⑴ 初三上册英语语法总结(仁爱版)
1.by making flashcards 2. ask sb.for help 3. read aloud 4.that way = in that way 5. improve my speaking skills 6.for example
7. have fun doing sth.
8.have conversations with friends 9.get excited about 10.end up speaking in Chinese 11. do a survey about 12. keep an English notebook / take notes
13.spoken English=oral English 14.make mistakes 15.get the pronunciation right 16.practise speaking English 17.first of all 18. begin with 19.later on 20.in class 21.laugh at 22.take notes 23.enjoy doing 24.write down 25.look( it )up in a dictionary 26.native speakers 27.make up 28.around the world 29.deal with sb.
30.worry about = be worried about 31.be angry with sb. 32.stay angry 33.go by 34.regard…… 35.complain about/of 36.change …into…=turn…into…
37.with the help of… / with one’s help
38.compare…to( with )
39.think of / think about
40.physical problems
41.break off 42.not…at all
43.have trouble ( in ) doing sth
44.with my bedroom light on
45. practise doing 46. watch sb. do sth. 47. the best way to do sth. 48. join the English club
49. memorize the words of pop songs 50. in grammar / in original sentences
51. write ( it ) down
⑵ 九年级上册英语 语法总结
spend,cost,,pay,take:spend on sth;spend in dong;sth cost ab money
注意:cost的三种形式都是cost;It take ab+时间+to do;pay ab money for
区分the other,another,other, others,the others the other:两者范围内特指另一个;another:三者或三者以上的人或事物中任意的另一个;other:后接复数名词,意为其他的;others:others=other+复数名词,可用some any all修饰
Have to意为不得不 very意可为真正的 stay意为保持某种状态,可与keep互换
Besides意为除...之外(还有) except意为除...以外(不包括在内)
Instead放在句末 instead of后面为ing形式
In...way以什么方式 some...some....others意为一些...一些...另一些....
Make ab do-使某人做某事 make ab adj-使某人怎样 make ab n-使某人成为
Lead/have/live a......adj+life
可以修饰比较级的词:far,much,even,still,a lot,a little
Used to do-过去常常做某事 be used to doing-习惯做某事
Regard as后面可接名词和形容词
By accident-偶然地,小心地 by mistake 错误地
英语里常用“数字-名词”或“数字-名词 形容词” ps:一个七岁的男孩:7-year-old boy
Miss doing-错过做某事 miss还有“想念”的意思
Be upset(about)对...感到不安
Express-表达 词组:express one's feelings-表达某人感情;express one's thought-表达某人想法;express one's idea-表达某人主意
Go on可以为“事件发生”ps:It seem that the player will go on好像戏剧要开始了;go on doing sth-继续做某事(不停地做某一件事);go on with sth-继续做某事(停下来之后继续做某件事);go on to do sth-继续做某事(做完一件事,继续做另一件事)
Keep on doing-一直做某事;keep sb doing-使某人一直做某事;keep sth+adj使某人保持某种状态
adj enough not to do-足够...不去做 not adj enough to do-不足够...去做
Advice-忠告(不可数名词)词组:a piece of advice-一条意见;ask for one's advice about-征求某人对...的忠告;against one's advice about-违背某人忠告;by doctor's advice-遵照医嘱;some advice about-一些关于...的劝告
Suggestion-意见,建议;词组:adopt a suggestion-采纳建议;by one's suggestion-根据某人建议。Suggestion的动词形式是suggest,用法:suggest doing。Opinion与suggestion相似,但不如suggestion正是,比advice客气,词组:in one's opinion
