『壹』 英语从句语法知识求教
英语中六大从句用法总结
1.主语从句
1)主语从句可直接位于主语的位置,如果从句较长,谓语又较短,可用it作形式主语,而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有:
*It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that...
*It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that...
*It is clear\important\likely\possible that...
*It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that...
It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.
It seems that the performance is very useful.
2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”,一般不用it作形式主语。
What we lack is experience.
3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义,但它们引导的主语从句,都用陈述语序。
How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.
I did know why I felt like crying.
2.宾语从句
1)宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是)已构成固定搭配,其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。
*I promised that I would change the situation.
*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.
*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.
*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.
2)宾语从句后如有宾补,要用形式宾语it来代替,而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。
He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.
3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中,如果谓语是否定的,一般将否定词移至主句谓语上,宾语从句则变成肯定形式。
He didn't think that the money was well spent.
3.表语从句
表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外,还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句,不可用because.
Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.
The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.
It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.
4.同位语从句
同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明,一般用连词that引导,由于先行名词的意义不同,也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短,将同位语从句位于谓语之后。
She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.
I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.
The news came that their team had won the championship.
5.定语从句
定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词,也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后,由关系代词或关系副词引导。
*限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句修饰先行词,对先行词起修饰作用,紧接先行词之后,无逗号,若省去,原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人,whose有时也可指物,相当于of which;which用于指物;that既可指人也可指物,但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句,替代先行词外,还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。
The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.
Those
『贰』 英语语法关于主谓宾定状补及从句详细讲解
1、主语:说明动作的执行者,通常情况下它都在句首。
例:He went to work. (He是主语)
2、谓语:说明具体的动作,通常情况下,它都跟在主语的后面。
例:Jason is riding a bike. (is riding就是谓语)
3、宾语:具体动作词的名词或词组,它有直接宾语(指物)和间接宾语(指人)。
例:Give her a book. =Give a book to her. (a book是直接宾语,her是间接宾语)
4、定语:说明或是修饰名词,如:冠词、形容词、形容词性物主代词、数词、名词所有格,都可作定语,它的位置不定,有前置定语和后置定语。
例:The pen on the table is mine.(on the table就是pen的后置定语)
5、状语:说明时间、地点、原因、频率、因果、方式的词或词组,它可放在句尾,也可放在句首起强调作用。
例:Often, I walk around the lake after dinner. (Often是一个表频率的状语,放在句首起强调作用;后面的after dinner是时间状语)
6、宾语补足语:进一步说明宾语的状态和特征。
例:I can make the baby laugh.(laugh就是宾语补语,说明宝宝的状态)
7、主语补足语:补充说明主语的形态特征。
例:The deer was caught alive.(那只鹿被活捉,alive就是主语deer的补足语,说明这只鹿还是活的)
8、英语语法中,只有三大从句:定语从句,名词性从句和状语从句。
定语从句就是用一个句子充当定语,组成为先行词+关系词+定语从句,关系词有:that,who,which,whom,as,whose等。
名词性从句在句子中起名词作用,其功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。
状语从句就是句子用作状语时,起副词作用,其中的从句可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。
(2)关于英语从句完整语法扩展阅读
英语中五种基本句型
1、主语+谓语
一个句子为了说明一件事(或表达一种感情),最简单的表达方式,就是“谁,怎么样了”。这里的“谁”,就是句子的主语,可以是人、物、某种行为等。“怎么样了”,就是句子的谓语,由动词充当。主语+谓语,即构成一个最简单的句子。例如:
I dance.
She died.
2、主语+谓语+宾语
宾语从句子表达事情的角度看,可以理解为“谁,对谁怎么样了”,宾语就是主语借助一个动作(谓语)作用的一个对象。例如:
I hate him.
I dance with her.
