有关英语省略的语法知识

Ⅰ 英语省略句的几种形式

省略句
一. 概念
英语中,为了避免重复,常常省略句子中的一个或几个成分,这样的句子叫省略句
二.相关知识点精讲
1. 简单句中的省略：
在对话中，交谈双方都知道谈论的对象，则可以省略句子的主语，省略主语和谓语的现象在交际用语中出现的很多。
（1）Looks like rain.
（2）Hope to hear from you soon.
（3）Sounds like a good idea.
（4）Beg your pardon.
2. 并列句中的省略：
在并列句中，相同的成分如主语，谓语，宾语等都可以省略：
（1）They learn French and we English.
（2）My father planned and built all these houses.
（3）John won the first race and Jimmy the second.
3. 复合句中的省略：
定语从句：
（1）That’s the reason he is late for the conference.
（2）I don’t like the way he talks.
状语从句：
（1）If heated, water will boil.
（2）Tom was attacked by cramp while swimming across the river.
宾语从句：如果宾语从句中的谓语部分与主句的谓语部分或上文的谓语部分相同，可将从句部分的谓语省略。
（1）We will do what we can（do）to help you.
动词不定式的省略：在动词不定式结构中，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式结构中的动词原形，只保留to。
（1）—Would you like to go with us ?
—I’m glad to, but I have to finish my homework.
（2）Don’t tell me the name of the sailor if you don’t want to.
在used to, ought to, have to, would like/love to, wish to, be going to等结构中，常常省略to后面的动词原形。
（1）They do not visit their parents as much as they ought to.
（2）He doesn’t get up early as he used to.
Tell , warn , order , advise , ask等动词的宾语后面接动词不定式做宾语补足语时，可以省略to后面的动词原形。
（1）He wanted to swim across the river but I warned him not to.
（2）The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to.

Ⅱ 高中英语语法省略句怎么讲解

省略句其实不用作为一项专题来讲解，
因为在英语中省略无处不在，在讲到具体的回语法点时，比答如讲到时间状语从句时，带着讲一下时间状语从句的省略就行了。
也就是只能在具体的语法点里，如果有省略的用法就带着讲一下，等语法点讲的差不多了，省略的用法也就基本上都带到了，这时再来简单总结一下即可，毕竟省略不是重点。

Ⅲ 英语省略的知识点

高中英语省略句
为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象，称为省略（ellipsis）
种类
例句
说明
主语的省略
Beautiful day (= It is a beautiful day), isn’t it?
Pity we live so far from the sea. (It is a pity we live so far from the sea.)
有时也可省略整个句子的主语和谓语，只保留次要成分。
She was poor but (she was) honest.
--Did you know anything about the accident?
--Not until you told me. (= I didn’t know anything about it until you told me.)
谓语的省略
--what do you think made Mary so upset?
--Losing her new bicycle (made Mary so upset).
状语从句的省略
Seen from the plane (when it is seen from the plane), the house looks like tiny toys.
If (it is) possible, I’ll go there with you.
注意状语从句中的主语同主句主语的一致性。
不定式的省略
The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to. (not to ride his bicycle in the street.)
--Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?
--I was going to (come yesterday), but I had an unexpected visitor.
若不定式后面是完成时，省略时应保留have；不定式后含有动词be的结构时，也要保留be动词。
--Did you tell him the news?
--I ought to have (told him the news), but I didn’t know how to speak.
--Are you an engineer?
--No, but I want to be.