Plenty of-很多,可修饰可数或不可数名词,多用于肯定句中;a number of-许多,相当于many,修饰可数名词,注意:the number of-...的数量;an amount of-大量的,多用于不可数名词,amount前可用large,small等修饰程度;a lot of/lots of-很多,可用于修饰可数或不可数名词
So that-以便,为了;so...that...-如此...以至于
Focus on-致力于... Aim to do-目的在于做... Apply for-申请 in the case of-...的情形下
Further和farther都是far的比较级,farther表示具体距离的远近,further表示抽象概念
LAST:The last-最后 at last-终于 last day-上一天 last for-持续;final-最终的决胜的;决赛,最终考试;at last=finally
Hurt用于有生命的东西;damage用于无生命的东西对其价值和功能的损坏,破坏程度较小;injure与hurt相近,只是更正式,用于天灾或事故中;destroy很粗鲁的手段使之毁灭,很难修复
Good:人品好,质量好,向别人问好;well:身体好,或作副词;nice:带有感情色彩,外观好,待人感情好;excellent-极好的,语气最强
Be busy doing=be busy with=忙于做某事
Beneath-在..之下(紧贴之下) under-在...下方(垂直向下) over-在...上方(垂直向上) below-在...之下(位置低于),可用于表示数目低于,其反义词为above
Until-直到...为止;not...until-直到...才
Although=though=虽然,尽管;although较为正式,用于句首;though更通俗常用;只要用了although或though就不能用but,and,or等连词
Such as-例如,后面接单词或词组;for example常用逗号分开,后面常根句子
Be(后省略)concerned about-关心;difficult to和...不同;be proud of为...自豪
curious about认真;free for免费;afraid of害怕;serious about严肃;
unaware of没注意;strict with严格;responsible for...的责任;useful for对...有用; equal to对...公平;famous for对...出名;aware of直到;grateful to对...感激;careful of小心;tired of对..感到疲累
with、in都是介词,in用于衣服的颜色;with多指穿“戴眼镜,帽子”,或是衣服上的装饰;put on-穿上、戴上,强调动作;wear强调穿着的状态;dress意为“给某人穿衣服”
Join表示加入党派,社会团体,表示成为其中一员;join in表示参加某项正在进行的活动,词组:join in sth /join sb in doing-参加某人的活动;take part in参加运动会、会议或工作,参加群众性活动起一份作用;attend参加会议,主要以观众或听众的身份写
Family-家庭成员 house-房屋 home-家乡 room-房间
One可以做不定代词,代替前面提过的人或物(单数),如果是复数则是ones
Present-上演、演出,作形容词时意为“在场的、目前的”,作名词时意为“目前,礼物”
Find out-发现、查出,可指找到无形的东西;find-找到,通常指寻找的结果,有偶然发现的意思
In trouble-遇到麻烦;in pain-疼痛;in love-在恋爱中。In意为“在某种状态中”
Listen to-听某人做某事(做完) listen doing-听某人正在做某事。有类似用法的单词有:see,watch,hear,find
In fact=as a matter of fact-事实上 pay(no)attention to-(不)注意
So和such都有“如此,这样”的意思,so修饰副词和形容词,such修饰名词,注意:如果名词前有many,much,few,little时只能用so;修饰单数可数名词时,可以用so或such,但so句式“so+形容词+a/an+单数名词”,such则是“such+a/an+形容词+单数名词”
⑶ 初三上册英语语法和重点短语归纳!!
Section A:
1.by working with friends
通过和朋友一起学习
2.make flashcards
制作抽认卡
make vocabulary lists
制作词汇表
make mistakes
犯错误
make up(a conversation)
编造,组成(会话)
3. ask the teacher for help
向老师寻求帮助
ask sb. about sth.
询问某人关于某事
ask sb. to do sth
请求某人做某事
4. listen to tapes
听录音
5. work/study with a group
和小组成员一起学习
6 learn a lot (in) that way
以那种方式学到很多
7. improve ones speaking skill
提高某人的口语技能
8. too…to…
太„„而不能
9. read aloud
朗读
10. practice conversations with friends
和朋友一起练习会话
practice speaking English 练习说英语
11. Wei Ming feels differently.
卫明有不同的感受
12. watch sb. do sth.
看见某人做某事(全过程动作已结束)
watch sb. doing sth
看见某人正在做某事(片断,正在进行)
.