3、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
谓语后面跟了两个宾语,直接宾语,就是谓语动词直接作用的对象,而间接宾语,是谓语需要先借助于一个间接的对象,再把动作传递到直接宾语身上。例如:
I give him a book. (“给”,这个动作,最终作用的对象是“书”,但需要先通过“他”,把“给”这个动作传递到书)
4、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
宾语补足语就是用来补充说明宾语怎么样了。例如:
I want you to go with me. (我要你,要你干什么呢?to go with me,即要你跟我一些走,这个部分就是宾语补足语。)
5、主语+系动词+表语
表语是跟在系动词后面的,感官类系动词,其后一般接形容词;be动词后一般接名词(或不定式等)。例如:
It smells good.
She is a teacher.
『叁』 有没有关于详解英语六大从句的语法书推荐
张道真英语实用语法。
『肆』 英语语法中,从句的结构一定是要完整的吗(主语,谓语什么的都有)或者说是什么类型的主从句中从句可以
从句之所以叫从句就是因为这是一个完整的句子,所以,大体上,从句的句子结构是完整的,也就是说最起码要有主谓结构,及物动词一定要出现主谓宾结构。
有时候你感觉从句句子不是很完整,可能是以下几个情况:
有些从句的连词在句子里是担当成分的。比如说:I don't know who he is. 这是宾语从句,而连词who担任了从句中的表语。这种在句子里担任成分的连词通常还起一个代词的作用,通常指人的有who, whom, whose,指物的有which, what等。但是不同的从句有不同的连词,这些连词在不同从句中的作用也是不同的,比如说that在宾语从句中指起引导作用,不做句子成分(He said that he had finished the homework.),而在定语从句中that就是关系代词,在句子中要做成分(Do you see the building that stands beside the river?)。这就需要一个从句一个从句去仔细地学了。
有些时候,从句中可以有一些省略,省略的通常是do, have这种词。比如说:I have done all (that)I can (do). 这些通常比较口语化。
非谓语。疑惑通常会出现在非谓语做状语和定语的情况下:Although refused, he still loves her. 和 Although he was refused, he still loves her. 前一句是非谓语做状语,补上了连词,而后一句是一个让步状语从句,所以什么是从句,什么是非谓语,这要分清楚。
总之,你问的问题涉及到的知识面太多了,我也不太了解你是那个年级段的,所以打的有点多,不懂的可以追问。建议买本语法书,琢磨琢磨就通了。
『伍』 英语中从句的语法大全
英语中六大从句用法总结
1.主语从句
1)主语从句可直接位于主语的位置,如果从句较长,谓语又较短,可用it作形式主语,而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有:
*It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that...
*It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that...
*It is clear\important\likely\possible that...
*It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that...
It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.
It seems that the performance is very useful.
2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”,一般不用it作形式主语。
What we lack is experience.
3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义,但它们引导的主语从句,都用陈述语序。
How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.
I did know why I felt like crying.
2.宾语从句
1)宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是)已构成固定搭配,其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。
*I promised that I would change the situation.
*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.
*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.
*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.
2)宾语从句后如有宾补,要用形式宾语it来代替,而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。
He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.
3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中,如果谓语是否定的,一般将否定词移至主句谓语上,宾语从句则变成肯定形式。
He didn't think that the money was well spent.
3.表语从句
表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外,还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句,不可用because.
Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.
The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.
It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.
4.同位语从句
同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明,一般用连词that引导,由于先行名词的意义不同,也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短,将同位语从句位于谓语之后。
She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.
I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.
The news came that their team had won the championship.
5.定语从句
定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词,也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后,由关系代词或关系副词引导。
*限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句修饰先行词,对先行词起修饰作用,紧接先行词之后,无逗号,若省去,原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人,whose有时也可指物,相当于of which;which用于指物;that既可指人也可指物,但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句,替代先行词外,还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。
The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.
Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.
The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.
1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时,只能用关系代词that引导从句。
That is all that I've heard from him.
He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.