Ⅰ、状语从句中的省略用法

一、 如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式（am/is/are/was/were），可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。
1、 when，while引导的时间状语从句
e.g. Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street.
When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her.
2、 if，unless，once引导的条件状语从句
e.g. If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment.
I’ll not go to the party unless (I am) invited.
Once (you are) caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be punished.
3、 though，although，whether，no matter whether/what/how/who等引导的让步状语从句
e.g. He was happy, though/although (he was) poor.
Whether (she is) sick or well, she is always cheerful.
No matter how/However hard the task (is), we must fulfill it in time.（注：从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时，只省略从句中的be动词形式）
4、 as if，as though引导的方式状语从句
e.g. He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was) waking up after a long sleep.
He stood up as if/though (he wanted) to leave.（as if/though + to do表示一个将来的动作）

二、 than，as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法：当不同的主语进行比较时，一般省略从句中的谓语；当从句中的主语与谓语（be动词除外）和主句中的主语与谓语相同时，通常省略从句中的主语和谓语，只保留比较部分。
e.g. He is taller than his brother (is).
I have as much as confidence in you as (I have confidence) in him.

三、 以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了it is，that is，there is/are。
e.g. If (it is) possible/necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt.
If (that is) so, I will call you back at 5:00 pm.
There are only a few books in our school library, if (there are) any.

Ⅱ、定语从句中的省略用法

关系词的省略 关系代词that，which，whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时，可以省略；in which或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。
e.g. The man (that/who/whom) you visited last night is my grandpa.
I don’t like the way (in which/that) you treat the girl.

Ⅲ、虚拟语气中if及should的省略

1、 当条件状语从句中有were，had，should等时省略if，把它们提至句首，形成倒装句。
e.g. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
= Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
2、 Suggest，insist，order，require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的从句中，谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。
e.g. The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight.

Ⅳ、不定式符号to的省略

1、 感官动词see，hear，feel，watch等和使役动词have，make，let等后接不定式作宾语时，不定式省略to。(一感feel,二听hear, listen to, 三让have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch)
2、 do nothing but，can’t help but等结构常接省略to的不定式。
E.g. We didn’t do anything but stay at home watching TV yesterday.
Hearing the news, she couldn’t help but cry.
3、 在特定语境中为了避免重复，当不定式再次出现时，在want，wish，hope，try，plan，like，love，hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be，have时，也保留be和have。
E.g. My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didn’t want to.

Ⅴ、So和not的替代性省略

用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。可与believe，do，expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，I’m afraid等连用
e.g. – Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting? – I suppose not.

Ⅵ、日常交际中的省略

在情景会话中，答语常常省略不会引起歧义的主语、谓语或宾语部分，而只保留对方希望了解的内容。在复合句或并列句中，也有省略主、谓、宾的情况。
e.g. – How many copies do you want? -- (I want) Three copies, please.
-- Have you ever been to the Great Wall? -- No, (I have) never (been to the Great Wall).

Ⅳ 关于英语语法的问题: 省略句的语法，举几个例子。

状语从句的省抄略：主句主语和从句主语一致且从句谓语动词含有动词BE省略从句的主语和BE。
When( I was) in Japan, I took many beautiful pictures.
I won't go unless (I am) invited.

Ⅳ 省略的英语语法

“省略”来
⒈omit; to abridge; to abbreviate; to leave out
⒉[Grammar] ellipsis; abbreviation
为了使语言简自洁或避免重复，省略句中的一个或几个句子成分，这种语法现象称为省略。
被省略的部分
1 主语
例句： 1 Beg your pardon.
2 (It)Sounds like a good idea.
2谓语或谓语的一部分
例句： 1(Is there)Anything I can do for you?
2(Is) Anybody here?
3宾语
例句： A:Where is Tom now?
B:I don't know (where Tom is now).
4不定式to后省略动词
例句： 1 A:Would you like to come to the party?
B:I'd love to(come to the party.)
2 They do not visit their parents as much as they ought to (visit their parents).

Ⅵ 关于英语语法的问题:省略句的语法,举几个例子.

状语从句的省略：主句主语和从句主语一致且从句谓语动词含有动词回BE省略从句的主语答和BE.
When( I was) in Japan,I took many beautiful pictures.
I won't go unless (I am) invited.