13. join an English club
加入英语俱乐部
14. not… at all = not … in the slightest
一点也不,根本不
15. end up doing sth. =finish doing
终止做某事
end up speaking in Chinese 以说汉语结束对话
16. get excited about…
对„„变得兴奋起来
17. do a survey about…
做有关„„的调查
Section B:
18. spoken English
英语口语
written English
书面英语
19. make mistakes 犯错
mistake…for…
把„„误当做„„
by mistake
错误地
20. get the pronunciation right
使发音正确
21. have a partner to practice English with
找一个练习英语的搭档
22. get/do much writing practice
多做写作训练
23. first of all
首先
24. begin with
以„„开始
end up with sth.
以„„结束
25. later on
以后,随后
26. It doesnt matter
没关系
27. be afraid to do sth.
害怕做某事
be afraid of sth.
害怕某事
28. in class
在课堂上
29. laugh at sb.
嘲笑某人
30. make complete sentences
造完整的句子
31. help a little/a lot 有一点/很大帮助
32. My teacher is very impressed.
给老师留下了深刻的印象
⑷ 初三英语语法总结
1.不定代词(some any,all both,either neither,no none,each every,many much,few little的区别与联系)
A复合不定代词12个
Bsome any的用法
2.时态
A一般现在、过去、将来时
B现在、过去完成时
C过去、现在、将来进行时
D现在完成进行时
3.宾语从句(3种)
4.定语从句(以that为主)
5.构词法,主要词缀(un dis bi ab inter tele re ful tion less ese y ing ed ly able al等)
6.主要缩写
7.形容词与副词的比较级,最高级
A特殊变化与一般变化
B用法
8.动词的种类
行为、情态、联系、助动词
9.句子的成分
主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语
10.简单句5大基本句型(顺便掌握及物与不及物动词的区别)
11.动词不定式
A基本结构(to+动词原型,否定式为not to+动词原型)
B用法
C疑问词+不定式
12.被动语态
A主动与被动的概念
B构成
C情态动词被动语态
13.虚拟语气(以“现在不可能发生”为主)
结构为If+主+V-ed,主+would do。
注意从句里面be用were
14.双宾语
15.情态动词
caN could,should,would,would like,might may,have to must,need
特别注意掌握情态动词表推测
16.直接引语,间接引语
注意指示代词、时间与地点词、动词转换的情况
注意不转换的情况
注意主从一致
17.状语从句(特别是IF ,WHEN和UNTIL)
注意主句一般将来时,从句用一般现在表将来。
18.名词
A专有名词与普通名词
B可数与不可数
C可数名词单数与复数
D所有格
19.代词
A人称代词
B物主代词
C指示代词
20.数词
A基数词
B序数词
21.动词缩略形式
22.介词
A时间介词
B地点介词
C其他
23.冠词
24.分词
A现在与过去分词
B现在分词做主语等
C分词做定语
25.倒装
A so+动词+主语
B部分倒装
26.特殊
A季节,星期,月份,年份读法
B报时
C动词+介词,动词+副词的各种特殊意义
D其他(如7大洲,4大洋,扑克花色,电影.音乐的类型,国家与首都等)
我也是找网上找的不知道能不能帮到你、、、凑活着看吧、、(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……
⑸ 人教版初三英语上册语法重点,主要是时态。。
Unit1
By是个很常用的介词(有时也用作副词),在初中英语中的用法有以下几种: 1.意为“在……旁”、“靠近”。如: Some are singing and dancing under a big tree . Some are drawing by the lake. 有的在大树下唱歌跳舞,有的在湖边画画儿。 2.意为“不迟于”、“到……时为止”。如: Your son will be all right by supper time. 你的儿子在晚饭前会好的。 How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? 到上个学期末你们已经学了多少首英语歌曲? 3.表示方法、手段,可译作“靠”、“用”、“凭借”、“通过”、“乘坐”等。如: The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.
猴子用尾巴吊在树上哈哈大笑。 The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph.
