A. 2011中考英语复习要点
复习要点有几下几点:
1 各种词的词性 各种词性之间的相互转化 比如形容词回与副词 形容词的各答个级别 变化
2动词 动词的六大时态和二种语态 尤其是各个时态的被动语态
3 作文 结构的安排,要点的把握 首先保证要点要全,在此基础上在稍加拓展。没有把握的从句切务写。但是通篇是简单句也打不了高分,必须有一到二句出彩句;
4任务型阅读 答题完整句注意人称时态的转变
5大量阅读课本的范文 找语感
B. 2011届高三英语定语从句第一轮复习语法
定义
I. 定语从句起形容词的作用,在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用,二是在从句中担当一个成分,并与先行词保持数的一致。
关系词 先行词 从句
成分 例句 备注
关系代词 who 人 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用that
whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working
The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..
whose 人,物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history.
The boy whose father works abroad is my desk mate.
that 人,物 主语
宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly.
She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
which 物 主语
宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.
The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
as 人,物 主语
宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us.
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般不省略
关系副词 when 时间 时间
状语 I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用on which
where 地点 地点
状语 This is the house where I was born. 可用in which
why 原因 原因
状语 I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用for which
Ⅱ. as与which的区别:
定语
从句 区别 例句
限制性定语从句中 名词前有such和the same修饰时,关系代词用as,不能用which He is not such a fool as he looks.
Don’t read such books as you can’t understand.
非限制性定语从句中 as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如,象”的含义,并可以放在主句前,也可以放在后面,那么用as;而which引导的从句只能放主句后,并无“正如”的意思。 They won the game, as we had expected.
They won the game, which we hadn’t expected.
As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.
Ⅲ. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别:
类别 语法意义及特征 例句
限制性定语从句 对先行词起修饰限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明确,这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号分开。 The accident happened at the time when I left.
非限制性定语从句 对先行词作附加的说明,与主句的关系不十分密切,较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开,相当于一个插入语,不能用that引导,关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。 His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.
一、考点聚焦
1、功能:相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语
2、位置:定语从句置于被修饰词之后
Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.
3、先行词:被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词
(1)先行词一般是名词和不定代词,如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词;或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词,人称代词也同样可作先行词。
(2)先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点:
①先行词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。
This is the place which is worth visiting.
②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分,其意思就是先行词的意义,所以在从句中不能重复其意。
There are many places we can visit(them)in China.
4、关系词:引导定语从句的都称关系词
关系代词:who, whom, which, that, whose, as。
关系副词:when, where, why。that偶尔也作关系副词。
5、确定关系词的步骤
(1)先找关系词,看先行词指的是什么。
(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
6、在定语从句中,当先行词指物时,下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which
(1)先行词被①形容词最高级 ②序数词 ③数词几种词修饰或被 ④only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。
(2)先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。
(3)先行词中既有人又有物时。
He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.
(4)先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。
The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.
(5)当主句中含有疑问词which时。
Which are the books that you bought for me ?
7、宜用which而不用that的情况
(1)在非限制性定语从句中
(2)在关系词前有介词时
(3)当先行词本身是that时
(4)当关系词离先行词较远时
8、关系词who与that指人时,也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词
(1)当主句是there be句型时,关系词用who。
(2)先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时,关系词用who。
(3)当主句是who作疑问词时,关系词用that。
Who is that girl that is standing by the window?
(4)whom在从句中只作宾语,可被who取代。
9、whose作关系词既指人又指物,在从句中作定语。如:
Do you know Mr. Smith whose story is very moving?
There is a room, whose window faces the river.
There is a room, the window of which faces the river.
10、关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。
(1)先行词被such和the same修饰,或句型as many(much)中,从句都用as 引导。
Such books as you bought are useful. The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.
注意:区别①such … that … 引导的结果状语从句。They are suchlovely children that we love them much.②the same … that … 引导定语从句。I want to use the same tool that you used just now.
(2)无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。
区别:①意义上:as 含有“这点正如……一样”。②位置上:as 从句可置句首,也可在另处。
He didn’t pass the exam, as we had expected.
There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.
As is known, the earth is round, not flat.
11、关系副词when与where、why、that
when 指时间 = in / at / on / ring which
where指地点 = in / at / from / which
why指原因 = for which
当先行词为way、day、reason、time时,可用that作关系副词。(非正式场合)
I don’t like the way that / in which / he talks.
当time作先行词时,关系词可以省掉。
This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.
