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初三英语语法归纳

发布时间:2021-02-11 03:03:48

❶ 初三英语语法总结

没什么难的地方.
1.不定代词(some any,all both,either neither,no none,each every,many much,few little的区别与联系)
A复合不定代词12个
Bsome any的用法
2.时态
A一般现在、过去、将来时
B现在、过去完成时
C过去、现在、将来进行时
D现在完成进行时
3.宾语从句(3种)
4.定语从句(以that为主)
5.构词法,主要词缀(un dis bi ab inter tele re ful tion less ese y ing ed ly able al等)
6.主要缩写
7.形容词与副词的比较级,最高级
A特殊变化与一般变化
B用法
8.动词的种类
行为、情态、联系、助动词
9.句子的成分
主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语
10.简单句5大基本句型(顺便掌握及物与不及物动词的区别)
11.动词不定式
A基本结构(to+动词原型,否定式为not to+动词原型)
B用法
C疑问词+不定式
12.被动语态
A主动与被动的概念
B构成
C情态动词被动语态
13.虚拟语气(以“现在不可能发生”为主)
结构为If+主+V-ed,主+would do。
注意从句里面be用were
14.双宾语
15.情态动词
caN could,should,would,would like,might may,have to must,need
特别注意掌握情态动词表推测
16.直接引语,间接引语
注意指示代词、时间与地点词、动词转换的情况
注意不转换的情况
注意主从一致
17.状语从句(特别是IF ,WHEN和UNTIL)
注意主句一般将来时,从句用一般现在表将来。
18.名词
A专有名词与普通名词
B可数与不可数
C可数名词单数与复数
D所有格
19.代词
A人称代词
B物主代词
C指示代词
20.数词
A基数词
B序数词
21.动词缩略形式
22.介词
A时间介词
B地点介词
C其他
23.冠词
24.分词
A现在与过去分词
B现在分词做主语等
C分词做定语
25.倒装
A so+动词+主语
B部分倒装
26.特殊
A季节,星期,月份,年份读法
B报时
C动词+介词,动词+副词的各种特殊意义
D其他(如7大洲,4大洋,扑克花色,电影.音乐的类型,国家与首都等)
{你是老师就很容易看懂上面这些了,如果是学生.那就去查查语法书吧.}

❷ 人教版初中英语语法归纳

(see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump
2 (比较级 and 比较级) 表示越来越怎么样
3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易) 4 agree with sb 赞成某人
5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界
7 along with同……一道,伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去
the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树
8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的
10 ask for ……求助 向…要…(直接接想要的东西) eg : ask you for my book
11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么
12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事
13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen
14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的开始
15 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后;尽头;末尾 eg : At the end of the day
16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候
17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心,自信
eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test
18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时 2 将来时
19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原) 能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing
20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing
21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog
22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么
eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视
23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me
24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气
25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高
26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开
29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好
30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于……
32 be careful 当心;小心 33 be different from…… 和什么不一样
34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好
36 be from = come from 来自 eg :He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ?
37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water
38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v(原) 将来时
40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于……
41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English
42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事
43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处
eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处
Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处
44 be in good health 身体健康
45 be in trouble 处于困难中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble
46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣
47 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到
48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother
49 be mad at 生某人的气
50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)
51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料) 52 be not sure 表不确定
53 be on a visit to 参观 54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎
55 be quiet 安静 56 be short for 表**的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰
57 be sick in bed 生病在床 58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you
59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you
61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noles
62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格
63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么
65 be sure 表确定 66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well
67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大脑(老师)
68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通过考试
69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语
70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕…… 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事
72 be the same as … 和什么一样 73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事
eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉
74 be worth doing 值得做什么 75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句
76 because+句子 because of +短语
eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache
77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么
eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home
78 between…and… 两者之间
79 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给……什么东西
eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen
80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同
81 bother 打扰 bother sb to do sth
eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station
我十分道歉打扰你,但是你能告诉我怎么去车站
the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了
He's bothering me to lend him money
82 by the end of 到……为止 83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang
84 care 关心 eg : Don't you care about this country's future ?你为什么不关心国家的未来
85 catch up with sb 赶上某人 86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈 take sb to + 地点 带某人去某地
87 come in 进88 come over to 过来
89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一个好办法吗?
90 communicate with sb 和某人交流
91 consider + doing 考虑做什么 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不考虑去泸州?
92 dance to 随着……跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞
93 decide to do sth 决定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查 95 do better in 在……方面做得更好
96 do wrong 做错 97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事 98 Don't mind +doing /从句 /名词 不要介意……
99 each +名(单)每一个…eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书 100 end up +doing 101 enjoy +doing喜欢 102 escape from 从……逃跑eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来 103 expect to do sth 期待做某事 104 fall down 摔下来 fall off 从哪摔下来 105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么
106 far from 离某地远 eg : The school is far from my home 107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样
108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样 eg : I find the book interesting 109 finish 完成+doing(名词)
110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人 111 forget to do 没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don't forget to go home I forget closing door 112 from…to… 从某某到某某 eg: From me for her
113 get /have sth down 做完,被(别人)做…eg: I have my hair cut 我理了发(头发被剪了)
Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了(被牙医拔掉了)
114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好
116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处 117 get ready for = be ready for为什么而准备eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math 118 get sb in to trouble 给某人麻119 get sb to do sth
120 get…from… 从某处得到某物 121 give a talk 做报告 eg: He is give a tall
122 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物 123 go fish 钓鱼 go swimming 游泳
124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 继续做这件事 125 go out away from go out of
126 go to school 上学(用于专业的)go to the school 去学校(不一定是上学) 127 good way to 好方法
128 hate to do 讨厌没做过的事 hate doing 讨厌做过的事
129 have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会 130 have a talk 听报告 谈一谈
131 have been doing 现在完成进行时 eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since
132 have been to …( 地方)……去过某过地方 have gone to …(地方) 去了某地还没回来
133 have fun +doing 玩得高兴 134 have sth to do 有什么事要做
eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做 I have nothing to do 我没什么事情做
135 have to do sth 必须做某事
136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦
137 have…time +doing
138 have…(时间)…off 放……假 eg: I have month off 我请一个月得假
139 hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事
140 help a lot 很大用处
141 help sb with sth \one's sth 帮助某人某事(某方面) help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事
142 hope to do sth 希望做某事
143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing)
144 how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法
145 if : 是否=wether
eg: I don't know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会
He don't know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达
146 if :如果,假如(全部接一般时态)+条件语态从句
eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain 假如明天不下雨,我就去泸州
If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他们要改变计划,他们会让我知道的
I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足够的钱,我就要去英国
147 in one's opinion = sb think 某人认为
148 in some ways 在某些方面
149 in the end = finally(adv) 最后
150 in the north of… 什么在什么的北方 (north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east 东 )

