数，动词通常用单数。
如：This kind of man annoys me. =This kind of men annoys me. 这种人让我烦。
This kind of apple is very expensive. = This kind of apples is…这种苹果很贵。
类似的还有:a portion of(一部分)，a series of(一系列)，a pile of(一堆)，a panel of (一个小组委员会)，
如：A series of accidents has happened here. 这里发生过一系列事故。
9. Means作“方法、手段”讲时，单复数同形，其前面有each, every, neither, either,等单数a念的定语时，谓语动词用单数;若有all, both，these等复数概念的定语时谓语动词用复数。
“None of the means”作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。
如：There is/are no means of learning what is happening. 没法知道正在发生什么事。
No means is /are left untried. 没有没试过的方法了。
Every means is to an end. 每一种手段都能达到一种目的。
A bicycle is a means of transport. 自行车是一种交通手段。
All possible means have/Every possible means has been tried.所有的方法都试过了。
三、就近一致
1.当主语由either...... or. neither...... nor , not only ...... but(also) 或or连接时，谓语动词通常和最临近的那个主语一致。
例如：Either you or he is to do the work. 不是你就是他来做这件事。
Not only you but also Tom often comes late to class. 不光是你，汤姆上课也迟到。
Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.
孩子们和老师都不知道这件事。
2.当there be结构后面有并列主语时，谓语也和最临近的那个一致。
如：There is a dictionary and many books on the table.
桌子上有一本词典和许多本书。
There' re ten chairs and a table in the house.
屋子里有十把椅子和一张桌子。
Here is a pen, a few envelopes and same paper far you.
这儿有一支笔，几个信封和一些纸给你。
这种就近一致的情况在非正式文体中越来越普遍。但在下列情况不提倡模访。
如：Where is your mother and sisters?
你妈妈和你姐妹到哪儿去了?
Is your sister and her husband coming to see you?
你姐姐和姐夫要来看你吗?
One in ten are expected to take part in the contest.
预计每十个人就有一个要来参加这次比赛。
3.做主语的名词或代词后接with，together with，along with，as well as等短语时，谓语动词一般和前面名词或代词一致。这些短语前后可用可不用逗号。
如：A woman with a baby is coming to the hospital
一个妇女抱着个婴儿正向医院走来。
The girl, as well as the bays , has learned to drive a car.
这个姑娘和那些那孩子一样也学会了开汽车。
二、代词一致
代词一致是指句子中代词应在数、性、人称等方面彼此保持一致，
如：One must do one' s best to increase proction.
Everybody talked at the tap of his/their voice.
If anyone calls, tell him I' 11 be back in a moment. (him也可用him or her代替)
在写作中，如果表示不定的人，可以用you, we, one等，需要注意的是：同一篇文章中，只用同一个不定代词，而且所有格要与其一致。
三、肯定与否定一致
下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时，须作相应的变化:
肯定句 否定句
We've had some money. We haven't had any money.
I was talking to someone I wasn't talking to anyone.
They sometimes visit us. They rarely (never, seldom) visit us.
He has arrived already. He hasn't arrived yet.
Li is coming too. Li isn't coming either.
Both of us are going. Neither of us are going.
He likes both of them. He doesn't like either of them.
注意：“so/neither+助动词/情态动词+名词/代词”结构中须用倒装语序，
如：My wife likes classical music very much and so do.
She doesn' t like jazz and neither do.
㈢ 初三英语语法要点有哪些请详细点，谢谢！
展开全部
第1章
名词
中考预测
真题解析
语法脉络
考点精讲
考点1
可数名词的单数如何考查?
考点2
可数名词复数要注意哪些用法?
考点3
运用不可数名词要注意什么?
考点4
名词前如何加数量词?
考点5
名词所有格有哪些特别用法?
考点6
名词充当不同的句子成分时要注意什么?
考点7
易混名词辨析
考点专练
提高练习
综合测试
第2章
代词
中考预测
真题解析
语法脉络
考点精讲
考点1
如何判断人称代词的“格”与“性别”?
考点2
多个人称代词并列使用时,如何排列顺序?
考点3
代词it有哪些特殊用法?
考点4
如何区分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词?
考点5
反身代词有哪些固定词组?
考点6
指示代词有哪些特殊用法?
考点7
such和the
same如何用作指示代词?
考点8
如何区分wh0,whom,whose以及what和which?
考点9
区分几组不定代词
考点10
怎样运用复合不定代词?
考点11
如何运用关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which?
考点专练
提高练习
综合测试
第3章
数词
中考预测
真题解析
语法脉络
考点精讲
考点1
记忆基数词有什么规律?
考点2
记忆序数词有什么规律?
考点3
如何运用hundred,thousand,million,billion?
考点4
如何用英语表示分数?
考点6
序数词前什么时候不用the修饰?
考点7
如何表达时刻和日期?
考点8
“扎十岁”和“年代”怎么表达?
考点专练
提高练习
综合测试
第4章
冠词
中考预测
真题解析
语法脉络
考点精讲
考点1
a,an如何区分?
考点2
不定冠词a,an有哪些特殊用法?
考点3
如何区别a/an和one?
考点4
初中阶段有哪些含有a/an的固定词组?
考点5
定冠词the有哪些特殊用法?
