❶ 英语语法，定语从句
不是省略先行词 而是省略关系代词，关系代词在从句中作间接宾语，一般应该用介词to/for加关系代词表达 即相当于间接宾语。如果关系代词前面有介词，则关系代词不能省略，如果介词在定从末尾，则关系代词可以省略。
如he is the man to whom I gave the book.
He is the man (who/whom）i gave the book to。
❷ 英语语法之定语从句
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）
18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示 出。）
（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案：例1 D，例2 A
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。
18.4 限制性和非限制性定语从句
1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：
This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理•史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
18.5 介词+关系词 P>
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
18.6 as, which 非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
典型例题
1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that B. which C. as D. it
答案B.
as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
(2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。
As 的用法
例1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。
18.7 先行词和关系词二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.
(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.
(what 可以用all that代替)
18.8 what/whatever;that/what; who/whoever
1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything
What you want has been sent here.
Whatever you want makes no difference to me.
2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who
（错）Who breaks the law will be punished.
（错）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.
（对）Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
（对）Who robbed the bank is not clear.
3) that 和 what
当that引导定语从句时 ，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从 句， 用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。
I think (that) you will like the stamps.
What we need is more practice.
18.9 关系代词that 的用法
1）不用that的情况
a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
c) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。
d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.
e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。
举例：
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
❸ 英语中的定语从句详解、
内容很多，不能全部列举，为什么不自己看语法书？
说点重点的：
1. Last month,I went on a tour to Hangzhou, which is close to Shanghai.
Not:...Hangzhou, that- 逗号后的非限制性定语从句不可用 that- 引导。
2. China has built its first aircraft carrier, which indicates China is building its Navy.
Not: ...aricraft carrier, that- 非限制性从句并指代前句描述的整个情形，不用that-
3. Last Sunday I bought a new English-Chinese dictionary for which I paid 100 yuan.
Not:...dictionary for that- 不可：介词 + that-
(But: Last...dictionary (which/ that) I paid 100 yuan for.)
介词不提前，留在句末，可以，替代或指代“宾语”时，也可省略
4. much/ all/ anything/ nothing/ everything/ a little + that- (Not: ...+ which- )
不定代词(something 除外） + 不可用 which-
5. ...the best/ the second +n＋that－（NOt：．．．which－）
最高级/ 序数词 + 先行词 + 只用 that-
6．.... sb and sth + that- (Not: sb and sth + which-)
人 + 物 （同时做先行词）+ 只用 that-
who- vs. whom
1. I don't know the girl who's speaking with Mr. Smith at the gate of the school.
....who- 在从句中作‘主语“时，不可用宾格whom-,也不可省略。
2. Look at the pretty girl (whom/who) I don't know.
指代 ”宾语“时，正式的用whom-,口语中可用who-, 都可省略。
3. We went to the aged home to see the old people of whom the volunteers were taking care.
Not:...the old people of who- 介词 + 不可跟 主格的 who-
Also, we say: We...the old people (whom/ who) the volunteers were taking care of.
但介词不提前，留在后面，二者皆可，也都可省略，区别同上2。
❹ 英语语法 关于定语从句
1）先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时，
关系代词通常只用回that，
不用which.
2）先行词被序数词、答
形容词最高级、
the
only，
the
very，
the
last等修饰时，
关系代词通常只用that，
不用which.
3）先行词既有人又有物时，
关系代词只用that，
不用which
4）
关系代词在限定性定语从句中作表语并带有类比含义时，
通常只用that，
不用which.
5）
句中其他位置已出现which，
为避免重复，
不用which而用that引导限定性定语从句。
❺ 英语语法 定语从句
这明显是语法错误，书中例句是有问题的，因为从句完整，所以应该用关系副词when
❻ 英语语法定语从句
1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。
4.引导词：引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。
﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as
﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why
5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。【as除外】
6.引导词的功能(作用)：
﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。
﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语)。
7.定语从句的类型：
﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。
①
直接由引导词引导定语从句
The
man
who
you’re
talking
to
is
my
friend.
②
由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导
The
man
to
whom
you’re
talking
is
my
friend.
I
need
a
pen
with
which
I
can
write
a
letter.
=I
need
a
piece
of
paper
on
which
I
can
write
a
letter.
介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如：
The
man
(who/whom/that)
I
talked
about
at
the
meeting
is
from
Beijing
University.
=The
man
about
whom
I
talked
at
the
meeting
is
from
Beijing
University.
