❶ 求初二上册英语语法要点
初二年级（上）知识点，希望能帮到你
【知识梳理】
I.重点短语
1. on time
2. best wishes
3. give a talk
4. for example
5. short for
6. a waste of time
7. go on a field trip
8. go fishing
9. I agree
10. next week
11. the day after tomorrow
12. have a picnic
13. have some problems doing sth.
14. go the wrong way
15. hurry up
16. get together
17. in the openair
18. on Mid-AutumnDay
19. come over
20. have to
21. get home
22. agree with
23. in the country
24. in town
25. all the same
26. in front of
27. on theleft/right side
28. next to
29. up and down
30. keep healthy
31. grow up
32. at the sametime
33. the day beforeyesterday
35. last Saturday
36. half an hourago
37. a moment ago
38. just now
39. by the way
40. all the time
41. at first
II. 重要句型
1. have fun doing sth.
2. Why don’t you…?
3. We’regoing to do sth.
4. startwith sth.
5. Whynot…?
6. Areyou going to…?
7. befriendly to sb.
8. You’dbetter do sth.
9. asksb. for sth.
10. saygoodbye to sb.
11. Goodluck(with sb)!
III. 交际用语
1.Welcome backto school!
2.Excuse me. I’m sorry I’m late,because the traffic is bad.
3.It doesn’t matter.
4.Happy Teachers’ Day !
5.That’s a good idea.
6.What are you going to do？
7.Where are we going ?
8.What are we going to do ?
9.I’mgood at…
10.It’snot far from…
11. Areyou free tomorrow evening?
12.Would you and Lily like to come over to myhome for Mid-Autumn Festival?
13.I’m glad you can come.
14.Thanks for asking us.
15.How about another one?
16.May Ihave a taste?
17.Let me walk with you.
18.What do you have to do?
19.Do you live on a farm?
20.Which do you like better, the city or thecountry?
21.Which do you like best, dogs, cats orchickens?
22.Shall we go at ten? Good idea!
23.---Let’s make it half past one. ---OK.
24.---Why not come a little earlier? ---Allright.
25.Excuseme. Where’s the nearest post office, please?
26.It’s overthere on the right.
27.I’msorry I don’t know.
28.You’dbetter…
29.Thankyou all the same.
30.Whichbus do I take?
31.Goalong this road.
32.Whatday was it yesterday?
33.I’msorry to hear that.
34.I hopeyou’re better now.
35.Whydid you call me?
36.Icalled to tell…
IV. 重要语法
1.be going to的用法；
2.形容词的比较级、最高级；
3.形容词和副词的比较
4.一般过去时
【名师讲解】
1. on the street / in the street
表示“在街上”时，on the street 和 in the street 都可以，在美国多用on the street, 在英国多用in the street. 例如：
Wehave a house in the street. 我们在街上有座房子。
Imet him on the street. 我在街上遇见了他。
2. would like / like
would like和 like含义不同。like意思是“喜欢”，“爱好”，而 would like意思是“想要”。试比较：
Ilike beer.=I’m fond of beer. 我喜欢喝啤酒。
I’dlike a glass of beer= I want a glass of beer. 我想要一杯啤酒。
Doyou like going to the cinema? 你喜欢看电影吗？
Wouldyou like to go to the cinema tonight? 你今晚想去看电影吗？
3. another / theother
(1)another通常用于三个或三个以上或不确定数量中的任意一个人或 物体。 例如：
May I have anotherapple, please? 请在给我一个苹果好吗？
This coat is too small for me. Please show me another这件外套我穿太小，请再给我拿一件看看。
(2)the other 通常指两者中的另一个。例如：
He has two rulers. One is short. The other is long. 他有两把尺子，一把短的，另一把长的。
I have two brothers. One works in Xi’an. The other works in Beijing.我有两个兄弟，一个在西安工作，另一个在北京工作。
4. have to /must
(1)have to和 must都可以用来谈论义务，但用法略有不同。如果某人主观上觉得必须去做而又想去时，常用must。如果谈论某种来自“外界”的义务，常用have to。例如：
Imust stop smoking. 我必须戒烟。（自己想戒烟）
Theyhave to work for the boss.
他们不得不为那个老板工作。（条件逼得他们去工作）
(2)have to 可用于多种时态，must只能用于一般现在时。例如：
I’llhave to get up early tomorrow morning.明天早晨我必须早早起床。
Wehad to work long hours every day in order to get more money.
为了多挣钱，我们不得不每天长时间地工作。
(3)用于否定句时，mustn’t意思是“决不能”，“禁止”，而don’t have to意思是“不必”，相当于needn’t。例如：
You mustn’t be late again next time.下一次你决不能再迟到。
You don’t have to go there today. You cango there tomorrow.
你今天不必到那里去了。你可以明天去。
5. hear sb. orsth.doing sth. / herar sb. or sth. do sth.