考点6
初中阶段有哪些含有the的固定短语?
考点7
什么时候不用冠词?
考点8
初中阶段有哪些不加冠词的固定短语?
考点9
某些词组,用不用冠词,意思不同
考点10
冠词在句中处于什么位置?
考点11
如何用冠词表示类别?
考点专练
提高练习
综合测试
第5章
介词
中考预测
真题解析
语法脉络
考点精讲
考点1
如何用at,in,on表示时间?
考点2
如何使用till/until和by表示间?
考点3
since和for有什么区别?
考点4
表示一段时间的介词有哪些?
考点5
地点介词有什么用法?
考点6
表示范围的介词in,Oil,to如巾区别使用?
考点7
表示方式的介词有哪些?怎么使用?
考点8
in和after,of和t0,except和besides有什么区别?
考点9
初中阶段有哪些介词短语?
考点专练
提高练习
综合测试
第6章
形容词
中考预测
真题解析
语法脉络
考点精讲
考点1
形容词可作主语或宾语吗?
考点2
哪些形容词只能用作表语?哪些只能作定语?
考点3
在哪些情况下形容词作后置定语?
……
第7章
副词
第8章
连词
第9章
动词分类
第10章
情态动词及虚拟语气
第11章
动词时态及语态
第12章
非谓语动词
第13章
简单句
第14章
并列句和复合句
第15章
There
be
句型及直接引语
第16章
主谓一致
参考答案
后记
“不考语法的时代”如何学语法
㈣ 推荐一本专门讲小的英语语法点的书（中学生用）
不会来吧。初一就做中考自卷？未免太早了！因为初二初三的语法点也是很多阿。单单初一所掌握的足足不够的。就像要讲的宾语从句，单单这个内容就要几个月才可以全面的讲完。至于现在所学的初一内容是不够。
小的语法书我想很难，但是最好推荐的就是关于 语法知识点和平时的积累。
如有时间的话就研究看看《新概念英语》吧、
呵呵。
㈤ 速度求初三英语重点语法，讲解！！！
中考英语语法全部内容:第一讲：名词 1.名词的分类 2.名词的数 3.名词所有格 4.不可数名词的量化表达 5. 名词的语法功能 第二讲：冠词与数词 Ⅰ.冠词 1. 冠词的分类 2. 不定冠词用法 3. 定冠词用法 4. 不用冠词的况 5. 冠词对意义的影响 Ⅱ. 数词 1.数词的分类 2.基数词的构成 3.序数词的构成 4. 数词的其他形式 ① 分数 ② 小数 ③ 百分数 ④ 时刻的表达法 ⑤ 年月日的表达法 ⑥ 电话号码及编号 第三讲：代词 1.代词的分类 2. 代词详解 ① 人称代词 ② 物主代词 ③ 反身代词 ④ 相互代词 ⑤ 指示代词 ⑥ 不定代词 ⑦ 疑问代词 第四讲：形容词和副词 Ⅰ. 形容词 1.形容词的语法 2. 形容词的功能 3. 形容词作定语时的位置 4. 多个形容词修饰同一名词时的顺序 5. 形容词的级别 6. 形容词副词比较级的构成 7. 形容词/副词常见句型 8. 形容词最高级用法的几种特殊情况 Ⅱ. 副词 1. 副词的语法意义 2. 副词的构成 3. 副词的分类 4. 副词的位置 五讲：介词 1. 介词的语法意义 2. 介词详解 ① 表示时间的介词 ② 表示地点方位的介词 ③ 其他常考介词 ④ 常见易混介词辨析 ⑤ 含介词的固定搭配 第六讲：动词分类及基本用法 1. 动词的分类 2. 各类动词的基本用法 ① 实义动词/行为动词 ② 系动词 ③ 助动词 ④ 情态动词 第七讲：动词的时态和语态 Ⅰ.动词的时态 1. 一般现在时 2. 一般过去时 3. 一般将来时 4. 过去将来时 5. 现在进行时 6. 过去进行时 7. 现在完成时 8. 过去完成时 9. 现在完成进行时 Ⅱ.动词的语态 1. 被动语态的使用场合 2. 被动语态的基本结构 3. 被动语态使用时的注意事项 4. 常见主动表被动的用法 第八讲：中考常见动词及动词短语 第九讲：非谓语动词 Ⅰ.不定式 1.基本形式 2.基本用法 3.不定式作宾语之考点聚焦 4.不定式作宾补和主补之考点聚焦 5.不定式作定语之考点聚焦 6.不定式作状语之考点聚焦 7. 不定式的各种形式 8. 不定式的各种时态和语态 Ⅱ. 分词 1. 分词的分类 2. 分词的基本用法 3. 现在分词和过去分词的区别 Ⅲ. 动名词 1. 动名词的形式 2. 动名词的用法 3. 不定式和动名词作宾语时用法比较 第十讲：句子的种类 1. 英语句子成分 2. 句子种类： 按使用目的划分 ① 陈述句 ② 疑问句 ③ 祈使句 ④ 感叹句 第十一讲：简单句、并列句与复合句 Ⅰ. 简单句基本句型 Ⅱ. 并列句 1. 基本概念 2. 并列连词的种类 ① 表示并列关系的连词 ② 表示转折关系的连词 ③ 表示选择关系的连词 ④ 表示因果关系的连词 Ⅲ. 复合句 1. 基本概念 2. 宾语从句 3. 定语从句 4. 状语从句 第十二讲：主谓一致、倒装句与虚拟语气、直接引语和间接引语
㈥ 初三英语语法
呵呵 希望对你有所帮助 祝楼主进步哈 记得采纳O(∩_∩)O哈！
九年级英语复习---语法讲解（1-7单元）
Unit1
By是个很常用的介词（有时也用作副词），在初中英语中的用法有以下几种： 1.意为“在……旁”、“靠近”。如： Some are singing and dancing under a big tree . Some are drawing by the lake. 有的在大树下唱歌跳舞，有的在湖边画画儿。 2.意为“不迟于”、“到……时为止”。如： Your son will be all right by supper time. 你的儿子在晚饭前会好的。 How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? 到上个学期末你们已经学了多少首英语歌曲？ 3.表示方法、手段，可译作“靠”、“用”、“凭借”、“通过”、“乘坐”等。如： The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.