❸ 初三上册英语语法和重点短语归纳!!

Section A:
1.by working with friends
通过和朋友一起学习

2.make flashcards
制作抽认卡
make vocabulary lists
制作词汇表
make mistakes
犯错误
make up(a conversation)
编造,组成(会话)

3. ask the teacher for help
向老师寻求帮助
ask sb. about sth.
询问某人关于某事
ask sb. to do sth
请求某人做某事

4. listen to tapes
听录音

5. work/study with a group
和小组成员一起学习

6 learn a lot (in) that way
以那种方式学到很多

7. improve ones speaking skill
提高某人的口语技能

8. too…to…
太„„而不能

9. read aloud
朗读

10. practice conversations with friends
和朋友一起练习会话
practice speaking English 练习说英语

11. Wei Ming feels differently.
卫明有不同的感受

12. watch sb. do sth.
看见某人做某事(全过程动作已结束)
watch sb. doing sth
看见某人正在做某事(片断,正在进行)
.
13. join an English club
加入英语俱乐部

14. not… at all = not … in the slightest
一点也不,根本不

15. end up doing sth. =finish doing
终止做某事
end up speaking in Chinese 以说汉语结束对话

16. get excited about…
对„„变得兴奋起来

17. do a survey about…
做有关„„的调查

Section B:
18. spoken English
英语口语
written English
书面英语
19. make mistakes 犯错
mistake…for…
把„„误当做„„
by mistake
错误地
20. get the pronunciation right
使发音正确
21. have a partner to practice English with
找一个练习英语的搭档
22. get/do much writing practice
多做写作训练
23. first of all
首先
24. begin with
以„„开始
end up with sth.
以„„结束
25. later on
以后,随后
26. It doesnt matter
没关系
27. be afraid to do sth.
害怕做某事
be afraid of sth.
害怕某事
28. in class
在课堂上
29. laugh at sb.
嘲笑某人
30. make complete sentences
造完整的句子
31. help a little/a lot 有一点/很大帮助
32. My teacher is very impressed.
给老师留下了深刻的印象