Ⅶ 在英语中省略的用法

省略句（elliptical sentences）
定义：省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。按照语法的分析，句子应该具备的成分，有时出于修辞上的需要，为了避免重复、突出新信息使上下文紧密连接的修辞手段。
省略的部分：单词、短语、分句，都可以省略，而且各有一定的衔接关系，不容臆断
一、哪些部分可以省略
（一）省略单词 1、省略介词
He spent four hours (in) going over his lessons. 他花了四个小时复习功课。 I ' ve studied Eng1ish (for) five years. 我已学五年英语了。 2、省略连词
I believe (that) you will succeed ． 我相信你们会成功的。 It ' s a pity (that) he ' s leaving. 他要走，真遗憾。 I ' m sure (that) she will help you. 我肯定她会帮你的。 3、省略关系代词
I ' ll give you all (that) I have. 我要把我所有的一切都给你。 He read the book (which) I got yesterday. 他看过我昨天买的书了。 二、省略句子成分
1、省略主语
Beg your pardon. （我）请你原谅。（ Beg 前省略了主语 I ） Take care! 当心！（ Take 前省略了主语 you ） Looks as if it will rain. 看起来象要下雨。（ Looks 前省略了主语 it ） 2、省略谓语
Who next? 该谁了？（ Who 后面省略了谓语 comes ）
The river was deep and the ice thin. （ ice 后面省略了 was ） We ' ll do the best we can. 我们将尽力而为。（ can 后面省略了动词 do ）
3、省略表语
Are you ready? Yes, I am. 你准备好了吗？ 我准备好了。（ am 后面省略了 ready ） He was a lover of sports as he had been in his youth. 他还是象年轻时那样，是一位运动爱好者。（ had been 后面省略了 a lover of sports ） 4、省略宾语
Let ' s do the dishes. I ' ll wash and you ' ll dry. 让我们洗碗吧，我来洗，你来揩干。（ wash 和 dry 后面省略了宾语 dishes ）
5、省略定语
He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved. 那钱他花了部分，其余的他都存了起来。（ the rest 后面省略了定语 of the money ）
6、省略状语
He was not hurt. Strange! 他没有受伤，真奇怪！（ Strange 前面省略了状语 how ）
二、什么句式中可以省略
1. 简单句中的省略： 在对话中，交谈双方都知道谈论的对象，则可以省略句子的主语，省略主语和谓语的现象在交际用语中出现的很多。 如省略it 和 主语 I （1）Looks like rain. （it）
（2）Hope to hear from you soon. (I)
（3）Sounds like a good idea.
2. 并列句中的省略：在并列句中，相同的成分如主语，谓语，宾语等都可以省略： （1）They learn French and we English.
（2）My father planned and built all these houses. （3）John won the first race and Jimmy the second.
3. 复合句中的省略： 定语从句：（1）That’s the reason he is late for the conference.
状语从句：（1）If heated, water will boil. （2）Tom was attacked by cramp while swimming across the river. 宾语从句：如果宾语从句中的谓语部分与主句的谓语部分或上文的谓语部分相同，可将从句部分的谓语省略。
（1）We will do what we can（do）to help you.
（2）—Is Mr. King in his office? —Sorry, I don’t know（whether he is in his office or not）.
4. 动词不定式的省略：在动词不定式结构中，为避免重复，常常省略不定式结构中的动词原形，只保留to。 （1）—Would you like to go with us ? —I’m glad to*, but I have to finish my homework.
在used to, ought to, have to, would like/love to, wish to, be going to等结构中，常常省略to后面的动词原形。 （1）They do not visit their parents as much as they ought to* （2）He doesn’t get up early as he used to*. （3）I’ll hand it in if I have to*.
（4）—Would you like to come tonight ? —I’d love to.