hear sb. or sth.doing sth.意思是“听到某人或某物在做某事”，而hear sb. or sth. do sth.意思是“听到某人或某物做过某事”。试比较：
Ihear him singing an English song.听见他在唱英歌曲。
Iheard him sing an English song.我听见他唱一首英文歌。
类似hear 这种用法的还有see, watch, listen, feel等感官动词。
6. any /some
any和some 都可以同不可数名词和可数名词的复数形式连用，但some一般用在肯定句中；any用在疑问句和否定句中。试比较：
I want some money. 我想要点钱。
Have you any money? 你有钱吗？
I don’t have any money. 我一点钱也没有。
some 有时也用于疑问句，表示说话人期待一个肯定回答或鼓励人家说“是”。例如：
Would you like some more beer?请你再来点啤酒好吗？
Could I have some rice, please?请给我来点米饭好吗？
7. hear /listen to
listen to 和hear都有“听”的意思，但含义有所不同。Listen to强调“听”的动作，hear强调“听”的结果。例如：
Listen to me ,please! I’m going to tell youa story. 请听我说！我给你们讲个故事。
Listen! Can you hear someone crying in thenext room? 听！你能听见有人在隔壁房间里哭吗？
I listened, but heard nothing.我听了听，但什么也听不见。
hear 后面如果接宾语从句，常常表示“听说”。例如：
I hear some foreign students will visit ourschool.我听说一些外国学生将要访问我们学校。
I hear there is going to be a film in ourschool this evening.我听说今晚我们学校要演一场电影。
8. Let’s… /Let us…
Let’s… 和Let us… 都表示“让我们……”,如果us 包括听话人在内，其含义相同，附带问句用shall we. 如果us 不包括听话人在内，其含义不同，Let us…的附带问句要用will you。例如：
Let’s go shopping, shall we? 我们去购物好吗？
9. take/ bring/ carry /get
这四个动词都有“拿”和“带”的意思，但含义有所不同。take意为“带走”，“拿走”，bring意为“带来”，“拿来”,get表示“到别的地方把某人或某物带来或拿来”，carry不强调方向，带有负重的意思。试比较：
My parents often take me there onholidays.我父母常常带我到那里去度假。
I’m going to take you to Beijing.我准备带你去北京。
Bring me a cup of tea, please.请给我端杯茶来。
I’ll bring the book to youtomorrow.明天我把那本书给你带来。
The waiter carried the me to thetable服务员把肉送到桌上。
The monkey carried the bag on herback.猴子把那个包背在背上。
She went back to get her handbag.他折回去拿他的手提包。
Let me get the doctor.让我去请医生吧。
10. far away /faraway
(1)faraway是一个副词短语，意思是“很远”。例如：
Some are far away. Some arenearer.有些离得很远，有些离得近一些的。
The village is far away from here.那个村子离这儿很远。
(2)faraway是一个形容词，意思是“遥远的”，可以在句中作定语。例如：
He lives in faraway mountainvillage.他住在一个遥远的小山村。
11. find / look for
find和lookfor 都有“找”的意思，但含义不同。find 强调“找”的结果，而lookfor 强调“找”的过程。请看下列例句：
He is looking for his bike.他在找他的自行车。
I’m looking for my watch, butcan’t find it.我在找我的手表，但是找不到。
I hope you will soon find yourlost ring.希望你尽快找到丢失的戒指。
另外，find还有“发现”；“感到”等意思。例如：
I found a wallet in the desk.我在课桌里发现了一个钱包。
I find this book very interesting.我觉得这本书很有意思。
12. in front of /in the front of
In front of 表示在某物的前面，不在某物的范围内。In the front of 表示在某物的前部，在某物的范围内。试比较：
My seat is in front of Mary’s.我的座位在玛丽座位的前面。
He is sitting in the front of thecar with the driver.他和司机坐在小车的前部。
❷ 初二英语上的所有语法点
1nbsp;(seenbsp;、hearnbsp;、noticenbsp;、findnbsp;、feelnbsp;、listennbsp;tonbsp;、nbsp;looknbsp;atnbsp;(感官动词)+nbsp;donbsp;egnbsp;:Inbsp;likenbsp;watchingnbsp;monkeysnbsp;jumpnbsp;2nbsp;（比较级nbsp;andnbsp;比较级）nbsp;表示越来越怎么样nbsp;3nbsp;anbsp;piecenbsp;ofnbsp;cakenbsp;=easynbsp;小菜一碟（容易）nbsp;4nbsp;agreenbsp;withnbsp;sbnbsp;赞成某人nbsp;5nbsp;allnbsp;kindsnbsp;ofnbsp;各种各样nbsp;anbsp;kindnbsp;ofnbsp;一样nbsp;6nbsp;allnbsp;overnbsp;thenbsp;worldnbsp;=nbsp;thenbsp;wholenbsp;worldnbsp;整个nbsp;世界nbsp;7nbsp;alongnbsp;withnbsp;同……一道，伴随……nbsp;egnbsp;:nbsp;Inbsp;willnbsp;gonbsp;alongnbsp;withnbsp;younbsp;我将和你一起去nbsp;thenbsp;studentsnbsp;plantednbsp;treesnbsp;alongnbsp;withnbsp;theirnbsp;teachersnbsp;学生同老师们一起种树nbsp;8nbsp;Asnbsp;soonnbsp;asnbsp;一怎么样就怎么样nbsp;9nbsp;asnbsp;younbsp;cannbsp;seenbsp;你是知道的nbsp;10nbsp;asknbsp;fornbsp;……求助nbsp;向…要…（直接接想要的东西）nbsp;egnbsp;:nbsp;asknbsp;younbsp;fornbsp;mynbsp;booknbsp;11nbsp;asknbsp;sbnbsp;fornbsp;sthnbsp;向某人什么nbsp;12nbsp;asknbsp;sbnbsp;tonbsp;donbsp;sthnbsp;询问某人某事nbsp;asknbsp;sbnbsp;notnbsp;tonbsp;donbsp;叫某人不要做某事nbsp;13nbsp;atnbsp;thenbsp;agenbsp;ofnbsp;在……岁时nbsp;eg：Inbsp;amnbsp;sixteennbsp;Inbsp;amnbsp;atnbsp;thenbsp;agenbsp;ofnbsp;sixteennbsp;14nbsp;atnbsp;thenbsp;beginningnbsp;ofnbsp;……nbsp;……的起初；……的开始nbsp;15nbsp;atnbsp;thenbsp;endnbsp;ofnbsp;+地点/+时间nbsp;最后；尽头；末尾nbsp;egnbsp;:nbsp;Atnbsp;thenbsp;endnbsp;ofnbsp;thenbsp;daynbsp;16nbsp;atnbsp;thisnbsp;timenbsp;ofnbsp;yearnbsp;在每年的这个时候nbsp;17nbsp;benbsp;/feelnbsp;confidentnbsp;ofnbsp;sthnbsp;/thatnbsp;clausenbsp;+从句nbsp;感觉/对什么有信心，自信nbsp;egnbsp;:nbsp;Inbsp;amnbsp;/nbsp;feelnbsp;confidentnbsp;ofnbsp;mynbsp;spokennbsp;Englishnbsp;Inbsp;feelnbsp;thatnbsp;Inbsp;cannbsp;passnbsp;thenbsp;testnbsp;18nbsp;benbsp;+nbsp;doingnbsp;表：1nbsp;现在进行时nbsp;2nbsp;将来时nbsp;19nbsp;benbsp;ablenbsp;tonbsp;(+nbsp;vnbsp;原)nbsp;=nbsp;cannbsp;(+nbsp;vnbsp;原）nbsp;能够……nbsp;egnbsp;:nbsp;Shenbsp;isnbsp;ablenbsp;tonbsp;singnbsp;Shenbsp;cannbsp;singnbsp;20nbsp;benbsp;ablenbsp;tonbsp;donbsp;sthnbsp;能够干什么nbsp;egnbsp;:shenbsp;isnbsp;ablenbsp;tonbsp;singnbsp;21nbsp;benbsp;afraidnbsp;tonbsp;donbsp;(ofnbsp;sthnbsp;)nbsp;恐惧，害怕……nbsp;egnbsp;:nbsp;I‘mnbsp;afraednbsp;tonbsp;gonbsp;outnbsp;atnbsp;nightnbsp;I‘mnbsp;afraidnbsp;ofnbsp;dognbsp;22nbsp;benbsp;allowednbsp;tonbsp;donbsp;被允许做什么nbsp;eg:nbsp;I‘mnbsp;allowednbsp;tonbsp;watchnbsp;TVnbsp;我被允许看电视nbsp;Inbsp;shouldnbsp;benbsp;allowednbsp;tonbsp;watchnbsp;TVnbsp;我应该被允许看电视nbsp;23nbsp;benbsp;angrynbsp;withnbsp;sbnbsp;生某人的气nbsp;egnbsp;:nbsp;Don‘tnbsp;benbsp;angrynbsp;withnbsp;menbsp;24nbsp;benbsp;angrynbsp;with(at)nbsp;sbnbsp;fornbsp;doingnbsp;sthnbsp;为什么而生某人的气nbsp;25nbsp;benbsp;as…原级…asnbsp;和什么一样nbsp;egnbsp;:nbsp;Shenbsp;isnbsp;asnbsp;tallnbsp;asnbsp;menbsp;她和我一样高nbsp;26nbsp;benbsp;ashamednbsp;tonbsp;27nbsp;benbsp;awaynbsp;fromnbsp;远离nbsp;28nbsp;benbsp;awaynbsp;fromnbsp;从……离开nbsp;29nbsp;benbsp;badnbsp;fornbsp;对什么有害nbsp;egnbsp;:nbsp;Readingnbsp;booksnbsp;innbsp;thenbsp;sunnbsp;isnbsp;badnbsp;fornbsp;yournbsp;eyesnbsp;在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好nbsp;30nbsp;benbsp;bornnbsp;出生于nbsp;31nbsp;benbsp;busynbsp;doingnbsp;sthnbsp;忙于做什么事nbsp;benbsp;busynbsp;withnbsp;sthnbsp;忙于……nbsp;32nbsp;benbsp;carefulnbsp;当心；小心nbsp;33nbsp;benbsp;differentnbsp;from……nbsp;和什么不一样nbsp;34nbsp;benbsp;famousnbsp;fornbsp;以……著名nbsp;35nbsp;benbsp;friendlynbsp;tonbsp;sbnbsp;对某人友好nbsp;36nbsp;benbsp;fromnbsp;=nbsp;comenbsp;fromnbsp;来自nbsp;egnbsp;：Henbsp;isnbsp;fromnbsp;Bej
❸ 初二上册英语语法总结
一. 宾语从句的种类
宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语
和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?
3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
二. 宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：
I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.
三. 宾语从句的时态
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。
I don’t think (that) you are right.
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）
He asked what time it was.
3. 如果宾从陈述的是客观真理，时态常用一般现在时
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.
语法定义：在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
I．语序的使用
分为以下五种句型结构：
1）连接词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有： who，what，which等。如：
Excuse me,could you tell me which is the way to restrooms,please?劳驾能告诉我去洗手间的路是哪一条？
He doesn't know who lives over there ．他不知道谁住那边
2）连接词＋名词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：
He asked whose bag this was ．他问这是谁的书包。
I wonder how much water there is in the glass．我想知道杯里有多少水
3）连接词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who（m），what，which，how many，how much， when，why，how，where，if(一般用于口语) ／whether（与同音词weather;“天气”的拼写区别,写在句中不充当任何成分）等。如：
He couldn’t decide if he would buy them．他不能决定是否将买他们。
Could you tell me how I should come up with the problem ？你能告诉我我该怎样解决这个问题？
4）连接词＋名词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：
I don’t know how many books he has？我不知道他有多少本书？
He didn’t understand which book I was looking for．他不明白我在找哪一本书。
5) 连接词+动词不定式(to+V 动词原形)+... 连接词可以是关系代词和关系副词,what, whose. Which,how long,whom ,who …etc.
Eg:I wonder how to use the computer.我期盼怎样使用电脑
❹ 初二英语新目标上学期语法要点
初二英语语法知识重点总结
一、知识强化
1．掌握本单元的重点词汇及句型。
2．谈论最好做某事和正确做某事，培养提高自己的交际能力。
3．正确使用should和ought to。
二、重难点知识讲解
1．First, we decided to elect the chief editor. 首先我们决定选出主编。
decide 动词，意为“决定”，常用结构：
decide (not) to do sth. 决定(不)做某事
decide on doing sth 决定做某事
decide + 疑问代词/副词＋不定式 决定……
decide＋从句 决定……
e.g.I decided to go to Beijing on Monday.
我决定星期一去北京。
He has decided on going for a trip next week.
他已决定下周去旅行。
He decided when to go to Beijing.
他已经决定了什么时候去北京。
We decided that we didn’t take part in the basketball match.
我们决定不参加篮球比赛。
2．We should choose Joyce because she has experience.
我们应该选乔伊斯因为她很有经验。
（1）experience n. 经验；经历
①经验(不可数名词)
e.g.He is a math teacher with 5 years’ experience.
他是一名有五年工作经验的数学老师。
②经历(可数名词)
e.g.It was a strange experience.
真是一次奇特的经历。
Please tell us your experiences in America.
请你告诉我们你在美洲的经历。
（2）experience v. 体验；经历
e.g.Our country has experienced great changes in the last thirty years.