2)关系代词的省略
在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词,作介词宾语时不可用that,只可用which或whom引导从句,并且不可省略,但当介词位于宾语从句句末时,作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that,也可省略。
This is one of those things with which we have to put up.
This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with.
3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语,意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。
Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.
No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.
5.定语从句
*非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词,也可修饰整个主句,起补充说明作用,与主句之间有逗号隔开,若省去,原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。
Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.
*“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句
“介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句,该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配,或先行词的习惯搭配。
This is the computer on which he spent all his savings
It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.
*as引导的定语从句
as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的结构中,代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时,代替整个主句,从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。
These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems)
As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语)
6.状语从句
*时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有:
1)when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。
We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.
2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every) time,the moment,immediately(that)等。
As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses.
The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.
*地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.
Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her.
*原因、结果和目的状语从句
1)引导原因状语从句的从属连词有:because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等。
Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.
2)引导结果状语从句的连词有:so...that,such...that
,so that,that,so等。
Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.
3)引导目的状语从句的连词有:so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等,从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词。
We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.
*条件和让步状语从句
1)引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等。
As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.
2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。though,even if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构,具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词(副词、动词、名词)+as+主语+谓语”。
No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.
Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)
Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)
*方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的连词有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though引导的状语从句中,谓语动词常用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反。
The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.
Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.
『陆』 英语语法,所以that引导的从句都是具有完整的句子结构吗
从句是有完整的句子结构的。
从句虽不能单独成句,但它也有主语部分和谓语部分。从句须由关联词(connective)引导。
引导从句的关联词共有七种:
1)从属连词:有whether,when,although,because,if等。
He will get the letter tomorrow if you send it off now. 如果你现在就把信发出,他明天就会收到。
I don’t know whether he will be able to come. 我不知道他明天是否能来。
2)疑问代词:who,whom,whose,which,what。如:
Who he is doesn’t concern me. 他是谁与我无关。
We'd like to know what the young people want. 我们想知道年轻人想要什么。
3)疑问副词:when,where,why,how。如:
I asked how he was getting on. 我问他近况如何。
I can’t understand why they didn't come. 我不明白他们为什么没有来。
4)关系代词:who,whom,whose,which,that。如:
Nobody who understands the subject would say such a thing. 懂得这一行的人是不会说这种话的。
Water that is impure often causes serious illness. 水不洁常会引起重病。
5)关系副词:when,where,why。如:
July and August are the months when the weather is hot. 七八月是天气很热的月份。
She would like to live in a country where it never snows. 她喜欢住在不下雪的地区。
6)缩合连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,that,whichever。如:
Show me what you have written. 把你所写的东西给我看看。
Whoever does wrong is punished in the end. 恶有恶报。
7)缩合连接副词:whenever,where,when、why、how、wherever,however。如:
Whenever he goes out, he always takes his umbrella. 他每逢出门总是带伞。
Sit wherever you like. 你爱坐哪儿都成。
希望我能帮助你解疑释惑。
『柒』 英语所有语法的主要规则
英语语法总结一.词性1. 实词1.名词 noun. N.名词是实词的一种,也是词性的一种,用来代替实体或抽象概念的词,可以独立成句。通常可以用代词来代替。A. 专有名词(Proper Nouns) -某个/某些人,地方,机构等专有的称呼,比如China, Mary.B. 普通名词 (Common Nouns)-一类人或东西,或一个抽象概念的名词,比如 book,friendship.2.代词(Pronoun) pron.代替名词的词类,大多数具有名词和形容词的功能。A.人称代词人称代词 第一人称单数 第二人称单数 第三人称单数 第一人称复数 第二人称复数 第三人称复数 主格 I you he/she/it we you they 宾格 me you him/her/it us you them 人称代词 第一人称单数 第二人称单数 第三人称单数 第一人称复数 第二人称复数 第三人称复数 形容词性物主代词 my your his/her/its our your their 名词性物主代词 mine yours his/hers/its ours yours theirs 汉语 我的 你的 他的/她的/它的 我们的 你们的 他(她、它)们的B.物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词(Possessive Pronouns),也叫人称代词的所有格。物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。物主代词有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数的物主代词还有性别的变化(见上表)C.指示代词(demonstrative pronoun)表示指示概念的代词,用来指示或表示人或事物的代词。指示代词和定冠词以及人称代词一样,都具有指定的含义,用来起指示作用,或用来代替前面已经提到过的名词。指示代词的分类 (单数复数,既可作限定词又可作代词)单数 限定词:This girl is Mary.代词:This is Mary复数限定词:Those men are my teachers.代词:Those are my teachers.指示代词的句法功能指示代词在句子中可以充当:主语,宾语,表语,定语。 D.反身代词反身代词表示反射或强调的代词。它的基本含义是:通过反身代词指代主语,使施动者把动作在形式上反射到施动者自己。因此,反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系,在人称、性质、数上保持一致Myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves.E.关系代词用于引导定语从句,代表先行词,同时在从句中作一定的句子成分。有主格,宾格和属格之分,也分为指人和指物两种限定性 指人 非限定性 指物 限定性 指人或指物 主 格 who/that which/that that 宾 格 whom which/that that 属 格 whose of which/whose of which/whoseF.疑问代词1.疑问代词在句子中充当名词词组以构成疑问句What, who, whose, whom, which, whatever, whichever, whoever.2) 疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前,没有性和数的变化,除who之外也没有格的变化。what, which, whose还可作限定词。G.相互代词相互代词(reciprocal pronoun)就是表示相互关系的代词。它与它所指代的名词或代词是一种互指关系,因此它们是复数或者二者以上。英语中的相互代词只有两个,即each other和one another传统语法认为,相互关系存在于两个人或物之间用each other, 存在于两个以上人和物之间用one anotherH.不定代词 不定代词,即不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词 常用的不定代词:· some(something,somebody,someone),any(anything,anybody,anyone), no(nothing,nobody,no one), every(everything,everybody,everyone,),all,each,both,much,many,(a)little,(a)few,other(s),another,none,one,either, neither等 不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语I.连接代词疑问代词在引起从句时,都称为连接代词,包括who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever,一共九个,即除了whose后不能加“-ever”后缀,其余都行3. 数词 num.基数词 One, two, three… 一,二,三。。。序数词 First, second, third… 第一,第二, 第三。。。4. 形容词 adj.修饰名词或代词,表示事物的特征。5. 副词 adv.用于修饰动词,形容词,全句的词, 说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。可以分为时间副词,地点副词,方式副词,程度副词,疑问副词,连接副词,关系副词,频率副词,和说明性副词。6.动词 v.用来形容或表示各类动作的词汇,一个完整的句子中有至少一个动词2.虚词7. 冠词 art.冠词是虚词,不能单独使用。用在名词前面帮助指明名词的含义。冠词是名词的一种标志,它不能离开名词而独立存在,它表示主语的数量或特征。 8. 介词 prep.介词是一种用来表示词与词,句与句之间的关系的虚词,不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词,代词,或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语或者介词宾语。介词可以分为时间介词,地点介词,方式介词,原因介词和其他介词。 9. 连词 conj.