孩子的父亲是那么的感激,于是他教爱迪生怎样通过铁路电报来传达信息。 4.表示“逐个”、“逐批”的意思。如: One by one they went past the table in the dark.
他们一个一个得在黑暗中经过这张桌子。5.表示“根据”、“按照”的意思。如:What time is it by your watch? 你的表几点了? 6.和take , hold等动词连用,说明接触身体的某一部分。如: I took him by the hand. 我拉住了它的手。 7.用于被动句中,表示行为主体,常译作“被”、“由”等。如: English is spoken by many people. 英语被许多人所说。(即“许多人讲英语。”) 8.组成其它短语。 1) by the way : 意为“顺便说”、“顺便问一下”,常做插入语。如: By the way , where’s Li Ping , do you know?
顺便问一下,李平在哪儿。你知道吗? 2) by oneself : 意为“单独”、“自行”。如: I can’t leave her by herself. 我不能把她单独留下。 3) by and by : 意为“不久以后”、“不一会儿”。如: But by and by , more and more people began to study English. 但是不久以后,越来越多的人开始学英语了。
二、动名词的构成动词后加动名词doing,相当于名词,在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语定语等。1)★作主语(这种用法常考)
Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方与北方开战了。2)作宾语Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
请问你介意调小一点收音机的音量吗?3)作表语Babysister’s job is washing,cooking and taking care of the children。保姆的工作是洗衣服,作饭和照看孩子。
Unit2
used to 的用法:(1)肯定句:used这个词没有人称的变化,to后面接动词原形。
否定句是didn’t use to….
When I was a child, I didn’t use to like apples.当我还是孩子的时候我不喜欢苹果.
疑问形式是Did you use to…?Where did you use to live before you came here?当你来这儿之前你住哪儿?
(2)含有used to 的句子的反意疑问句不要usedn’t + 主语,而用didn’t + 主语。He used to smoke, didn’t he? 他过去常常吸烟,是吗?Yes, he did./ No, he didn’t. 是的,他吸。/ 不,他不吸。
(3)used to 表示过去的习惯动作, 而不是现在的。I am used to the weather here. 我已经习惯于这里的天气了。He is used to hard work. 他习惯于艰苦的工作。
(4)used to 可以和be, have 以及其他状态动词连用,描写过去的状态。 I used to be a waiter, but now I’m a taxi-driver.我过去是一个服务员,但现在我是出租车司机。
★ 本单元的许多运用used to 的句子属于描述过去的状态。Mario used to be short.马力奥过去总是很矮。Amy used to be outgoing.爱米过去性格外向。Tina used to have long and straight hair.蒂娜过去有一头直的长头发。He used to wear black shoes. 他过去常穿黑鞋。
Unit3
本单元重点讲到了被动语态的用法英语动词的被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be有时态,人称和数的变化,其变化规则与连系动词be完全一样。
一、被动语态的句式变化: 以一般现在时和动词invite为例,列表说明被动语态的句式变化:
二、各种时态的被动语态结构总结如下: 被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的,be是什么时态,全句就是什么时态,be动词后面的过去分词不变。一般现在时的被动语态为:主+am / is / are (not)+过去分词一般过去时的被动语态为:主+was / were +过去分词
例如:我们学过的was / were born 生于,就是一个被动语态.born是个过去分词(bear)-When were you born ? -I was born in 1989. 现在进行时被动语态的构成为: 主语+is / am / are + being +过去分词
现在完成时被动语态的构成为: 主语+have / has +been +过去分词
情态动词的被动语态: 情态动词+be+过去分词
一般将来时的被动语态: 主语+will +be +过去分词
过去将来时的被动语态: 主语+would / should + be +过去分词
过去进行时的被动语态: 主语+was / were + being +过去分词
过去完成时的被动语态: 主语+had + been +过去分词
三、被动语态的用法:(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁,不用by+动作执行者短语 Football is played widely all over the world. 全世界都广泛地踢足球。
(2)强调动作的承受者,这时应用by短语。The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午这家银行遭到抢劫。
(3)作客观说明时,常采用一种被动语态句型It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA.