我国在过去三十年经历了巨大变化。
3．Then we all voted for her. 然后我们都投票赞成（选乔伊斯为主编）。
vote for sb. 意为“投票赞成某人”。
e.g.I shall vote for Ben because he has experience.
我将投票选本因为他有经验。
Vote for Johnson—the people’s friend!
请投约翰逊一票——他是人民的支持者。
vote against 意为“投票反对”。
e.g.People vote against Henry.
人们投票反对亨利。
4．Then Joyce took charge of the meeting. 于是，乔伊斯主持会议。
take charge of意为“主管，主持；负责”。
e.g.Who will take charge of the meeting?
谁将主持这次会议？
She took charge of the family business after her father died.
父亲去世后，家务事全由她负责。
The department was badly organized until she took charge(of it).
这个部门在她负责管理以前组织工作做得很差。
5．Then the others voted for me. 于是其他人投票选我。
句中的the others指参加会议的除我以外的所有人即：Lucy, Joyce, Tony和Jessica。
辨析：other, the other, the others与another
（1）other表示“其他的”，表示泛指，没有特定的范围。
e.g.Lei Feng always helped other people.
雷锋总是帮助别人。(指其他的任何人)
（2）the other意为“另一个”，一般用于两者之间。其句型为：one…the other…一个……另一个……
e.g.The old man has two sons. One is a soldier, the other is a worker.
那位老人有两个儿子，一个是士兵，另一个是工人。
注意：the other和other后均可加名词，但意思有所不同，“the other＋名词”表示一定范围内除一部分外其余的全部，而“other＋名词”表示除去部分以后的另一些，但不是剩下的全部。
（3）the others 特指一定范围内的其余的全部人或事物。
e.g.I have three pencils. One is long, and the others are short.
我有三支铅笔，一支是长的，另外（两个）是短的。（代词）
（4）another表示三者或三者以上的其他任何一个，意为“再一；又一”。
e.g.Would you like another cup of tea?
你还要一杯茶吗?
6．You will be responsible for different sections of the paper.
你们将负责报纸的不同部分。
be responsible for意为“对……负责”。
e.g.Who is responsible for breaking the mirror?
镜子是谁打破的?
The bus driver is responsible for the passengers safety.
公共汽车司机应对乘客的安全负责。
7．Should it be free for readers, or should they pay for it?
读者应免费阅读还是花钱购买呢？
辨析：pay, spend, cost与take
四个单词都可以表示“花费”，但用法却不尽相同。
（1）pay的基本用法是：
①pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买某物。
e.g.I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.
我每个月要付给他们20英镑的房租。
②pay for sth. 付某物的钱
e.g.I have to pay for the lost book.
我不得不赔偿丢失的书款。
③pay for sb. 替某人付钱
e.g.Don’t worry! I’ll pay for you.
别担心，我会给你付钱的。
（2）spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：
①spend time/ money on sth. 在某物上花费时间/ 金钱。
e.g.I spent two hours on this maths problem.
这道数学题花了我两个小时。
②spend time/ money(in)doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事。
e.g.They spent two years (in) building this bridge.
造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
（3）cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见的用法如下：
①“sth. cost (sb.)＋金钱”表示“某物花了(某人)多少钱”。
e.g.A new computer costs a lot of money.
买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
②“(doing)sth. cost(sb.)＋时间”表示“(做某事)某物花了(某人)多少时间”
e.g.Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.
他花了大量的时间才记住了这些新单词。
（4）take 常见的用法有以下几种：
①“It takes/took sb.＋时间＋ to do sth. ”表示“做某事花了某人多少时间”。
e.g.It took them three years to build this road.
他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
②“doing sth. takes sb.＋时间”表示“做某事花了某人多少时间”。
e.g.Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.
他花了一整下午修这辆小汽车。
8．Well, I usually try to get one for free from outside the library…
哦，我通常试图从图书馆外免费拿一份……
try to do sth.,意为“尽力、设法去做某事”，强调付出一定的努力或想方设法地去完成。
I’ll try to come early tomorrow.
我明天尽量早点儿来。
辨析：try doing sth. 意为“尝试着做某事”，不一定付出很大努力。
e.g.If you like, you can try watching it.
如果你喜欢，你可以试着看一下。
拓展：
①try/do one’s best to do sth.意为“尽某人全力去做某事”。
e.g.We should try our best to practice speaking English.
我们应尽力来练习说英语。
②try on意为“试穿”。
e.g.Can I try it on?
我可以试穿一下吗?
③try也可用作名词，意为“尝试”。
e.g.I can’t open this door—will you have a try?
我打不开这扇门——你来试试行吗?
9．I also have the habit of reading English for half an hour every morning.
我也有每天早上读半小时英语的习惯。
have the habit of doing…意为“有干某事的习惯”。
e.g.My mother has the habit of getting up early.
我妈妈有早起的习惯。
He has habit of smoking ring meals.
他有吃饭时吸烟的习惯。
10．Were you nervous before the speech? 在演讲前你紧张吗?
nervous意为“焦虑的，紧张的”，形容词作表语，可以与动词get/ feel，系动词be连用。
e.g.Don’t be nervous! The doctor just wants to help you.
别紧张!医生只是想帮助你。
I felt very nervous when I went into his office.
当我走进他的办公室时，我感到很紧张。
11．She was on her way to the library to return the books.
她正走在去图书馆还书的路上。
（1）the way to…意为“去……的路”。其中the可以用物主代词替换。如果表示地点的词是副词home, there, here等时，则不用介词to。way为名词，意为“路；道路”，其常用的搭配还有on one’s way to＋n. 或on one’s way＋adv.，意为“在去……的路上”。
e.g.I see some beautiful flowers on my may home.
在回家的路上，我看到一些美丽的花。
On my way to the school I met my head teacher.
上学路上我遇到了班主任。
（2）return在句中意为“归还”，相当于give sth. back.
e.g.Return the book to the library.
把书归还给图书馆。
12．but I haven’t felt lonely at all. 但我一点也不感到孤独。
（1）辨析：lonely与alone
①lonely一般只用作形容词，表示“孤单的，孤独的，寂寞的”，在句中既可作表语，又可作定语。lonely修饰物时，意为“荒凉的”。
e.g.When his wife and two little children left him, he was very lonely.