12、必须注意的问题
(1)关系词作主语时,从句中谓语的数。
(2)注意区别定语从句与强调句。
①定语从句中关系词作从句成分,复合句。
②强调it无意义,that / who不是引导词。
③强调it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句,讲不通则不是。
It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定语从句)
It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.(强调句)
(3)定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
①定语从句引导词被称为关系词,that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。
②同位语从句引导词被叫做连词,that不能充当任何成分,不可省。
Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语)
We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定语)
(4)关系词在从句中省略的情况。
①关系词作宾语,前无介词时。
②关系词作表语。
(5)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。
(6)关系词前有介词或复杂介词,关系词只能是which和whom。
(7)几个特殊的定语从句句型:
①He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.(句中one为先行词)
He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.(句中students为先行词)
②Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday? Is this the place (that / which) we visited yesterday?
③He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.
④It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.
二、精典名题导解
1. The film brought the hours back to me _________ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.(NMET 2001)
A. until B. that C. when D. where
解析:答案为C。本题考查分隔定语从句的关系词的选择。作好本题的关键是要能辨认出该定语从句的先行词the hours和关系词被介词短语to me所分隔。定语从句的先行词是表时间的名词hours, 并且关系词在从句中用作状语,故应选择表示时间的关系副词when。
2. ___________ is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month.(NMET 2001)
A. It B. As C. That D. What
解析:答案为B。本题考查as引导的非限制定语从句。as作“正如……”解时,引导的非限制性定语从句来修饰整个句子。当as在从句中作主语时,常用于下列短语:as is known、as is said、as is reported、as is announced等。要注意掌握作关系代词引导定语从句的用法。
3. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ___________ he grew up as a child.(NMET 1996)
A. which B. where C. that D. when
解析:答案为B。本题考查限制性定语从句中关系词的选择。定语从句的先行词是表示地点的名词短语the small town, 且关系词不作定语从句中的主语和宾语而作地点状语,因此定语从句必须用关系副词where引导。要注意分清先行词在从句中充当的成分,然后选择适当的关系词。
C. 中考英语语法
选B
since和when都可以引导时间状语从句,since表示自从......但是上面句子的时专态不正确,属
since和because都可以引导原因状语从句,区别是because通常用在主句之后而since用在主句之前,since也表示显而易见的原因,可以用as替代,
但是从句子意思看显然是让步状语从句,这些连词里面只有although可以引导让步状语从句,如果答案A可以选的话那么C也正确了,不可能的,
although引导让步状语从句意思是虽然...尽管...,后面不能和 but连用,
D. 英语语法连词有哪些
1,并列连词
and 和,那么,渐渐;
or 或,否则,不管是…,还是;
but 但是,而是,的确…但;nor 也不
so 也是,因此,所以,那么,这样看来;
for 因为(表示推测),由于;
2,相关连词
both A and B 既是A又是B;
either A or B 不是A 就是B;
neither A nor B 既不是A也不是B ,两者皆非;
not only A but also B 不但A而且B;
A as well as B 不但A而且B , 与,和;
3,准连词
而且 besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition;
然而 yet, still, however, nevertheless;
否则 else, otherwise;
因此 所以 thus, hence, therefore, accordingly, consequently;
4,引导名词从句的连词
从属连词 that, whether, if;
疑问连词 what, which, who/whom/whose;
疑问副词 when, where, why, how;
复合关系代词 whatever, whoever, whomever;
5,引导定语从句的连词