据报道美国大约二十名儿童死于流感。
四、主动语态的句子变为被动语态的方法是:(1)把原句中的宾语变为主语(2)动词改为被动形式,即be+过去分词(3)原来的主语,如果需要的话,放在by后面,如果没必要,可省略。请看下表:
主动语态 被动语态
They make trains in Zhuzhou. They use this key for locking the classroom door.Many people speak English.He wrote a letter.They are building a road. Trains are made in Zhuzhou.This key is used for locking the classroom door(by them).English is spoken by many people.A letter was written by him.A road is being built (by them).
Unit4
虚拟语气:如果我们所说的不是事实,也不是要求、命令、劝告等,而只是一种假设、愿望、建议或是一种实现不了的空想就用虚拟语气
注意:条件句分两种,真实条件句和虚拟条件句。只有在虚拟(非真实)条件句中,才用虚拟语气,而在真实条件句中,要用陈述语气。
请比较:
(1)If it is sunny tomorrow , we’ll go to the zoo.
如果明天天气好,我们将会去公园。在这句话中,明天天气好是完全有可能实现的,并非虚拟、幻想,因此是真实条件句。在本句中,适用“主将从现。”
(2)If I were you , I would go at once.
(如果我是你的话,我立刻就走。)在这句话中,条件句,“如果我是你”,但事实上,我不可能成为你,这只是假设的情况,没有实现的可能。当条件实现的可能性很小,甚至可以说没有时,就需要用虚拟语气来表示,动词发生了变化。
也就是说虚拟语气表示和现实的事实相反时,从句用一般过时。
主句用 “should/would/could/ might +动词原形。
1.If I had time, I would go for a walk.
2.If I were invited, I would go to the dinner party.
3.If I won a million dollars in the lottery, I would put it in the bank.
知识点2. He doesn’t know if he should bring a present.
此处if表示“是否”,引导宾语从句。Should此处表示“应该”。不是虚拟语气。
E.g.1. I don’t know if I should go to the party.
2.If I have enough money, I will go to Hainan .
知识点3.If I were you , I’d wear a shirt and tie.
if 引导的条件状语从句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气时,be动词只能用were,而不能用was。
E.g. If he were here, he would not agree with you .
知识点4. I don’t have a present. What if everyone else brings a present?
What if… “如果……怎么办?”相当于 what would happen if…
E.g. What shall I do if it snows?
知识点5.Well, dogs can be a lot of trouble.
Trouble 麻烦事 ,名词
常用搭配 :get (sb)into trouble get out of trouble what’s the trouble
“if”引导的条件句。
Unit5
It must be--- (肯定是,100%)
It might/could be… (有可能,20-80%)
It can’t be… (肯定不是,0%)
程度 肯定句 否定句 疑问句
must ★ ★ ★ ★ √
may ★ ★ ★ √ √
might
/could ★ ★ √
√
√
√
can’t
can ★ √
√
1. --- Whose book is this?
--- It must be Mary’s. (肯定; 一定)
It must belong to Mary.
2. --- Whose French book is this?
--- It could be Ali’s. She studies French. (可能)
3. The hair band might belong to Linda.
might be Linda’s. (可能)
4. The T-shirt can’t be John’s. (不可能)
It’s much too small for him.
练习:1. --- Whose pen is this?
--- It ____ Liu Mei because I saw her use it the other day.
A. can’t be B. might be C. must belong to
2. That’s a piece of good news. They ___ glad to hear that.
A. can be B. might be C. must be D. can’t be
3. Mary ______ be in Paris. I saw her in town only a few minutes ago.
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. may not
Unit6
定语从句
1. who 指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略)
The man who I talked with is our teacher.
A person who steals things is called a thief.
2. whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)
The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.
3. which 指物,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省)
These are the trees which were planted last year.
This recorder (which) he is using is made in Japan.
Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?
Is this the library from which you borrow books?
4. that 指人/物,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略)
A plane is a machine. It can fly.→A plane is a machine that can fly.