❹ 初三英语语法总结,能有多详细就有多详细

句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语
1、主语:
(1)由名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、
动名词等充当,说明动作是“谁”发出的,主语是句子陈述的对象,说明是谁或什么,表示句子说的是“什么人”,或”什么事“,如“我写字”中的“我”,做出
写字这个动作.“写”则是谓语,“字”是宾语,是接受谓语“写”这个动作的对象,因此是宾语.如:The painter painted a very
nice picture. (画家画了一幅漂亮的画.) / They fought against SARS bravely.
(他们勇敢地与非典搏斗.) / To see is to believe. (耳听为虚眼见为实). / Helping animals is
to help people. (帮助动物就是帮助人类.)
(2)动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替,而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语之
后.如:It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat ring the long
journey. (在长途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了.) / Eating too much is bad for your
health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.)
(吃得太多对你的身体不利.)(比较好看,避免头重脚轻)
(3)口语中常见主语或“主--系”省略:(It is) nothing. ((那)没有什么.)/ (It) doesn’t matter. ((那)没有关系.) / (I) thank you. ((我)谢谢你.)
(4)
反意问句的附加问句,主语必须是代词:The man looks worried, doesn’t he? (这个人看上去很着急不是吗?) /
Tigers are dangerous animals, aren’t they? (老虎是危险的动物不是吗?)
(5)祈使句一般省略主
语.加主语时往往用来指定某个人.Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子们请保持键盘的清洁.)
(省略了主语) / You go there and fetch me a glass of water. (你去给我弄一杯水来.)
(6)
主语一般在句首,但在问句中会处于第二位和句尾;倒装句及there be句型主语在动词之后.如:Computers are made in
this factory. (计算机生产于这家工厂.) / Where are they? (他们在哪儿?) / Does the boy
like staying home? (这个男孩喜欢呆在家里吗?)
(7)主语与谓语必须保持单、复数的一致,
而谓语与表语或宾语之间没有这一要求.Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam.
(Jim和Rose都没有通过考试.) / The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave
people. (中华民族是一个勤劳勇敢的民族.)
(8)主语可以由从句充当,详见“主语从句”.
2、谓语:是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”,“是什么”或“怎么样”,在主语后接宾语,又称受词,是一个动作的接受者.
(1)由“不及物动词”、“及物动词+宾语”或“系动词+表语”等构成,说明主语所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么样”.如:
He travelled in space for the first time .(他首次在太空旅行.) / Who teaches
you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语?) / The pizza has gone bad.
(那块烤馅饼已经变坏.) /
(2)谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息,谓语动词往往由下列词语依序排列构成:[情态动词]+[时
态助动词](现在完成时)+[语态助动词](如被动语态)+[主要动词](不一定全部出现).(见动词的时态和语态构成表)记住:谓语部分第一个动词往
往是变形动词.如:
I am sorry I am making so much noise but I have to.
(对不起我发出了太大的声音但是只能这样.) / He can’t have finished reading the
800-page-long novel. (他不可能读完了那本长达800页的小说.) / Something must be done to
stop the fowl flu from spreading out. (该采取措施防止禽流感蔓延.)
(3)谓语动词切忌用“行为动词1 + 原形动词”、“be + 原形动词”.
记住使用下列正确形式:
①情态动词+原形动词.如:You’d better go over the lesson.(你最好复习这一课.)
②shall/ will/ would+原形动词.如:They should have been there once.(他们应该去过那儿.)
③be+
现在分词或者过去分词.如:What are you doing this evening?(今晚你打算做什么?)---表示一般将来时/ Many
trees have been cut down since 1970s.(自从20世纪70年代大批树木被砍伐.)
④have+过去分词.如:Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.(意思同上)
⑤一般时问句和否定句中:do/does/did+原形动词.如:He does not enjoy himself very much.(他日子过的不好.)/ Did any of you see dinosaur eggs?(你们当中有谁见过恐龙蛋吗?)