关系代词 who (whom whose), which, that, as;
关系副词 when, where, why;
关系形容词 which, whose…
6,引导状语从句的连词
表示时间 when, while, as, till, whenever, since, as soon as…
表示条件 if, unless, as long as, in case, if only, on condition…
表示结果 so…that , such…that (如此…以至于);
表示目的 that, so that, in order that; lest, for fear, in case;
表示原因 as, because, now (that ), seeing (that), since…
表示让步 whether…or, notwithstanding, though, for all that…
表示地点 where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere
表示方式 as, as…so, as if, according as;
表示比较 than, the more… the more…, as…as…, not so…as;
E. 2011中考英语如何复习
要对这门科目有兴趣。这是很重要的一点,千万不能忽略。如果你对它没兴趣,有再多的方法也是徒劳的。其次,上课一定要好好听课,做好每课的笔记,然后每天晚上写作业前,把笔记看一遍,回忆一下今天讲过的内容。把每天课文中的单词都要记牢,多看写英语课外读物,日积月累,词汇量肯定会大大提高。看课外读物时,不要求全部看懂,不会的可以问老师。不需要学太多课外的语法,因为在一般情况下,这些都是用不着的,该讲的课堂上老师都会讲到,并且讲的很详细(这就要看这个老师负不负责任了)。只需要每天的积累,掌握每天所学过的知识,消化当天的内容就很不错。然后每天做作业时,尽量不要看书。做完后,再看哪里不懂,然后重点去复习,这样是很有效果的。这是第一点,掌握课本上的内容,偶尔加点课外阅读。第二点,也很重要。就是听,说,读,写,背。这是一个重要的环节。多听,多听英语磁带,然后在平常和同学玩耍时,偶尔来一句英语也不错(千万出现错句子,丢死人了)。多读,每天早读时,多跟着同学一起读,有助于提高语言流畅能力。然后就是每天的作业一定要完成,无论是本子上的作业,还是活动上作业(如写对话之类的,不需要交的),都应该认真去完成。还有最后一环节,就是背,每天所学过的课文,都必须背诵,这样很有助于你考试,因为考试经常出课文上的东西,而且,要背诵的流利,也能提高你在说这一方面的语言流畅能力。背诵是必要的,但应当仅限于单词。不要在句式词组和语法上下太多的功夫。增长语言的听说水平最好的方法是朗读,每天多花一段时间大声读一些比较好的短文,时间一长口语自然就流利了。以上就是鄙人以为的基础。
F. 广州市2011中考英语词组固定搭配和语法
in the long run 从长远来看,最后 on offer 在出售中 choose from... 从...中挑选
be curious about... 对...感到好奇 confront with... 使面临, 使面对 with interest 有兴趣地 an average of ... 平均是... at high altitudes 在很高的地方draw one’s attention 吸引某人的注意 focus on 集中考试大论坛as a matter of fact 实际上in years to come 在未来的几年内set apart from 把...区分开
adopt a positive approach 采取一种正确的方法
wait for 等待
pass through 经过, 通过
a sequence of 一系列的
take ... for granted 以...为骄傲
be aware of/that 注意到
translate into 翻译成
set in 开始
intend to do 想要做
looking forward to 期望
be built from... 用...去建造
a wide variety of 很多的
at advanced levels 在高级范围内
carry out 完成,实施
according to 根据
aim to do 指望做某事
make sacrifices to do 做出牺牲而做
in depth 深入地
新整理的有用词组~
a series of 一系列,一连串
above all 首先,尤其是
after all 毕竟,究竟
ahead of 在...之前
ahead of time 提前
all at once 突然,同时
all but 几乎;除了...都
all of a sudden 突然
all over 遍及
all over again 再一次,重新
all the time 一直,始终
all the same 仍然,照样的
as regards 关于,至于
anything but 根本不
as a matter of fact 实际上
apart from 除...外(有/无)
as a rule 通常,照例
as a result(of) 因此,由于
as far as ...be concerned 就...而言
as far as 远至,到...程度
as for 至于,关于
as follows 如下
as if 好像,仿怫
as good as 和...几乎一样
as usual 像平常一样,照例
as to 至于,关于
all right 令人满意的;可以
as well 同样,也,还
as well as 除...外(也),即...又
aside from 除...外(还有)
at a loss 茫然,不知所措
at a time 一次,每次
at all 丝毫(不),一点也不
at all costs 不惜一切代价
at all events 不管怎样,无论如何
at all times 随时,总是
at any rate 无论如何,至少
at best 充其量,至多
at first 最初,起先
at first sight 乍一看,初看起来
at hand 在手边,在附近
at heart 内心里,本质上
at home 在家,在国内
at intervals 不时,每隔...