The
palace
(which/that)
I
often
pay
a
visit
to
was
built
in
the
17th
century.
=The
palace
to
which
I
often
pay
a
visit
was
built
in
the
17th
century.
﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。
①
直接由引导词引导定语从句。
②
由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导。
I
live
in
a
house
far
away
from
the
city，
in
front
of
which
is
a
big
tree.
There
is
an
apple
tree
standing
at
the
gate，
on
which
are
many
apples.
This
is
the
man
to
whom
I
gave
the
book.
③
由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of
which/
whom
+名词/代词”(先行词指
人用whom，指物用which)引导。One，
some，
any，
none，
all，
both，
several，
many，
most，
neither，
either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of
whom或of
which连用。
He
has
five
children，
two
of
whom
are
abroad.
(比较：He
has
five
children，
and
two
of
them
are
abroad.)
We
have
three
books，
none
of
which
is/are
interesting.
(比较：We
have
three
books，
but
none
of
them
is/are
interesting.)
除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。
1.在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。
2.非限定性定语从句的作用：它只是补充说明先行词的情况，翻译时可译成两个句子。
The
engineer，
whose
leg
was
badly
hurt，
was
quickly
sent
to
hospital.
(那位工程师被很快送往医院，其腿部受了重伤)
The
engineer
whose
leg
was
badly
hurt
was
quickly
sent
to
hospital.
(那位腿部受了重伤的工程师被很快送往医院)
3.在非限定性定语从句中，任何引导词都不能省略(包括引导词在此定语从句中充当宾语在内)。指人做主语时只能用who，
做宾语时用whom；
指物做主语，宾语都用which；
关系副词用when或where，也不能省略。
❼ 英语语法中的定语从句的用法请讲解下。
定语从句
（一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导
1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as
2、关系副词：when, where, why
关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分。
e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.（关系代词who在从句中作主语）
The comrade with whom I came knows French.（whom在从句中作介词with的宾语）
3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：1）当先行词为人时用who 作主语，whom作宾语；2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ，可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用that ，可作主语或宾语；4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。
（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。
e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）
2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。
e.g. Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）
（三）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题
1、that与which的区别。
1）用that而不用 which的情况：①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, …；②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；③先行词有only, very, any等词修饰；④先行词既有人又有物时。
e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。
Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。
2）用which而不用 that的情况：①引导非限制性定语从句；②代表整个主句的意思；③介词 + 关系代词。
e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。
This is the room in which my father lived last year. 这是父亲去年居住过的房子。
3）as引导定语从句时的用法
①as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same … as, such … as结构中。
e.g. I want the same shirt as my friend’s. 我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。
Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。
②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。
e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。
3）as 引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别
①当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。
e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected.
He made a long speech, which was unexpected.
②当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。
e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn’t like at all.
2. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。
e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。
The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.
3. 定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。
e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I can’t understand.
4. 引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词 + which”来代替。
e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the People’s Republic of China was founded.
5. 当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。
e.g. The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.
6. 介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可有which, that, whom, 口语中也可用who，且可省略。
e.g. The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to school.
❽ 英语语法中定语从句
1 定语从句缺少先行词，This factory is ___ the foreign visitors visited... 同时先行词在定语从句中做visited的宾语（关系词版可省略）权，填the one.
2 定语从句有先行词the factory了，只缺少关系代词，在从句中做visited的宾语，填which和that均可。
3 The factory is ____ you visited... 缺少先行词，定语从句却宾语，填the one.
——————————————————————————
The day he has looked forward to _____at last.
请注意he has looked forward to是定语从句，先行词是the day，在定语从句中做宾语(关系词被省略)，即
（他盼望的）那天，来了。
The day (that he has looked forward to) came at last.句子的主干是The day came at last.
懂了吗？
❾ 英语语法 定语从句
这些你还是自己看抄书吧，平时认真听课。这里和你讲也会很复杂的
定语从句大类分成限制性和非限制性。
其中限制性定语从句中又有对事物的修饰，对人的修饰以及对人和物共同的修饰。
如果事物作为修行词且没有序数词，最高级的情况下，用that
或
which
，如果做状语，则要用when，where或in
which
如果先行词是一个原因，用why或者for
which
如果先行词是一个人，用who
如果先行词是不定代词，序数词，最高级，关联词只能用that
如果先行词在定语从句中做宾语成分，关联词可以不需要。