妻子和两个孩子离他而去后，他很孤独。
This is a lonely mountain village.
这是一个荒凉的小山村。
②alone作形容词时，意为“单独的，独自的；独一无二的”，通常只用作表语。用作副词，表示“独自地，单独地”之意，相当于by oneself。此外，alone用在名词或代词之后，意为“只有，唯有，仅仅”。
e.g.Tom alone knew what had happened.
只有汤姆知道发生了什么事。
③lonely指人孤独寂寞，或指地方荒无人烟，有浓厚的伤感色彩。alone表示“单独，独自一人”，不含感情色彩。
e.g.He doesn’t feel lonely though he lives alone.
尽管他独自生活，但他并不感到孤独。
（2）not…at all 意为“一点……也不；根本不”，是完全否定。
e.g.I don’t like it /them at all. 我根本不喜欢它（它们）。
He can not swim at all. 他根本就不会游泳。
She doesn’t love me at all. 她根本就不爱我。
三、语法点拨——should与ought to的用法
1．一般说来，两者可替换，只是ought to语气稍重。
e.g.You ought to (should) go and see Mary sometime.
你应该什么时候去看看玛丽。
The train ought to (should) have arrived at six.
火车本应该6点钟到的。
Such things ought not to be allowed.
这种事情是不允许的。
2．表示出于法令规则、行为准则、道德责任等客观情况而“应该”做某事时，一般应用ought to，若用should则含有个人意见，强调主观看法。
e.g.We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I don’t think we will.
明天我们按理应该去看看玛丽，但是我认为我们不会去(此句不宜用should)。
3．在公告、须知或条例中，出于礼貌，常用should。如：
e.g.You should not run alongside the swimming-pool.
不准在游泳池边奔跑。
❺ 初二上册英语重点语法有哪些
对于这个问题，如果想学好英语，语法是非常重要的，每个章节中都有grammar这个版部分，这个部分就是你权所要问的语法，那么具体的语法知识点，可以参照书后面的语法讲解进行，如果经济允许的情况下，买些相关的辅导教材。虽然不同版本的教材内容不同，但是英语的语法基本一致。所以要想学好英语，语法肯定少不了。
祝好运！
❻ 求 ！ 初二上册重要英语语法知识点 。。。
初二英语知识点复习(总结版)
1.
take : 拿走
take sb. / sth. to someplace;
take sth. with you
bring: 带来
bring sth for a picnic
It’s going to rain, please take an umbrella with you.
You’d better finish your homework today and bring it to school tomorrow.
2.
keep + 名词 + 形容词
Keep the windows open, it’s hot here.
keep sb doing sth
I’m sorry I’ve kept you waiting for a long time.
keep表示“借”用于和一段时间连用：
How long can I keep this book?
3.
let / make / have sb do sth
让（使）某人干某事
Let’s go to the zoo!
How did he make the baby stop crying?
4.
forget to do sth
忘记去做某事
remember to do sth
记得去做某事
forget doing sth 忘记做过某事
remember doing sth
记得做过某事
5.
stop to do sth
停下来做另一件事情
stop doing sth
停止正在做的事情
stop sb from doing sth
阻止某人干某事
Let’s stop to have a test, it’s too hot today.
When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped talking.
We plant trees to stop the wind from blowing the earth away.
begin / start
to do sth
6.
tell / ask sb to do sth
否定形式 tell / ask sb not to do sth.
Policemen asked us not to play on the road , it was too dangerous.
Our P.E. teacher told us a story
yesterday.
7.
see / hear / watch sb do sth
see
/ hear /
watch sb doing sth
I heard him singing in the room when I passed by.
8.
enjoy sth ; enjoy doing sth ;
enjoy oneself = have a good time
Our classmates went to the zoo last Sunday. They enjoyed themselves.
9.
be busy with sth
;
be busy doing sth
They are all busy with their work.
10.
finish doing sth.
Tom didn’t go to bed until he finished writing the composition.
11.
want
sth
/
to do sth
/
sb to do sth
would like
sth
/
to do sth
/
sb to do sth
feel like doing sth.
He didn’t feel like eating anything.
12.
had better do sth
否定形式：
had better not do sth
You’d better not sing here, the baby is asleep.
13.
Why not do sth ?
=
why don’t you do sth ?
=
Why didn’t you do sth ?
Why not come with me?
14.
What about sth
/
what about doing sth ?
=
How about -----?
How about playing basketball with us?
15.
Thank you for sth /
Thanks for doing sth.
Thanks for your help.
------------
It’s a pleasure.
Thanks very much for helping me.
16.
instead往往放在句首或句尾
instead of sth
/
instead of doing sth.
通常放中间
He didn’t go to the park. He went to the cinema instead.
He went to the cinema instead of going to the park..
17.
put on
强调动作
wear 强调状态
in 介词，构成一个短词
Put on your old clothes tomorrow, because we’ll do some cleaning.
Kate is wearing a red sweater today.
The man in a blue suit is Mr. Li
18.
在if 引导的条件状语从句、以when , before, after , as soon as 引导的时间状语从句, 当主句是：一般将来时态、含情态动词或祈使句的情况下，从句用一般现在时表示将来时。
We’ll go hiking if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
it doesn’t rain
=
it isn’t rainy
I’ll tell her the good news as soon as I see her.
同样的情况还适用于not ---- until 句型
I won’t go to bed until I finish my homework.
19.
在以when
引导的时间状语从句, 当从句是一般过去时态时，主句往往用过去进行时,表示在过去的某一时刻正在发生或正在进行的动作：
They were having supper when I got to their home.
20.
It’s time for sth /
It’s time to do sth /
It’s time for sb to do sth.
It’s time for us to start our lesson now.
21.
It takes /
It took /
It will take
somebody some time to do something.
It took them twenty minutes to finish the cleaning.
It will take us about ten hours to finish our homework.
22.
it 作形式主语或形式宾语，其真正的主语或宾语是后面带to 的动词不定式:
It’s necessary to learn English well.