at large 大多数,未被捕获的
at least 至少
at last 终于
at length 最终,终于
at most 至多,不超过
at no time 从不,决不
by accident 偶然
at one time 曾经,一度;同时
at present 目前,现在
at sb's disposal 任...处理
at the cost of 以...为代价
at the mercy of 任凭...摆布
at the moment 此刻,目前
at this rate 照此速度
at times 有时,间或
back and forth 来回地,反复地
back of 在...后面
before long 不久以后
beside point 离题的,不相干的
beyond question 毫无疑问
by air 通过航空途径
by all means 尽一切办法,务必
by and by 不久,迟早
by chance 偶然,碰巧
by far 最,...得多
by hand 用手,用体力
by itself 自动地,独自地
by means of 用,依靠
by mistake 错误地,无意地
by no means 决不,并没有
by oneself 单独地,独自地
by reason of 由于
by the way 顺便说说
by virtue of 借助,由于
by way of 经由,通过...方法
e to 由于,因为
each other 互相
even if/though 即使,虽然
ever so 非常,极其
every now and then 时而,偶尔
every other 每隔一个的
except for 除了...外
face to face 面对面地
far from 远非,远离
for ever 永远
for good 永久地
for the better 好转
for the moment 暂时,目前
for the present 暂时,目前
for the sake of 为了,为了...的利益
for the time being 暂时,眼下
from time to time 有时,不时
hand in hand 手拉手 ,密切关联
head on 迎面地,正面的
heart and soul 全心全意地
how about ...怎么样
in a hurry 匆忙,急于
in case of 假如,防备
in a moment 立刻,一会儿
in a sense 从某种意义上说
in a way 在某种程度上
in a word 简言之,总之
in accordance with 与...一致,按照
in addition 另外,加之
in addition to 除...之外(还)
in advance 预先,事先
in all 总共,合计
in any case 无论如何
in any event 无论如何
in brief 简单地说
in charge of 负责,总管
in common 共用的,共有的
in consequence(of) 因此;由于
in debt 欠债,欠情
in detail 详细地
in difficulty 处境困难
in effect 实际上,事实上
in general 一般来说,大体上
in favor of 支持,赞成
in front of 面对,在...前
in half 成两半
in hand 在进行中,待办理
in honor of 为庆祝,为纪念
in itself 本质上,就其本身而言
in line with 与...一致
in memory of 纪念
in no case 决不
in no time 立即,马上
in no way 决不
in order 按顺序,按次序
in other words 换句话说
in part 部分地
in particular 特别,尤其
in person 亲自,本人
in place 在合适的位置
in place of 代替,取代,交换
in practice 在实践中,实际上
in proportion to 与...成比例
in public 公开地,当众
in quantity 大量
in question 正在谈论的
in regard to 关于,至于
in relation to 关于,涉及
in return 作为报答/回报/交换
in return for 作为对...报答
in short 简言之,总之
in sight 被见到;在望
in spite of 尽管
in step 齐步,合拍
in step with 与...一致/协调
in tears 流着泪,在哭着
in the course of 在...期间/过程中
in the distance 在远处
in the end 最后,终于
in the event of 如果...发生,万一
in the face of 即使;在...面前
in the first place 首先
in the future 在未来
in the least 丝毫,一点
in (the)light of 鉴于,由于
in the way 挡道
in the world 究竟,到底
in time 及时
in touch 联系,接触
in turn 依次,轮流;转而
in vain 徒劳,白费力
instead of 代替,而不是
just now 眼下;刚才
little by little 逐渐地
lots of 许多
many a 许多
more or less 或多或少,有点
next door 隔壁的,在隔壁
no doubt 无疑地
no less than 不少于...;不亚于...
no longer 不再
no more 不再
no more than 至多,同...一样不
none other than 不是别的,正是
on one's guard 警惕,提防
nothing but 只有,只不过
now and then 时而,偶尔
off and on 断断续续,间歇地
off ty 下班
on a large/small scale 大/小规模地
on account of 由于
on(an/the) average 平均,通常
on behalf of 代表
on board 在船(车/飞机)上
on business 因公
on condition that 如果
on ty 上班,值班
on earth 究竟,到底
on fire 起火着火
on foot 步行,
on guard 站岗,值班
on hand 在场,在手边
on occasion(s) 有时,间或
on one's own 独立,独自
on purpose 故意地
on sale 出售,廉价出售
on schele 按时间表,准时
on second thoughts 经重新考虑
on the contrary 正相反
on the grounds of 根据,以...为由
on (the) one hand 一方面
on the other hand 另一方面
on the point of 即将...的时刻
on the road 在旅途中
on the side 作为兼职/副 业
on the spot 在场;马上
on the whole 总的来说,大体上
on time 准时
once again 再一次
once(and)for all 一劳永逸地
once in a while 偶尔
once more 再一次
once upon a time 从前
one another 相互
or else 否则,要不然
or so 大约,左右
other than 非;除了
out of 从...中;由于;缺乏
out of breath 喘不过气来
out of control 失去控制
out of date 过时的
out of doors 在户外
out of order 出故障的
out of place 不适当的
out of practice 久不练习,荒疏
out of sight 看不见,在视野外
out of the question 毫无可能的
out of touch 不联系,不接触
over and over(again) 一再地,再三地
prior at 在...之前
quite a few 相当多,不少
rather than 不是...(而是)
regardless of 不顾,不惜
right away 立即,马上
side by side 肩并肩,一起
so far 迄今为止
sooner or later 迟早,早晚
step by step 逐步地
such as 例如,诸如
thanks to 由于,多亏
that is (to say) 就是说,即
to the point 切中要害,切题
under control 处于控制之下
under the circumstances 这种情况下
up to date 在进行中
up to 多达;直到;胜任;取决于
what if 切合目前情况的
what about 怎么样
with respect to 如果...将怎么样
with regard to 关于,至于
without question 关于,至于,
with the exception of 除...之外
without question 毫无疑问
word for word 逐字的