连词是一种虚词,不能独立担任句子成分而只连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要分为4类:并列连词,转折连词,选择连词和因果连词。 10.助词 助词是附着在词,短语,句子的前面或后面,表示结构关系或某些附加意义的虚词。助词有结构助词,时态助词,语气助词三种 11. 叹词 interj. 叹词是语法学术词。表示感叹,呼唤,应答的词。 3.判断词现代汉语中表示条件,让步,转折等关系的连词多包涵一个来自判断词“是”的语素,如 Yes 和 No. 4.情态动词1,,情态动词不能表示正在发生或者已经发生的事情,指标是期待或者估计某件事情的发生。2.情态动词除ought 和have 之外,后面只能接不带to 的不定式3.情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加S4.情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定时,分词等形式。 5.感叹词感叹词是用来表示说话时表达的喜怒哀乐等情感的词。它不构成后面句子的一个语法成分,却在意义上与它有关连,后面的句子一般说明这种情绪的性质、原因。感叹词是英语口语中最富于表现力的词语之一,用途甚广。学会它,对于提高英语的交际能力,表达复杂的思想起着举足轻重的作用。英语中的感叹词很多,但目前的语法著作中却很少对它进行归纳总结,致使许多人对含有感叹词的句子理解不透。现将部分感叹词的用法进行小结: 一、Oh 表示惊讶、指责、痛苦、称赞、懊恼等,可译为“哦”、“哎呀”、“噢”“啊”、“呀”等。 6.其他 1.动名词动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰,动名词有时态和语态的变化。V-ing 2.动词不定式不定式:to+动词原形 不定式是一种非限定性动词(在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词,可分为不定式,动名词,现在分词和过去分词) 3.分词 具有动词及形容词二者特征的词。二.句子成分 (7种)主语,谓语,宾语,定语,补语,状语,表语1. 主语句子陈述的对象,说明是谁或什么。名词,代词,数词,动名词,不定式,一个句子,都可以作主语。2. 谓语对主语动作或状态的陈述或者说明,指出“做什么”和“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。3. 宾语指一个动作(动词)的接受者。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语(宾语补足语)两类。直接宾语指动作的直接对象,间接宾语说明动作的非直接,但是受动作影响的对象。一般而言,及物动词后面至少要有一个宾语(通常为直接宾语),有些及物动词要求两个宾语(通常一个为直接宾语,一个为间接宾语)。名词,代词,数词,动名词,不定式,一个句子,都可以作宾语。而to do 不定式用于宾语补足语。4. 定语用于修饰,限定,说明名词或代词的品质与特征。形容词,名词,代词,数词,介词短语,动词不定式,分词,定语从句或相当于形容词的词,短语,或句子都可以作定语。5. 状语修饰动词,形容词,副词等的句子成分。作用:说明地点,时间,原因,目的,结果,条件,方向,程度,方式和伴随状况等。一般用副词,介词短语,分词和分词短语,不定式或相当于副词的词或短语担当。一般位于句末,但也可以放在句首或句中。6. 补语作用于主语和宾语,起补充说明的作用。最常见的是宾语补足语。名词,动名词,形容词,副词,不定式,现在分词,过去分词都可以在句子中作宾语补足语。7. 表语表语用于说明主语的身份,性质,品行,特征和状态。常位于系动词(be, become, appear,seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词)之后。常由名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,从句充当。充当表语的句子叫做表语从句。三.基本句型结构 : 简单句,并列句和复合句 1. 简单句:5大基本句型 1.主语+谓语 主谓结构,谓语多为不及物动词 It happens. 它发生了。 2.主语+连系动词+表语 主系表结构 Leaves turn yellow. 叶子变黄了。 She is a teacher. 她是一名老师。 3.主语+谓语+宾语 主谓宾结构 谓语多为及物动词 I play the piano. 我弹钢琴。 4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语主谓宾宾结构,谓语是可以有双宾语的及物动词。2个宾语一个是直接宾语,一个是间接宾语。 He gave the book to his sister. 他把这本书给了他的妹妹。 He gave his sister the book. 他把这本书给了他的妹妹。 5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 主谓宾补结构,补语是宾语补语,和宾语一起构成复合宾语 I find the book easy. (easy作补语) 有时主语和谓语都不止一个但依然是简单句。 It 引导结构 It 既是代词又是引词 可以作为形式主语(It is +adj. +for/of sb. to do sth. )或形式宾语(it +adj. +to do sth. )It 也用于强调句结构。 It is (was) + 强调部分(主语,宾语或状语)+ that(who)… 2. 并列句 两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子。 基本结构:简单句+并列连词(and, but, so , or等)+简单句 3. 复合句 Complex Sentence 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成 主句通常可以独立存在而从句不能 从句必须由关联词引导
『捌』 关于英语的语法结构
太多了,你慢慢看吧
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语等。
顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。
1、主语
主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。
Helikeswatch'ingTV.他喜欢看电视。
2、谓语
谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。
一般可分为两类:
1),简单谓语
由动词(或短语动词)构成。
可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。
Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我们为人民学习。
2),复合谓语:情态动词+不定式
Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以说一点英语。
3、表语
表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当。
Mysis'terisanurse.我姐姐是护士。
4、宾语
宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。
WelikeEng'lish.我们喜欢英语。
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。
Hegavemesom'eink.他给了我一点墨水。
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如:
Wemakehimourmon'itor.我们选他当班长。
5、定语
在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。