Tell , warn , order , advise , ask等动词的宾语后接动词不定式做宾语补足语时，可以省略to后的动词原形。 （1）He wanted to swim across the river but I warned him not to.
（2）The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to.
三、特殊用法 一、原文“空缺”，译文“增补”
两个主语不同的句子，谓语有相同部分，也有不同部分，如果用连词连接起来进行对比，则其相同部分在后面分句中可以省略，这样，后面分句中就出现“空缺”现象。“空缺”处通常被省略的是动词，或动词及其宾语、补足语等。汉译时不妨采用“补齐”的方法。
例如：A sound must be heard，a colour seen，a flavour tasted，an odour inhaled．，颜色必须目视，滋味必须口尝，气味必须鼻吸。（后三句省略 must be） Histories make men wise；mathematic logic and rhetoric able to contend．；数学使人精细；逻辑和修辞使人善辩。（原文后两句省略make men） 二、英语状语从句中的省略部分可不译
than引出的比较从句中，套有when引导的时间从句或if引导的条件从句，而且该比较从句中的省略部分与整个句子的主要结构一致时则比较从句的省略部分可省略不译。例如：
My uncle is better than when I wrote to我伯父的身体比我上次给你去信时好些了（．．．than后面省略了he was） 三、对英语中一些特殊省略结构译法需灵活，指的是按正常语法规则分析，有的无法增补，有的要用不同的方式来增补，使之成为完全句。因此，汉译英时，视上下文加以灵活处理。
1．“宾语＋主语＋谓语„„and ＋谓语”结构
其中and连接的，是用作不同成分的同一个词，这个词既是第一分句的宾语，又是第二分句的主语。此结构的特点是，把宾语提到句首，使之兼任后一分句的主语，达到简化句子结构的目的。汉译时，可仍先译宾语，不必改变原文的语序。例如：
This substance we call water，and come next only to oxygen．这种物质称为水，其重要性仅次于氧。（＝We call this substance water，and this substance comes next only to oxygen．） 2．以“Hence ＋名词”开头的结构
hence是表示结果意义的连接副词，hence前面的句子表示原因，hence后面则省略了类似 come的动词。它是倒装句。例如：
Hence（comes）this instruction of the experiment因此，有这本实验说明书。 3．某些常用词组引导的省略疑问句，通常不需要写出其省略部分。例如： How（is it）about the result？结果怎么样呢？
4．由习语组成的省略结构 So much is for the foundry processes．工艺过程的内容就是这些。（＝Enough has been said or done about．．．；That is all we'll say about...） Now for the sound-wave method．现在谈谈风波方法。（＝And we will now talk about．．．） The grinding machine you operate must be oiled，and that at once．油，而且要马上上油。（and that是个加强语气的省略结构。that是指示代词，代替上文的全部，与and连用表示强调，后接状语。＝andmustbeoiledat可译为“而且”。）
四、介词（短语）的“无胜于有”
英语介词（短语）应用之频繁，简直到了“不可稍离”的地步。它是功能词中最积极、最活跃之一。但有时，为了用词简洁精练，在上下文意境清楚的前提下，介词常常省略。译文中也要采取相应的简洁表达手法。
1． 动名词-ing前，有时省略介词。
Most people just ruin scissors by）trying to sharpen them．大多数人想把剪刀磨快，结果却磨坏了。 2． 在含有way，height，length，size，shape， ckness等惯用语前，有时省略介词。 Try to keep your letters on）this side of 500 words．写信请勿超过五百字。
3． 在以next，this，one，every，each，some，等开头的时间状语前，有时省略介词。 Nine days（from）now will be May Day．起再过九天，便是五一节。
4． 在“noun ＋participle”，“noun ＋and all”结构中，有时省略介词“with”。 He jumped into the water， (with his）clothes and all．他和着衣服跳进水里。 5． 某些动词、名词、形容词习惯搭配中的介词（短语），在以what，when，how，whether，that出的从句
或不定式短语之前，有时被省略。例如： I am not informed（as to）whether he went，why from．我没听说他是否去了，为什么去，什么时候去，来自何地方。（省略与informed搭配的介词as to。） They are tempered to be careless (of）how they spend their time，because they imagine they have so much of it．对于如何支配时间，他们总是漫不经心，因为他们认为时间多的是。（省略与形容词careless搭配的介词of。）