行为动词1+行为动词2 (不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词等形式).如:He made up his mind to be a
vet.(他拿定主意要做个兽医.)/ Feeling good about yourself is essential to feeling
good about life.(自尊自爱是享受生活的根本.)/ They wake up the other family members,
calling,“Merry Christmas!”(他们叫醒家庭的其他成员,呼喊着:圣诞快乐!)/ The kings of ancient
Egypt had strong tombs built for themselves.(古代的埃及国王让人给他们自己修建坚固的坟墓.)
(4)不可用形容词、名词、代词、副词、介词短语等独立作谓语,必须在此之前加连系动词.
(5)谓语动词单复数形式:单数形式的动词有:is,was,has,does以及“动词+s”;复数形式的动词有:are,were,have以及动词原形.其他动词不分单、复数.
谓语部分第一个动词的形式\x09单数形式\x09复数形式
一般现在时be(是)动词;
现在某些时态和语态的助动词be\x09am (单一); are (单二); is (单三); \x09are
一般过去时be(是)动词;
过去某些时态和语态的助动词be\x09was (单一); were (单二); was;(单三)\x09were
一般现在时have(有)动词;
现在完成时态的助动词have\x09have (单一); have (单二); has (单三);\x09have
一般现在时行为动词和助动词do\x09do (单一、单二); does (单三)\x09do
实意动词和连系动词的一般现在时动词(否定和疑问句除外)\x09原形动词(单一、单二); 动词+s /es (单三)\x09原形动词
其他各时态语态的谓语动词\x09单复数形式相同
记住:主语、谓语单复数必须保持一致.(参见“4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题:”) Air and water is necessary to us all.(空气和水对于我们大家是必不可少的.)
(6)
一般问句和反意问句的回答不使用行为动词,应该使用“是”动词、情态动词、助动词(be,will,have,do以及变形).如:The
Olympic Games is held every other year, isn’t it? ----Yes, it
is.(奥运会每两年举办一次,是吗?----是的.)
3、宾语:又称受词,是指一个动作(动词)的接受者.宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语两大类,
其中直接宾语(经常指被做的人)指动作的直接对象,间接宾语说明动作的非直接,但受动作影响的对象.一般而言,及物动词后面最少要有一个宾语,而该宾语通
常为直接宾语,有些及物动词要求两个宾语,则这两个宾语通常一个为直接宾语,另一个为间接宾语.
(1)
由名词、代词(人称代词要用宾格)、不定式、动名词、(宾语)从句充当,表示动作的承受者是“谁”或者是“何物”.如: The angel also
came to Joseph and told him the same
thing.(那个天使同样来到约瑟夫面前并且告诉他同样的事情.)(代词和名词充当两个宾语) / He told me that the
company could not afford to pay him so much money.(他告诉我说公司付不起他那么多的钱.)
(不定式作宾语) / They enjoy watching football games so much that they often
forget their lessons. (他们如此喜爱看足球以至于常常忘记了他们的功课.) (动名词作宾语) / I think to be
a children’s doctor is very rewarding.(我认为当个儿童医生是很值得的.) (从句作宾语)
(2) 只有及物动词或介词才有宾语,不及物动词没有宾语,如果涉及到事物,则必须在不及物动词后面加合适的介词.Listen to the
radio. (listen不是及物动词,故加to.) / Can you hear anything
exciting?(你能听到什么令人兴奋的消息吗?)
(3)
宾语一般放在及物动词或介词的后面,但是在疑问句中,如果宾语是疑问词,则宾语要放在句首.介词的宾语如果是疑问词,则可以放在介词后或句首.
如:What did he see? (他看见了什么?) / What does he write a letter with?
(他用什么写的信?) / With what does he write a letter? (他用什么写的信?)
(4)“动词+副词+宾
语”结构中,如果宾语是代词,则代词必须放在“动”“副”之间.如:Please put the shoes away. (请把鞋子收起来.) /
Please put away the shoes. (请把鞋子收起来.) / Please put them away. (请把它们收起来.)
(5) 动词后面跟双宾语时可以采用两种结构:
①动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物).如:He often gives me some help. (他常常帮我.)
②动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语.注意,一般情况介词用to,但动词是make, buy, borrow时,介词用for.如: Please make me a kite. (请给我做个风筝.)或Please make a kite for me.
(6) 在“动词+宾语+宾补”结构中,如果宾语是不定式、动名词、宾语从句,则常用it做形式宾语,而将实际的宾语移到补语后面去.如:I
found the job rather difficult. (我发觉这个工作相当难做.) / I found it rather
difficult to do the job.
(7) 宾语可以由从句充当,详见“宾语从句”.
4、表语:
(1)
说明主语的身份、性质、状况等含义的成分,通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、代词等充当.如:He became a doctor after
he left high school.(高中毕业他当上了医生.) / The rubber wheels are over
there.(橡胶轮子在那边.) / He does not feel like eating anything today because
he has caught a bad cold.(他今天不想吃任何东西因为他得了重感冒.) / Who is it?(谁呀?)
(2) 表语只能放在连系动词(如:be,look,become,turn get,grow,feel,seem) 之后,对表语进行提问的句子除外.
(3) 代词做表语一般用主格,口语中常用宾.如:It’s I. (It’s me.)是我.
(4)
只能作表语的形容词有:sorry,afraid,alone,asleep,awake,ill,well,sure,interested等等.He
was terribly sorry for his carelessness.(他很为他的粗心而歉疚.) / Please make no
noise here; the baby is asleep.(请不要发出响动,婴儿正熟睡呢.) / I am only interested
in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!(我只是对独坐孤舟无所事事感兴趣.) / I am
not alone in thinking so.(并非只有我才这样想的.)
(5) 表语也可以由从句充当,详见“表语从句”.
5、定语:
(1)
修饰名词或代词的成分,常由形容词、名词(含所有格)、代词(物主、指示、疑问、不定)、介词短语、不定式(短语)充当,在初三阶段还学习了定语从句做定
语的知识.如:Put it in the top drawer.(把它放在最上层的抽屉里.) / France and Switzerland
are European countries. (法国和瑞士是欧洲国家.) / His mother and father are both
college teachers.(他的父母都是大学教师.) / This is the day that I can never forget
in my life.(这是我一辈子难忘的日子.)
(2) 单词做定语时一般放在被修饰的名词前面,而且有一定的次序:
冠词/
物代\x09年龄/形状/
大小/温度\x09色彩\x09来源\x09质地/
材料\x09目的/
用途\x09被修饰的名词(中心词)
a
the
my
his
…\x09old,young,…\x09red,
yellow,
blue,
…\x09Chinese,
English,
American,
…\x09wooden,
woolen,
glass,
silk,
paper
…\x09meeting,
tennis,
sports,
reading,
swimming,
…\x09box,
shoes,
room,
pig