He is the man. I told you about him. →He is the man (that) I told you about.
The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.
↓
The scientist Ø we met yesterday is very famous in the world.
who
whom
that
The dress is new. She is wearing it.
↓
The dress that she is wearing is new.
which
Ø
(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him.
↓
He is the kind person that I have ever worked with.
who
whom
Ø
This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.
↓
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
Ø
在选择引导定语从句的关系代词时,有如下要点:
1 由于关系代词在主句与从句间既起到联系作用,又在从句中充当一个成分,因此, 要正确判断关系代词在从句中的功能,如作主语还是宾语等。
2 当先行词指人时,关系代词可用who(做主语,宾语),that(做主语,宾语),whom(作宾语),whose(作定语)
3 当先行词指物时,关系代词可用that(做主语,宾语),which(做主语,宾语)
4 再定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词长可省略,但在介词后面的关系代词不能省略。指人时,介词后只用whom,指物时,介词后只用which。
5 在非限制性定语从句中,指人时,只用who,指物时,只用which。
1.定语从句中that与who、which的区别
2.定语从句中关系词的省略
典型例题
1. The first job ________I found was to be a cleaner.
A. where B. why C. which D. that
解析:指事物的先行词前有序数词修饰时,只能用关系代词that。故本题的正确答案是D。
2. I don’t think history is as interesting as English.(改为同义词)
I think history is ___________ interesting _________ English.
解析:答案是:less; than。意思是“我认为历史不如英语有趣”。
3. The woman who is wearing the hat is my mother.(改为同义句)
The woman ________ the hat is my mother.
解析:读题后可知:上句含义是“戴帽子的那个妇女旭我的妈妈”,对应下句,可知空格处应填“戴”,故正确答案是in。
选择填空
1. The poor boy ________ lost both his parents last year is called Mike.
A.which B.what C.who D./
2. The bridge ________ has been there for nearly fifty years still looks nice.
A.which B.what C./ D.who
3. I’m one of the students _______well in English in my class.
A.who does B.who do C.which does D.who did
4. Is this factory ________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?
A.that B.where C.which D.the one
5. All______ they have done is good for us.
A.what B.which C.why D.that
Unit7
表达意愿的几个基本句子
a. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
b. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
c. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
d. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
答案:a. I hope to b. I’d like to c. I’d love to d. I want to
She would like to go to New York. (对划线部分提问)
答案:Where would she like to go?
注意:where在本句中为副词,go后面不能再加to,而Which city would she like to go to? 中which为代词。
九年级英语复习---语法讲解(Units8-15)
Unit8
1、短语动词小结
常见短语动词结构有下面几种:
1.动词+副词 如:give up 放弃 turn off 关掉 stay up 熬夜
这种结构有时相当于及物动词,如果其宾语是代词,就必须放在动词和副词之间,如果是名词,则既可插在动词和副词之间,也可放 在短语动词后。
2. 动词+介词 如:listen of 听 look at 看 belong to 属于
这种结构相当于及物动词,后面跟宾语。
3. 动词+副词+介词 如:come up with 提出,想出 run out of 用完,耗尽
4. 动词+名词(介词) 如:take part in参加 catch hold of 抓住
2、倒装句
not only … but (also) … 不但… 而且… 用来连接两个并列的成分
(1)引导以 not only …but (also)… 开头的句子往往引起部分倒装。
因此 ⑴Not only do I feel good but (also)…. 是倒装句。也是说得要
把前面的句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面。如:
①Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best. 我不仅能做到而且做得最好。
⑵Not only…but (also)… 接两主语时,谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化 也就是就近原则 如:
①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。
②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。
常见的就近原则的结构有:
Neither… nor…即不…也不… (两者都不)
Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜欢他。
Either… or… 不是…就是… (两者中的一个)
Either Lily or you are a student.
Not only …but (also)…
There be
⑹ 初三上 英语语法重重点
你可以到中xiaoxue 教yuwang上来看初中英语语法知识点总结~~