猴子用尾巴吊在树上哈哈大笑。 The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph.
孩子的父亲是那么的感激，于是他教爱迪生怎样通过铁路电报来传达信息。 4.表示“逐个”、“逐批”的意思。如： One by one they went past the table in the dark.
他们一个一个得在黑暗中经过这张桌子。5.表示“根据”、“按照”的意思。如：What time is it by your watch? 你的表几点了? 6.和take , hold等动词连用，说明接触身体的某一部分。如： I took him by the hand. 我拉住了它的手。 7.用于被动句中，表示行为主体，常译作“被”、“由”等。如： English is spoken by many people. 英语被许多人所说。（即“许多人讲英语。”） 8.组成其它短语。 1) by the way : 意为“顺便说”、“顺便问一下”，常做插入语。如： By the way , where’s Li Ping , do you know?
顺便问一下，李平在哪儿。你知道吗？ 2) by oneself : 意为“单独”、“自行”。如： I can’t leave her by herself. 我不能把她单独留下。 3) by and by : 意为“不久以后”、“不一会儿”。如： But by and by , more and more people began to study English. 但是不久以后，越来越多的人开始学英语了。
二、动名词的构成动词后加动名词doing，相当于名词，在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语定语等。1）★作主语（这种用法常考）
Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方与北方开战了。2）作宾语Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
请问你介意调小一点收音机的音量吗？3）作表语Babysister’s job is washing，cooking and taking care of the children。保姆的工作是洗衣服，作饭和照看孩子。
Unit2
used to 的用法：（1）肯定句：used这个词没有人称的变化，to后面接动词原形。
否定句是didn’t use to….
When I was a child, I didn’t use to like apples.当我还是孩子的时候我不喜欢苹果.
疑问形式是Did you use to…?Where did you use to live before you came here?当你来这儿之前你住哪儿？
（2）含有used to 的句子的反意疑问句不要usedn’t + 主语，而用didn’t ＋ 主语。He used to smoke, didn’t he? 他过去常常吸烟，是吗？Yes, he did./ No, he didn’t. 是的，他吸。/ 不，他不吸。
（3）used to 表示过去的习惯动作， 而不是现在的。I am used to the weather here. 我已经习惯于这里的天气了。He is used to hard work. 他习惯于艰苦的工作。
（4）used to 可以和be, have 以及其他状态动词连用，描写过去的状态。 I used to be a waiter, but now I’m a taxi-driver.我过去是一个服务员，但现在我是出租车司机。
★ 本单元的许多运用used to 的句子属于描述过去的状态。Mario used to be short.马力奥过去总是很矮。Amy used to be outgoing.爱米过去性格外向。Tina used to have long and straight hair.蒂娜过去有一头直的长头发。He used to wear black shoes. 他过去常穿黑鞋。
Unit3
本单元重点讲到了被动语态的用法英语动词的被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be有时态，人称和数的变化，其变化规则与连系动词be完全一样。
一、被动语态的句式变化： 以一般现在时和动词invite为例，列表说明被动语态的句式变化：
二、各种时态的被动语态结构总结如下： 被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不变。一般现在时的被动语态为：主＋am / is / are （not）＋过去分词一般过去时的被动语态为：主＋was / were ＋过去分词
例如：我们学过的was / were born 生于，就是一个被动语态.born是个过去分词（bear）－When were you born ? －I was born in 1989. 现在进行时被动语态的构成为: 主语＋is / am / are + being ＋过去分词
现在完成时被动语态的构成为: 主语＋have / has ＋been ＋过去分词
情态动词的被动语态: 情态动词＋be＋过去分词
一般将来时的被动语态: 主语＋will ＋be ＋过去分词
过去将来时的被动语态: 主语＋would / should + be ＋过去分词
过去进行时的被动语态: 主语＋was / were + being ＋过去分词
过去完成时的被动语态: 主语＋had + been +过去分词
三、被动语态的用法：（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，不用by＋动作执行者短语 Football is played widely all over the world. 全世界都广泛地踢足球。
（2）强调动作的承受者，这时应用by短语。The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午这家银行遭到抢劫。
（3）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA.