\x09long,short,
round, square…\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09
\x09big, large,
small, little…\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09
\x09hot, cold,
warm, cool…\x09\x09\x09\x09\x09
(3)
时间副词(now,then,today,yesterday,...)、地点副词(here,there,back,in,out,home,...作
定语时放在被修饰的名词后面.如:I could not find my way out, so I stayed there all
along. (我找不到出去的路,所以就一直呆在那儿.)
(4) 介词短语修饰名词时只能放在名词的后面:The monkey in the cage was caught yesterday. (笼子里的猴子是昨天逮着的.)
(5) 形容词修饰复合不定代词时,往往后置.如:He remembered everything unusual. (他记得所有不寻常的事情.)
(6) 定语还可以用从句充当,详见 定语从句.
(7) 注意:由于定语属于修饰性的成分,因此它常归入主语、宾语、表语之中,不作为句子的主要成分.
6、状语:
(1)
说明动作“何时”、“何地”、“如何”发生,或者说明形容词或副词的程度,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式、状语从句等充当.如:I was not
born yesterday.(我又不是昨天才出世的娃娃.)/ For many of these families a college
ecation was something new.(对其中的许多家庭来说,大学教育是件新事物.)/ He woke up to find
his house on fire.(他醒来发现房子着火了.) / You cannot leave until your work is
finished.(在你的工作被完成以前你不能离开)
(2)
副词作状语位置较为灵活,详见《六•2》“副词在句子中的位置以及作用”;介词短语作状语,位置基本固定,详见《七•4》“介词短语在句子中的位置”;不
定式作状语,一般表示目的、结果,详见《八•7》“动词的非谓语形式”;从句作状语,详见《主从复合句》的“状语从句”.
(3)
多个状语相连时,一般先单词、后短语,先地点、后时间,先小概念、后大概念.如:He went ouf of the room at a
quarter to 23:00 last night and then disappeared into the
dark.(他昨夜22点3刻从房间里出来,然后消失在黑暗之中.) /
(4) 状语还可以用从句来充当,有时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句等.详见“状语从句”.
(5) 注意:由于状语属于修饰性的成分,常归入谓语,因此不作为句子的主要成分.
7、宾语补足语:
(1)
补充说明宾语的动作、状态的成分为宾语补足语,常由名词、形容词、动词非谓语形式(不定式、现在分词、过去分词等)、介词短语等充当.如:Call
him Jim, please. (请叫他Jim.) / I tried my best to make him happy.
(我竭尽所能让他开心.) / Ask her to come to dinner tomorrow. (请他明天来.) / He let the
smaller animals bring food to him. (他让小动物们给他带食物来.)
(2) 部分表示位置、方向的副词也可以作宾语补足语.如:Let him in, I tell you! (我跟你说,让他进来!)/ Please put it away. (请把它收起来.)
(3) 不定式或分词作宾语补足语的情况 (略)

❺ 初三英语短语and语法归纳

and是英语中使用频率极高的连词,用来连接词、短语和句子。 笔者根据九年制义务教育初中英语新教材,试就and的用法进行归纳, 以利于读者理解与掌握。

一、and连接两个数词或连接百位和十位之间的数词, 前者可译为“加”,后者则不译。如:

What's one and two?一加二是多少?

There are three hundred and sixty-five days in a year.一年有365天。

二、and用于固定词组或结构中 如:

Both John and Ann have got pen friends.约翰和安都有笔友。

The museum is between the post office and the hospital. 博物馆位于邮局和医院之间。

I love autumn because it's nice and cool.我喜爱秋天, 因为它很凉爽。

三、表示条件和结果 在祈使句后,常用and连接一个简单句, 表示条件与结果的关系,它们在语法上是并列关系,但在意义上却是主从关系,也可译为“如果……就……”。如:

Work hard and you will live happily.=If you work hard,you will live happily.如果你努力工作,你就会活得愉快。

Come early and you will see him.=If you come early, you will see him.如果你早来的话,你就会见到他。

四、表示承接关系 and用在句首,起承上启下的作用, 可译为“因此”、“那么”、“于是”等,也可不译。如:

And what's this?那么这是什么呢?

And the air today is nice and clean.今天的空气真清新。

五、表示动词的先后关系 and常用来连接两个动词或动词词组,后一个动词所表示的动作发生得迟一点

。此时and相当于then, 可译为“然后”。如:

Then he got out of the lift and climbed up to the fifteenth floor on foot.于是他从电梯里走出来,然后步行爬上第15层楼。

Go along the street,and take the third turning on the right.沿这条街走,然后在第三个路口向右拐。[小精灵儿童网站]

六、表示动作上的伴随关系 and连接两个动词, 动作同时发生,前一个动词表示姿势或状态, 后一个动词表示伴随动作, and 相当于while,可译为“边……边……”。如:

They talked and laughed happily.他们愉快地边谈边笑。

The baby watched and listened.这个婴儿边看边听。

七、表示因果关系 and连接两个动词或两个分句, 带有因果关系,此时and相当于so,可译为“便”、“于是”、“因而”、 “结果”等。如:

She couldn't find her mother and began to cry.她找不到妈妈,于是哭了起来。

It's a fine day today, and everyone is busy. 今天是个好天气,因而人人都很忙。

八、表示意义上的增补 and连接两个分句, 第二个分句是第一个分句的补充或进一步说明,可译为“又”、“同时”等。如:

If you want to be thinner and healthier, you have to eat less food—and you also have to take more exercise. 如果你想既苗条又健康,你就得少吃食物——同时,你还得多进行运动。

Don't be late—Oh, and put on your old clothes.别迟到——噢,还要穿上你的旧衣服。

九、表示递进与转折 and表示转折时,相当于but,但语气较弱,可译为“而且”、“可是”、“不过” 或不译。如:

I mean you eat too much, and you don't take enough exercise.我的意思是你吃的太多,而且运动得不够。

They call me Lily sometimes, and I don't always tell them that they've made a mistake.他们有时叫我莉莉,但我并不总是告诉他们说他们弄错了。

十、表示强调,加强语气 用and 连接两个相同的动词表示动作的反复;用and连接两个相同的副词,表示动作的延续;用and连接同一个形容词或副词的比较级表示程度的逐步加深。如:

The baby laughed and laughed.这个婴儿笑呀,笑个不停。

They talked on and on very happily.他们很高兴地谈了又谈。
She looked at me and cried harder and harder.她看着我, 哭得越来越厉害。

十一、and有时连接两个反义词 and连接的两个反义词在句中作状语或后置定语,这两个词的次序不得颠倒。如:

He uses a lift to go up and down.他乘电梯上楼下楼。

When Christ was born nearly two thousand years ago. many people, rich and poor, gave him presents.差不多两千年前, 耶稣出生时,许多人,无论贫富,都给他礼物。

十二、表示并列或对称的关系 and可以用来连接语法作用相同的词、短语或句子,可译为“和”、“并”、“又”、“兼”等。如:

Lucy and I go to school five days a week. 我和露西每周上五天学。(连接两个并列主语)

You must look after yourself and keep healthy.你必须照顾自己并保持身体健康。(连接两个并列谓语)

They teach us Chinese and we teach them English.他们教我们汉语,我们教他们英语。(连接两个简单句)

如果连接两个以上的词语,通常把and放在最后一个词语前面; 为了强调,可在两者之间分别加上and;把词语连接起来时, 通常把较短的词语放在前面。如:

I like eggs,meat,rice,bread and milk.我喜欢鸡蛋、肉、米饭、面包和牛奶。

All that afternoon I jumped and sang and did all kinds of things.那天整个下午我又唱又跳,做各种各样的事情。

The apples are big and delicious.苹果又大又好吃。

有些用and连接的词语,次序是固定的,不能随意改变。如:

men,women and children男人、妇女和儿童;fish and chips 炸鱼加炸土豆片等。

十三、表示目的 在口语中,and常用在go,come,try等动词后连接另一个动词,表示目的。此时and相当于to,不必译出。如:

Go and see!去看看!

Come and meet the family.来见见这家人。

❻ 初中英语语法重点单词归纳

语法要精,就用奥风!建议网络 中考语法完全突破 视频教程看看,绝对是最给版力的教程,配有权记忆大纲和精编中考语法专项练习,三件一套,所以又叫中学语法三剑客,学记练习一体而又各自独立,非常棒果。词汇方面可以试试 中考词汇篇章式记忆,采用情景式和篇章式记忆为主导,将单词融入一篇篇优美的短文,并配有MP3。

❼ 初三英语语法总结~~~~

句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语
1、主语:
(1)由名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、动名词等充当,说明动作是“谁”发出的,主语是句子陈述的对象,说明是谁或什么,表示句子说的是“什么人”,或”什么事“,如“我写字”中的“我”,做出写字这个动作。“写”则是谓语,“字”是宾语,是接受谓语“写”这个动作的对象,因此是宾语。如:The painter painted a very nice picture. (画家画了一幅漂亮的画。) / They fought against SARS bravely. (他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。) / To see is to believe. (耳听为虚眼见为实). / Helping animals is to help people. (帮助动物就是帮助人类。)
(2)动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替,而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语之后。如:It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat ring the long journey. (在长途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了。) / Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多对你的身体不利。)(比较好看,避免头重脚轻)
(3)口语中常见主语或“主--系”省略:(It is) nothing. ((那)没有什么。)/ (It) doesn’t matter. ((那)没有关系。) / (I) thank you. ((我)谢谢你。)
(4)反意问句的附加问句,主语必须是代词:The man looks worried, doesn’t he? (这个人看上去很着急不是吗?) / Tigers are dangerous animals, aren’t they? (老虎是危险的动物不是吗?)
(5)祈使句一般省略主语。加主语时往往用来指定某个人。Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子们请保持键盘的清洁。) (省略了主语) / You go there and fetch me a glass of water. (你去给我弄一杯水来。)
(6)主语一般在句首,但在问句中会处于第二位和句尾;倒装句及there be句型主语在动词之后。如:Computers are made in this factory. (计算机生产于这家工厂。) / Where are they? (他们在哪儿?) / Does the boy like staying home? (这个男孩喜欢呆在家里吗?)
(7)主语与谓语必须保持单、复数的一致, 而谓语与表语或宾语之间没有这一要求。Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam. (Jim和Rose都没有通过考试。) / The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave people. (中华民族是一个勤劳勇敢的民族。)
(8)主语可以由从句充当,详见“主语从句”。

