A. 英语有哪几种语法,分别举例说明
以下给出一些常见的语法(是常见而非全部哈,事实上语法点实在太多了啥),仅供参考:
一、名词性从句
1.主语从句
What has caught our attention is /It is noticeable that the environment in both the rural and urban areas is deteriorating. 值得注意的是农村和城市的生态环境都在不断恶化。
It is universally acknowledged that environmental pollution becomes one of the most serious problems in China or even the world as a whole. 众所周知,环境污染问题是中国乃至世界面临的最为严重的问题之一。
2.宾语从句
Some people claim that government should be mainly responsible for the environmental pollution. 一些人认为政府应对环境污染负主要责任。
Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it. 许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果,无法避免。
3.表语从句
The fact is that he didn’t notice the car until too late. 事实上他根本没有注意到那辆车直到惨剧发生。
The question is why he likes the place so much. 问题是他为何如此喜欢这个地方。
4.同位语从句
It is an undeniable fact that environmental pollution becomes increasingly serious. 环境污染变得越来越严重是不可否认的事实。
No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily. 没有人能否认这一基本事实:对于一般工人来讲,轻松掌握这些技术是不可能的。
二、定语从句(运用广泛,句型灵活)
Bad books contain evil thoughts. In them, there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex.
→ Bad books, in which there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex, contain evil thoughts.
三、状语从句。
1. 原因状语从句:
Nonetheless, I am still in favor of space travel, for its merits far outweigh demerits. 尽管如此,我还是赞成太空探险,因为它的好处远远大于坏处。
2. 让步状语从句:
Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that ecation can be obtained at any age and at any place. 尽管这一观点被广泛接受,很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。
3. 条件状语从句:
If you want to achieve something or intend to fulfill one of your ambitions, you must work hard, make efforts and get prepared. 假如你要取得成就或要实现你的雄心壮志,你必须努力工作、艰苦奋斗、准备好条件。
4. 时间状语从句:
When it comes to ecation, the majority of people believe that ecation is a lifetime study. 说到教育,大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。
5. 目的状语从句:
Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market. 成千上万的人们不得不花费的精力和时间学习新的技术和知识,使得他们在就业市场能保持优势。
四、倒装句。
Only if the government will take some appropriate measures, will this intractable problem be tackled. 只有政府采取适当的措施,这个棘手的问题才能被解决。
Now comes your turn. 现在到你了哈
五、虚拟语气;
Without air, there would be no living things.
But for your help, I couldn't have done it
It would proce bad results to do that.=If you did that/should do that, it would proce bad results.
六、强调句;
It is cars and factories that release a great deal of gases, polluting the environment. 汽车和工厂排放大量的废气,使得环境被污染。
七、被动语态。
Every means should be tried to protect the environment on which people live. 人们应竭尽全力来保护我们赖以生存的环境。
八、分词结构
Tourism, which is a rising instry, has become the major source of economy, playing crucial role in many Asian countries.
旅游业是一个新兴的行业,它成为经济的主要, 在很多东南亚国家起着尤为重要的作用。
To be more specific, government should stage some relevant laws or regulations to severely punish the factory procing a great number of pollutants and the people littering or spitting deliberately.
具体来说,政府应该出台相关法律法规对制造大量污染物的工厂及故意乱扔垃圾随地吐痰的人进行严惩。
九、插入语。
Computer, an indispensable part in our life, has brought us great conveniences. 电脑,我们生活中必不可少的一部分,给我们带来了极大的方便。
College students, lacking social experience, are easily cheated. 大学生,没有社会经验,容易上当受骗。
B. 英语的所有语法是什么很详细的,并且要很准确
一、一般现在时的用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。
时间状语: every…, sometimes,at…, on Sunday
2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun。
3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。
二、一般过去时的用法
1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。
三、一般将来时
1)shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。
2)be going to +不定式,表示将来。
3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
四、一般现在是表将来
1)下列动词:come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
.2)倒装句,表示动作正在进行。
3)在时间或条件句中。
4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。
C. 介绍一些简单的英语语法知识.
一、英语语句基本结构分析:
主谓宾结构:
主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!
谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.
宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等
例:The boy needs a pen.主语the boy,谓语needs(need的第三人称单数形式),宾语a pen.
主系表结构:
主语:同‘主谓宾’结构。
联系动词(Link verb):be动词(am,is,are,was,were,have been);其他联系动词如:become成为,turn变成,go变。其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系,表语多为形容词或副词,既,不可能是宾语。
表语:说明主语的状态、性质、等。可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。当联系动词不是be,而其后是名词和代词时,多表达‘转变为’之意,注意与动宾关系的区别。
感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻
例:Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩)/主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is,表语为a boy
There be 结构:
There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。
此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’
试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。
二、定语:定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
形容词作定语:
The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy;blue修饰名词pen.)/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。
Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。
There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。
数词作定语相当于形容词:
Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。
The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。
There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。
代词或名词所有格作定语:
His boy needs Tom's pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。
His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。
There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。
介词短语作定语:
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。
The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。
There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩。
名词作定语:
The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。
It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。
There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。
副词作定语:
The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。
The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。
不定式作定语:
The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。
The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。
There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做。
分词(短语)作定语:
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。
There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。
定语从句:
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。
The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。
There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。
协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。
助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如:
He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。
(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)
2) 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来:
a. 表示时态,例如:
He is singing. 他在唱歌。
He has got married. 他已结婚。
b. 表示语态,例如:
He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。
c. 构成疑问句,例如:
Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?
Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗?
d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如:
I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。
e. 加强语气,例如:
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。
3) 最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
D. 英语语法结构说明
这是一个带有定语从句的主从复合句。定语从句是of which he was the owner. 其中介词of从owner 后面提到关系专代词which 前,which 代替London docks 。属
E. “常联系”用英语怎么说 着重说明要经常联系。
Let's keep in touch
F. 英语语法,解释一下,有例子有分析,清楚点,谢谢,在线等,给悬赏50
限制性与非限制性定语从句区别
一、在句中作用不同
限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用,使该词的含义更具体,更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略,否则句意就不完整。
非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,只是对其作一些附加说明,不起限定制约作用。如果将非限制性定语从句省去,主句的意义仍然完整。
二、外在表现形式不同
限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切,所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开;而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,所以可用逗号将其与主句隔开。
例
1.
Do
you
remember
the
girl
who
taught
us
English?
你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗?
例
2.
Clock
is
a
kind
of
instrument
which
can
tell
people
time.
钟是一种能够告诉人们时间的仪器。
例
3.
This
is
the
place
where
he
used
to
live.
这就是他过去居住的地方。
例
4.
Mr.
Zhang,
who
came
to
see
me
yesterday,
is
an
old
friend
of
mine.
张先生昨天来看我,他是我的一位朋友。
例
5.
We
walked
down
the
village
street,
where
they
were
having
market
day.
我们沿着村里的大街向前走去,村民们正在那里赶集。
析:在前三个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系密切,为限制性定语从句,不可用逗号将其与主句隔开。在后两个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系不密切,为非限制性定语从句,可用逗号将其与主句隔开。
三、先行词内容有所不同
大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语,而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句,此时非限制性定语从句常由
which
引导。
例
1.
A
middle-aged
woman
killed
her
husband,
which
frightened
me
very
much.
一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫,这令我十分恐惧。
析:由语境可知,令“我”恐惧的内容应为“中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫”这整个一件事,因此先行词为整个主句,此时应由
which
引导定语从句。
例
2.
A
five-year-old
boy
can
speak
two
foreign
languages,
which
surprises
all
the
people
present.
一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语,这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。
G. 英语语法,求解释!!!
was watching: 从went看应该用过去时,而且用together with连接的两个主语,动词的形式由前面那个的单复数形式决定
should have:lest 后面用虚拟语气
H. 请举例(每种一个典型句子,带汉语翻译的)说明英语的常见语法。
This
is
one
of
the
most
difficult
questions
(that)I
have
ever
met.
这是我见过的最难的问题之一。
这句话包含了形容词的最高级、一般现在时、现在完成时内、定语容从句。
你可以买一本你看上去简单易懂的语法书,每个语法点都会给出一些例子的。
I. 英语语法如何学习 要详细的 最好把主谓宾 定状补都解释一下
有的人,自己不学无术,就爱乱说话。
语法专题------------句子成分 1
经过长时间的英语的学习,同学们对英语学习已经掌握了一定的方法,同学可能已经意识到了学习英语不光背单词、练口语很重要,掌握英文的语法知识也非常重要,它是我们提高听、说、读、写能力的重要保证。句子的成分分析,可以提高我们的英语水平,更好地
理解英文文章的内容。
句子的成分: 在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、主语补足语,宾语补足语、同位语,定语
和状语等
(一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。
它在句首。如:
1. Comrade Chen is a well-known scientist. 陈同志是著名的科学家。 (名词作主语)
2. He reads newspapers every day . 他每天读报。 (代词作主语)
3. Smoking is harmful to the health . 吸烟对健康有害。 (动名词作主语)
4. To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure . 在昆明湖里游泳是非常愉快的事。 (不定式作主语)
5. What we shall do next is not yet decided . 下一步我们做什么还没定下来。 (主语从句作主语)
(二)谓语: 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。
它在主语后面。
如:His parents are teachers . (系动词和表语一起作谓语)
We study hard . (行为动词作谓语)
We have finished reading the book. 助动词和行为动词一起作谓语)
He can speak English . (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)
(三)宾语: 宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。
一般放在谓语之后。
She is doing her homework now. (名词作宾语)
She said (that)she felt sick. (宾语从句做动词宾语)
We often help him. (代词作宾语)
He likes to play basketball. (不定式作宾语)
We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。(动名词短语作宾语)
说明1:宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物。宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词,称为介词宾语。
名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外,动词不定式可做动词宾语;动名词和宾语从句也可用做动词宾语。
说明2:及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语,宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象。直接宾语指物。
间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人,间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。