据报道美国大约二十名儿童死于流感。
四、主动语态的句子变为被动语态的方法是：（1）把原句中的宾语变为主语（2）动词改为被动形式，即be+过去分词（3）原来的主语，如果需要的话，放在by后面，如果没必要，可省略。请看下表:
主动语态 被动语态
They make trains in Zhuzhou． They use this key for locking the classroom door．Many people speak English．He wrote a letter．They are building a road． Trains are made in Zhuzhou．This key is used for locking the classroom door(by them)．English is spoken by many people．A letter was written by him．A road is being built (by them)．
Unit4
虚拟语气：如果我们所说的不是事实，也不是要求、命令、劝告等，而只是一种假设、愿望、建议或是一种实现不了的空想就用虚拟语气
注意：条件句分两种，真实条件句和虚拟条件句。只有在虚拟（非真实）条件句中，才用虚拟语气，而在真实条件句中，要用陈述语气。
请比较：
（1）If it is sunny tomorrow , we’ll go to the zoo.
如果明天天气好，我们将会去公园。在这句话中，明天天气好是完全有可能实现的，并非虚拟、幻想，因此是真实条件句。在本句中，适用“主将从现。”
（2）If I were you , I would go at once.
（如果我是你的话，我立刻就走。）在这句话中，条件句，“如果我是你”，但事实上，我不可能成为你，这只是假设的情况，没有实现的可能。当条件实现的可能性很小，甚至可以说没有时，就需要用虚拟语气来表示，动词发生了变化。
也就是说虚拟语气表示和现实的事实相反时，从句用一般过时。
主句用 “should/would/could/ might +动词原形。
1.If I had time, I would go for a walk.
2.If I were invited, I would go to the dinner party.
3.If I won a million dollars in the lottery, I would put it in the bank.
知识点2. He doesn’t know if he should bring a present.
此处if表示“是否”，引导宾语从句。Should此处表示“应该”。不是虚拟语气。
E.g.1. I don’t know if I should go to the party.
2.If I have enough money, I will go to Hainan .
知识点3.If I were you , I’d wear a shirt and tie.
if 引导的条件状语从句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气时，be动词只能用were，而不能用was。
E.g. If he were here, he would not agree with you .
知识点4. I don’t have a present. What if everyone else brings a present?
What if… “如果……怎么办？”相当于 what would happen if…
E.g. What shall I do if it snows?
知识点5.Well, dogs can be a lot of trouble.
Trouble 麻烦事 ,名词
常用搭配 ：get (sb)into trouble get out of trouble what’s the trouble
“if”引导的条件句。
Unit5
It must be--- (肯定是,100%)
It might/could be… (有可能,20-80%)
It can’t be… (肯定不是,0%)
程度 肯定句 否定句 疑问句
must ★ ★ ★ ★ √
may ★ ★ ★ √ √
might
/could ★ ★ √
√
√
√
can’t
can ★ √
√
1. --- Whose book is this?
--- It must be Mary’s. (肯定; 一定)
It must belong to Mary.
2. --- Whose French book is this?
--- It could be Ali’s. She studies French. (可能)
3. The hair band might belong to Linda.
might be Linda’s. (可能)
4. The T-shirt can’t be John’s. (不可能)
It’s much too small for him.
练习：1. --- Whose pen is this?
--- It ____ Liu Mei because I saw her use it the other day.
A. can’t be B. might be C. must belong to
2. That’s a piece of good news. They ___ glad to hear that.
A. can be B. might be C. must be D. can’t be
3. Mary ______ be in Paris. I saw her in town only a few minutes ago.
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. may not
Unit6
定语从句
1. who 指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）
The man who I talked with is our teacher.
A person who steals things is called a thief.
2. whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)
The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.
3. which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省)
These are the trees which were planted last year.
This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan.
Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?
Is this the library from which you borrow books?
4. that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）
A plane is a machine. It can fly.→A plane is a machine that can fly.
He is the man. I told you about him. →He is the man (that) I told you about.
The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.
↓
The scientist Ø we met yesterday is very famous in the world.
who
whom
that
The dress is new. She is wearing it.
↓
The dress that she is wearing is new.
which
Ø
(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him.
↓
He is the kind person that I have ever worked with.
who
whom
Ø
This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.
↓
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
Ø
在选择引导定语从句的关系代词时，有如下要点：
1 由于关系代词在主句与从句间既起到联系作用，又在从句中充当一个成分，因此， 要正确判断关系代词在从句中的功能，如作主语还是宾语等。
2 当先行词指人时，关系代词可用who（做主语，宾语），that（做主语，宾语），whom（作宾语），whose（作定语）
3 当先行词指物时，关系代词可用that（做主语，宾语），which（做主语，宾语）
4 再定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词长可省略，但在介词后面的关系代词不能省略。指人时，介词后只用whom，指物时，介词后只用which。
5 在非限制性定语从句中，指人时，只用who，指物时，只用which。
1．定语从句中that与who、which的区别
2．定语从句中关系词的省略
典型例题
1. The first job ________I found was to be a cleaner.
A. where B. why C. which D. that
解析：指事物的先行词前有序数词修饰时，只能用关系代词that。故本题的正确答案是D。
2. I don’t think history is as interesting as English.（改为同义词）
I think history is ___________ interesting _________ English.