2、谓语:是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”,“是什么”或“怎么样”,在主语后接宾语,又称受词,是一个动作的接受者。
(1)由“不及物动词”、“及物动词+宾语”或“系动词+表语”等构成,说明主语所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么样”。如:
He travelled in space for the first time .(他首次在太空旅行。) / Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语?) / The pizza has gone bad. (那块烤馅饼已经变坏。) /
(2)谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息,谓语动词往往由下列词语依序排列构成:[情态动词]+[时态助动词](现在完成时)+[语态助动词](如被动语态)+[主要动词](不一定全部出现)。(见动词的时态和语态构成表)记住:谓语部分第一个动词往往是变形动词。如:
I am sorry I am making so much noise but I have to. (对不起我发出了太大的声音但是只能这样。) / He can’t have finished reading the 800-page-long novel. (他不可能读完了那本长达800页的小说。) / Something must be done to stop the fowl flu from spreading out. (该采取措施防止禽流感蔓延。)
(3)谓语动词切忌用“行为动词1 + 原形动词”、“be + 原形动词”。
记住使用下列正确形式:
①情态动词+原形动词。如:You’d better go over the lesson.(你最好复习这一课。)
②shall/ will/ would+原形动词。如:They should have been there once.(他们应该去过那儿。)
③be+现在分词或者过去分词。如:What are you doing this evening?(今晚你打算做什么?)---表示一般将来时/ Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.(自从20世纪70年代大批树木被砍伐。)
④have+过去分词。如:Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.(意思同上)
⑤一般时问句和否定句中:do/does/did+原形动词。如:He does not enjoy himself very much.(他日子过的不好。)/ Did any of you see dinosaur eggs?(你们当中有谁见过恐龙蛋吗?)
⑥行为动词1+行为动词2 (不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词等形式)。如:He made up his mind to be a vet.(他拿定主意要做个兽医。)/ Feeling good about yourself is essential to feeling good about life.(自尊自爱是享受生活的根本。)/ They wake up the other family members, calling,“Merry Christmas!”(他们叫醒家庭的其他成员,呼喊着:圣诞快乐!)/ The kings of ancient Egypt had strong tombs built for themselves.(古代的埃及国王让人给他们自己修建坚固的坟墓。)
(4)不可用形容词、名词、代词、副词、介词短语等独立作谓语,必须在此之前加连系动词。
(5)谓语动词单复数形式:单数形式的动词有:is,was,has,does以及“动词+s”;复数形式的动词有:are,were,have以及动词原形。其他动词不分单、复数。
谓语部分第一个动词的形式 单数形式 复数形式
一般现在时be(是)动词;
现在某些时态和语态的助动词be am (单一); are (单二); is (单三); are
一般过去时be(是)动词;
过去某些时态和语态的助动词be was (单一); were (单二); was;(单三) were
一般现在时have(有)动词;
现在完成时态的助动词have have (单一); have (单二); has (单三); have
一般现在时行为动词和助动词do do (单一、单二); does (单三) do
实意动词和连系动词的一般现在时动词(否定和疑问句除外) 原形动词(单一、单二); 动词+s /es (单三) 原形动词
其他各时态语态的谓语动词 单复数形式相同
记住:主语、谓语单复数必须保持一致。(参见“4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题:”) Air and water is necessary to us all.(空气和水对于我们大家是必不可少的。)
(6)一般问句和反意问句的回答不使用行为动词,应该使用“是”动词、情态动词、助动词(be,will,have,do以及变形)。如:The Olympic Games is held every other year, isn’t it? ----Yes, it is.(奥运会每两年举办一次,是吗?----是的。)
3、宾语:又称受词,是指一个动作(动词)的接受者。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语两大类,其中直接宾语(经常指被做的人)指动作的直接对象,间接宾语说明动作的非直接,但受动作影响的对象。一般而言,及物动词后面最少要有一个宾语,而该宾语通常为直接宾语,有些及物动词要求两个宾语,则这两个宾语通常一个为直接宾语,另一个为间接宾语。
(1) 由名词、代词(人称代词要用宾格)、不定式、动名词、(宾语)从句充当,表示动作的承受者是“谁”或者是“何物”。如: The angel also came to Joseph and told him the same thing.(那个天使同样来到约瑟夫面前并且告诉他同样的事情。)(代词和名词充当两个宾语) / He told me that the company could not afford to pay him so much money.(他告诉我说公司付不起他那么多的钱。) (不定式作宾语) / They enjoy watching football games so much that they often forget their lessons. (他们如此喜爱看足球以至于常常忘记了他们的功课。) (动名词作宾语) / I think to be a children’s doctor is very rewarding.(我认为当个儿童医生是很值得的。) (从句作宾语)
(2) 只有及物动词或介词才有宾语,不及物动词没有宾语,如果涉及到事物,则必须在不及物动词后面加合适的介词。Listen to the radio. (listen不是及物动词,故加to。) / Can you hear anything exciting?(你能听到什么令人兴奋的消息吗?)
(3) 宾语一般放在及物动词或介词的后面,但是在疑问句中,如果宾语是疑问词,则宾语要放在句首。介词的宾语如果是疑问词,则可以放在介词后或句首。如:What did he see? (他看见了什么?) / What does he write a letter with? (他用什么写的信?) / With what does he write a letter? (他用什么写的信?)
(4)“动词+副词+宾语”结构中,如果宾语是代词,则代词必须放在“动”“副”之间。如:Please put the shoes away. (请把鞋子收起来。) / Please put away the shoes. (请把鞋子收起来。) / Please put them away. (请把它们收起来。)
(5) 动词后面跟双宾语时可以采用两种结构:
①动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)。如:He often gives me some help. (他常常帮我。)
②动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语。注意,一般情况介词用to,但动词是make, buy, borrow时,介词用for.如: Please make me a kite. (请给我做个风筝。)或Please make a kite for me.
(6) 在“动词+宾语+宾补”结构中,如果宾语是不定式、动名词、宾语从句,则常用it做形式宾语,而将实际的宾语移到补语后面去。如:I found the job rather difficult. (我发觉这个工作相当难做。) / I found it rather difficult to do the job.
(7) 宾语可以由从句充当,详见“宾语从句”。