We found it difficult to work out the maths problems.
23.
too ----
to 句型,
too ---- for sb to
do sth ----，对某人来说太-----以致于不能-----
The apples on the
tree
are too high for me to reach.
Kate is too young to go to school.
24.
enough 用法：形前名后， big enough
;
enough food
----- enough to do sth
足够-------能够-------
Jim is old enough to go to school.
25.
little , a little 修饰不可数名词 ;
much 修饰不可数
few a few 修饰可数名词;
many 修饰可数
a little
a few 具有肯定含义little few 具有否定含义
some, any , a lot of = lots of 既可以 修饰不可数，也可以修饰可数名词；
There
is a little time left, take it easy.
We’d better go shopping ,there are few eggs left.
Mr. Little doesn’t have much money. （否定句中常用much而不用a lot of ）
26.
much too 中心词是too, 常修饰形容词,
It’s much too cold today,
we should wear warm clothes.
too much中心词是much, 常修饰不可数名词,
There’s too much water,
please be careful..
27.
有关情态动词的问答：
May I ------?
No, you can’t.
No, you mustn’t.
Must I /
we
-----?
No, you needn’t.
要注意could 和can的区别：could可表示语气的委婉，也表示过去的能力
Could you help me ?
Could she swim when she was four years old?
要注意must 和have to 的区别：must强调主观, have to 强调客观
要注意maybe和 may be的区别 ： maybe在句中作谓语
Maybe it’s here.
It may be here.
28.
不定代词：someone, anyone ; something , anything , nothing ; somebody , anybody, nobody.
Something常用于肯定句和表示请求的疑问句中 ， anything用于否定句中和疑问句中，not anything = nothing
;
without anything =
with nothing
Would you like something to eat?
I’d like Chinese tea with nothing in it .
形容词修饰不定代词要放在不定代词后面：
Be quiet! I have something important to tell you.
Is there anything interesting in today’s newspaper?
29.
反身代词: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves.
要记住：一、二人称用物主，第三人称用宾格， 复数self要变selves
和反身代词有关的一些词组：enjoy oneself.
= have a good time.
learn by oneself,
leave one by oneself
She had to teach her son herself.
I don’t need your help, I can do it myself.
30.
形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词：
What a strong wind!
It’s blowing strongly.
连系动词：be, feel, look, get,
turn , taste, smell, become,
+ 形容词作表语
31.
感叹句：What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词的单数形式+ 主语+ 谓语！
What+ 形容词+ 可数名词的复数形式 / 不可数名词+ 主语+ 谓语！
How + 形容词或副词 + 主语+ 谓语！
What a nice day it is !
What beautiful flowers they are!
How happily they are playing!
32.
反意疑问句：要注意前肯后否，前否后肯，要用be动词，助动词或情态动词来做，
要注意否定词：never, little, few, hardly ,nothing, nobody 等
祈使句的反意疑问句用：will you ?
以Let’s开头的反意疑问句用: shall we ?
She usually gets up at six, doesn’t she?
There’s little water in the bottle, is there?
Please take these
books to the office, will you?
You have never been to New York, have you?
33.
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级：要注意比较级和最高级的构成:
规则变化: 要双写的：big, fat, thin, red,
不规则变化：good,
bad,
far,
ill,
比较级用在：than ，
a little + ，
much + ,
最高级用在：
of all, of the three, in his class, in the world等表示有范围的短语中，
one of + 最高级 + 可数名词的复数
34.
以so 引导的倒装句：表示-----也一样，也如此，前后主语要不一致，要通过be动词、助动词、情态动词来做:
I reached home at 9:00, so did my brother.
Canadians eat a lot of beef, so do Chinese people.
35.
either---or----, neither ---- nor ----
连接两个主语，谓语动词采用就近原则；
Either of ----或 Neither of ------谓语动词用单数；
Both of
------或 both
---- and -----谓语动词用复数
Both of them are Chinese.
Neither of them is Australian.
Neither Jim nor I am American. 给赞
❼ 初二上册英语重点语法有哪些
不持之以恒，英语就学不会，这是因为英语是一门十分注重积累的学科。如果能接受这个观点，那你就要持之以恒，否则学习无效………………我是一个高考的过来人。首先我想请阁下明白一个道理：英语很差不可怕，可怕的是你从一开始便接受自己是一个英语差生的“事实”！！！！！虽然我高考已经好多年了，而且今年即将大学毕业，踏入社会。但英语一直没有丢，英语一直是我的排头兵！我对英语的自信还有，我觉得学好英语不难，重要的是你要有恒心，急躁冒进，三天打渔两天晒网都是不行的。在这里我就毛遂自荐一下我的学习方法吧： 首先先你要端正心态，不要急躁，不管别人考多少分，你做你自己的事，这样才能静下心来学习。要成为英语高手就必须比别人走更多的路，做更多的事。你应该明白一个事实，英语是单词和语法的综合，所以单词和语法都要拿下。 其次，对于单词，有如下几种方法，第一个，是加强记忆的频度，也就是说，早上记了几个，隔几个小时又看一次，总之一天之内，记忆的间隔不要太长，否则你辛苦积累的记忆会随着时间的延长而淡化，第二个，是可以根据自己的理解编顺口溜，比如good morning 是狗摸你…（见笑了）…，第三个，最重要的是，记单词的时候，不要忘了阅读，一边记单词，一边看文章，这样可以把孤立的单词串联起来，记忆的效果会加倍，第四个。我建议你记单词要分门别类记忆，要形成一个意群，比如，重要性用magnitude magnificence ，表示非常，大大地有exceedingly，tremendously，extremely……这样做在你写作时，是十分有好处的，写作时不要尽写一些低级词汇，你要写高级词汇，比如重要性写magnitude，许多写a multitude of 或者handsome。