解析：答案是：less; than。意思是“我认为历史不如英语有趣”。
3. The woman who is wearing the hat is my mother.（改为同义句）
The woman ________ the hat is my mother.
解析：读题后可知：上句含义是“戴帽子的那个妇女旭我的妈妈”，对应下句，可知空格处应填“戴”，故正确答案是in。
选择填空
1. The poor boy ________ lost both his parents last year is called Mike．
A．which B．what C．who D．／
2. The bridge ________ has been there for nearly fifty years still looks nice．
A．which B．what C．／ D．who
3. I’m one of the students _______well in English in my class．
A．who does B．who do C．which does D．who did
4. Is this factory ________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?
A．that B．where C．which D．the one
5. All______ they have done is good for us．
A．what B．which C．why D．that
Unit7
表达意愿的几个基本句子
a. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
b. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
c. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
d. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
答案：a. I hope to b. I’d like to c. I’d love to d. I want to
She would like to go to New York. （对划线部分提问）
答案：Where would she like to go?
注意：where在本句中为副词，go后面不能再加to，而Which city would she like to go to? 中which为代词。
九年级英语复习---语法讲解(Units8-15)
Unit8
1、短语动词小结
常见短语动词结构有下面几种：
1.动词+副词 如：give up 放弃 turn off 关掉 stay up 熬夜
这种结构有时相当于及物动词，如果其宾语是代词，就必须放在动词和副词之间，如果是名词，则既可插在动词和副词之间，也可放 在短语动词后。
2. 动词+介词 如：listen of 听 look at 看 belong to 属于
这种结构相当于及物动词，后面跟宾语。
3. 动词+副词+介词 如：come up with 提出，想出 run out of 用完，耗尽
4. 动词+名词(介词) 如：take part in参加 catch hold of 抓住
2、倒装句
not only … but (also) … 不但… 而且… 用来连接两个并列的成分
(1)引导以 not only …but (also)… 开头的句子往往引起部分倒装。
因此 ⑴Not only do I feel good but (also)…. 是倒装句。也是说得要
把前面的句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面。如：
①Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best. 我不仅能做到而且做得最好。
⑵Not only…but (also)… 接两主语时，谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化 也就是就近原则 如：
①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。
②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。
常见的就近原则的结构有：
Neither… nor…即不…也不… (两者都不)
Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜欢他。
Either… or… 不是…就是… (两者中的一个)
Either Lily or you are a student.
Not only …but (also)…
There be
㈦ 初三英文语法（要最详细的~）
初三语法讲义
一．动词（一）名词
名词分类：可数名词，不可数名词可数名词变复数
1． 在名词词尾加-s
girl, girls; table, tables; roof, roofs; school, schools
2.以o, s, sh, ch, x结尾的名词，加-es
tomato, tomatoes; class, classes; watch, watches; bush, bushes
3.以o结尾加-s
piano, pianos; photo, photos
4.以辅音字母加y结尾的，去掉y，加-ies
baby, babies; family, families; university, universities
5.以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s
toy, toys; monkey, monkeys; guy, guys
6.以f或者fe结尾的，去掉f, fe加-ves
wife, wives; life, lives; wolf, wolves; calf, calves
7. 改变形式的复数
man, men; child, children; foot, feet; mouse, mice; tooth, teeth
8.单数复数形式一样
fish, fish; sheep, sheep; deer, deer; swine, swine
9.特殊词汇的复数
looker-on, lookers-on; passer-by, passers-by
不可数名词没有数的概念
名词所有格
1．一般情况’s
2．表示时间、距离、城市、国家
today’s paper at arms’ length a mile’s journey
Beijing’s weather China’s economy
3．of表示所有格 4．双重所有格
a friend of mine a child of hers
（二）代词
人称代词 人称 单数 复数 主格 宾格
第一人称
I me we us
第二人称
you you you you
第三人称
he him
they them
she her
it it
物主代词
单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称
形容词性物主代词
My Your His Her Its Our Your Their
名词性物主代词
Mine Yours His Hers Its Ours Yours Theirs
反身代词人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数
myselfyourselfhimself herself itself
复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves
相互代词each other/one another
不定代词another/other/others
（三）数词
基数词
One two three four five six…..Hundreds of 正确数词+hundred 正确
Hundred of 错误数词+hundreds 错误数词+hundreds of 错误
序数词First second third fourth….
分数1/3 one third2/3 two thirds
（四）冠词不定冠词
例句用于可数名词单数形式前
usan is a scientist.Pass me an orange, please.
不特指某人或某物
A boy is looking for you.
We work five days a week.
表示“一”的数量，但没有one强烈
We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow.
I have a mouth, a nose, two eyes and two ears.
用于固定词组中
A few, a little, a lot of, a moment ago
定冠词
例句特指某人或者某物
Show me the photo of the boy.
双方都知道的事物或人
Where are the new books, Jim?
They are on the small table.
上文提过的人或物
Ji Wei lives on a farm. The farm is not big.
独一无二
The sun is bigger than the moon.
序数词和形容词最高级前
The first month of the year is January.
普通名词构成的专有名词前
The Great Wall
习惯用语
In the morning
On the left
零冠词
用法
例句
专有名词和不可数名词前
China
名词已经有定语this, that, my, your, some, any等
That letter is in her bag.