不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟,如:give , show (给…看),bring , pass , buy 等。如:
1. Our teacher told us a story . (us为间接宾语)a story为直接宾语。
2. The sun gives us light and warmth. (us为间接宾语,light and warmth为直接宾语)
3. We sent him a telegram. 我们给他打了电报。 (him为间接宾语,a telegram为直接宾语)
(三)宾语补足语: 在某些及物动词后面,需要用一个宾语再加一个宾语的补语才能表达完整的意思。在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、
状态、特征的成分,称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式,分词等可用做宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补
足语称为复合宾语。
如: They made her happy . (形容词)
I saw her dance. (不定式)
We’ll help make the Olympics a success. (名词)
Please let him in . (副词)
We heard her singing a song. (分词短语)
(四)表语:表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词,不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任。
它的位置在系动词后面。
表语: 放在连系动词之后表明主语是什么, 怎么样或处于某种状态的。 连系动词 + 表语= 系表结构谓语
名词: 说明主语是什么 My mother is a housewife. ( doctor, nurse, teacher )
连系动词 + 表语 形容词: 说明主语怎么样 My mother looks happy. (pleased, sad, angry )
介词短语 说明主语处于某种状态 My mother is at home. ( in blue, in trouble, on holiday)
连系动词的种类: (1). 表示特征和存在状态的: be 是/ 存在)seem(是乎…)feel(感到…)appear(显得…)look(看上去…)
smell(闻起来…)taste(偿起来…)sound(听起来..), prove (证明…)
(2). 表示状态延续的: remain(仍然是…), stay (保持…) keep(保持…), continue(保持…), stand(保持…),
(3). 表示状态变化的: become(变,得…) get(变,得…), turn(变,得…), grow(变,得…) go(变,得…) run (dry ), fall (asleep ), come(变,得…),
(五)同位语: 放在名词或代词后面的另一个名词, 短语, 或句子 用来进一步解释, 说明前者的具体人的身份, 事情的内容等.
e. g.: 1. This is Mr. Zhou, director of our school.
2. Qinghai, the largest inland body of salt water in China, lies 3,198 metres above sea-level.
3. We have everything we need: land, wealth, and technology.
4. The news that a group of singers will sing for us is given by Mr. Black.
(六)定语: 用来修饰或描述名词或代词(人, 物/ 事)的外表特征(包括大小, 颜色, 形状, 材料/ 国籍等)
如:The black bike is mine. (形容词) 这辆黑色的自行车是我的。
What’s your name ? (代词) They made paper flowers. (名词)
说明1:当定语修饰不定代词如:nothing , anything , everything , something 等时,定语要放在其后作后置定语
如:I tell him something interesting . 我告诉他一些有趣的事情。 (形容词interesting作不定代词something的后置定语)
He has something to do . 他有一些事情去做 (to do 为不定式作后置定语)
说明2:短语或从句作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。
如:The boys in the room are in Class Four. 这间屋子里的男孩子们是4班的。 in the room 是介词短语作the boys的后置定语。
e.g. 1.: A young and tall man will visit you.
5. The man sitting on the bench is our new headteacher.
2. I bought a big house last year.
6. The boy called Jack is one of his best friends.
3. Mr. Brown has a round table and a pink bookshelf.
7. The woman with a baby on her back is now on her way to her mother’s home.
4. I have something interesting to tell you.
8. The project to be completed next year will cost a large sum of money.
(七)状语:
副词是用来修饰: 1. 行为动词表达动作/行为的方式,时间, 地点,频度等分别充当句中的方式,时间, 地点,频度状语;
2. 形容词, 副词表示程度充当程度状语。
副词有: 时间副词, 地点副词,频度副词, 方式副词, 程度副词, 疑问副词, 连接副词, 关系副词 等
时间副词: now, then, last night, today, tomorrow, tonight, yesterday, just now later lately, up to now
频度副词:always , often, usually, sometimes, occasionally, seldom, never, generally, frequently, hardly, ever,
地点副词: here, there, home, downstairs, upstairs, anywhere, everywhere, somewhere, nowhere, abroad, elsewhere,
方式副词: anxiously, badly, bravely, carefully, carelessly, nervously, awkwardly, patiently, politely, proudly, properly, happily
程度副词: much, a little, a lot , a bit, very, so, enough, quite, rather, pretty, fairly,
1. He watched TV very happily at home last night 2.. She always drives her car quite carefully on the high way.
方式
地点
时间
1. She does well in dancing.
5. My father always drives car carefully.
2. We visit the museum on May Day.
6. I usually have lunch at school .
3. If you’re late again, I’ll fire you.
7. I am sorry for my being late.
4. The next morning, Jenny got up even earlier in order to catch the first bus. 8. Mike is 2 cm taller than I
J. 英语语法
冠词:a \the \an,a和an区别元音用an,the是特指
介词:in on by after befor at down upon to 介词后面一般加名词或动名词after before后面加时间
形容词很多,是专修饰名词的属,比如漂亮的,可爱的
副词:一般修饰动词,比如run quickly,quickly就是副词,表示很快地,一般后面加个ly的都是副词,除了个别以外,比如friendly是形容词,family是名词
助动词:must need can dare could will would,这些
都是加强动词的语气的,也叫情态动词,must是表示肯定的猜测