用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。
Heisanewstu'dent.他是个新生。
但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。
Thebikeintheroomismine.房间里的自行车是我的。
6、状语
修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。
HelivesinLon'don.他住在伦敦。
7.补语
用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作,因为英语中有些动词加宾语后意思仍然不完整,如:make(使...),ask(请)等等。如果我们说:我们使我们的祖国。这不是一句完整的话。应该说:我们使我们的祖国更美丽。这是的“美丽的(beautiful)”为形容词做补语,说明祖国的状态。英语句子为:We will make our country more beautiful.作补语的词或词组为:形容词,副词,名词,不定式,ing形式,数词等。
8.宾补
就是宾语补足语,就是补充说明宾语的
例:I know you are student good at maths
在这个句子中,good at maths 就是补语。
宾语补语也可以是句子,所以这个句子也可以是:
I know you are student who is good at maths
还可以是-ing 形式
I see you crossing the street
简单说就是补充和说明主语和宾语的成分.因此,就出现了主语补足语和宾语补足语.上面两位举的例子都不错.只是热雪冰冷的宾补的句子例子不是很恰当哦.他的例子是定语从句 啊 还有 主语补足语可以是表语 例如:Tom is a student.student是对Tom的解释与说明. 另外,Tom was seen playing on the playground.这个句子中playing是对Tom的解释说明 是主补
定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分,定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句,结果状语从句,让步状语从句,原因状语从句,条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。
一、 限定性定语从句
1. that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置
2. which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的介词不能丢
3. 代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括all, anything, much等,这时的that常被省略
4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
5. where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句
6. when引导定语从句表示时间
〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.
I still remember the first time I met her.
Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.
7. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格
8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用there is来引导
二、非限定性定语从句:非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常和主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分
2. 在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which
Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。
I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反。
We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。
3. 有时as也可用作关系代词
4. 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用that,而用who, whom代表人,用which代表事物
状语从句
§ 1状语从句的种类
用来修饰谓语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可分为:
1.时间状语从句;(adverbial clause of time)
2.地点状语从句;(adverbial clause of place)
3.原因状语从句;(adverbial clause of cause)
4.条件状语从句;(adverbial clause of condition)
5.目的状语从句;(adverbial clause of purpose)
6.让步状语从句;(adverbial clause of concession)
7.比较状语从句;(adverbial clause of comparison)
8.程度状语从句;(adverbial clause of degree)
9.方式状语从句;(adverbial clause of manner)
10.结果状语从句。(adverbial clause of result)
§2状语从句的时态特点
一般情况下,时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”,用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。例如:
I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我一到北京就给你打电话。(这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句,从句中的谓语动词arrive是一般现在时,表示一般将来时,决不可用will arrive)
As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home. 我一完成此工作,就回家。(从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时have finished,表示将来完成时,决不可用will have finished)
If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回来了,请通知我。(从句中的谓语动词用comes back,表示一般将来时,决不可用will come back)
二 时间状语从句
§3时间状语从句(adverbial clause of time)
1.由when, while, as引导的时间状语从句。例如:
When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.当你以为自己一无所知的时候,你就是在开始知道一些事物了。
When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out , it blows up everything with it.当真理被埋在地下的时候,它在生长,它感到压抑,它蓄存着这么一种爆炸性力量,一旦冒出,它就会炸破一切!