复数名词表示一类人或物
My father and mother are teachers.
星期、月份、季节、节日前
It is Sunday today.
称呼前
What colour are Mrs. Green’s shoes?
三餐和球类运动前
He went to school before breakfast this morning.
（五）介词
多数考察为固定搭配，需要死记硬背
（六）形容词与副词
规则变化
构成方法
原级
比较级
最高级
单音节和少数双音 节词
一般在词尾加-er/est
Cold
Strong
Fast
slow
Colder
Stronger
Faster
slower
Coldest
Strongest
Fastest
slowest
以字母e结尾的形容词，在词尾加-r/-st
Nice
large
Nicer
larger
Nicest
largest
重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母时双写辅音字母，加-er/-est
Big
Thin
hot
Bigger
Thinner
hotter
Biggest
Thinnest
hottest
以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词改y为i加-er/est
Easy
happy
Easier
happier
Easiest
happiest
部分双音节词
在词前面加more/most
Delicious
Interesting
Easily
Carefully
More Delicious
More Interesting
More Easily
More Carefully
Most Delicious
Most Interesting
Most Easily
Most Carefully
不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
Good/well
Bad/badly/ill
Many/much
Little
far
Better
Worse
more
Less
Father
further
Best
Worst
Most
Least
Farthest
furthest
形容词和副词比较级和最高级的用法
级
用法
例句
比较级
表示两者的比较
Mr. King is taller than Mr. Read.
最高级
表示三者或者三者以上的比较
Whose drawing is the best of all?
She is the youngest in the class.
同级比较
I think science is as important as maths.
It is not as(so) warm today as yesterday.
二．动词
（一） 时态
1．一般现在时
三单变形
情况
变化规则
例词
一般情况
加-s
come, comes; learn, learns
以o,s,x,ch,sh结尾的词
加-es
pass, passes; do, does
以辅音加y结尾的词
变y为i加-es
fly, flies; cry, cries
2.现在进行时
现在分词构成方法
情况及变化
例词
一般情况，在动词原形后加-ing
go, going; see, seeing
以不发音的e结尾的动词去掉e加-ing
take, taking; live, living
以重读闭音节结尾的词，如果词尾只有一个辅音字母，先把词尾的辅音字母双写，再加-ing
plan, planning; cut, cutting; forget, forgetting
以ie结尾的词变ie为y加-ing
die, dying; lie, lying; tie, tying
以ye和oe结尾的词，直接加-ing
eye, eyeing; dye, dyeing
3.一般将来时
shall
will
be going to
4一般过去时
规则动词过去构成
构成规则
原形
过去式
一般动词在尾加-ed
look
play
start
looked
played
stared
结尾是e的动词加-d
live
hope
use
lived
hoped
used
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，双写辅音字母，加-ed
stop
plan
trip
stopped
planned
tripped
结尾是辅音字母+y的动词，变y为i加-ed
study
carry
worry
studied
carried
worried
词尾 –ed的读音
读音
例词
浊辅音和元音后
/d/
called borrowed
moved enjoyed
welcomed answered
清辅音后
/t/
finished helped
passed cooked
在t, d后面
/id/
wanted shouted
needed counted
5．过去进行时
was/were+现在分词
6．现在完成时
have/has+过去分词
用法一：表示从过去发生一直到现在，特点：用延续动词，加段时间状语
用法二：表示过去发生的事情而不用一般过去时，特点：不用延续动词，不加段时间状语
构成
7．过去完成时
时间轴：
--------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------+---------------------------------à
A B C
过去的过去 过去 现在
（过去完成时态）
用法一：表示从过去发生一直到过去一时间，特点：用延续动词，加段时间状语
用法二：表示过去的过去发生的事情
8．过去将来时
不是考试的重点
（二） 被动语态
使用情况：不知道谁是主语
不强调主语
用来表示客观的表达
构成：助动词be+过去分词
有些动词主动语态中省略了不定式在变为被动语态时要讲TO补充出来（非谓语动词重点讲解）
（三） 情态动词
can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would)
dare/need
dare
肯定
否定
情态动词
dare do
dare not do
实意动词
dare/dares to do
do/does not dare to do
need
肯定
否定
情态动词
need do
need not do
实意动词
need / need s to do
do/does not need to do
may/can
may表示许可
can 表示自身能力
can/be able to区别
a) Can只有现在和过去两个时态，be able to可以是任何时态
b) Can 不强调结果一定成功，be able to暗示结果一定成功
must表示必须，否定用needn’t
mustn’t表示禁止
（四） 非谓语动词
1． 不定式to do
否定不定式为not to do
可以省略不定式to的词
let/make/have/see/hear/watch/notice/feel/look at/listen to
注意：在以上词出现在被动句中时要将to补充出来
2． 现在分词与过去分词
flying bird可以表达成the bird is flying.
broken arm可以表达成 the arm is broken
现在分词强调过程，过去分词强调结果
falling leaf/fallen leaf
boiling water/boiled water
3.动词后加动词的不同形式
(1)、加to doing
devote to doing/ get down to doing/ object to doing/ look forward to doing/ be used to doing
(2)、加to do
afford/agree/ask/attempt/choose/decide/hope/expect/intend/learn/manage/offer/plan/pretend/promise/refuse/wish
(3)、加doing
admit/appreciate/avoid/can’t help/stand/enjoy/escape/put off/risk/give up
(4)、加to do/doing都可以的但是意思有区别的
forget/remember/stop
(5)、加do/doing都可以但是意思有区别的
see/notice/hear
三．简单句
（一） 反意疑问句
反意疑问句
反意疑问句用来表示提问者有一定的主见，但是没有把握，希望对方来证实。
The weather here is very cold, isn’t it? Yes, it is.