再次，是语法。学习语法，首先要明白什么是主谓宾定状补，什么是系动词，什么是直接宾语，间接宾语，这些是学习语法的基础，语法是房子，主谓宾定状补等是沙石砖瓦 此外，对于完形填空以及阅读理解，那就只能靠平时的练习了，在这个过程中，你要时时总结，纵深对比，千万不要陷入题海战术只做题，不总结的误区当中。在做题的过程中，你把各种体型都总结了一遍，积累了丰富的经验，而且你还提升了自己的阅读速度，一举两得，所以做题是很重要的！其实，完形填空无非就是单项选择加语境分析，也就是说，做完形填空你的语法要好，而且你要积累比较多的固定搭配，短语，特殊用法等，完形填空的语法还是很重要的！对于阅读，我个人感觉是，纯粹是个人经验积累多少的问题，只有保证一定的练习量，你才能用质的提高！最后，我建议你，平时读报，或者做题的时候，发现有好的句子好的词汇，你要抄下来，长期下来，你的作文会有提高的，需要说明的是，这个提高过程可能很缓慢，但是最后能收到很好的效果，以前25分的作文我都能保证在21-23这个级别，靠的就是对语法的熟练掌握和积累了许多较高级的词汇，句型，句子。我个人的理解是，在你的语法达到基本不会出错的程度上，作文便应该以词汇取胜，因为在这个层次上，大家的语法都差不多，没什么变化，唯一有变化的就是你的词汇！给你打个比方吧，很多想到“许多”就用many，但是你别忘了many a ；handsome；massive，innumerable；很多人想到“专家”就写expert，但很少人会想到specialist，很多人在想到“擅长”这词，就写be good at ，却不知还有更高级的表达法：be expert at 或者excel in ……高手和庸才，就体现在这些细微的差别
❽ 人教版初二上册英语语法总结
初二来：
人称代词自：主格，宾格，形容词性物主代词，名词性物主代词
形容词，副词的比较级
可数名词与不可数名词
冠词介词基数词序数词
句法：肯定，否定，一般疑问，祈使，直接引语改间接引语，让步状语，there be
ing,一般现在，过去进行
❾ 初二上英语语法总结
1. look pretty 看上去漂亮的
1. taste salty 尝起来咸的
2. feel tight 感觉有些紧
3. smell sour 闻上去酸的
4. sound noisy 听上去吵闹的
5. so much food 这么多食物
6. get the food ready把食物准备好
7. can’t wait to do sth.迫不及待地做某事
8. hear from sb. 收到某人的来信
9. shake hands 握手
10. last message 上个信息
11. be proud of sb. 为某人自豪
12. have a party 开聚会
13. the first time 第一次
14. family member 家庭成员
15. say hello to sb.与某人问好
16. have a try 试一试
17. introce sb. to sb.把某人介绍给
18. get angry with sb. 对某人生气
19. be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事.
20. be excited about doing sth.做某事感到兴奋
21. do something wrong 做错事
22. ride a bicycle 骑自行车
23. would like to do sth. 想要做某事
24. make cookies 做小甜饼
25. What’s the matter with you? 你怎么了？
26. What’ she like? 她为人怎样？
27. What does she look like? 她长的怎样？
feel (感觉，摸起来)
sound（听起来）
look（看上去）
28.主语+感官动词(连系动词) seem （好象） +adj.
smell（闻起来）
taste （吃起来）
keep （保持）
become / get/ turn （变得）
Mole 8
1. around town 环城之行
2. go along 沿着---走
3. turn left/ right into---向左/右转
4. on the corner of (在街道)拐角处
5. between---and---在----和----之间
6. on the left of---在---的左边
7. opposite the market 在市场的对面
8. by boat 乘船
9. take boat 乘船
10. on a clear day 在晴朗的日子里
11. the way to -------的路
12. the best way 最好的方法
13. get off 下（车， 船）
14. go past 走过
15. go for a walk 散步
16. buy things you need 买你需要的东西
17. go swimming 去游泳
18. get something to eat 买些吃的东西
19. be full of 装满了---
20. most of 大多数
21. at the ticket office 在售票处
22. follow it on the map
23. Where is the park?
How can I get to the park?
Can you tell me the way to the park?
Is there a park near here?
Do you know the way to the park?
Mole 9
1.濒危动物: animals in danger
2.需要做某事: need to do
3.没有喝水： without drinking
4.了解: learn about…
5.令人惊奇的事情:: the surprising thing
6.很吃惊地干某事: be surprised to do sth
7.干某事很悲伤: It’s sad to do sth
8.为了…而杀死: kill…for…
9.停止捕杀很难: It’s hard to stop killing
10.没有地方住: no places to live in
11.没有足够吃的食物no enough food to eat
12.这水不好喝: The water isn’t good to drink
13.带走它: take it away
14.住在森林里: live in the forests
15.决定不做某事: decide not to do
16:变得很严峻: become very serious
17.以…为生: live on…
18.照顾: look after (them, her…)
19.有足够住的地方:enough places to live in
20.越来越少的土地居住 less and less land to live on
21.制定计划: make a plan
22.生长得更好：grow better
23.最著名的科学家: the best-known scientist
24.以 而闻名: be famous for…
25.的标志（象征） the symbol of…
26.想起 think of…
27.考虑: think about (it)
28.例如: for example / such as…
29.几乎没有熊猫 very few pandas.
30.也，同样 as well as…
31.你真是太好了干某事 It’s really nice of you to do sth…
32.向某人展示某物show sb about sth..
33.干某事的一个计划: a plan to do sth…
34.设计海报 design a poster
35.保持…干净: keep sth clean
36.保持地球的干净: keep the Earth clean
37.砍伐森林: cut down the forests
38.污染河流: pollute the rivers
39.为某人而工作: work for sb
40.在野外: in the wild
41.究竟 : on earth
42.听到那个消息很难过：I’m sorry to hear that.
43.使得某人发狂: make sb mad
44: 把它变脏: make it dirty
45. 查找它: find it out
46.和平地生存：live in peace.