4、表语:
(1) 说明主语的身份、性质、状况等含义的成分,通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、代词等充当。如:He became a doctor after he left high school.(高中毕业他当上了医生。) / The rubber wheels are over there.(橡胶轮子在那边。) / He does not feel like eating anything today because he has caught a bad cold.(他今天不想吃任何东西因为他得了重感冒。) / Who is it?(谁呀?)
(2) 表语只能放在连系动词(如:be,look,become,turn get,grow,feel,seem) 之后,对表语进行提问的句子除外。
(3) 代词做表语一般用主格,口语中常用宾。如:It’s I. (It’s me.)是我。
(4) 只能作表语的形容词有:sorry,afraid,alone,asleep,awake,ill,well,sure,interested等等。He was terribly sorry for his carelessness.(他很为他的粗心而歉疚。) / Please make no noise here; the baby is asleep.(请不要发出响动,婴儿正熟睡呢。) / I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!(我只是对独坐孤舟无所事事感兴趣。) / I am not alone in thinking so.(并非只有我才这样想的。)
(5) 表语也可以由从句充当,详见“表语从句”。

5、定语:
(1) 修饰名词或代词的成分,常由形容词、名词(含所有格)、代词(物主、指示、疑问、不定)、介词短语、不定式(短语)充当,在初三阶段还学习了定语从句做定语的知识。如:Put it in the top drawer.(把它放在最上层的抽屉里。) / France and Switzerland are European countries. (法国和瑞士是欧洲国家。) / His mother and father are both college teachers.(他的父母都是大学教师。) / This is the day that I can never forget in my life.(这是我一辈子难忘的日子。)
(2) 单词做定语时一般放在被修饰的名词前面,而且有一定的次序:
冠词/
物代 年龄/形状/
大小/温度 色彩 来源 质地/
材料 目的/
用途 被修饰的名词(中心词)
a
the
my
his
… old,young,… red,
yellow,
blue,
… Chinese,
English,
American,
… wooden,
woolen,
glass,
silk,
paper
… meeting,
tennis,
sports,
reading,
swimming,
… box,
shoes,
room,
pig

long,short,
round, square…
big, large,
small, little…
hot, cold,
warm, cool…
(3) 时间副词(now,then,today,yesterday,...)、地点副词(here,there,back,in,out,home,...作定语时放在被修饰的名词后面。如:I could not find my way out, so I stayed there all along. (我找不到出去的路,所以就一直呆在那儿。)
(4) 介词短语修饰名词时只能放在名词的后面:The monkey in the cage was caught yesterday. (笼子里的猴子是昨天逮着的。)
(5) 形容词修饰复合不定代词时,往往后置。如:He remembered everything unusual. (他记得所有不寻常的事情。)
(6) 定语还可以用从句充当,详见 定语从句。
(7) 注意:由于定语属于修饰性的成分,因此它常归入主语、宾语、表语之中,不作为句子的主要成分。

6、状语:
(1) 说明动作“何时”、“何地”、“如何”发生,或者说明形容词或副词的程度,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式、状语从句等充当。如:I was not born yesterday.(我又不是昨天才出世的娃娃。)/ For many of these families a college ecation was something new.(对其中的许多家庭来说,大学教育是件新事物。)/ He woke up to find his house on fire.(他醒来发现房子着火了。) / You cannot leave until your work is finished.(在你的工作被完成以前你不能离开)
(2) 副词作状语位置较为灵活,详见《六•2》“副词在句子中的位置以及作用”;介词短语作状语,位置基本固定,详见《七•4》“介词短语在句子中的位置”;不定式作状语,一般表示目的、结果,详见《八•7》“动词的非谓语形式”;从句作状语,详见《主从复合句》的“状语从句”。
(3) 多个状语相连时,一般先单词、后短语,先地点、后时间,先小概念、后大概念。如:He went ouf of the room at a quarter to 23:00 last night and then disappeared into the dark.(他昨夜22点3刻从房间里出来,然后消失在黑暗之中。) /
(4) 状语还可以用从句来充当,有时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句等。详见“状语从句”。
(5) 注意:由于状语属于修饰性的成分,常归入谓语,因此不作为句子的主要成分。

7、宾语补足语:
(1) 补充说明宾语的动作、状态的成分为宾语补足语,常由名词、形容词、动词非谓语形式(不定式、现在分词、过去分词等)、介词短语等充当。如:Call him Jim, please. (请叫他Jim。) / I tried my best to make him happy. (我竭尽所能让他开心。) / Ask her to come to dinner tomorrow. (请他明天来。) / He let the smaller animals bring food to him. (他让小动物们给他带食物来。)
(2) 部分表示位置、方向的副词也可以作宾语补足语。如:Let him in, I tell you! (我跟你说,让他进来!)/ Please put it away. (请把它收起来。)
(3) 不定式或分词作宾语补足语的情况 (略)

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