You’re from Australia, aren’t you? yes, I am.
对反意疑问句回答，不管问题的提法如何，事实是肯定的就用肯定回答，否定的就要用否定的回答。
He isn’t going to the meeting, is he?
Yes, he is. 不，他要去的
No, he isn’t. 对，他不去
反意疑问句通常由一个陈述句和一个疑问句组成。当陈述句为肯定时，疑问句为否定；当陈述句为否定时，疑问句为肯定。但是以下几个要注意：
1. 陈述部分主语 I, 疑问部分要用aren’t I
I am as tall as your sister, aren’t I ?
2. 陈述部分谓语是wish, 疑问部分要用may+主语
I wish to have a word with you, may I ?
3. 陈述部分用no, nothing, nobody ,never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定。
The Swede made no answer, did he?
4.有ought to的，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn’t/oughtn’t+主语
He ought to know what to do, oughtn’t he?
5. 陈述部分有have to疑问部分用don’t+主语
we have to get there at eight tomorrow, don’t we?
6．陈述部分谓语是used to，疑问部分用didn’t+主语或者didn’t+主语
He used to take pictures there, didn’t he?
7．陈述部分有had better疑问句用hadn’t you?
You’d better read it by yourself, hadn’t you?
8.陈述部分有would rather疑问句用wouldn’t +主语
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn’t he?
9．陈述部分有．陈述部分有you’d like to疑问部分用wouldn’t+主语
You’d like to go with me, wouldn’t you?
10．感叹句中，疑问部分用谓语+主语
What colours, aren’t they?
what a smell, isn’t it?
11陈述部分由neither…nor, either…or疑问部分根据实际逻辑意义而定
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
12． 陈述部分主语是指示代词或者不定代词everything, that, nothing, this疑问部分主语it
Everything is ready, isn’t it?
13.陈述部分为主语从句，疑问部分要根据情况而定
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn’t he?
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
I don’t think he is bright, is he?
14陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等疑问部分常用复数they
Everyone knows the answer, don’t they?
15.省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you
don’t do that again, will you?
16.陈述部分是there be结构，疑问部分用there省略主语代词
There is something wrong with your watch, isn’t here?
17．否定前缀不能视为否定词
it is impossible, isn’t it?
18．Must表示推测时，根据其推测情况来确定
He must be there now, isn’t he?
（二）感叹句
How cold it is today!
What a good idea!
（三）祈使句
肯定类型
Be careful!
Come in, please.
Let me have a look.
否定类型
Don’t be lazy.
Don’t throw the ball like that.
Let him not go there./ Don’t let her go there
四．复合句
（一） 定语从句
We all like Old Fish that is handsome.
先行词 关系词
关系代词： which, who, whom, whose, that
关系副词：when, why, where
1．先行词指人，用who/whom
（1）who可以做主语、宾语、或者表语，但who之前不能有介词
（2）whom只能做宾语或者表语，但在all of/many of加先行词时后只能加whom
注意：who.whom做宾语可以省略
2．先行词为物，用which
（1）which可以代单词
（2）which可以代短语
（3）which可以代句子
3．that与which区别
（1）只能用that情况
先行词有人有物
先行词为 all, little, few, much, none, the first, etc
先行词为不定代词
先行词前修饰词为 any, only, every, no, some, much, few, little, the first, the best, the only, the on, the very, the right, the last
（2）只能用which情况
非限定性定语从句
关系词前有介词
4．whose表示所属关系
（1）whose后加名词
（2）可以代人可以代物
（3）先行词加whose加名词=先行词加名词 of which结构
介词+关系代词=关系副词
关系代词后加不完整句
关系副词/介词+关系代词后加完整句
主系表： 主系表都有， 完整句
主系表缺一个，不完整句
主谓宾：谓语动词为及物动词：主谓宾都有，完整句
主谓宾缺一个，不完整句
谓语动词为不及物动词： 主+动词+介词+宾语，完整句
主+动词，完整句
主+动词+介词，不完整句
（二） 状语从句
时间状语从句：when, before, after, while, since, as, till, as soon as, the moment….
地点状语从句: where, wherever
条件状语从句：if, unless, so long as, as long as, in case, if only, provided that….
原因状语从句：because, since, as, now that
结果状语从句：so, so that, so…that, such…that
让步状语从句：though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever
目的状语从句: that, so that, so, in order that, in case, for fear that, lest
比较状语从句：than, as…as, so…as
五．主谓一致
就近原则
or, nor, either or, neither nor, not only…but also
就前原则
as much as, rather than, more than, no less than, as well as, in addition to, with, along with, together with, except
集体名词的主谓一致
people, cattle, youth, police+复数谓语
machinery, equipment, furniture+单数谓语
audience, committee, crew, family, government, army, enemy, group, staff, team, couple, band+可单可复
时间、地点等数量概念的主谓一致
谓语用单数
Ten miles is a long way to go.
a of b结构中的主谓一致
按照A来确定谓语
a pair of trousers is enough.