47.自然保护区: nature reserve
48.最后: at last
49.干某事是有趣的: It’s interesting to do
50.需要保护: need to protect…
51.变得稀少: become rare
52.最濒危的动物之一one of the animals most in danger
53．出生： be born
54．由于许多不同的原因：for many different reasons
Mole 10
1. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
2. watch a performance of 看----的演出
3. the center of the neighbourhood 居住地的中心
4. say goodbye to sb. 向某人说再见
5. the Qing Dynasty 清朝
6. the Anti-Japanese War 抗日战争
7. send sb. to some place 送/派某人去某地
8. the Teacher’s School 师范学校
9. from – to – 从----到----
10. be named 被命名为
11. people’s artist 人民的艺术家
12. great Master of Language 语言大师
13. folk music 民歌
14. magic shows 魔术表演
15. at the teahouse 在茶馆
16. enjoy sth. 从某事得到乐趣
17. the twentieth century 二十世纪
18. give a wonderful welcome 热烈欢迎
19. take place 发生
20. make them study hard 使他们努力学习
21. fall in love with sb. 与某人相爱
22. marry sb. 娶了/嫁给某人
23. the best part of the film 电影最好的部分
24. the name of ----的名字
25. more than one meaning 不止一个意思
26. the same dream 相同的梦想
27. Beijing Children’s Art Theatre 北京儿童艺术剧院
28. a gold medal 金牌
29. somebody else 别的人
30. a well-known poet 著名的诗人
31. a writer for TV, opera and drama 一位集电视剧，歌剧及戏剧创作于一身的作家
32. finish doing sth 结束做某事
33. be good for 对---有利
34. understand their children better 更好的了解孩子
35. manage to do sth. 设法做成某事
36. make a decision 做出决定
Mole 11
1. The Spring Festival 春节
2. at the moment 现在
3. depend on 根据---而定/ 依靠
4. find out 找出，查明
5. choose carefully 仔细挑选
6. the places to see 要看的地方
7. in winter 在冬天
8. change colour 改变颜色
9. in the northwest 在西北
10. remember to do sth 记得干某事
11. freezing cold 非常冷
12. from time to time 时常
13. take an umbrella 带把雨伞
14. for a long time 长时间
15. on holiday 度假
16. best of all 最好的是
17. start to do sth. 开始做某事
Unit 1: How often do you exercise?
【应掌握的词组】
1. go to the movies 去看电影
2. look after = take care of 照顾
3. surf the internet 上网
4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式
5. go skate boarding 去划板
6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康
7. exercise=take(much)exercise=do sports锻炼
8. eating habits 饮食习惯
9. take more exercise 做更多的运动
10. the same as 与什么相同
11. be different from 不同
12. once a month一月一次
13. twice a week一周两次
14. make a difference to 对什么有影响
15. how often 多久一次
16. although = though虽然
17. most of the students=most students
18. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物
19. as for至于
20. activity survey活动调查
21. do homework做家庭作业
22. do house work做家务事
23. eat less meat吃更少的肉
24. junk food垃圾食物
25. be good for 对什么有益
26. be bad for对什么有害
27. want to do sth 想做某事
28. want sb to do sth想某人做某事
29. try to do sth 尽量做某事
30. come home from school放学回家
31. of course = certainly = sure当然
32. get good grades取得好成绩
33. some advice
34. hardly=not nearly / almost not几乎不
35. keep/be in good health保持健康
36.be stressed紧张的，有压力的
37. take a vacation 去度假
48.get back 回来
Unit 2 What’s the matter?
【应掌握的词组】
1. Have a cold 感冒
2. sore back 背痛
3. neck and neck 并驾齐驱，齐头并进
4. I have a stomachache 我胃痛
= I have got a stomachache
= There is something wrong with my stomach
= My stomach hurts
= I have (got) a pain in my stomach
5. What’s the matter? 怎么了？
= What’s the trouble (with you)?
= What’s your trouble?
= What’s wrong (with you)?
= What’ the matter (with you)?
=What has happened to you?
= Is there anything wrong (with you)? = what’s up?
6. sore throat 咽喉痛
7. lie down and rest 躺下休息
8. see a dentist 看牙医
9. drink lots of water 多喝水
10. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶
11.That’s a good idea 好主意
12.That’s too bad 太糟糕了
13.I think so 我认为如此
14. I’m not feeling well. 我觉得不太舒服
= I’m not feeling fine/all right.
= I’m feeling ill/sick. =I feel terrible/bad.
= I don’t feel well.
15. get some rest 多休息
16. I have no idea = I don’t know 我不知道
17. stressed out 筋疲力尽
18. I am tired 我累了 He is tired. 他累了
19. a healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式
20. traditional Chinese doctors传统中医
21. a balance of yin and yang阴阳调和
22. you have too much yin.你阴气太盛
23. to eat a balance diet饮食平衡
24. healthy food 健康食品
25. stay healthy 保持健康
=keep healthy=keep in good health
= keep fit
26. enjoy oneself (myself, yourself, herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself
反身代词) 玩得高兴，过得愉快
=have a good time = have a wonderful time
= have fun
27. enjoy sth. =like sth. (名词)喜欢某物,
enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事=like dong sth
practice doing sth.练习做某事，
mind doing sth. 介意做某事，
finish doing sth.完成某事，
give up doing sth.放弃做某事，
can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事，
keep ding sth. 坚持做某事. （keep on doing sth. / keep sb. doing sth. ）
be busy doing sth. 忙着做某事
be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
make a contribution to doing sth.为..做贡献
go on doing sth. 继续做某事
forget doing sth.忘记做某事
remember doing sth. 记得做某事
spend....(in) doing sth. 花（时间）来做某事
prefer doing sth.to doing sth.比起（做...）来更愿意（做...）
28. at the moment = now 此刻
29. Host family 东道家庭
30. Conversation practice会话练习
31. I’m sorry to hear that.听到此事我很难过
初二语法复习
1. so+谓语+主语：…也一样. 谓语:be动词/助动词/情态动词
2. so+主语+谓语:的确如此,真的这样.
3. help yourself/yurselves to．．．请随便吃点．．．
4. 发现sb做sth : find sb doing sth
5. 不完全同意I don’t really agree.
完全不同意I really don’t agree.
6. 或者．．或者．．．either…or…..就近原则
既不．．也不．．neither…nor….就近原则
既．．．．又．．．both…and….谓语用复数
7. 看起来，似乎It seems/seemed that…..
8. 由于．．．而闻名be famous for….
更详细的语法可以看这里：）
http://www.52en.com/whbm/grammar/index.htm
参考资料：http://..com/question/59050572.html