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。
Will you watch my clothes while I have a swim. 我游泳的时候,请你照看一下我的衣服。
You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it. 当你的手在空气中挥动的时候,你就能感觉到空气在流动。
Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.我们的校长边谈边笑。
【区别】when, while和as的区别:when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。例如:
When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时,我在吃饭。(瞬时动词)
When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当的住在农村时,我常常为他担水。(延续性的动词)
We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开,就在那时他进来了。
While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如:
While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词,was reading和was watching同时发生)
I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢打篮球。(对比)
As表示“一边……一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后。例如:
We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。(as表示“一边……一边”)
As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时,开始下雪了。(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪的特定时间)
2.由before和after引导的时间状语从句。注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语,并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后,有时译成“就,才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时,从句总是用现在时;如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时,则主句动词多用过去完成时,这样以便体现动作发生的先后。After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。例如:
It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。
Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。
My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。
They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。
After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后,告诉我你是怎样决定的。
After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后,我们回家了。(从句用过去完成时,主句用一般过去时)
3.由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是:如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同。例如:
I didn't go to bed until(till) my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。
It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。
I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。
I didn't work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。
Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。
4.由since引导的时间状语从句。 since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is +时间+since从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时。例如:
I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来,我一直在北京了。
Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后,你到哪里去了?
It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。
It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。
5.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引导的时间状语从句。这些连词都表示“一……就”。例如:
I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭,我立即到那里去。
The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息,马上赶到了出事地点。
As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大,就给你来电话。
【注意】hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时,主句应用倒装语序。例如:
He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到家,就被邀请开始另一旅程。
No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起,他就起床劳动去了。
Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下,他就进来了。
He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。
6.由by the time引导的时间状语从句。注意时态的变化:在一般情况下,如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,主句的谓语动词用过去完成时;如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时,主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。例如:
By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时,我已经写完这本书了。
By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候,我将已经完成此工作了。
7.由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句。例如:
Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次来哈尔滨,总是来看我。
Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候,我猜想他就要说谎了。
You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你,见你更年轻了。
8.由as long as和so long as引导的时间状语从句。这两个连词表示“有多久……就多久”。例如:
You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. 你可以随意到哪里去,只要在天黑以前回来就行。
I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body! 只要我一息尚存,我就要反对这种境况。
三 地点状语从句
§4地点状语从句 (adverbial clause of place)
地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导,已经形成了固定的句型,例如:
句型1:Where+地点从句,(there)+主句。
【注意】此句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”;主句在从句后面时,there可用可不用;如果主句在从句的前面时,一般都不用there。例如:
Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方,耕作是困难的,或根本不可能的。
They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed. 他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。
You should have put the book where you found it. 你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。
Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中国共产党,哪里人民得解放。
句型2:Anywhere/ wherever+地点从句,+主句。
【注意】anywhere本身是个副词,但是,常可以引导从句,相当于连词,意思相似于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后。 而wherever本身就是个连词,表示“在何处,无论何处”。例如:
Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海员。
『玖』 关于英语从句语法的一些问题
1 不可以。我们只能怀疑比较确定的内容,不能怀疑模棱两可的内容。
我怀疑你帮我交版话费了。(权肯定句)
我怀疑你没帮我交话费。(否定句)
但是我不可能既怀疑你给我交话费了,又怀疑你没给我交话费。
if表示“是否”,即两种情况都可能,这种怀疑不合理,所以不能用在doubt之后。
2 的确是虚拟语气。
虚拟语气不仅仅表示难以实现的愿望,也可以表示真实的愿望。
I wish he could give up smoking(可能有一定难度,但是我的愿望是真实的)
本句也是如此,可能tom一贯粗心,下一次不粗心不很现实,但愿望是真实的。