Two pair of trousers are enough.
以S结尾的主谓一直问题：地理名词、群岛山脉等风景、学科名词
国家加单数谓语： the United States
地理名词，群岛山脉等风景加复数谓语： the West Indies, Himalayas, Straits of England
学科名词加单数谓语： politics, economics
六．习惯用语
七．固定搭配
八．介词搭配
（一） 介词＋名词
against one’s will
at a loss
at one time
at home
at the same time
at work
at night
beside the point
by chance
by the way
by the end of
by all means
for the time being
for the sake of
from beginning to end
from time to time
in the end
in surprise
in trouble
in the street
in English
in a word
in the meantime
in vain
in need
in half
in no time
in a low voice
in the least
in public
in life
in a minute
in the eyes of
in time
in sight of
in place of
in detail
in a hurry
in any case
in case
in charge of
in bed
in addition to
in the course of
in particular
in time of
in return
in spite of
in reply to
in memory of
in honour of
in fear of
influence on
off hand
on guard against
on the ground
on the radio
on the way
on the right
on purpose
on strike
on account of
on sale
on the air
on time
out of work
out of order
on behalf of
on watch
on the whole
on show
on day
out of sight
out of repair
out of place
out of practice
out of date
out of breath
over the radio
to this day
thousands of
on the one hand, on the other hand
（二）形容词＋介词
absent from
aware of
apart from
according to
anxious for
angry at
afraid of
busy with
careful of
cruel to
e to
different from
equal to
be familiar to sb
be familiar with sth
be famous for
far from
fond of
full of
fussy about
grateful for
good at
hard on
interested in
instead of
kind to
keen on
late for
opposite to
once for all
polite to
proude of
ready for
responsible for
short of
sorry for
strict with
thankful to
wrong with
（三）动词＋介词
act on
answer for
agree to
agree with
agree on
arrive at
aim at
ask after
ask for
borrow from
believe in
belong to
break into
beat down on
begin at
base on
consist of
congratulate on
come to an end
compare with
compare to
care for
change for
change from to
clear up
catch up with
come across
come into
call up
call for
catch hold of
call on
depend on
do away with
disagree with
die of
die from
die for
devote to
engaged in
end with
fit in with
fail in
find out
give up
get over
get on
get on
get in touch with
get ready for
get in
go in for
grow up
give in
give lessons to
get up
go on
go all out
go through
go over
go down
go on with
go without
hand in
have nothing to do with
have something to do with
have a look at
head for
help with
have a word with
have words with
hope for
introce to
be inspired by
insist on
interfere with
join in
keep on
knock at
keep up with
long for
look up to
look up
learn by heart
leave for
look for
lie in
live on
laugh at
look down upon
look forward to
look through
meet with
make up one’s mind
make friends with
make room for
owe to
operate on
pay attention to
play with
put up
put off
point out
put up with
prevent from
persist in
put into practice
run out of
reply to
recover from
rely on
rob of
run over
result from
result in
set an example to
set about
set out
succeed in
speak of
supply with
share in
share with
settle in
see through
send for
stand by
stand for
stop from
spend on
show around
talk about
tide over
turn against
turn into
turn to
think of
think about
take care of
take off
turn out
turn round
turn up
take part in
to begin with
wait for
watch out for
write to
wake up
watch over
（四）过去分词＋介词
be absorbed in
be burdened with
be connected with
be covered with
be crowded with
be dressed in
be engaged to
be equipped with
be experienced in
be filed with
be furnished with
be interested in
be joined to
be known as
be known for
be made into
be made up of
be married to
be pleased with
be prepared for
be regarded as
be satisfied with
be ashamed of
be tired of
be terrified at
（五）动词＋名词＋介词
apply ones’ mind to
catch sight of
do harm to
do wrong to
feel pity for
fix one’s eyes on
form the habit of
get a good hold of
give advice on
have none of
have trust in
have difficulty in
have trouble in
have effect on
have mercy on
have the honour of
keep a record of
make fun of
make best use of
make an apology
make one’s way to
make preparations for
make a mistake about
pass a judgment on
set fire to
put one’s heart and soul into
shake hands with
take aim at
take the side of
throw light on
take pride in
take delight in
take a message for
（六）动词＋副词＋介词
add up to
break away from
be up to
cut down on
come up to
do well in
drop in on
face up to
fit in with
fall back on
get though with
get down to
get along with
go out of
go on with
go back on
go out of
go in for
grow out of
go ahead with
keep away from
keep up with
live up to
make up for
make up with
make out of
think highly of
watch out for
work hard at
（七）动词＋介词＋名词
arrive at a conclusion
burst into pieces
burst into tears
burst into laughter
come to the rescue
come into use
come into power
come into effect
come into light
come to a conclusion
get in a word
set to work take on a new look
㈧ 初三年级应该掌握的英语语法
1、被动语态
2、定语从句
3、状语从句
4、直接引语与间接引语
5、宾语从句